Renewable Energy Trainee Handouts

11/19/2023
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Part 3
Renewable Energy Sources
‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬
Prepared & Reviewed

This material was prepared and reviewed by a group of experts, including
Dr. Abdussalam Ahmed

Fituri Dr. Gassem Azzain Tarek Alnasser Daw
Professor in Mechanical Associate Prof. MSc.
Engineering – Power Mechanical Engineering Petroleum Engineering
(Thermal and Fluid) (Renewable Energy) Production Operations &
Staff member College of Faculty member Workover Engineer Specialist
Engineering Technology Sebha University Petroleum Training &
& Qualifying Institute (PTQI)
Renewable Energies College - Tajurah
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‫‪The Renewable Energies the‬‬

‫‪green evolution‬‬
‫الطاقات المتجددة التطور األخض‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Renewable Energy Sources‬‬

‫‪Day 1‬‬
‫الطاقات المتجددة‬
‫‪Renewable Energies‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
11/19/2023
The Energy!
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do work!
‫مقدمة‬
What are the types of Energy?
Introduction
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy
• Chemical energy
• Thermal energy
• Radiant energy
‫أشكال‬
‫الطاقة و‬
‫أنواعها‬
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‫‪Why some energy sources‬‬

‫‪are called Non-renewables‬‬
‫‪What are these Nonrenewable‬‬

‫?‪Energy sources‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Non-‬‬
‫‪renewable‬‬
‫‪energy‬‬
‫‪sources‬‬
‫‪(pros and‬‬
‫)‪cons‬‬
‫مصادر‬
‫الطاقة الغي‬
‫متجددة‬
‫اإليجابيات‬
‫و السلبيات‬
‫‪8‬‬
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Why Other sources of energy

are called Renewables?
What are these Renewable

Energy sources?
Non-renewable Energy sources

are those consumed faster than they can be replaced.
Renewable Energy
those that are naturally replenished on a relatively short timescale.
What are the nonrenewable and renewable energies?

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Overview ‫نظرة شاملة‬
1.Solar Energy 2.Wind Energy

What is the nature of solar energy? What is the nature of wind energy?
11
3.Geothermal Energy 4.Hydroelectric Energy

What is the nature of Geothermal Energy? What is the nature of Hydroelectric Energy?
12
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5.Biomass Energy 6.Ocean Energy

What is the nature of Biomass Energy? What is the nature of Ocean energy?
13
Renewable
Energy
‫الطاقة‬
‫المتجددة‬
14
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7.Hydrogen
What is the function of hydrogen in

an electrical energy system?
What is the fuel cell?
Hydrogen
fuel cells
15
The Impact on the environment and economy ‫التأثي عىل البيئة واالقتصاد‬
What are the Impacts of Renewable Energy utilization on the environment?
Environment:
1. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions: 2. Improved air quality:
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Environment:
3. Preservation of natural resources: 4. Reduced water usage:
17
Economy:
1. Job creation: 2. Energy security:
Availability Accessibility
Acceptability Affordability
The 4 A’s of Energy Security

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Economy:
3. Increased competition: 4. Attraction of investment:
19
Fossil fuels vs Renewable (Emissions and Land use)

)‫الوقود األحفوري مقابل الطاقة المتجددة (االنبعاثات واستخدام األراض‬
How (Nonrenewable and Renewable) energy sources can be classified according

to Emission degree (scale 1 – 5) , and Land use (scale 1 – 5)?‫@ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬ ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة‬
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Conclusion
• In conclusion, Renewable • The potential of Renewable
Energy has a positive impact Energy is immense leading
on the economy. to a cleaner environment.
• It reduces greenhouse gas emissions, improves air

quality, conserves resources, creates jobs, increases
energy security, lowers energy prices and attracts
investment.
What are the main outcomes that could be achieved from the
renewables utilization?
21
Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬
Transitioning to Renewable Energy presents various

challenges that governments, industries, and individuals
must overcome.
1. Cost:
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‫‪Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy‬‬ ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬
‫‪2. Grid instability:‬‬ ‫‪3. Storage:‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy‬‬ ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬
‫‪4. Political will:‬‬ ‫‪5. Public resistance:‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
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Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬
6. Transmission:
Conclusion
Transitioning to Renewable Energy presents significant
challenges that need to be overcome.
What are the main challenges that are facing the

renewables utilization?
25
The worldwide trend ‫التوجه العالم‬
Net renewable electricity capacity additions

by technology, 2017-2024
26
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11/19/2023

