9.

TEST FOR
1
Aim:To FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
identify functional groups
the
INORGANIC
COMPOUNDS.
TEST FOR
Test
a) present
UNSATURATION. Bromine water test. in organic compounds.
Organic compound is dissolved Observation Inference
in CCl, + few drops of Orange colour ofthe bromine is
bromine discharged.
water with continuous shaking. Indicates the presence o1
unsaturated compound.
b) Baeyer's test.
Organic
acetone +compound dissolved in
few drops of alkalinc | Pink colour of the KMnO,
isIndicates the presence ot
KMnO, solution. discharged. unsaturated compounds.
II. TEST FOR
Test
ALCOHOLIC GROUP (R-OH). a) Ceric ammonium nitrate test.
Observation Inference
Organic compound+ few drops Red colour appears
of Ceric
ammonium nitrate Indicates the prescnce of
solution shaken well alcoholic group
(b) Lucas reagent test :
Organic compound + Lucas Layers separate immediately 3° alcohol
reagent (mixture of anhydrous Layers separate within 5 2 alcohol
ZnCl, & Conc. HCI ) shaken minutes
well. Layers do not separate 1' alcohol
III. TEST FOR PHENOLIC GROUP (AR-OH). a) Neutral
Ferric chloride test.
Test Observation Inference
Organic compound + few drops Aviolet colour is obtained. Indicates the presence of
ofneutral FeCl, solution phenolic group.
(b) Phthalein dye test or Phthalein fusion test (It is used to detect Phenol)
Organic compound +a pinch of A pink colour is obtained. The Indicates the presence of
phthalic anhydride + Conc.colour disappears on addition phenolic group. (Ar-OH)
H,SO, heat the mixture, cool & ofexcess ofNaOH solution
pour into dilute NaOH solution
1V, TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES GROUP
a) 2,4-DNP test.(It is a general test for aldehydes & ketones)
Observation Inference
Test
Organic compound + 2.4-DNP Crystalline orange precipitate is Confirms the presence of
(dinitrophenyl hydrazine obtained. carbonyl group. (aldehyde or
ketone )
solution) reagent test or Silver mirror test :
or aldehydes (-CHO) (b) Tollen's
or black Aldehyde groupis present
Organic compound + Tollen's Silver mirror obtained
Teagent, heated on a water bath, precipitate is
cool the content.
41
 c) Benedict's / Fehling's reagent test.
present
Organic compound + Benedict's A brick red precipitate is Aldehyde group is
reagent / Fehling's solution & obtaincd
heated
d) Schiff's reagent test.
|Organic compound + Schiff's A pink colour is obtainced Aldehyde group is present
reagent
Test for Ketones (-CO-) a) m-dinitro benzene test
Test Observation Inference
|Organic compound + a small| A violet colouris obtained. Ketonic group is present.
amount of powdered m
|dinitrobenzene + NaOH
solution, shaken well
(b) Sodium nitroprusside test :
Organic compound + Sodium A red colour is obtained. Ketonic group is present.
nitroprusside + NaOH solution
Test for carboxyl group (-COOH) a) Litmus paper test
Test Observation Inference
Organic compound +blue litmus paper Blue litmus paper turns red The carboxylic group is present
(b) Sodium bicarbonate test
|Organic compound + NaHCO, solution| Brisk effervescence is obtained.|The carboxylic group is present
c) Esterification test.
|Organic compound + few drops A fruity smell is obtained The carboxylic group is present
of alcohol + 2-3 drops of conc.
H,SO, , heat, cool & pour the
mixture into Na,CO, solution

VI. TEST FOR PRIMARY AMINES (NH,). a)

Litmus paper test.
Test Observation
|Organic compound + red litmus Red litmus paper turns blue Inference
paper Primary amine is present
b) Carbylamine test :
Organic compound + CHCI, Offensive / bad smell is Primary amine is
alcoholic KOH, heat obtained present
c) Diazotisation or Azo dye test (Test for
(aliphatic /aromatic).
aromatic primary amine)
Organic compound dissolvcd in A red or orange dye is obtained
klil.HCI and cooled in ice + ice Primary aromatic amine
cooled NaNO, solution + ice is
present
cooled solution of ß-naphthol in
NaOH

