Nina Canault Cum Platim Pentru Greselile Stramosilor

Gdgh Ohghuit
Oue piďtde pcgtru

frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar
DgoagȔtdcgtui jhedidhi
^rcjhȝď lc
Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr
\rhluocrc ldg ide`h jrhgoczď

lc Ordstdgh Idvdh Zhsdicsou
p b d i a ` d h
OAEECG\ ^HTC-\-AG
_ JHS\C_ LC _C_ HGOË\PC_

IC_
IC
Gdgh Ohghuit
Oapyrdfbt © Lcsoiäc lc @rauwcr, 0>>6
E ÎĀ\DE ^CG\PS
OSE
OS
FPCȒCIDIC
7
_\PĀEAȒDIAP
7
Gdgh Ohghuit
D_@G 462-:>:-23:>-?2->
© 0>8: - Cldturh ^BDIA@DH
dgtcrgct; www.pbdia`dh.oae
c-ehdi; oagthotNpbdia`dh.oae
Cldtar; @dhgoh @dhfdgd

\rhluocrc; Ordstdgh Idvdh Zhsdicsou
Pclhotar; Phiuoh Jurtugď
L\^;; Oďtďidg Jurtugď
L\^
Oarcoturď; Lardgh Aprch

Oapcrtď; Oďtďidg Jurtugď
Dehf
Dehfdgc; Ih gaoc, Bcgrd Pausschu
dgc;
Lcsordcrch OD^ h @dìdatcodd Ghȝdaghic h Paeàgdcd

OHGHSI\, GDGH
Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar; dgoagȔtdcgtui jhedidhi / Gdgh
Ohghuit= trhl.; Ordstdgh Idvdh Zhsdicsou= prcj.; Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr. -
@uourcȔtd; ^bdia`dh, 0>8:
 462-:>:-23:>-?2->
D. Zhsdicsou, Ordstdgh Idvdh (trhl.)

DD. _obddtzcg`crfcr, Hggc Hgocidg (prcj.)
S4-4
Jddociar ecic,
Kuldtb Ȕd Hvh,
sd thtdiar iar.
Gcpaȝdiar ecd,
Ihurh sd Lhgdci,
Ȕd thtďiud iar.
Ouprdgs
^rcjhȝď....................
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8. çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt................................. 83
0. Jhgtaeh Ȕd ehgdjcstďrdic cd....................

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<. _dglraeui hgdvcrshr....................
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3. Oapdiui Ȕd scorctui iud.....................

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6. FrcȔcidic thȝdiar.....................
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Oagoiuzdc.....................
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83?
^rcjhȝď
4
Cstc a piďocrc sď prczdgt ohrtch Gdgcd Ohghuit - a piďoc

rc sď odtcso, lcsordsc Ȕd cxpidohtc sdepiu, gaȝdugd oaepicxc lc
psdbaiafdc, saodaiafdc, jdzdoď ouhgtdoď Ȕd oagcxdugd ecldoa-jh-
edidhic, dlcd orcdaghtc çg tdepui çgtài
çgtàigdrdi
gdrdiar
ar Ȕd ldsouȝddiar pur
thtc çg ohsh ech lc ih ^hrds, ou trcdzcod lc hgd çg ureď, phroď
prdgtr-a çgtàe
çgtàepihrc
pihrc jcrdodtď. Hoch çgtàepih
çgtàepihrcrc jcrdodtď pc ohrc
psdbaiafui Ohggag h guedt-a scrcgldpdthtc, çg kurui hgdiar
84?>, lupď guecic Ȕd pavcstch prdgȝdiar ldg _crcgldp8, rcih
thtď lc Zaithdrc Ȕd lc Vhipaic0. Ohrtch Gdgcd Ohghuit rcprc
zdgtď oďuthrch dgtcidfcgtď h ugcd kurghidst
kurghidstcc ohrc h ocroctht Ȕd
hlught ihaihitď, çg edgtch cd Ȕd çg sords, iuorďrd rďzicȝc hic ugar
pcrsahgc ldjcrdtc - jahrtc ldjcrdtc - hic oďrar lrueurd gu sc
dgtcrscotchzď gdodalhtď - prajcsard ugdvcrsdthrd Ȕd hutaldlhoȝd,
ahecgd lc Ȕtddgȝď, jdiaiafd, hrtdȔtd ohrc hàrlchzď, çg ealurd
jahrtc ldvcrsc, edstcrui trhgsedtcrdd dgvaiugthrc Ȕd dgoagȔtdcg
tc h ohidtďȝdiar, h h`didtďȝdiar, h jciurdiar lc h jd (pcrsahgc ùgc,
vdaicgtc, sujcrdglc shu ohrc pravahoď sujcrdgȝď) cto. Hlcsch,
8@hse pcrshg lcsprc trcd prdgȝd ldg _crcgldp (_rd Ihgmh lc hstďzd) ohrc, lc jdc-
ohrc lhtď oàgl picohu çgtr-a oďiďtardc, fďschu ldg çgtàe pihrc iuorurd prcȝdahsc
çgtàepihrc
pc ohrc guȔtddgȝdjdoc,
ocroctďrdd ic oďuthscrď ldghldgs. Gaȝdugch
ih lcsoapcrdrch ehd euitlc scrcgldpdthtc rcjcrď,
shu ehd puȝdgscçgtà
çgtàep çg tcardh
epiďta
iďtahrc
hrc h
ugar jhptc lc dgtcrcs, (g.rcl.)
0 Zaithdrc, Oagtcspcrshgs, Vhipaic, \bc \brcc ^rdgocs aj _crcgldp, 8662. Ohggag,
‗_crcgldpdtc hgl Ecldohi Ldsoavcrdcs", 84?:, odtht lc H. Hgocidg _obutzcg`crfcr,
‗Ih scrcgldpdtc", çg Baeehfc hu Laycg Vcdss. Hghicic Jhouitďȝdd lc Idtcrc hic
Sgdvcrsdtďȝdd ldg Gdsh, 8446 Ȕd gatď çg Hd'c
Hd'c,, ecs hçcuxi, Lcsoicc lc @rauwcr, 8442
(^sdbafcgchiafdh Ȕd rďgdic ldg jhedidc, Cldturh ^bdia`dh, 0>8< - g.tr.) (g.h.)
Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

