12 7 23

ual uatun ) vadiatiou le Matten (1-5 uauk

asked

was discovee by k Rotutquu

williau Crookes
CatuodeYaus e liscoventd by
vatio 9 lectvau.
RA MGUEkau hieasuwed speific Cleagl
tlectroa anuiaAioe
Wonk fuudiou -’ iol the uutkuud gy veaired to just

-Caesiuu has t ie i i u u ok futiou ’ 214 uV luiu)

- Platiuwu has the uanimm wok fuctieu -S6S eV Cuuas)

Types o elctvou euuaissioa Cal 3u)

lectao ae eitted fou tle syace.

ceT T) (old t)
TubeTU

2.Puotoelectuie uuissiow- ua plucuo ueuou inwlicla lectecus

ae uitted fou a ietal sfae
Lucidet ce It

Fild euuú saiou - oheu a uetal plate io plaed iu

ele cthie feld, electnOus ahe eeitted fucu tle
iuteuaity
Aface'
oelectnic eject: (PE)
 Mestz discoUened plotoelectrie euissiol e Llie
detaiud
detaieecl study49peoto
p lectnie
Halluace
velieceascA

Mallale 2eauaudi bheatias PEE

plate tue
obsnied ta follosiy hetal udange)zine
DWe lva Violet inut fallo ou a etal
plati, it becouen langud ften PEE.
) poaitidoge
heu Uv ligut fals ou
it beccuues les hegatiue laen teE fEE.
giua plate,

ewaibted
eitten plate
colleitoite
Plote

photaeletsou

Comstaton

HT
(rige totutid Bateesu
 Jut eusity E Nuo. Nhc
tA tA
piete

iteusity
frequeuy, tle plietounut ls ditey propotinal to
taitý 9iuiduut
Plotoelectsie uuissiou is auiustataueouo process (Io1see

Puoto
Cuecet
-tow

Collector Poteutial

iucidént
geaçlualey biglt io kpt
cOwtaut, the plotouneut tuceasU` witlu ucrease iu
positive colle tcn poteutial &a it satuates.
)Tue Aotwation cuant depucdo wpou ikteuity q ucidae

wltu iutease
uuease' iu
in hugativ ollecton poteuttal, plotocuuset
decreasee bioueso.
 iuoeased aboe tlestotd valie
Dwueu t y e d ooe aloo iglet
n iuueases
t bo

utuuity
ikdeit Wgut belovo wticl ho photo electeie ewui saioZ
takes paul uià tnequuay is kalied as trteold frequauay
plhotosusitive
ercalold fregeucy io dily uut fou dilfemet
Be uatuials.
)AA. uatenial witu Lowerteskold 7veaueuey ia ouidvuo as
uoe photosusitive.
ctaws)
Obseuvatioes g Phuotoletnic ut (3u)
C1O)
Tue ploto electie buuisios io lau inotautaue Ous plciess
2 hotourut i direetly phapantioual to lutiusity 9iuuidut
) a a iveu uateial, the ckists
iuadtu iglt bela
a iiue
freguy
olicl wo pluotecletnie euinaio
ligd izbove tlinesloldplatefrequag.
epative poteutial q collutas
ehnisliPatetial
and fen a pastiula collectar plate
Photoeleatuc
pliotóelectnic stops, otelPOCtuial 9 coltecta
stoppua
plate io called as stoppiug potLutiat! Petetial
it b dpudet upou frequuy iuctdent bigbe.
StopYig foteutial cuKE 9 pletoeleutrca
jucdut
 Pantialau
ti uagatie
tpphg fteutial JL üio tu poteutiat 9 tollecto
plate fon fuotorlectaic cuuissiou staps,
ick
loteutial detenui uas luaxi uhuu kiuetie eus4H 2
9 Stoppiug
pluctoclttnous
KEnuex eVo

Stepiuq Ptutial depuds upou reauuy g iucidut plet

&tlu ftosuoitive uateiat Ceumi tteuplate) &ls iucepulet
iuidut liqlut.

Lutnity= oustaut
Puoto
Cuunut

Satuatiou
culeHeut

-Ves -Vo2-Vot
Collecor
Potetial
Vs> Va>V

A B
stopriug
Potctiat
 Bhoglle. Pkoposd
de by wn oave Watta
wattve. caledas
euaactenlstlca.
Tuiaa uaue eLLibits uotlou iu
wattu u
Iuattu
wave
golace takeo PEEKEwax=tUe tueu Vo U
KEmaro’
PEE o tun 20Do
CPEE)
Euinsiou Puctoelectaie o =hVe KEwas tueu)Dvo
2
eaatiou eiusteis pee qstiou
As
Sptit
Potwttal Stoppiug o
tele>hwo
eVo masr koE, but
plotoeleutiou uass9
costaut Plaucka l- whee
REwax E+
eiuateiu, acOndiu
to acqueua
aslKietie
ee tly audfuctiou coank s
tpos. platau absossbed cuenya total watvial,
te
wed
seaitie plhoto iuidet o tigltio wlu aiusteiu, Hccotug
to
Photociectie
feet tleory
fo- tiusteits
(Matte wave exiotuce wa ouyivued by GiP Tuoupsou aul
Davinou &yeen epenimaut.

Eungy Qapuotau ugtuu by

whece, h’ Peaucks couotaut

6-G23 X Io4 Ts

AecondlugVE-uc
'E
to Eiusteius wuass - eueAy Yelatiou

Tuis io cle

3on a watter parttle 9 luas

w aud veloity v'

P
Otkeu fons de Brogtie cavluyte
Couly fortuvicat) leauu outy kuol evpessio

Kiuetle Ek-mi Xue

2

2u 2uL
p 2uEk

Ex qV
P J2uEr 2uy
fO electYou
qe--6Xl0-c

J2uey

Ek 3Ke?
2

Ke- Bollzuaus couataut

JZux3 KeT
 3

Cm)
Plancks quautuu tuany ) radiatiou
na packet9 uegy called an
Aconaiug to Hau Plauk, iglut tglu
ayuauta,

eittd by at viy speed.

4uauta Cuawed) aas pluotou by ylbot lewis.
Cuaued)
as coimd
coiud

Bu) Propeties 9 Puotou accum witua speecl 3 XIo us

y Puotou Cau traul turougle
Euoy potau carstew ungy &ucueutuu.

P
adiatiou belaves as
) uau utesactiou ) luatta oitl nadiatiau,
a uatte3 perticle called as phatoui
9Rotos ae clectvically eutral CPluotous aane uot deflected by

t couoeRved
u pleotau- uatty lictenactiow, ho. 9 photous ale
but te totalcog total liveas oeeutun are couoewed.

Gailkure of 10aue Teony of ligut to klaiu PEE (een zed

)Aenciuy to save thuony, a liqut auy peqeuy sleoutd be able
to produe hotoelctai llect: (3ut puotolectit ellsect takes plac
iuicut ia above tlureahold reqeu
9 heokdluq towau tluog, kiti engu
depud' pou iutwoity 9 iutdu ligit, but the K.E plucto eleu
ucidut
to wonve tueosg, Ploto electaie euiuission Alould be
a deloy'ed phocess bit it o obseaved tuat pluoto electauiel