Rani Laxmi Bai Memorial School

Sec -3,Vikas Nagar,Lucknow

Chemistry Assignment

Topic : To Check Presence Of Protien

In Different Food Stuff

1. Name : Tanishq Shrivastava

2. Class : XI – A2

3. Father’s Name : Vipin Shrivastava

4. Roll No. : 40
Acknowledgement

This project is a opportunity for us take part in

a wonderful Activity.
This makes us aware of our surroundings and
let's us to go through insights of foods that we
eat.
I would like to thank our honourable Principal
ma’am Mrs. Neelam Shukla ma'am and our Mrs
Shweta Ma'am for providing us with such an
amazing activity.
I would like to take part in such Activity more
often and would like to learn more and more. I
would like to thank our school management and
teachers for giving us such an interesting
project to hone our knowledge and sharpen our
observation skills .
What are Proteins?
Proteins are the essential biomolecules, consisting of one or more
long chains of amino acid residues. They are large
macromolecules, which play a vital role in growth and
development, therefore it is called as the building blocks of the
body. They are the class of biologically important compounds
with high molecular weight.

Proteins are perhaps the most complex organic materials

produced in nature. Plants build up their proteins from carbon
dioxide, water, and minerals in the presence of sunlight, whereas
animals derive it from eating plants.

Among various types of proteins, Albumin and globulin are the

two different types of protein present in our blood cells, and they
play an important role in :

Protecting the immune system.

Maintaining the oncotic pressure of the blood plasma.

Prevents the fluid from leaking out of the blood vessels.

 It helps in the transportation of ions, lipids, and other
hormones.

Theory :

Proteins are the main constituents of all living cells and are the
building blocks of life. They play an essential role in the growth
and development of cells and tissues. Proteins have a high
molecular mass, long chain polymer, composed of α-amino acids
and contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sometimes
phosphorus and sulfur.

The following are the simple tests carried to find the

presence of proteins in the given food samples:-

1. Biuret test
The compounds with peptide linkage undergo this test. Proteins
are polypeptides of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
An alkaline solution of protein is treated with a drop of aqueous
copper sulfate and a bluish violet color is obtained.

Note: Formation of violet coloration confirms the presence

of Proteins.
2. Xanthoproteic test
Proteins on treatment with nitric acid give a yellow or orange
color. Concentrated nitric acid is used for nitration. On the
treatment of nitric acid, proteins give yellow precipitate which
turns to orange color on treatment with alkali.

Note: The appearance of a yellow color solution confirms

the presence of proteins.

3. Millions test
Phenolic group of tyrosine of proteins reacts with mercuric
sulfate in the presence of sodium nitrite and sulfuric acid to give
red color. Millon’s test is given by proteins containing phenolic
amino acids. Gelatin does not give this test. First, a white
precipitate is formed when proteins are treated with millions
reagent and then turns to brick-red color on boiling, this confirms
the presence of proteins.

Note: The appearance of brick red color solution confirms

the presence of proteins.

4. Ninhydrin test
Proteins react with pyridine solution of ninhydrin and change to a
colored solution from a deep blue to violet-pink or sometimes
even to a red color. Ninhydrin solution is prepared by dissolving
0.1gm of ninhydrin in about 100ml of distilled water. But this
solution of ninhydrin is unstable and can be kept for two days.
Note: The appearance of violet color solution confirms the
presence of proteins.
 Aim
To perform a simple test to identify the presence of proteins in the
given plant and animals food sample.

Materials Required:
 Stirrer
 Distilled water
 Bunsen burner
 Test tube holder
 Clean and dried test tubes
 Food sample – Milk, Apple, Paneer, Butter, Cheese, etc.
 If you are using a solid sample like paneer, or apple, first
crush or grind into a smooth paste using mortar and pestle.

Chemical required:
 Nitric acid
 Sulfuric acid
 Sodium nitrite
 Mercuric sulfate
 Pyridine solution
 Ninhydrin reagent
 Sodium hydroxide
 Copper sulfate solution
 Biuret reagent solution or solution of copper sulfate and
caustic soda.
Procedure
(a) Biuret Test:

Take a cleaned and dried test tube.

Add the food samples of your choice into the test tubes.
Add 2ml of sodium hydroxide and 5 to 6 drops of copper sulfate
solution to it.
Shake the test tube gently to mix the ingredients thoroughly and
allow the mixture to stand for 4 – 5 minutes.
If there is the appearance of bluish- violet color, it indicates the
presence of protein.

(b) Xanthoproteic Test:

Take a cleaned and dried test tube.

Add the food samples of your choice into the test tubes.
Add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid and shake the test
tube.
Heat the test tube gently on a Bunsen burner.
If there is a formation of yellow precipitate, then the presence of
protein is confirmed.
 (c) Millions Test:

Take a cleaned and dried test tube.

Add the food samples of your choice into the test tubes.
Add 2-3 drops of Millon’s reagent and shake well.
Observe the change.
If there is the formation of white precipitate or if the sample
changes to brick red on heating then the presence of protein is
confirmed.

(d) Ninhydrin Test:

Take a cleaned and dried test tube.

Add the food samples of your choice into the test tubes.
Add 1-2ml of ninhydrin solution to it and shake the test tube.
Boil the mixture and observe the change.
If there is the appearance of deep blue or purple color then the
presence of protein is confirmed.
Test of Proteins:

Observation and Inference

 test Observations

1) Biuret test The appearance of bluish- violet

color confirms the presence of
Proteins.

2) Xanthoproteic test The appearance of yellow color

confirms the presence of proteins.
Millions test The appearance of
brick red color confirms the
presence of proteins.

3) Ninhydrin test The appearance of deep blue or purple

color confirms the presence of
proteins.

The result is positive.

Result :
The given food sample – Milk, Apple, Paneer, Butter, Cheese, etc
contains proteins in it.
The protein test is used to measure the total amount of protein
present in the given blood samples. Usually, Doctors prescribe
this test if a patient is suffering from any of the food deficiency
diseases or other disorders like fatigue, weight loss, kidney or
liver disease, etc.

Precautions:

Use droppers to take the reagents from the bottle.

Wear lab aprons and hand gloves during the experiment.
While performing the experiment handle chemicals with care.
Refer to the lab manual before beginning with the experiment.
Be careful while handling chemicals and other acidic solutions.
This was a simple experiment which is used to check for the
presence of protein and peptide bonds in a protein

Bibliography:
Textbooks:
  NCERT
 GUIDEBOOKS
Internet:
 Wikipedia
 Byjus
 Unacademy

Assessment:
Timely Submission : ___________
Neatness : _________________
Accuracy : _________________
Remarks : __________________

Teachers sign : _____________