Renewable energy shows strongest growth in global electric generating capacity
27

As for the-state-of-the-art in renewable energy technologies, solar and wind are the key to
reducing emissions in the electricity sector.
Renewable electricity generation

increase by technology, country
and region, 2020-2021
Solar’s price advantage
Solar PV and onshore wind investment cost estimates for new

projects under high commodity prices 2015-2023. Image: IEA
China is still the leader Solar's ahead of the pack
Renewable net capacity additions by country and region 2019-2021. Image: IEA Renewable net capacity‫ية‬additions
‫البرامج االستراتيج‬ ‫@ مكتب‬
2019-2021. ‫محفوظة‬
Image: IEA‫جميع الحقوق‬
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‫‪The worldwide trend‬‬ ‫التوجه العالم‬
‫‪A vision for the transition to‬‬

‫‪100% wind, water & solar‬‬
‫‪energy by the year 2050‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪Global trend‬‬
‫‪towards‬‬
‫‪renewable‬‬
‫‪energy,‬‬
‫‪especially in‬‬
‫‪Europe‬‬
‫توجه عالم‬
‫نحو الطاقة‬
‫المتجددة‬
‫خصوصا ف‬
‫أوروبا‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
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Solar Energy Potential on world map. Solar Irradiation as an Example.
31

Technologies Adopted:
The project Idea: ▪ Concentrated solar power CSP
Is to generate electricity from various RES at the ▪ Photovoltaics
north Africa desert then transmitting the power ▪ Wind energy
to EU via HVDC network. ▪ High-voltage direct current
▪ (HVDC)
DESERTEC Project
‫ر‬
‫مشوع دزرتك‬
32
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Day 2
Part 1 ‫الجزء األول‬
Solar Energy ‫الطاقة‬
Heat & Light ‫الشمسية‬
From The ‫الحرارة‬
SUN ‫والضوء من‬
‫الشمس‬
33
Introduction to Solar Energy ‫مقدمة في الطاقة الشمسية‬
Solar Energy nature is
Psun= σ . T4
What is the origin of solar energy?

The emissive power from the sun Psun= σ . T4
σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
The Origin
5.67×10-11 [kW/(m2 . K4)]
of Solar
T is the Sun absolute temperature Energy
About 20,000,000 (K) at its core
About 6000 (K) at its surface
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How Does
Nuclear
Fusion Power
the Sun?
‫كيف يمد‬
‫اإلنصهار النووي‬
‫الشمس بالطاقة؟‬
35
Introduction to Solar Energy ‫مقدمة في الطاقة الشمسية‬
Solar Energy is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels that reduces greenhouse

gas emissions and helps mitigate climate change.
36
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‫‪Solar Energy‬‬
‫الطاقة الشمسية‬
‫‪37‬‬
‫‪Types of Solar Panels – Photovoltaic (PV) cells‬‬ ‫أنواع األلواح الشمسية – الخاليا الفوتو فولتية أو الكهروضوئية‬
‫? ‪What are the main types of Photovoltaic (PV) cells‬‬
‫‪1. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells‬‬
‫‪Solar Panel‬‬ ‫‪Solar Cell‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
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Types of Solar Panels – Photovoltaic (PV) cells ‫أنواع األلواح الشمسية – الخاليا الفوتو فولتية أو الكهروضوئية‬
2. Polycrystalline silicon solar panel: 3. Thin-film solar panel:
Polycrystalline silicon solar cells Flexible Thin-film solar cells

39
Solar Electrical Energy Storage ‫تخزين الطاقة الشمسية الكهربية‬
Why Solar Electrical Energy should be Stored? & How?
Nickel cadmium Flow batteries Lithium ion Lead-acid
40
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‫منظومة الطاقة الشمسية الفوتو فولتية (الكهروضوئية) ‪A photovoltaic solar energy (PV) system‬‬
‫? ‪What are the main components of a photovoltaic solar energy system‬‬
‫‪A photovoltaic‬‬
‫‪solar energy‬‬
‫‪system‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫المكونات‬
‫االساسية‬
‫لنظام الطاقة‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫ف الميل‬
‫‪42‬‬
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Types of Solar Panels – – Solar Thermal Collectors ‫أنواع األلواح الشمسية – المجمعات الشمسية الحرارية‬
Flat-plate Solar Collector Evacuated-tube Solar Collector
What are the main types of solar thermal collectors ?

