, ww eee 1+ In homes, companies or on the street, obesity is a ‘global epidemic,” according to the World Health Organization. Two thirds of American adults and one third of school-age children are either overweight or obese (defined as extremely overweight). These proportions have been rising steeply. Since 11960 the population of overweight and obese adults increased by roughly 50 percent, and the corresponding increase for children was 300 percent. Compounding the problem, obesity rates in other countries are rapidly approaching those in the U.S. What is causing this pandemic, and what can we do about it? Researchers have provided some tentative answers that confront commonly held beliefs. 2. Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to a lack of self-control or willpower. It is true that obese people are often unable to adequately control their eating. But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be explained is why they cannot exercise self-control. Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely tell their obese patients to restrict what they eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on Web sites, and commercial weight-loss programs also encourage people to eat Jess and exercise more, Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within ‘year, and almost all have put back the pounds within five years. 3-Itis true that many people are predisposed to gain weight because of their genetic makeup. But genetic factors cannot account for the sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity in society. The genes within a population relevant to weight do not change appreciably in 50 years. Some psychological factors may also play a role in obesity, including impulsivity, anxiety and a tendency among some people to eat during negative emotional states. But here, too, there is no reason to believe that these characteristics have become more prevalentin recent decades. Therefore, genetic and psychological factors cannot account for the rise in obesity. Results ofa large number of studies support the conclusion that the environment has a powerful influence on our eating behaviors. Yale University psychologist Kelly D. Brown-ell has used the term “toxic environment” to refer to this, new dietary atmosphere, which is characterized by pervasive exposure to food that is energy-dense, heavily marketed, cheap and widely accessible, accompanied by sedentarism. DUE) ed eed GLOSSARY‘Apostila | TEAP QUESTION 1 . ~ Which statement is true, according to the text? (4) Q Heaith care professionals believe that obese people should exercise more in their routine © Willpower is very important for health care professionals, doctors and therapists nowadays. Q Toccontrol thelr eating, obese people usually exercise adequately ther sl-cntral or wilpower © obesityis a world epidemic that should be attacked: ‘seriously by all governments and doctors. © Obese people usually have problems with self-control, but itis not the only cause of obesity. QUESTION 2 ies Se Wie OR 20TH et us |. In homes, companies or on the street, obesity is a “global epidemic,” according to the World Health Organization. Two thirds of American adults and one third of school-age children are either Qverweightor obese (defined as extremely overweight). These proportions have been rising steeply. Since 1960 the population of overweight and obese adults increased by roughly 50 percent, and the corresponding increase for children was 300 percent. Compounding the problem, obesity rates in other countries are rapidly approaching those in the U.S. What is causing this pandemic, and what can we do about it? Researchers have provided some tentative answers that confront commonly held beliefs. Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence. (3) © the population increased 300 percent of children and 50 percent of adults The increase of obesity among children is much higher than among adults. 50 percent of adults are obese now because they were obese when children. The obese population in 1960 increased 50% for adults and 300% for children. There is no corresponding increase of obese and overweight people since 1960. rorp FL id DUOMO HHA HH mn nM |OU eee a a a aod QUESTION 3 2 Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to 2 la¢k of self-control or willpower. itis true that obese people are often unable to adequately control their eating, But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be ‘explained is why they cannot exercise self-control. Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely tell their obese patients to restrict what they eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on Web sites, and commercial weight-loss programs also encourage people to eat less and exercise more. Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within a yar, and almost ll have put back the pounds within five years. jich of the The word “lack”, highlighted in the text, is closest in meaning to wi alternatives? (2) O Absence O Level O increase O option O connection QUESTION 4 2- Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to a lack of self-control or willpower, Itis true that abese people are often unable to adequately control their eating. But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be explained is why they cannot exercise self-control. Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely tell their obese patients to restrict what they eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on. Web sites, and commercial weight-loss programs also encourage people to eat less and exercise ‘more. Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within a year, and almost all have put back the pounds within five years. The pronoun “thei @) © People O Professionals O obesity O Sett-control or willpower © obese people highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives?iP) ‘Apostila | TEAP QUESTION 5 poner Biseee ep 2-Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to @ lack of self-control or willpower. Itis true that obese people are often unable to adequately control their eating, But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be explained is why they cannot exercise self-control. Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely tell their obese patients to restrict what thy eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on Web sites, and commercial weightloss programs also encourage people to eat less and exercise more. Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within a year, and almost all have put back the pounds within five years. mmr ro oe om oP oe or The pronoun’“they”, highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives? (3) ™ ™ OQ sett-controt doctors and therapists O obese patients = Q diet books O articles e é £ QUESTION 6 4 sete z 2- Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to d 4 lack of self-control or willpower. It is true that obese people are often unable to adequately control = their eating, But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be P ‘explained is why they cannot exercise self-control, Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely & tell their obese patients to restrict what they eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on : Web sites, and commercial weight-loss programs also encourage people to eat less and exercise ‘more. Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within a year, and almost all have put back the pounds within five years. Which statement is true, according to this part of the text? (4) © Diet books, articles and weight-loss programs are the best options to lose weight effectively © Most people who lose weight have to stay on a diet for one year, but the best is five years. © when people use programs to lose weight, the chances of long-term success are low. O For people who depend on self-control to lose weight, the best solution is to work more. © two-thirds of the people who are on a diet for one year need to continue for five years more.vevevd dea a aaa QUESTION 7 Sues 3- Its true that many people are predisposed to gain weight because of their genetic MakeUp. But genetic factors cannot account for the sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity in society. The genes within a population relevant to weight do not change appreciably in 50 years. Some psychological factors may also play a role in obesity, including impulsivity, anxiety and a tendency among some people to eat during negative emotional states. But here, too, there is no reason to believe that these characteristics have become more prevalentiin recent decades. Therefore, genetic ‘and psychological factors cannot account for the rise in obesity. Results of alarge number of studies ‘support the conclusion that the environment has a powerful influence on our eating behaviors. Yale University psychologist Kelly D. Brownell has used the term “toxic environment” to refer to this ‘new dietary atmosphere, which is characterized by pervasive exposure to food that s energy-dense, heavily marketed, cheap and widely accessible, accompanied by sedentarism. The word "makeup", highlighted in the text, is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? (2) O intensity O Analysis: O Hypothesis O structure O Direction QUESTION 8 "ee 3 It is true that many people are predisposed to gain weight because of their genetic makeup. But genetic factors cannot account for the sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity in society. The genes within a population relevant to weight do not change appreciably in 5O years. Some Psychological factors may also play a role in obesity, including impulsivity, anxiety and a tendency among some people to eat during negative emotional states. But here, too, there is no reason to believe that these characteristics have become more prevalentin recent decades. Therefore, genetic ‘and psychological factors cannot account forthe rise n obesity. Results ofa large number of studies support the conclusion that the environment has a powerful influence on our eating behaviors. Yale University psychologist Kelly D. Brownell has used the term “toxic environment" to refer to this new dietary atmosphere, which is characterized by pervasive exposure to food that is energy-dense, heavily marketed, cheap and widely accessible, accompanied by sedentarism. Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence. @) There are other causes for the great number of obese people in our society. O Genetic characteristics are some of the most relevant factors for obesity O The prevatence of obesity in society caused a sharp increase in genetic factors. O inour society, obese people usually eat more and do not exercise frequently. O The increase in the prevalence of obesity in society should not be considered.‘Apostila | TEAP QUESTIONS 3- It is true that many people are predisposed to gain weight because of their genetic makeup. But genetic factors cannot account for the sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity in society The genes within a population relevant to weight do not change appreciably in 50 years. Some psychological factors may also play a role in obesity, including impulsivity, anxiety and a tendency among some people to eat during negative emotional states. But here, too, there is no reason to believe that these characteristics have become more prevalent in recent decades, Therefore, genetic and psychological factors cannot account for the rise in obesity. Results of alarge number of studies support the conclusion that the environment has a powerful influence on our eating behaviors. Yale University psychologist Kelly D. Brown-ell has used the term “toxic environment" to refer to this new dietary atmosphere, which is characterized by pervasive exposure to food thatis energy-dense, heavily marketed, cheap and widely accessible, accompanied by sedentarism. Which statement is true, according to this part of the text? (4) CO The prevalence of obesity among people has caused a “toxic environment" in our society. O Foods that are energy-dense and cheap affect the way people exercise, causing sedentarism. © Our eating behaviors are affected by the atmosphere and sedentarism, according to studies. O Theexposure to different foods affect the environment and may cause atmospheric problems. © According to studies, the environment where we live affects what we eat and how we eat. RrmmmrmmnmnmnPrenP ea eRe asa oe gWaa aaa aaa aa aad QUESTION 10 In homes, companies or on the street, obesity is a “global epidemic,” according to the World Health Organization. Two thirds of American adults and one third of school-age children are either overweight or obese (defined as extremely overweight). These proportions have been rising steeply. Since 1960 the population of overweight and obese adults increased by roughly 50 percent, and the corresponding increase for children was 300 percent. Compounding the problem, obesity rates in other countries are rapidly approaching those in the U.S. What s causing this pandemic, and what can we do about it? Researchers have provided some tentative answers that confront commonly held beliefs, Many people, including health care professionals, believe that obesity can be attributed simply to a lack of self-control or willpower. Itis true that obese people are often unable to adequately control their eating, But lack of self-control is merely a description, not an explanation. What remains to be explained is why they cannot exercise self-control. Nevertheless, doctors and therapists routinely tell their obese patients to restrict what they eat. Diet books, articles in health magazines and on Web sites, and commercial weight-loss programs also encourage people to eat less and exercise more. Unfortunately, approaches based on self-control do not seem to work very well. Further, two thirds of those who slim down in weight-loss programs regain their weight within a year, and almost all have put back the pounds within five years. Itis true that many people are predisposed to gain weight because of their genetic makeup. But ‘genetic factors cannot account for the sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity in society. The genes within a population relevant to weight do not change appreciably in 50 years. Some psychological factors may also play a role in obesity, including impulsivity, anxiety and a tendency among some people to eat during negative emotional states. But here, too, there is no reason to believe that these characteristics have become more prevalent in recent decades. Therefore, genetic and psychological factors cannot account for the rise in obesity. Results of a large number of studies support the conclusion that the environment has a powerful influence on our eating behaviors. Yale University psychologist Kelly D. Brown-ell has used the term “toxic environment” to refer to this, new dietary atmosphere, which is characterized by pervasive exposure to food that is energy-dense, heavily marketed, cheap and widely accessible, accompanied by sedentarism. ——— Rt sero Pon era Set GLOSSARY Cee ‘What is the main idea of the text? (5) © Obesity is caused mainly by a lack of self-control or willpower, which makes people eat too much, CO The increase of obesity in our society in the last decades is caused by several different factors. O The food industry putin the marketlow-quality foods, which has caused the prevalence of obesity. © obese people have health problems, which forces the governmentto invest more on prevention. O is important to alert our society about the danger of eating foods with low nutritional benefits.