-42
 13. IIYEAR
PUCPRACTICAL
FOR
FUNCTIONAL GROUPSEXAMINATION IN ORGANIC VIVA QUESTIONS
Ans.
Which is the functional group of ALCOHOLS
-OH (Alcoholic group) alcohol?
COMPOUNDS
2. Name a test for alcohols
Ans. Ceric ammonium nitrate test.
3
Explain Ceric ammonium nitrate test.
Ans. When an alcohol is shaken with Ceric
4.
Which type of alcohol reacts slowly
ammonium nitrate solution, pink or red colour appears.
Ans. Primary alcohols. with Lucas reagent?
5
Which type of alcohol reacts
Ans. Tertiary alcohols. instantaneously with Lucas reagent?
6.
Name the
alcohol ? chemical reagent used to distinguish primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and
Ans. Lucas reagent. tertiary
7. What is Lucas reagent?
Ans. Amixture of anhydrous ZnCl, and Conc. HCl is called Lucas reagent.
8 What is the meaning of2° alcohol?
Ans. The alcohol in which -OH group is attached to
secondary carbon atom.
9. What is the general formula ofprimary
Ans. R-CH,-0H alcohol?
10 What is the general formula ofsecondary alcohol?
Ans. R-CH-R'
OH
PHENOLS
1. What is phenolic -OH group?
Ans. -OH group which is directly bonded to Benzene ring.
2. Phenol does not displace CO, from NaHC0, solution (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) Why?
Ans. Sincephenol is less acidic than carbonic acid.
3. Write any two tests for phenols.
Ans. i) Neutral Ferric Chloride test
ii) Phthalein dye test
4. Explain Neutral ferric chloride test for phenol.
Ans. When phenol is treated with Neutral ferric chloride, a violet colour is obtained.
5.
Ans.
Explain phthalein dye test for phenol.
Phenol is mixed with phthalic anhydride and Conc. H,SO, .The mixture is heated, cooled and
poured into adilute sodium hydroxide. Apink coloured solution is formed.
6. Why pink colour is formed in phthalein dye test?
Ans. Itis due to formation ofphenolphthalein.
-49
7. Name the organic compound formed in phthalein dye test for phenol.
Ans. phenolphthalein.
8 What is neutral ferric chloride solution?
Ans.
Aqueous solution of Neutral ferric chloride is acidic due to hydrolysis. It is made neutral by
adding NH,OH
9 Write the formula ofphenol.
Ans. C,H,OH
10. Why phenol should not touch with bear hands?
Ans. It is highly corrosive.

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

1. What is the common functional group found in aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Carbonyl group (>C-0)
2. What is the functional group of aldehydes?
Ans. -CHO (aldehydic group)
3. What is the functional group ofketones?
Ans. >CO (ketonic group)
4. Name the common test for aldehydes and ketones
Ans. 2,4- DNPhydrazine test
5. Expand 2,4 -DNP hydrazine
Ans. 2,4- Dinitro phenyl hydrazine
6 Which coloured precipitate. is obtained when an aldehyde or ketone is
hydrazine ? treated with 2,4 - DNP
Ans. Orange coloured precipitate.
7. Name the orange coloured product formed when
hydrazine. benzaldehyde is treated with 2.4-DNP
Ans. Benzaldehyde 2,4- DNPhydrazone.
8 What is Tollen's reagent?
Ans. Ammonical silver nitrate solution is called Tollen's reagent.
9 Explain Tollen's reagent test.
Ans. When an aldehyde is heated with Tollen's reagent, a black
ppt. (silver) is formed.
10. Name a test for ketones.
Ans. m-dinitrobenzene test or Sodium nitroprusside test.

1
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
What is the functional group of Caboxylic acids?
Ans. -COOH (Carboxyl group)
2. Explain litmus test for carboxylic acids.
Ans. When ablue litmus paper or blue litmus
solution 1S treated with a carboxylic acid. it turns to
3. Explain Sodium bicarbonate test for caboxylic acids. rod
When a carboxylic acid is treated with sodium
Ans.
bicarbonate solution,
to the liberation of CO, gas.
effervescence occurs due

-50
 4 How can you confirm the
acids? liberation of CO, gas during sodium
Ans. By passing CO, gas
into lime water which turns
bicarbonate test for carboxylic
5 What is lime water? milky.
Ans. Asolution of
calcium
6.
Explain Esterification hydroxide.
Ans. A carboxylic acid is test for carboxylic acids.
mixed with an
heated and pour into sodium carbonatealcohol and a few drops of Conc. H,
solution, SO,.The mixture is
7.
Name the ester formed when acetic acid is fruity odour is obtained.
H,SO, heated with ethyl alcohol in presence of Conc.
Ans. Ethyl acetate.
8. Other than carboxylic acid which acid is used in
Ans. Conc. H, SO,. esterification test?
9 What is the role of Conc. H,SO, in
Ans.
Dehydrating agent. esterification?
10. Name the tests for carboxylic acids.
Ans. 1. Litmus paper test 2. Sodium bicarbonate test 3. Esterification test
AMINES
What is the general formula of 1", 2" and 3° amines?
Ans.
1'amines:R-NH, 2'amines:R-NH-R' 3'amines:R-E-R'
2 Name the confirmatory test for primary amines.
Ans. Carbylamine test which is answered by both aliphatic and aromatic primary amines.
3. How do you distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic primary amines?
Ans. By azo-dye test which is answered only by aromatic primary amines.
4. Which is the functional group ofprimary amines?
Ans. -NH, (amino group)
5. Which type ofamines answers carbylamine test?
Ans. Allprimary amines.
6. What type ofodour is observed in carbylamine test?
Ans. Offensive or bad odour is observed.
7. Explain azo dye test for primary amine.
ice cold sodium nitrite
Ans. An aromatic primary amine is dissolved in dil.HCI and mixed with
formed.
solution, to this B-naphthol solution in NaOH is added, ared dye is
8. Explain carbylamine test forprimary amines.
chloroform and alcoholic potash (KOH), a bad smell of
Ans. When a primary amine is heated with
carbylamine is obtained.
9
Why bad smell is obtained in carbylamine test?
Ans. Due to liberation of carbylamine.
10. What is alcoholic potash?
Ans. Asolution ofKOH dissolved in alcohol.

-51