43
A solar thermal energy system ‫منظومة الطاقة الشمسية الحرارية‬
A solar thermal energy system
What are the main components of a thermal solar

energy system for water heating?
44
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‫السخان‬
‫الشمس‬
‫‪45‬‬
‫‪Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants‬‬ ‫محطات القدرة الشمسية ر‬

‫اليكيية‬
‫)‪Concentrated Solar Power (CSP‬‬
‫?‪What is the CSP system‬‬

‫‪1. Parabolic‬‬
‫‪trough‬‬
‫‪systems:‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
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Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants ‫محطات القدرة الشمسية ر‬

2. Solar Central Receiver Tower systems 3. The Linear Fresnel Reflector system
47
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants ‫محطات القدرة الشمسية ر‬

4. Dish Stirling systems:
Conclusion
What are the main CSP technologies?

48
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‫أنظمة الطاقة‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫الحرارية‬
‫المركزة‬
‫‪49‬‬

‫‪Parabolic Trough‬‬ ‫‪Power tower Central Receiver‬‬
‫‪Linear Fresnel‬‬ ‫‪Dish Stirling‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
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‫‪Concentrated‬‬
‫‪Solar Power‬‬
‫‪(CSP) Plants‬‬
‫محطات القدرة‬
‫الشمسية ر‬
‫‪51‬‬

‫‪Noor Ouarzazate CSP station in‬‬

‫‪Morocco is a model of‬‬
‫‪concentrated solar power plants.‬‬
‫محطة نور ورزازات بالمغرب نموذج لمحطات‬

‫القدرة الشمسية التركيزية‬
‫‪Satellite‬‬
‫‪View‬‬
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‫‪Day 3‬‬
‫‪Part 2‬‬ ‫الجزء الثان‬
‫‪Solar Energy‬‬ ‫الطاقة‬
‫‪Heat & Light‬‬ ‫الشمسية‬
‫‪From The‬‬ ‫الحرارة‬
‫‪SUN‬‬ ‫والضوء من‬
‫الشمس‬
‫‪53‬‬
‫‪Solar Thermal Energy Storage Techniques and systems‬‬ ‫تقنيات وأنظمة تخزين الطاقة الحرارية الشمسية‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Solid Thermal Energy storage‬‬

‫)‪(Concrete thermal mass storage‬‬
‫‪54‬‬
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Solar Thermal Energy Storage Techniques and systems ‫تقنيات وأنظمة تخزين الطاقة الحرارية الشمسية‬
2. Liquid Solar Thermal Energy Storage 3. Phase change materials (PCM)

(Water storage): storage:
Heat is stored in large tanks of water. (Waxes, Eutectic Acids, Molten salts, etc.)
55
Solar Thermal Energy Storage Techniques and systems ‫تقنيات وأنظمة تخزين الطاقة الحرارية الشمسية‬
4. Molten salt storage:
Conclusion
What are the thermal storage

techniques which are used with solar
energy systems?
56
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Advantages and disadvantages of Solar Energy ‫مزايا وعيوب الطاقة الشمسية‬
Advantages of Solar Energy:
1. Renewable and sustainable source of energy.

2. Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to a cleaner environment.
3. Low maintenance cost and long lifespan.
4. Can be installed in remote locations where grid connection is not feasible.
5. Can provide energy independence for homes and businesses.
6. Supports job creation and economic growth in the solar industry.
What are the main Advantages of Solar Energy?
57
Advantages and disadvantages of Solar Energy ‫مزايا وعيوب الطاقة الشمسية‬
Disadvantages of Solar Energy:

1. Initial cost for installation is relatively high.
2. Energy production is dependent on weather conditions and varies with time
of day.
3. Storage systems may be necessary to ensure constant energy supply.
4. Land use for large-scale solar farms can have an impact on wildlife and
habitats.
5. Solar panels require regular cleaning and may have
an environmental impact during production and disposal.
6. It may not be suitable for all geographic locations
What are the main Disadvantages of Solar Energy?
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Applications of Solar Energy ‫تطبيقات الطاقة الشمسية‬
Applications of
Photovoltaic Solar Energy
What are the Applications of