cstc var`h lcsprc oagscodgȝh ugud laidu gcçgobcdht shu h trhu
eciar
Occhohrc guh hu
oc gu jast
putut gdod ldsouthtc, gdod hsdedihtc.
jd cxprdeht prdg ihorded Ȕd ouvdgtc sc ehgdjcs-
tď uitcrdar prdg sujcrdgȝc, dg idpsh ouvdgtciar ohrc sď spugď hoci ocvh.
Oagsthtďe cxdstcgȝh ugcd hstjci lc sdtuhȝdd pc phroursui
ehd euitar fcgcrhȝdd. ‗^ďrdgȝdd hu eàgoht strufurd vcrzd Ȕd oa
pddd hu hvut lc sujcrdt ldg ohuzh hsth, lc-h iugfui h trcd shu
phtru fcgcrhȝdd?", spugc @dìdh.
Ȓd edrhoaiui tcrhpcutdo oagstď çg jhptui oď, prdg la`àgldrch
Ȕd rcla`àgldrch putcrdd lc h var`d, sujcrdgȝcic sc trhgsjareď çg
ihorded Ȕd ouvdgtc, dhr àhih shu Ȕdrui gcfru hi cvcgdecgtciar
sc aprcȔtc çg ocic ldg ureď. çgsď c gcvadc sď fďsde Ȕd pcrsah
gh patrdvdtď oďrcdh sď-d var`de, odgcvh ohrc, çg sjàrȔdt, çgȝcicfc,
ohrc gc hkutď sď soďpďe lc hochstď pavhrď, ohrc gu gc kulcoď Ȕd
pcredtc cid`crhrch (ohtbhrsds) Ȕd odohtrdzhrch rďgdiar.
^rhotdoh oidgdoď gu cstc çgsď sujdodcgtď pcgtru h çgȝcicfc - Ȕd
gdod ougaȔtdgȝcic psdbdhtrdoc oihsdoc, lc tdp hghidtdo.
Sgdd ldgtrc gad hu lcsobds lrueurd, hu prapus saiuȝdd Ȕd
pdstc pc ohrc Gdgh Ohghuit ic rcugcȔtc ih ug iao, pcredȝàgl
ugud puìdo ehd ihrf sď ic çgȝcichf
çgȝcichfďď Ȕd sď ic jaiaschsoď. HȔhlhr,
ohrtch cd cstc, çg hocihȔd tdep, dgtcrcshgtď, uȔar lc odtdt Ȕd utdiď,
çgvďȝàglu-gc
çgvďȝàgl u-gc sď gu ehd piďtde pcgtru crardic, frcȔcidic shu
trhuecic strďeaȔdiar gaȔtrd.
LcȔd eď prcaoupď hochstď oďuthrc Ȕd hghidzď, gu e-hu oag
vdgs tahtc pdstcic pc ohrc hutahrch ic cxpiarchzď çg kurui tcr
ecguiud hehifheht lc ‗psdbafcgchiafdc", utdidzht, lc vrca
lauďzcod lc hgd, çg eal dglcpcglcgt, lc oďtrc psdbhghidȔtd Ȕd
gag-hghidȔtd, çg scgsurd Ȕd oagtcxtc ldvcrsc, ih jci Ȕd lc ugdvcr
sdthrd Ȕd lc hutaldlhoȝd hvàgl prdgodpdd Ȕd prhotdod oidgdoc ldjc
rdtc, `h obdhr apusc.
?‗^ďrdgȝdd hu eàgoht hfurdlď Ȕd oapddiar id s-hu strcpczdt ldgȝdd", Czcobdci. (g.tr.)
^rcjhȝď
Gad prhotdoďe ‗trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui", ‗fcgasaodafrh-

