Geography Ch- 6 Manufacturing Industries

Questions and Answers

• Read the chapter carefully.

Q1. What is manufacturing?

Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called
manufacturing.

Q2. “The Economic strength of a country is measured by the development of Manufacturing Industries” Justify the
statement. ( Very Important)
Or
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in
particular. Explain.
Or
Why are Manufacturing Industries important for economic development of a country?
• Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture.
• It helps in the eradication of unemployment and poverty, as it provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
• It helps in prospering the country by giving a boost to the economy.
• Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are
prosperous.

Q3. “Agriculture and Industry are not exclusive to each other. “Justify the statement.

• The agro based Industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Agro Based Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials. E.g. Cotton, jute etc.
• Industries sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, tools etc. to the farmers.

Q4. Classify Industries into different categories.

• On the basis of raw material- Agro based and mineral based
• On the basis of role – Basic industry and consumer industries
• On the basis of Size- Large scale, small scale and cottage industries
• On the basis of ownership- Public sector, private sector, joint sector, cooperative sector, MNCs
• On the basis weight of raw material and finished good- Light industry and Heavy Industry.

Q5. What is an Agro-based Industries?

Cotton, jute, silk, woolen textiles, sugar and edible oil, etc. industries are known as agro-based Industries
because they obtain their raw material from agriculture sector.

Q6 “The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian Economy”. Justify the statement.
• It is the only industry in India, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the
highest value-added products
• It contributes significantly to industrial production.
• Help in employment generation -it is second largest after agriculture.
• It helps in earning foreign exchange.
• It contributes 4 % towards GDP.
Q7. Why were cotton textile industries concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and
Gujrat in the early years?
• Availability of raw cotton • Labour
• Market • Moist climate
• Transport including accessible port facilities.
(The students are expected to explain the above points with the help of examples.)
Q8. “Cotton Textiles has a close link with agriculture”. Explain with example.
This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in
ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. It supports many other industries, such
as, chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works.

Q9. What are the factors that influence the location of Jute Textiles along the banks of the Hugli River?
Factors responsible for the location of jute in the Hugli basin
• Proximity of the jute producing areas
• Inexpensive water transport supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitates
movement of raw materials.
• Abundant water for processing raw jute
• Cheap Labour from west bangle and adjoining state of bihar, orrisa and uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata as a large urban centre providing banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

Q10. Write a short note on sugar industries.

• India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of Gur and
Khandsari.
• This industry is seasonal in nature.
• it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector

Q11. Why is the ideal location of sugar mills near the sugarcane producing area?
The sugar, mills are located near the sugarcane producing area because the raw material used in this industry is
bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces.

Q12. Why are the sugar industries expanding in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra?
• This is because the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content.
• The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
• The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Q13. Why is Iron and Steel Industry known as basic industry?

Iron and steel are known as the basic industry as all the other industries – heavy, medium and light, depend on it
for their machinery.

Q14. Why is iron Industry also known as heavy industry?

lt is considered as a heavy industry because all the raw materials, as well as finished goods, are heavy and bulky
entailing heavy transportation costs.

Q15. Why the Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
• Low cost of iron ore, high grade raw material is available in close proximity.
• Cheap labour from nearby areas.
• Good means of transportation like railways, road and ports.
• Vast growth potential in the home Market

Q16. Write a short note on Aluminium Smelting plants?

Smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils
and wires. Bauxite is the raw material used in the smelters.
Aluminium Smelting has gained popularity as a substitute for steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of
industries. It exhibits the following properties:
• Light in weight
• Resistant to corrosion
• A good conductor of heat
 • Malleable
• Becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.

Q17. What are the two factors that influence the location of Aluminum smelting plants?
• Raw material as the raw material used in the smelters is a very bulky.
• Regular supply of electricity.

Q18. Write a short note on Chemical Industries.

Or
Chemical Industry is it’s own largest consumer. Justify the statement.
The Chemical industry comprises both large- and small-scale manufacturing units. Rapid
growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda.
Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber,
plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Q19. Write a short note on Fertilizer Industry.

The fertilizer industries are centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea), phosphatic
fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen (N),
phosphate (P), and potash (K). Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half of
the fertilizer production.

Q20. Write a short note on Cement Industry.

Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and
for other commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica
and gypsum.

Q21. Write a short note on Automobile Industry.

This industry deals with the manufacturing of trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and
multi-utility vehicles. These industries are located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,
Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

Q20. Write a short note on Information Technology and Electronics Industry.

The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular
telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipment required by the
telecommunication industry. This industry has generated employment in India. Bengaluru is known as the
electronic capital of India.

Q21. How do Industrial Pollution environment?

Industries are responsible for 5 types of pollution:
• Air pollution is caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and
carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants,
and burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution. It adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and
the atmosphere as a whole.
• Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. The
industries which are mainly responsible for water pollution are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing,
petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries.
• Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and
ponds before cooling.
• Land/ soil pollution- Industries that produce solid waste materials like glass, plastic, etc. These materials are
nonbiodegradable materials that pollute the soil.
 • Noise pollution is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. It results
in irritation, anger, cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure

Q22. Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industries.

Some ways through which industrial pollution can be reduced:
• Minimising the use of water by reusing and recycling it.
• Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirements.
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
• Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators,
fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
• Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
• Machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.

Q23. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?

• By minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
• Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs
to be regulated legally.

Map Activity: -
Manufacturing Industries (Locating and Labelling only)
• Cotton Textile Industries:
a. Mumbai
b. Indore
c. Surat
d. Kanpur
e. Coimbatore
• Iron and Steel Plants:
a. Durgapur
b. Bokaro
c. Jamshedpur
d. Bhilai
e. Vijayanagar
f. Salem
● Software Technology Parks:
a. Noida
b. Gandhinagar
c. Mumbai
d. Pune
e. Hyderabad,
f. Bengaluru
g. Chennai.
h. Thiruvananthapuram
Note: Items of Locating and Labelling may also be
given for Identification.