Photovoltaic Solar Energy?
59
Applications of Solar Energy ‫تطبيقات الطاقة الشمسية‬
More applications of Solar Energy
What are the Applications of

Thermal Solar Energy? ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬
60
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Solar Energy in Libya ‫الطاقة الشمسية ف ليبيا‬
Libya geographical data
Potential of solar energy in Libya:

In the coastal areas, the daily average solar irradiation on the
horizontal level is 7.1 kWh/m2 while the irradiation is 8.1
kWh/m2 at the southern region. The average duration of
sunshine is more than 3,500 hours per year.
What is the Potential of solar energy in Libya?
61
Solar Energy in Libya ‫الطاقة الشمسية ف ليبيا‬
The abundance of Solar Energy in Libya and the

amount of the average flux.
Distribution of the annual rate of

direct solar Irradiation
falling vertically per square meter
of the area of Libya
Individual needs about 2 to 3 square meters of solar collectors to cover‫االستراتيجية‬

basic‫البرامج‬
daily
‫مكتب‬needs.
@ ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة‬
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‫‪Day 3‬‬
‫‪Wind Energy‬‬ ‫طاقة الرياح‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫‪how do wind‬‬
‫‪turbines‬‬
‫?‪work‬‬
‫كيف تعمل‬
‫عنفات طاقة‬
‫الرياح؟‬
‫‪64‬‬
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11/19/2023
Introduction to Wind Energy ‫مقدمة طاقة الرياح‬
The nature of Wind Energy
The power from wind is strongly

depending on air velocity.
What is the mechanism of converting

Wind Energy to electrical energy? ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬
65
Types of wind turbines ‫أنواع توربينات الرياح‬
There are two main types of wind turbines:
1. Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT):
What are the main types

of wind turbines?
66
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‫توربينات الرياح‬
‫ف إنتاج‬
‫الكهرباء ؟‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫‪Types of wind turbines‬‬ ‫أنواع توربينات الرياح‬
‫‪There are two main types of wind turbines:‬‬
‫‪2. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT):‬‬
‫‪Conclusion‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
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11/19/2023
On-shore horizontal wind turbines Off-shore horizontal wind turbines
Horizontal Horizontal
wind wind
turbines turbines
Vertical wind turbines Vertical wind turbines
69
‫مزارع رياح‬
‫مض‬
70
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11/19/2023
Onshore and offshore wind farms
What is Onshore wind farm? ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬
71
Onshore and offshore wind farms
What is Offshore wind farm? ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬
72
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‫طاقة الرياح‬
‫تعرف عىل‬
‫مميات طاقة‬
‫الرياح‬
‫وعيوب‬
‫توليد الطاقة‬
‫عي الرياح‬
‫ر‬
73
Advantages and disadvantages of Wind Energy ‫مزايا وعيوب طاقة الرياح‬
Advantages of Wind Energy:

1. Wind energy is a renewable, clean and infinite energy source.
2. Wind turbines are able to generate electricity without emitting
greenhouse gases, which helps fight against global warming.
3. Wind energy can provide electricity to remote areas without access to the grid.
4. Wind turbines can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil.
Disadvantages of Wind Energy:
1. Wind turbines can be expensive to construct, maintain, and install.
2. Wind turbines can be noisy and may cause disturbance to nearby
residents and wildlife.
3. Wind turbines may pose risks to birds and bats, who may collide with the
blades.
4. Wind turbines require suitable wind speeds to generate electricity and may not
be effective in areas with low wind speeds.
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Applications of Wind Energy ‫تطبيقات طاقة الرياح‬
What are the Applications of Wind Energy?

Applications of Wind Energy are:
75
Wind Energy in Libya ‫طاقة الرياح ف ليبيا‬
Wind Energy in Libya
The wind atlas for Libya
There are several sites identified

technically as suitable for wind
energy harvesting
Which locations are the best for wind energy farms in Libya, ‫ية‬and why?
‫االستراتيج‬ ‫@ مكتب البرامج‬ ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة‬
76
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‫مفهوم جديد‬
‫لطاقة الرياح‬
‫شجرة بإمكانك‬
‫وضعها ف حديقة‬
‫ميلك لتحصل‬
‫عىل الكهرباء‬
‫‪77‬‬