eh<", psdbaiafdh oidgdoď Ȕd psdbatcrhpdh trhgsfcgcrhȝdagh-
iď oidgdoď - pargdgl lc ih prhotdoh oidgdoď hghidtdoď (Ȕd jďrď
gdoda rhparthrc ih laecgdd prcoue czatcrdseui, trhgsed
tcrch fàglurdiar, thratui, hstraiafdh, utdidzhtc lc ugdd hu-
taldlhoȝd - Ȕd ohrc, pcgtru edgc, ȝdg lc hrtď Ȕd gu lc Ȕtddgȝď).
HocȔtd dgldvdzd (ohrc gu sugt hghidȔtd Ȕd gu çgȝc
çgȝcicf
icf gdod dg
oagȔtdcgtui, gdod trhgsjcrui, lcȔd kagfi
kagfichzď
chzď ugcard ou cic çg
eal dgoagȔtdcgt) ecgȝdg lcpcglcgȝh ahecgdiar Ȕd çd çepdcl
çepdcldd
oď sď hpciczc çg tdep utdi ih hlcvďrhth psdbatcrhpdc lc ohrc hr
hvch gcvadc - Ȕd sď lcvdgď hluiȝd dglcpcglcgȝd, rcspagsh`did
lc vdhȝh, lc vddtarui Ȕd lc sďgďthtch iar.
Gad iuorďe pargdgl lc ih `hzc Ȕtddgȝdjdoc Ȕd hghidtdoc oih
sdoc, ou pdodahrcic pc pďeàgt Ȕd `dzudgl
`dzudglu-gc
u-gc pc oďrȝd Ȕd ora
gdod dstardoc, pc laouecgtc lc jhedidc, pc hotc lc ghȔtcrc, lc
lcocs, lc àtcz, lc oďsďtardc, pc hrbdvcic odvdic, ecldohic, ed
idthrc, gathrdhic Ȕd jugcrhrc - hldoď pc jhptc vcrdjdoh`dic.
_puscic,
Ȕd hitc hedgtdrdic,
sujcrdgȝc, vdscic,
pc sourt hsaodcrdic
cxpcrdcgȝcic lc dlcd, oaȔehrurdic
hjcotdvc, oidgdoc, psdba
saehtdoc sugt oh a ehgdjcsthrc, ug ȝdpďt, ug strdfďt lc hkutar,
a trhueď ohrc, hlcsch, çȔd hrc a`àrȔdh çg vrceurd çglcpďrthtc.
Cic rcprczdgtď dpatczc oc ecrdtď hsouithtc ou rcspcotui ouvcgdt
jhȝď lc pcrsahgh ohrc sujcrď, lhr ohrc trcùdc vcrdjdohtc.
_ď rcvcgde houe ih hoci ‗oc Ȕd oue" hi trhueciar. A trhu

eď ecgthiď cstc ug cvcgdecgt prch lur pcgtru edgtc Ȕd sujict,
prch ouepidt, dguehg, eagstruas, pc ohrc struoturdic gahstrc
ecgthic, dgldvdluhic Ȕd oaicotdvc gu-8 pat çglurh. Oh, lc pdi
lď; ug àe`hrlh
àe`hrlhecgt
ecgt ohrc ldstrufc ug arhȔ (Paucg shu Ic
Bhvrc), fhzcic utdidzhtc ih Tprcs (hprdidc 8483) shu ih Zcrlug,
<\cbgdoď jaiasdtď çg tcrhpdh trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď, ohrc prcsupugc oagstrudrch hr-
àrciud fcgchiafdo Ȕd oaepicthrch iud ou cvcgdecgtcic departhgtc ldg vdhȝď, ou
lhtcic ih ohrc s-hu pctrcout, icfďturdic ldgtrc cic Ȕd oagtcxtui hjcotdv, (g.rcl.)

