A) Title:

B) Full name of Author and Adviser:

Author: Sandro Rico Muyco
Adviser: Engr. Jeraldine D. Calangi
C) Program of Year Level:
BS Chemical Engineering IV
D) Problem Description:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most well-known antibiotic-
resistant pathogens that causes skin-infections such as boils, skin, and impetigo.
[Insert graph and cases of MRSA infection]
Silver nanoparticles has multiple pathways of antibacterial activity which can solve the
antibiotic resistance of MRSA.
[Insert pictures of AgNPs antibacterial activity]
Different ways to synthesize AgNPs
1. Physical- Low Yield and Energy consumption
2. Chemical – Use of Toxic Chemicals
3. Biosynthesis using Plants – resources are available, speed, high yield, absence of toxic
chemicals

E) Related Studies employing the Technology:

Rose-synthesized AgNPs >>> E. coli and S. aureus
Gumamela >>> A. hydropila
Apple >>> K. pneumoniae & A. niger
Papaya >>> E. coli and P. aeruginosa
However, all most plants used in biosynthesis of AgNPs have conventional uses in the society

F) Definition of technology:
Artillery weed (Pilea microphylla) is an invasive plant that is widely distributed in the
Philippines.
 Pictures of Artillery weed and its harms

Studies show that it contains phytochemicals such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. that can
reduce silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles. Hence, it has a potential to biosynthesis AgNPs.

The synthesis is affected by the three parameters:

a. AgNO3 concentration b. Volume of Artillery Weed Extract c. pH

The AgNPs that will be produced will be used as antibacterial substance against MRSA

G) Objectives

The study aims to

a. biosynthesize AgNPs using Artillery weed extract (AW-AgNPs)
b. determine the effect of the AgNO3 concentration, AW volume, and pH in the
biosynthesis of AgNPs
c. optimize the 3 parameters in the biosynthesis of AW-AgNPs
d. Apply the AW-AgNPs against MRSA using antibacterial assays (Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration)

H) Method:
General Method:
Plant Extraction – Parametric Study – Optimization – Antibacterial Tests –
Characterization - Purification
Biosynthesis Process

Step 1: Fill the conical flasks with 25 mL of varying AgNO3 concentration.

Step 2: Heat and stir the flasks in a stirrer hot plate at 60 ℃ at 300 rpm for 5 minutes.
Step 3: Add varying volumes of AW extract to each flask at dropwise.
Step 4: Vary the pH of the solutions by adding 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH.
Step 5: Incubate the flasks in the oven at 60℃ for 24 hours.
Step 6: Analyze the absorbance at 300-700 nm wavelength using UV-Vis
Step 7. Record the Maximum Absorbance of each AW-AgNPs solution.
Step 8: Optimize using BBD
Step 9: Purify the optimized AW-AgNPs using centrifuge
Step 10: Characterize:
 Insert equipment for Characterization:
UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM-EDS
Antibacterial tests:
[Insert Picture]
MIC – lowest concentration of AgNPs that can inhibit growth of MRSA
MBC - lowest concentration of AgNPs that can kill the MRSA

I) Future of technology:
Significance [images]
H) Reference List:
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