‫‪Day 3‬‬
‫‪Biomass or Biofuel Energy‬‬

‫طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
‫‪78‬‬
‫‪39‬‬
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‫طاقة الكتلة‬
‫الحيوية أو‬
‫الوقود‬
‫الحيوي‬
‫‪79‬‬
‫‪Introduction Biomass or Biofuel Energy‬‬ ‫مقدمة طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الجيوي‬
‫‪Biomass Energy refers to‬‬

‫‪the use of organic‬‬
‫‪material, such as plants‬‬
‫‪and animal waste, as a‬‬
‫‪source of fuel.‬‬
‫? ‪What is Biomass Energy‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
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‫‪Biofuels‬‬
‫الوقود‬
‫الحيوي‬
‫‪81‬‬
‫‪Types of Biomass or Biofuel Energy‬‬ ‫أنواع طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
‫‪What is the classification‬‬

‫?‪of Biomass or Biofuel‬‬
‫‪82‬‬
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11/19/2023
Biomass or Biofuel Energy Conversion Technologies ‫تقنيات تحويل طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
What are the Biomass or

Biofuel energy conversion
technologies?
1. Combustion
2. Gasification
3. Pyrolysis
4. Anaerobic digestion
83
Biomass or Biofuel Energy Conversion Technologies ‫تقنيات تحويل طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
Conversion Technologies
5.Transesterification
6.Hydrothermal liquefaction
7.Direct combustion
8.Co-firing
9.Combined heat and power
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‫‪Biomass‬‬
‫الكتلة‬
‫الحيوية‬
‫‪85‬‬

‫‪Day 4‬‬
‫‪Biomass or Biofuel Energy‬‬

‫طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
‫‪86‬‬
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Advantages and disadvantages ‫مزايا وعيوب طاقة الكتلة‬

Advantages : of Biomass or Biofuel Energy ‫الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
1. Biomass is a renewable source of energy as it comes from plant
and animal waste that can be easily replenished.
2. Biofuels produce less carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels.
3. It helps in reducing waste as it uses organic material which would otherwise end up in landfills.
4. Biomass can decrease dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite resources.
Disadvantages :
1. The process of producing biomass or biofuels can be expensive.
2. The production of biofuels requires large areas of land for cultivation, which can lead to
deforestation and displacement of food crops.
3. The cultivation of biofuels can lead to soil erosion and water pollution.
4. Biomass and biofuels may not be as efficient as traditional fossil fuels in terms of energy
output.
5. The transportation of biomass and biofuels for processing and distribution can also be costly
and energy-intensive.
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of Biomass or Biofuel Energy?
‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫@ مكتب البرامج‬ ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة‬
87
‫مصنع يحول‬
‫غاز الميثان‬
‫الناتج عن‬
‫النفايات‬
‫الميلية إىل‬
‫طاقة‬
‫كهربائية ف‬
‫بولندا‬
88
44
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫‪Applications of Biomass or Biofuel Energy‬‬ ‫تطبيقات طاقة الكتلة الحيوية أو الوقود الحيوي‬
‫‪What are the applications of‬‬

‫?‪Biomass or Biofuels‬‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫‪How Does a‬‬

‫‪Biomass/‬‬
‫‪Wood-fired‬‬
‫‪Boiler Plant‬‬
‫?‪Work‬‬
‫كيف يعمل‬
‫مصنع الغاليات‬
‫ر‬
‫الت تعمل‬
‫بالكتلة الحيوية‬
‫‪ /‬الحطب؟‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪45‬‬
11/19/2023
‫زراعة الطاقة‬
‫وما ه أشجار‬
‫الجوجوبا ؟‬
‫وما ه‬
‫استخدامات‬
‫زيتها ؟‬
91
Biomass production in Libya! ‫إنتاج الكتلة الحيوية ف ليبيا‬
Jojoba tree cultivation is a great example of utilizing solar energy in the

production of biomass!
Jojoba is a tree whose fruits are not eaten and whose oil is not drunk, but it is an interesting tree!!!
Its oil is a product that can be used as a diesel like fuel and it has many applications in cosmetics.
92
46
11/19/2023
Biomass production in Libya! ‫إنتاج الكتلة الحيوية ف ليبيا‬
Plans to benefit from solar energy in irrigation within the activities of jojoba planting
The launch of the first phase of planting fifty thousand

hectares with jojoba trees in the Awjila region in Libya.
.Cultivation of jojoba trees in the area of Ain Sidi M’hamed in Awjila, Libya.
‫@ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬ ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة‬
93

Day 4 Hydrogen Energy
‫طاقة الهيدروجي‬
94
47
11/19/2023
Hydrogen ‫الهيدروجي‬
95
Introduction to hydrogen ‫مقدمة عن الهيدروجي‬
Hydrogen as an energy storage and resource
What is the role of hydrogen within the power generation systems?