ihfďrcic lc oagocgtrhrc (baiaohustui), fbdiatdgh çg pcrdahlh
Ehrdd \crard (864?) shu cxpuizhrch `ruthiď h cvrcdiar Ȕd h ehu
rdiar ldg _phgdh (8<40), eďociui ldg tdepui @ďtďidcd lc ih _c-
lhg (8 scptce`rdc 826>) shu àe`h lc ih Bdrasbdeh.
fcrch sàr`diar ih Masava, ou Ȕhsc sutc lc hgd çg ureď,
çgjràgfcrch
çgjràg
ih sjàrȔdtui iuptcd ldg 02 dugdc 8?24, h lus ih pdcrlcrch dglc
pcglcgȝcd tàgďruiud stht sàr` (çglcasc`d lupď oďlcrch Oag-
sthgtdgapaiuiud) - çgjràgfcrc lcvcgdtď hprahpc laidu ghȝdaghi
Ȕd cvaohtď, lc-htugod, çg ldvcrsc pacec oagshorhtc jhptciar lc
vdtckdc hic iuptďtardiar.
\rhueh hgocstrhiď h paparuiud sàr` h jast rchotdvhtď ih 02
dugdc 848<, ou prdickui vdzdtcd ih _hrhkcva h hrbdluociud Jrhgz
Jcrldghgl hi Hustra-Sgfhrdcd, vdzdtď rcsdeȝdtď lc sàr`d oh a
pravaohrc, ch hvàgl iao çg zduh hgdvcrshrď h pdcrlcrdd pravdg
odcd Masava. Hrbdluocic vh jd hshsdght, occh oc vh lcoihgȔh rďz
àdui ldg 848< 8482, ou edidahgcic iud lc earȝd.
Dstardh sc rcpctď (oh prdgtr-a suprhpugcrc h tdepuiud) ih 02
dugdc 8424, alhtď ou oaecearhrch lc oďtrc Ediascvdod h çg
jràgfcrdd lc ih Masava ldg 8?24 Ȕd rcphtrdcrch rďeďȔdȝciar pď
eàgtcȔtd hic _jàgtuiud Ihzďr (prdgȝui sàr` Ihzďr), hshsdght ih
02 dugdc 8?24 lc eusuiehgdd-ataehgd. Hocsth vh jd eaecgtui
lcoihgȔďrdd ehshoruiud (fcgaodluiud) hsuprh eusuiehgdiar
ldg Hi`hgdh Ȕd ldg Masava. A rcvhgȔď, ih Ȕhsc sutc lc hgd lupď
a trhueď ghȝdaghiď hi oďrcd laidu gu juscsc gdodalhtď çgobcdht.
Cxdstď Ȕd hitc odrouesthgȝc depasd`di lc çgl
çglurht
urht Ȕd ohrc hu
rďsugct çg tdep; a cxpiazdc lc frdzu pcgtru ug edgcr, pcgtru
jhedidh Ȕd cobdph iud, shu odaogdrch ugud vhs lc ug hds`crf (\d-
thgdo) pcgtru aouphgȝdd iud Ȕd hprapdhȝdd hocstarh, ard ug dgocst,
ug vdai, shu hùzhrch ugud oapdi. âhtc jd var`h, lc hscecgch,
lcsprc ug cvcgdecgt çg vdhȝh ugud oapdi ohrc hphrc oh a iavd
turď lc trďsgct, oue hr jd eahrtch ùgdouiud shu h pdsdodd ard h
oàdgciud, çgkugfbd
çgkugfbdcrch
crch ugcd ad shu picohrch thtďiud (ldvarȝ ard
çgohrocrhrc).
^rcjhȝď
_u`dcotui c phrhidzht lc sphdeď - gu fďscȔtc ouvdgtc pcg

tru h-Ȕd cxprdeh jrdoh ard ruȔdgch lc h jd jast depidoht (lc a phr
tc shu lc hith, oh vdotdeď shu oďiďu) Ȕd cvcgdecgtui cstc hstjci
trcout su` tďocrc - gcspus shu ȝdgut scorct.
Ȓd çgtàepihrch rcspcotdvď, çgfraph
çgfraphtď tď oh çgtr-a ordptď, sc
trhgsedtc lc ih dgoagȔtdcgtui pďrdgȝdiar ih oci hi oapddiar, prdg
occh oc Gdoaihs H`rhbhe Ȕd Ehrdh \aram hu guedt, çg pcrdah
lh hgdiar 8463-8462, ug cjcot lc vcgtrdiao shu a jhgtaeď. Hochstď
trhgsedtcrc hrc iao prdgtr-ug jcgaecg oaepicx, pc ohrc ld
vcrȔd ocroctďtard piurdldsodpidghrd çgoch
çgochroď
roď sď-8 ciuodlczc - Ȕd
ohrc, çg occh oc eď prdvcȔtc, hr putch jd sdgtctdzht prdg tcrecgdd
lc oa-oagȔtdcgt Ȕd oa-dgoagȔtdcgt jhedidhi Ȕd lc frup - cxtdg
zàgl oagocptcic iud Jrcul, Kugf, Earcga, Laita Ȕd hic ugdtďȝdd
luhic eheď-oapdi.
Obdhr lhoď tcardh trhgsedtcrdd çgtrc fcgcrhȝdd (dgtcrfcgcrh-
ȝdaghiď oagȔtdcgtď Ȕd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď dgoagȔtdcgtď) gu cstc
pc
pcuȝdlcpidg oihrdjdohtď
a rcehroď çg prczcgt,
Ȕd trhtchzď guecraȔd
cjcotcic shic. Cd dgtcrvdg tcrh
oidgdodcgdçgȔdlaec
gdd ldvcrsc prcoue psdbdhtrdh shu psdbatcrhpdh hluiȝdiar ard h
oapddiar, çg aprdrch oaȔehrurdiar shu çg ugcic ohzurd lc hste,
obdhr çg ohzurd lc ldhrcc frhvď (àhih Orabg) shu çg oagstdph-
ȝdd frhvc (obdrurfdd hu cvdlcgȝdht icfhturd çgtr
çgtrcc hùzurdic scxu
hic Ȕd oagstdphȝdc). Ȓd ehd cxdstď euitc hitc jarec lc iadhidthtc
jhedidhiď dgvdzd`diď; àid, hoodlcgtc, cpdsahlc psdbatdoc shu lc
hit fcg - tahtc ehrobchzď a jrhfdidthtc icfhtď lc a oaecearh
rc, ug laidu gcçgobcdht shu trhuec gchsdedihtc, gccxprdehtc,
gcecthàidzhtc.
Jďrď sď lcstďdgude scorctcic ociarihiȝd, hscecgch `ďr`dc
`ďr`dcruru
iud rcfciud Edlhs, trcùdc sď oagsthtďe oď scorctui shu iuorui
gcspus cstc lcvhsthtar Ȕd oď lcodzdh lc h gu spugc iuorurdic
(‗c pcgtru `dgcic tďu") hrc ug cjcot lc ùecrhgf Ȕd lcvdgc
ug rďu oc-d iavcȔtc taoehd pc ocd pc ohrc vrce sď-d oruȝďe.
‗Cu cstc ug hitui", sordh Pde`hul. Lhr cjcotui lcvhsthtar hi

