Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fundamental Principles of
Exposure and Image
Evaluation
COURSE OUTLINE:
V. Fundamental Principles of Exposure
COURSE OUTLINE:
V. Fundamental Principles of Exposure
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COURSE OUTLINE:
VI. Image Evaluation
1. Evidence of appropriate exposure level (exposure indicator range)
1.1. Exposure indicator range
1.2. Noise
1.2.1. Computer noise
1.2.2. Electronic noise
1.2.3. Material mottle
1.2.4. Quantum mottle
2. Contrast
3. Recorded detail
4. Artifacts
4.1. Patient
4.2. Equipment
4.3. Exposure
4.4. Processing
4.5. Moiré effect 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
◼ Milliampere-seconds (mAs)
❑ Controls the radiographic density
❑ Controls the quantity of x-rays produced
❑ Controls the duration of exposure
❑ Quantity of exposure is directly proportional to exposure time
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◼ Collimation
❑ Affects the radiographic contrast
❑ Restricts the field of view
❑ Reduced the patient dose
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◼ Grid
❑ Affects the radiographic contrast
❑ Reduced the scattered radiation
❑ Increases the patient dose
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Technique
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Pathology
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Image Quality
• Is the exactness of the representation of
the patient’s anatomy
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Recorded Detail
• Other names:
- detail
-sharpness of detail
-definition
-resolution
-degree of noise
- visibility of detail
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Contrast Resolution
• Is the ability to distinguish anatomic
structures of similar subject contrast. Ex:
liver-spleen, gray matter-white matter
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“Noise”
• Borrowed from electrical engineering
• Audio noise = hum or flutter heard from a
stereo
• Video noise = “snow” on a TV
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QUANTUM MOTTLE
Not enough PHOTONS – can create a mottled or grainy
image - MORE COMMON IN CR SYSTEMS
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Radiographic noise
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Quantum mottle
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F/S vs Digital
Dynamic Range
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Sampling Frequency
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Nyquist Frequency
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Questions?
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REFERENCES:
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