96
48
11/19/2023
Hydrogen
Energy
‫طاقة‬
‫الهيدروجي‬
97
Introduction to hydrogen as an energy storage and resource

How hydrogen is used as an energy storage?
What is the function of hydrogen within the transportation sector?

98
49
11/19/2023
In recent years, there has been considerable research into the use of hydrogen fuel cells in
transportation, electricity generation, and industrial processes.
99
Hydrogen generation technologies ‫تقنيات توليد الهيدروجي‬
What are the known technologies for hydrogen production?
1. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) 2. Electrolysis
100
50
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫‪Hydrogen generation technologies‬‬ ‫تقنيات توليد الهيدروجي‬
‫‪3. Biomass Gasification‬‬ ‫‪4. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting‬‬
‫‪101‬‬
‫‪Hydrogen‬‬
‫‪energy and‬‬
‫‪how does it‬‬
‫?‪work‬‬
‫ما ه طاقة‬
‫وكيف تعمل؟‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
11/19/2023
5. Pyrolysis 6. Algae Biomass Gasification
103
7. High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) 8. Biophotolysis
104
52
11/19/2023
‫خلية الوقود؟‬
105
Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen ‫مزايا وعيوب الهيدروجي‬
Advantages :
1. Hydrogen has a high energy content by weight, making it an efficient
energy storage medium.
2. It can be produced from renewable sources and can store excess
renewable energy.
3. Hydrogen fuel cells have high energy efficiency and emit only water vapor as the byproduct.
4. It can be used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, electricity generation, and
industrial processes.
Disadvantages :
1. The production of hydrogen is relatively expensive compared to
fossil fuels.
2. Hydrogen is a low-density gas, making storage and transportation challenging.
3. Hydrogen storage requires specialized infrastructure and technology, which can be expensive to
develop.
4. Hydrogen is highly flammable and requires careful handling and safety precautions.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as an energy storage medium
‫البرامج االستراتيجية‬ ? ‫جميع الحقوق‬
‫محفوظة @ مكتب‬
106
53
11/19/2023
Applications of hydrogen in various sectors 1/4 ‫تطبيقات الهيدروجي ف مختلف القطاعات‬
What are the applications of hydrogen?
1. Transportation
2. Energy generation
107
Applications of hydrogen in various sectors 2/4 ‫تطبيقات الهيدروجي ف مختلف القطاعات‬
3. Industry 4. Heating and cooling
108
54
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫سيارات‬
‫ممياتها وكيف‬
‫تعمل ؟‬
‫‪109‬‬
‫‪Applications of hydrogen in various sectors 3/4‬‬ ‫تطبيقات الهيدروجي ف مختلف القطاعات‬
‫‪5. Agriculture‬‬ ‫‪6. Space exploration‬‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫‪55‬‬
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‫‪Applications of hydrogen in various sectors 4/4‬‬ ‫تطبيقات الهيدروجي ف مختلف القطاعات‬
‫‪7. Backup power‬‬ ‫‪8. Energy storage‬‬
‫‪111‬‬
‫هل يصبح‬
‫الموجود ف‬
‫الماء بديال عن‬
‫البيين؟‬
‫‪112‬‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫ما أهمية‬
‫االستثمار ف‬
‫األخض؟‬
‫‪113‬‬
‫‪Hydrogen plans in Libya‬‬ ‫خطط الهيدروجي ف ليبيا‬
‫‪Research of the Green hydrogen‬‬

‫‪production assessment for Libya:‬‬
‫‪NOC & the investment in‬‬

‫‪renewable energies in Libya‬‬
‫‪114‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
11/19/2023