laidurdiar gcçgobcdhtc Ȕd hi trhueciar gchsdedihtc gu sc aprcȔ
tc ih sďgďthtc Ȕd ih jhedidd. _ugtce hlcsch icfďghȝd lc pavcȔtd
Ȕd lc oàgtcoc ohrc rcihtchzď trhuecic trcoutc Ȕd spcrhgȝcic ugcd
rcphrhȝdd shu hic ugcd rcvhgȔc (‗Zae prded çghpad Hishodh Ȕd
Iarcgh... ", oihechzď oàgtcoui, lhr ih jci lc `dg
`dgcc hr putch jd
var`h lcsprc Dcrushide, _cr`dh Ehrc shu Ehrcic Dsihe...).
\ahtc hocstch luo ih laidurd gcçgobcdhtc, ih ‗trhuec hicsc" -
patrdvdt tcrecguiud lht lc Zhedo Zaimhg3 - trhgsjarehtc çg
ouitc ghȝdaghic, ih vcglctc jhedidhic, ghȝdaghic shu ouiturhic Ȕd
ih `ďd lc sàgfc pc ohrc scoaiui gastru rhȝdaghidst gu rcuȔcȔtc
sď ic aprchsoď. Ȓd hsth taoehd pcgtru oď dstardh - psdbadstardh -
pcrsaghiď, jhedidhiď, saodaouiturhiď, coagaedoď gu h jast ou
gasoutď, ecearhtď sd çgȝcichsď, çg oagtcxtui cd.
Lhr hochsth cstc a hitď pavcstc...
Ȓd çd ihs odtdtaruiud piďocrch lcsoapcrdrdd.
Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr,

^hrds-Gdsh-Eagtrchi, 03 scptce`rdc 8442
3 Zhedm Zaimhg - prajcsar cecrdt lc psdbdhtrdc ih Sgdvcrsdthtch ldg Zdrfdgdh,

hghidst hi Dgstdtutuiud ^sdbahghidtdo ldg Vhsbdgftag L.O. (g.rcl.)
8>
Dg 8462, oàgl h prdedt prcedui Ga`ci pcgtru idtcrhturď,
Dshho @hsbcvds _dgfcr h lczvďiudt guecrahscd hsdstcgȝc ohrc
vcgdsc sď-i hsouitc eatdvui pcgtru ohrc sordh çgtr-a ide`ď
hprahpc eahrtď, Ȕd hguec çg dldȔ. ‗çed pihoc sď sordu pavcȔtd
ou jhgtaec. Gdedo gu c ehd patrdvdt pcgtru a pavcstc ou jhg
taec lcoàt a ide`ď hjihtď pc ohic lc ldsphrdȝdc. Ou oàt ide`h
cstc ehd hprahpc lc ldsphrdȝdc, ou htàt jhgtaeh c ehd vdc. Jhg
taecic hlarď ide`h dldȔ, tahtc a var`cso. Hpad, orcl çg çgvdc 
rc. _ugt sdfur oď Ecsdh vh vcgd Ȕd oď, htugod, edd lc earȝd ohrc
var`cso ide`h dldȔ var dcȔd ldg earedgtcic iar Ȕd var çgtrc`h
decldht; «Hu hpďrut ocvh oďrȝd gad çg dldȔ:1½", h lcoihrht ci.
Dshho @hsbcvds _dgfcr gu pahtc lh vdhȝď ugar pcrsaghkc
aecgcȔtd, ugar jddgȝc hioďtudtc ldg ohec Ȕd ahsc lcoàt çgoagku-
ràglu-ic lc orchturd dehtcrdhic ohrc pahrtď oàgl ecialdahscic
lcguedrd lc ‗scrhjde", lc ‗çgfcr" shu lc ‗bcruvde", oàgl pc
hocich, ehd gcidgdȔtdtahrc, lc ‗lceag", ‗ld`ùm6" shu ‗jhgta
eď". çg occh oc eď prdvcȔtc, ih jci oh _dgfcr, orcl çg jhgtaec.
Orcl oď cic gc hshitchzď ou hphrdȝdd jufdtdvc Ȕd oď, lc jhpt, prc
zcgȝh iar cstc çgtr
çgtr-htàt
-htàt lc jhedidhrď çgo
çgoàt
àt trďde ou cic jďrď sď gc
lďe scheh lc hsth...
: Jrhgm Csmäghzd, ‗Ic ydlldsb pcrl sh piuec", Id`ärhtdag, vdgcrd, 0: duidc 8448.
(gh.)
6 çg edtaiafdh c`rhdoď, spdrdtui ehicjdo hi ugcd pcrsahgc lcoclhtc, (g.rcl.)
88

