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AQA GCSE Chemistry (Separate Science) Unit 8 Chemical Analysis Higher Revision Activity Mat
a c e h
Define a pure substance. What does chromatography separate? What is the Rf value of the following chromatogram? What gas does this experiment test for?

The distance moved by substance B is 30mm and the

distance moved by solvent A is 52mm.

How can you distinguish a pure substance from an

impure substance?
PO P!

What will happen to the above if there are impurities in

the sample?
Describe how the process works. Use the diagram to help.

What are the 2 phases of chromatography? f

i
1. What gas does this experiment test for?
b
What is a formulation?

Complete the word equation for calculating

the Rf value.
2.

Rf =
Give some everyday examples of where formulations
are used.
How does the Rf value allow you to identify a substance?
1.

2.
g
Describe the test for oxygen.
3.
d
What colour does litmus go if chlorine is present?
4.

5. What colour does the limewater go if the gas is present?

6.

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AQA GCSE Chemistry (Separate Science) Unit 8 Chemical Analysis Higher Revision Activity Mat
a g
Match the metal to the colour flame it produces by connecting with a straight line. Look at the spectroscopy results below.

lithium sodium potassium calcium copper

Ca2+

Mg2+

Al³+

Fe3+

X
b
Transition metal compounds produce coloured precipitates when mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. Complete the
table to show the colour of the different precipitates.
Which metal ions are contained in sample X?
Transition Metal Ion Precipitate Colour
+ + +
Al³ , Ca² , Mg² white
+
Cu²

+
Fe²

+
Fe³

c e
Why are instrumental methods, e.g. spectroscopy,
NaHCO₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) (aq) + (g) + (l)
more useful than chemical analysis methods?

d
When mixed with a solution of silver nitrate and
dilute nitric acid, halide ions form coloured precipitates.

• Silver produces a white precipitate. f

Explain how flame emission spectroscopy can be used to
identify the elements in an unknown sample.
• Silver produces a cream precipitate.

• Silver produces a yellow precipitate.

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AQA GCSE Chemistry (Separate Science) Unit 8 Chemical Analysis Higher Revision Activity Mat
a c e h
Define a pure substance. What does chromatography separate? What is the Rf value of the following chromatogram? What gas does this experiment test for?
When nothing has been added to a substance. It separates 2 or more soluble substances in a mixture. It is the test for hydrogen gas.
The distance moved by substance B is 30mm and the
How can you distinguish a pure substance from an distance moved by solvent A is 52mm.
impure substance?
The melting and boiling points of substances allow you to 30
Rf = = 0.58
distinguish one substance from another. e.g. pure water 52
POP!
boils at 100°C.

What will happen to the above if there are impurities in

the sample?
They will lower the melting point.
They will increase the boiling point.

Describe how the process works. Use the diagram to help.

The solvent moves up the paper. As it moves, it takes the
mixture with it. f
What are the 2 phases of chromatography?
The more soluble the substance, the farther it moves up i
1. Mobile phase What gas does this experiment test for?
b the paper.
What is a formulation? Where the molecules can move. It is the test for carbon dioxide
Some are not as soluble so do not travel as far. They
Useful mixtures that have a particular use.
separate into different spots. 2. Stationary phase
Where the molecules can not move.
Give some everyday examples of where formulations
Complete the word equation for calculating
are used.
the Rf value.
paint, fertilisers, cleaning products, fuels, cosmetics, nail
polish, perfume, medicine, pesticides, inks. distance moved by substance (B)
Rf =
distance moved by solvent (A)

How does the Rf value allow you to identify a substance?

Each solvent has a different Rf value.

g
Describe the test for oxygen.
If a glowing splint is put into a test tube filled with
d oxygen, the splint will relight.
What colour does litmus go if chlorine is present?
It turns white.
What colour does the limewater go if the gas is present?
Cloudy white.

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 2
AQA GCSE Chemistry (Separate Science) Unit 8 Chemical Analysis Higher Revision Activity Mat
a g
Match the metal to the colour flame it produces by connecting with a straight line. Look at the spectroscopy results below.

lithium sodium potassium calcium copper

Ca2+

Mg2+

Al³+

Fe3+

X
b
Transition metal compounds produce coloured precipitates when mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. Complete the
table to show the colour of the different precipitates. Which metal ions are contained in sample X?

Transition Metal Ion Precipitate Colour Al³+ and Fe³+

+ + +
Al³ , Ca² , Mg² white
+
Cu²
blue

+
Fe²
green

+
Fe³
brown

c e
Why are instrumental methods, e.g. spectroscopy,
NaHCO₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l)
more useful than chemical analysis methods?
More accurate, more sensitive and rapid.
d
When mixed with a solution of silver nitrate and
dilute nitric acid, halide ions form coloured precipitates.

• Silver chloride produces a white precipitate. f

Explain how flame emission spectroscopy can be used to
identify the elements in an unknown sample.
• Silver bromide produces a cream precipitate.
The light emitted from a flame containing a sample being
analysed is measured. Each element produces a specific
• Silver iodide produces a yellow precipitate.
spectrum, which can be matched to the spectra of the
sample.

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