Day 5
A recap of the renewable energy sources
‫ملخص مصادر الطاقة المتجددة‬
115
A recap of the renewable energy sources ‫ملخص مصادر الطاقة المتجددة‬
1. Solar Energy
2. Wind Energy
3. Hydroelectric Energy
4. Geothermal Energy
5. Biomass Energy
6. Tidal Energy
7. Wave Energy
8. Hydrogen:
116
58
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫تطبيقات مصادر الطاقة المتجددة ‪Applications of The Renewable energy sources‬‬
‫‪117‬‬
‫‪How renewable energy can help‬‬ ‫كيف يمكن للطاقة المتجددة أن تساعد‬
‫?‪address climate change‬‬ ‫في التصدي لتغير المناخ؟‬
‫‪1. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions‬‬ ‫‪2. Decrease dependence on fossil fuels‬‬
‫‪118‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
11/19/2023
How renewable energy can help ‫كيف يمكن للطاقة المتجددة أن تساعد‬
address climate change? ‫في التصدي لتغير المناخ؟‬
3. Mitigate climate impacts: 4. Increase energy access
119
How renewable energy can contribute to ‫كيف يمكن للطاقة المتجددة أن تساهم‬
job creation and energy dependence? ‫ر‬
‫ف خلق فرص العمل واالستقالل الطاف؟‬
5. Create jobs and stimulate

economic growth
6. Enable energy independence
120
60
11/19/2023
Future trends and innovations ‫االتجاهات واالبتكارات المستقبلية ف‬

in renewable energy ‫مجال الطاقة المتجددة‬
Here's a short list of future trends and innovations in renewable energy:
1. Energy storage solutions: 2. Smart grid technology
121
Future trends and innovations ‫االتجاهات واالبتكارات المستقبلية ف‬

in renewable energy ‫مجال الطاقة المتجددة‬
Here's a short list of future trends and innovations in renewable energy:
3. Offshore wind power 4. Solar innovation:
122
61
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫‪Future trends and innovations‬‬ ‫االتجاهات واالبتكارات المستقبلية ف‬

‫‪in renewable energy‬‬ ‫مجال الطاقة المتجددة‬
‫‪5. Bioenergy innovation‬‬
‫‪123‬‬
‫‪Future trends and innovations‬‬ ‫االتجاهات واالبتكارات المستقبلية ف‬

‫‪in renewable energy‬‬ ‫مجال الطاقة المتجددة‬
‫‪6. Bioenergy innovations under study.‬‬
‫‪124‬‬
‫‪62‬‬
11/19/2023
‫كيف سيتحول‬
‫العالم نحو‬
‫االعتماد عىل‬
‫الطاقة الخضاء‬
ً
‫تماما بحلول‬
‫؟‬2030 ‫العام‬
125
Important Statements ‫تضيحات مهمة‬

Renewable resources will naturally replenish ‫إن الموارد المتجددة للطاقة سوف تتجدد بشكل‬
themselves over time, like wind, solar, plants, ‫ والطاقة الشمسية‬، ‫ مثل الرياح‬، ‫طبيع بمرور الوقت‬
trees, etc. Non-renewable will be gone forever ‫ ر‬.‫ وما إىل ذلك‬، ‫ واألشجار‬، ‫ والنباتات‬،
‫وسيول الموارد‬
once used, like coal, fuel, etc. Understanding ‫ مثل‬، ‫غي المتجددة إىل األبد بمجرد استخدامها‬
the difference is key to managing natural ‫ إن فهم االختالف‬.‫ وما إىل ذلك‬، ‫الفحم والوقود‬
resources for the future. .‫بينهما هو مفتاح إدارة الموارد الطبيعية للمستقبل‬
Michigan State University ‫جامعة والية ميشيغان‬
Energy mix concept: It is