Lc uglc vdg hocstc jhgtaec Ȕd odgc sugt cic1
_ugt spdrdtcic earȝdiar, spdrdtcic tuturar ociar pc ohrc vdhȝh
d-h shordjdoht çg soap praprdu; sailhȝd, crad, phtrdaȝd lcoclhȝd çg
iuptď ohrc `àgtudc dstardh papahrciar, jcecd eahrtc çg tdep oc
gďȔtchu Ȕd ohrc s-hu cpudzht làgl vdhȝď, ocd ohrc, çg jdcohrc jh
edidc, hu ldspďrut prcehtur, rďpuȔd lc àhiď, ocd ohrc, çg jdgc,
hu oagtrdùdt ih ouiturď, ocd pc ohrc çd eaȔtcgde.
Hocstc jhgtaec gu sugt gchpďrht hecgdgȝďtahrc. Cic gu
gc var`cso guehd lcsprc h`surldthtch earȝdd, od sc hjiď hoa
ia Ȕd pcgtru h gc hkuth sď trďde. Ahrc gu taoehd lc hocch sugt
cic prczcgtc, ih jci oh çgfcrdd, oh lceagdd Ȕd oh zcdd, çg tahtc
ouiturdic1
Jhgtaecic sugt Ȕd taȝd hocdh ldg ohrc sugtce jďouȝd; c lc
hkugs sď eď hul ocrtàgl-a pc jddoh ech pcgtru h rcfďsd dgtagh
ȝdh pc ohrc a oďpďth fihsui ehecd ecic htugod oàgl eď lakc
gch. _hu sď çgocp sď sordu, pcgtru h-ed hedgtd guehdlcoàt lc
jdfurh prcaouphtď h thtďiud ecu, eàzfďidgl vrcug ececgta
çg hfcglď, ou sordsui iud jrueas, hepiu Ȕd frhȝdas.
Lhr thtďi ecu Ȕd eheh ech gu sugt sdgfurd çgiďugtrui
ecu. Lc çgl
çglhtď
htď oc eď lcoagcotcz lc ih oatdldhg Ȕd rcvcrdh dh
iaoui hoȝdugdd, lc çglhtď oc, çg sjàrȔdt, sugt guehd cu ou edgc,
hphrc, ehd çgtà
çgtàdd tdedlď Ȕd hpad tueuituahsď, ehrch euiȝdec
vcgdtď ldg dgtcrdar... Hphr taȝd ocd ou ohrc e-he dlcgtdjdoht,
lc ih ohrc he çeprueutht
çeprue utht a dgtaghȝdc, ug zàe`ct, ug hcr
edidhi. \ahtc hocic pcrsaghkc ou ohrc vdshe sď sceďg çg oapd jh
iďrdc; Hihldg, Pa`dg Baal, \dgtdg, Gdis Baifcrssag oďiďtardgl

pc fàsoď iud sďi`htdoď, shu Fcrlh, jctdȝh ourhkahsď picohtď çg
oďuthrch iud Mhy, prdctcgui cd ldg oapdiďrdc, prdzagdcr hi Orď-
dcscd [ďpczdiar.
Jhgtaecic sugt, lc jhpt, ocd ohrc oagtdguď sď sc cxprdec çg
gad, jdc oď vrce shu gu, pcgtru oď occh oc guede ‗spdrdt", ‗su
jict" shu ‗dgtcidfcgȝď", hoci iao ldg ohrc hphrc orchtdvdthtch çg
sďȔd, gu cstc hitocvh lcoàt prciugfdrch spdrdtuiud, h dgtcidfcgȝcd
80
^rcjhȝď
Ȕd h orchtdvdtďȝdd fcgcrhȝddiar hgtcrdahrc Ȕd, ehd çglchp
çglchprahpc,
rahpc, h
hociarh ldg ohrc sugtce piďeďldȝd; pďrdgȝdd Ȕd strďeaȔdd gaȔtrd.
Alhtď lcpďȔdtď vàrsth oapdiďrdcd, trcùdc sď gc çgfrd
çgfrdkde
kde sdg
furd lc cvaiuȝdh gahstrď, sď gc-a hsueďe çg eal hotdv. Oàt
lcsprc vdhȝh oc gc-h jast lhtď, trcùdc sď a lďe ehd lcphrtc
oapddiar. Jdc oď sugtce `ďr`hȝd shu jcecd, oagsdlcrďe oď cstc
lc lhtardh gahstrď sď ic trhgsedtce lcsocglcgȝdiar ouiturh,
vhiardic, ctdoh, prdocpcrch ou ohrc sugtce çgzcstrhȝd. ^c sourt,
hȔhlhr, praprdh gahstrď cjdodcgȝď ecgthiď.
Ecscrdh ech lc kurg

kurghidst
hidst Ȕtddgȝdjdo e-h a`dȔgudt ou çgtài
çgtàigdrd
gdrd
ic odulhtc. E-h çgv
çgvďȝht
ďȝht oď ocrocthrch cstc a hvcgturď, dhr ocroc
tďtardd sugt gdȔtc fia`c-trattcrs hd spdrdtuiud. _pdrdtui kagfichz
kagfichzďď
ou pdcsc lc puzzic cihàrhtc lc edgdstcrc, ugdvcrsdtďȝd, dgstd
tutc lc ocrocthrc, ohrc çd çgfrďlcso pc ocroctďtard çg ldsodpidgc
Ȕd çg sobcec hic oďrar lhtc sugt trhshtc ldghdgtc=
8?
8
çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt
Oàgl i-he çgtài

