Vadim Fong 0140129063

NCEA L2 Chemisty 91164

Demonstrate understanding of bonding, structure, properties and energy changes
Q.1

(a)

(i)

The process is endothermic, because of the negative amount of energy it take to from the
product.

(ii)

On Paper

(iii)

On Paper

(b)

The oxygen atom has 4 side of electron density, but it has 2 nonboning regions and only 2
bonding region one boing the a Hydrogen atom, the other boning to the carbon. All the
carbon have 4 areas of boning region. All bonded to other atom. The carbon is less electron
negative than the oxygen, but because all bonding reason are connected, thay both have the
same bond angle.

(i)

On paper

(ii)
The evaporation of ethanol is endothermic reaction, it takes energy from environment to
break bonds. This take negative energy. In order for ethanol to evaporate. Ethanol must
break bond in order to go from a liquid to a gas. This is why, when it evaporates, the
environment becomes colder.

Q.2

(a)

On paper

(b)

(i)
On paper
 Vadim Fong 0140129063
NCEA L2 Chemisty 91164
Demonstrate understanding of bonding, structure, properties and energy changes

(ii)
On Paper

(iii)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is Non-polar. Its a symmetrical Ion both vertically and horizontally. The
two atom on the side of the carbon atom are the same, so therefore have the same
electronegativity. The O=C bond are also shown to have 180 degree bonding angle. Thus
making it Non-polar.

Water (H20) however, is Polar. Although it is symmetrical vertically, it is not horizontally And
because the O-H bonds are bent. This creates relatively strong bond dipoles. Making water
Polar.

©
(i)

Carbon monoxide Ion Ions Ionic bonds

Palladium Metalic Metals Delocalized sea of

elelcetrons

(ii)

Palladium is a Metalic solid, with Metal particle. With a Delocalized sea of electrons. Due to
its strong metallic bonds. Palladium has a high melting point. Thus being able to be exposed
to high temperature with out melting.

Q.3

(a)

On paper

(b)

(i)

On paper

(ii)

On paper

©
 Vadim Fong 0140129063
NCEA L2 Chemisty 91164
Demonstrate understanding of bonding, structure, properties and energy changes

Lithium bromide, is a ionic solid. With ionic bonds, held together with strong ionic forces,
Ionic solids only conduet elecltriy in a motel state.

Carbonic dibromide, is a molceucler solid. With weak molecular bonds, held together with
weak molecular forces. Molceculer solid can not conduct electricity.

(d)

Like dissolves Like, Lithium bromide is polar. Which can be pull apart by polar solvent, due
to the eletroneativly of the two. The negative side of one. Pulls to the positive side of the
other. And vice visa. This is not the same for non-polar substances like the cyclohexane.
With does not have entought electron magnetic force to pull apart the polar substance.