a policy that aims to balance the use of non-renewable and renewable energy sources. The
idea is to use a combination of energy sources that can provide reliable and affordable energy
while reducing greenhouse gas emissions1. According to Our World in Data, in 2019, almost
16% of global primary energy came from low-carbon sources. Low-carbon sources are the sum
of nuclear energy and renewables – which includes hydropower, wind, solar, bioenergy,
geothermal and wave and tidal2.
126
63
11/19/2023
What is the real threat of the economy dependence on fossil energy in Libya?
‫ر‬
‫الحقيق نتيجة العتماد االقتصاد عىل الطاقة األحفورية ف ليبيا؟‬ ‫ما هو التهديد‬
What threatens the continuity of dependence of ‫إن ما يهدد استمرارية اعتماد االقتصادعىل الوقود‬
the economy on fossil fuels in Libya is not the ‫ بل‬،‫األحفوري ف ليبيا ليس نضوب االحتياطيات‬
depletion of reserves, but rather the decreasing ‫ وذلك بالنظر‬،‫تناقص القيمة واضمحالل الجدوى‬
value and diminishing feasibility, given the ‫بشوط االستدامة كحماية‬ ‫لتنام االهتمام العالم ر‬
growing global interest in sustainability .‫ واالستقرار اإلقتصادي‬،‫ وأمن الطاقة‬،‫البيئة‬
conditions such as environmental protection,
energy security, and economic stability. ‫ قاسم الزين‬/‫د‬
‫جامعة سبها‬
Dr. Gassem Azzain,
Sebha University
(AI) The Artificial Intelligence answering!
That's a very insightful statement. The world is indeed moving towards sustainability conditions
such as environmental protection, energy security, and economic stability. The use of
renewable energy sources is becoming more popular as people become more aware of the
impact of fossil fuels on the environment. Renewable energy sources are sustainable and can
help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They are also becoming more affordable and accessible.
‫االستراتيجية‬
AI Artificial ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج‬
Intelligence
127
Worthwhile to say ‫قول جدير بالذكر‬

“Our dependence on fossil fuels ‫ر‬
‫إن اعتمادنا عىل الوقود األحفوري يرف إىل‬
amounts to global pyromania,
،‫مستوى الهوس العالم بإشعال الحرائق‬
and the only fire extinguisher ‫وطفاية الحريق الوحيدة ر‬
‫الت لدينا وتحت تضفنا‬
we have at our disposal is
.‫ه الطاقة المتجددة‬
renewable energy.”
Herman Scheer ‫هيمان شي‬
The author of “Solar Economy “ book "‫مؤلف كتاب "اقتصاد الطاقة الشمسية‬
winner of the Alternative Nobel Prize ‫الفائز بجائزة نوبل البديلة ف الطاقات المتجددة‬
128
64
‫‪11/19/2023‬‬
‫‪Energy Technology‬‬
‫‪End of Unit 3‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫حظا موفقا للجميع‬
‫‪129‬‬
‫‪65‬‬

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11/19/2023

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Prepared & Reviewed

Dr. Abdussalam Ahmed

‫‪The Renewable Energies the‬‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫‪Renewable Energy Sources‬‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫‪Why some energy sources‬‬

‫‪What are these Nonrenewable‬‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Why Other sources of energy

What are these Renewable

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Non-renewable Energy sources

What are the nonrenewable and renewable energies?

Overview ‫نظرة شاملة‬

1.Solar Energy 2.Wind Energy

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Overview ‫نظرة شاملة‬

3.Geothermal Energy 4.Hydroelectric Energy

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Overview ‫نظرة شاملة‬

5.Biomass Energy 6.Ocean Energy

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Overview ‫نظرة شاملة‬

What is the function of hydrogen in

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

What are the Impacts of Renewable Energy utilization on the environment?

1. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions: 2. Improved air quality:

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

What are the Impacts of Renewable Energy utilization on the environment?

3. Preservation of natural resources: 4. Reduced water usage:

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

What are the Impacts of Renewable Energy utilization on the environment?

1. Job creation: 2. Energy security:

The 4 A’s of Energy Security

What are the Impacts of Renewable Energy utilization on the environment?

3. Increased competition: 4. Attraction of investment:

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Fossil fuels vs Renewable (Emissions and Land use)

How (Nonrenewable and Renewable) energy sources can be classified according

• It reduces greenhouse gas emissions, improves air

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬

Transitioning to Renewable Energy presents various

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫‪Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy‬‬ ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬

‫‪2. Grid instability:‬‬ ‫‪3. Storage:‬‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

‫‪Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy‬‬ ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬

‫‪4. Political will:‬‬ ‫‪5. Public resistance:‬‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

Challenges in transitioning to Renewable Energy ‫تحديات االنتقال إىل الطاقة المتجددة‬

What are the main challenges that are facing the

The worldwide trend ‫التوجه العالم‬

Net renewable electricity capacity additions

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

The worldwide trend ‫التوجه العالم‬

‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة @ مكتب البرامج االستراتيجية‬

The worldwide trend ‫التوجه العالم‬