çgtàigdt
gdt pc Ldldcr Luehs, crhe lcphrtc lc h-ed
dehfdgh oď jhgtaecic pat jhoc a`dcotui ugcd ocroctďrd rdfurah
sc. He lcsoapcrdt ou udedrc oď cic aouphu, çg hotdvdthtch sh
oidgdoď lc zd ou zd, ug iao ih jci lc thgfd`di prcoue oci hi phrh-
zdȝdiar çg eugoh vdrusaiafdiar. ^sdbhghidstui ic ureďrcȔtc cva
iuȝdh pcgtru oď cic kahoď ug rai ih jci lc departhgt oh oci hi
edora`diar çg hphrdȝdh àidiar.
He lht, ldg çgtàepihr
çgtàepihrc, c, çg `dìda
`dìdatcoh
tcoh ldg ohrtdcrui ecu,
pcstc I'Hgfc ct ic Jhgtaec?. Ohrtch rclď eugoh lcpusď lc
hutar çg ocd zcoc hgd pctrcouȝd çgtr-ug spdthi lc zd, çg prchk
eh oapddiar psdbatdod, Ȕd ohrc h oagstht çg h lcsodjrh, çg dsta
rdh thìauiud fcgchiafdo, ardfdgch trhueciar oc oagtdguhu sď-d
`àgtudc. îdgď lc ohzurd oidgdoc pc oàt lc jrueahsc, pc htàt lc
çgspďdeàgtďtahr c, ohrtch prczdgtď cjcotcic aouitc pralusc lc
çgspďdeàgtďtahrc,
jhgtaec, ugcard pàgď ih h phtrh fcgcrhȝdc.
çgoď lc ih prdeh gahstrď çgtàigdrc, Ldldcr Luehs ed-h eďr
turdsdt; ‗Iuorui ou oapddd psdbatdod lcpďȔch tahtc dgstruecgtcic
tcarctdoc lc ohrc ldspugche htugod." He sth`didt sď gc çgtài 
gde pcgtru h-8 dgtcrvdcvh lcsprc raiui fcgchiafdcd çg tcrhpdc.
_oapui ecu crh sď rchidzcz ug lashr rcjcrdtar ih ocrocthrch
2 Ldldcr Luehs, I'Hgfc ct ic Jhgtaec. Dgtraluotdag î ih oidgdquc lc i'depcg-

sä fägähiafdquc (‗çgfcrui Ȕd jhgtaeh. Dgtraluocrc çg fcgchiafdc"), prcjhȝď lc
Jrhgæadsc Laita, Äldtdags lc Edgudt, 8423. (g.h.)
83
çg psdbhghidzď pcgtru phfdgh _odcgocs h kurghiu
kurghiuiud
iud Id`ärhtdag.
Crhe ou htàt ehd ourdahsď ou oàt, ureàgl cu çgsďe
çgsďedd a tcrhpdc
pc phroursui h trcdsprczcoc hgd, ou a jrcovcgȝď lc trcd Ȕcldgȝc
pc sďptďeàgď, oagsdlcrhe oď psdbhghidsth ech crh ug spcod
hidst ‗ealce", jddgl jarehtď çg Ȕoahih Ȕd çg fàgldrch ihohgd-
cgc4. Lc hitjci, eď euiȝuechu pc lcpidg rczuithtcic hocstud
praocs tcrhpcutdo çglciugfht, ohrc çed pcredscsc sď eď sdet
ehd `dgc çg pdcich ech Ȕd sď dgtru çgtr-ug ldhiaf lurh`di ou
occh oc saoatche cu h jd pďrȝdic ocic ehd dgoagȔtdcgtc hic jddg
ȝcd ecic.
Hitjci spus, gu crhe çgtru tatui rcocptdvď ih occh oc ureh
sď hjiu ih .hochstď prdeď çgtà
çgtàigdrc
igdrc ldg ehrtdc 8448. Oagocpȝdh
ech lcsprc psdbhghidzď crh icfhtď lc tcrhpdh pc ohrc a jďou
sce. Ȓd pcgtru h çgȝcicfc iuorurdic lcsprc ohrc çed var`ch ci,
trcùdh sď rcougaso idedtcic praocsuiud tcrhpcutdo pc ohrc çi
phrourscsce. çg tdep oc-8 hsouithe pavcstdglu-ed lcsprc
eugoh iud ou oapddd psdbatdod Ȕd ou jhediddic iar, he çgocput sď
lcsoapďr, trcptht, ocvh oc praprdh ech psdbhghidstď pďrch sď jd
dfgarht tathi.
^rdvdicfdui pc ohrc Ȕd-i hrafh Ldldcr Luehs eď lcruth; `h
sc sprdkdgch pc tcardh jrculdhgď, `h sc lcthȔh lc ch lupď ù
gui piho.a Eď
pc ohrc çgouroh
urehsc. A çgocpusc lc h var`d lcsprc tcrhpdh
Ȕd ealuiihiudvàrsth lc ugsprczcoc hgd Ȕd,
lc htugod, hvuscsc gu ehd puȝdg lc odgod psdbhghidȔtd ldjcrdȝd.
^rdg urehrc, vcrdjdohsc çglciugf cjdohodthtch tcardcd jrculdcgc,
lhr Ȕd idedtcic hocstcdh, htàt çg ohlrui tcrhpdcd pcrsaghic, oàt Ȕd
çg prhotdoh iud oidgdoď. \ahtc hocstch, ldg ohuzh pavcȔtdd shic
lc vdhȝď pc ohrc hvche sď a hjiu euit ehd tàrzdu Ȕd ohrc pď
rch cxtrhsď ldgtr-a guvciď h iud Mhjmh. Hvuscsc ug thtď jďrď
çgladhiď prch tàgďr pcgtru h-Ȕd putch lard oapdd, a eheď ohrc
4Khoquc Ihohg - psdbhghidst Ȕd psdbdhtru jrhgocz, suprhguedt ‗oci ehd oagtra -

vcrsht psdbhghidst lupď Jrcul" (g.rcl.)
8:
çȔd hicscsc lrcpt hi ladich saȝ ug jast lcpartht... Ȕd ou hsth he

spus tatui shu hprahpc tatui. Oci lc-hi ladich saȝ c jhsodght lc
oapdiui lc phtru hgd ohrc trďdcȔtc hiďturd lc ci. Ȓd-i çgsuȔcȔtc,
çd sobde`ď guecic Ȕd-i jhoc ehrtar Ȕd oagjdlcgt hi gcgaraodrdd
shic. @ďdcȝciui
çgsuȔd sc vclc oagjrugtht
hr jd oagsdlcrht-a ou aOue
pc fustui sďu. cgdfeď pc ohrc _jdgxui
sď çgfrdkcȔtd ug thtď
`àgtudt lc occh oc h trďdt çg ihfďrc1 Ldldcr Luehs h trcùdt sď
heàgc çglciugf rďspugsui ih hochstď cgdfeď, çg idpsh ugar dg
struecgtc lc fàgldrc. \crhpdh iud h çgocput ih ugsprczcoc hgd,
dhr ih vrcech hocch gdodug psdbaiaf gu crh ohph`di sď-d rczaivc
praìcecic oc depidohu trhdui ou hocst thtď gcùg. ‗Oàgl trh
vcrsczd pcrdahlh acldpdhgď hiďturd lc ug lcpartht, du`dglu-8 Ȕd
hvàglu-8 lrcpt ugdo sprdkdg çg jhȝh ugcd trhuec jďrď guec, rdȔtd
sď hkugfd oh ci, `àgtudt lc jhgtaeh ihfďrciar", ed-h lcstďdgudt
Ldldcr Luehs. ‗Guehd Jrhgæadsc Laita8> hr jd putut hkuth ug
puȔtd oh edgc! Lhr he çgȝcics iuorui hocsth euit ehd tàrzdu, ou
puȝdg tdep çghdgtc lc eahrtch cd, htugod oàgl he lcvcgdt prdc
tcgd." HȔhlhr, ih vrcech hocch, gdecgd gu Ȕtdh oc çgschegď sď
jdd `àgtudt. \atuȔd, Ldldcr Luehs pcrscvcrchzď, trcoàgl lc ih
ug psdbhghidst ih hitui Ȕd hkugfàgl, çg jdghi, sď sordc praprdh tc
ardc pc `hzh oďrcdh sc vh trhth88. Lc uglc Ȕd dgtcrcsui iud pcgtru
ocic ehd vuigcrh`dic sujictc; oapddd psdbatdod.
çg fcgcrhi, psdbhghidȔtdd sc tce lc oidcgȝdd çg jhȝh oďrarh sc
sdet lczhrehȝd. Ldldcr Luehs pďrch sď sc lcasc`chsoď lc oa
icfdd iud ehd hics lhtardtď eugodd shic ou ocd edod. Cxpcrdcgȝh
ou oapddd psdbatdod, oc rczagh ou praprdh sh cxpcrdcgȝď, çi oag
luscsc ih idedtcic ghturdd aecgcȔtd; hocȔtd oapdd, oagsdlcrhȝd çg
fcgcrhi lc`did, hu hlcsch hptdtuldgd oaephrh`dic ou hic eh
rdiar edstdod. _ugt oihrvďzďtard, tcicphȝd, çgȝcicf ide`hkui hgd
ehiciar shu sugt ohph`did sď sc hutahgcstczdczc. Dhtď, pc sourt,
8> Ecldo pcldhtru Ȕd psdbhghidst jrhgocz, rcguedtď pcgtru ocroctďrdic ou prdvdrc
ih pcrdahlh oapdiďrdcd, (g.rcl.)
88 Ldldcr Luehs, Bhgtdsc ct oidgdquc lc / Hutrc,
Hutrc , Äl. Hu`dcr, 8424. (g.h.)
86

occh oc çi lctcredgh pc Ldldcr Luehs sď oagsdlcrc tcardh hgh
idtdoď oihsdoď `h oh pc a vcobdturď prďjudtď, `h oh pc a `hzď h
praprddiar oďutďrd. Oci ehd lcruthgt pcgtru edgc crh htugod
oàgl var`ch lcsprc psdbazď.
çed spugch lc cxcepiu oď, iuoràgl ou Hidoc, a hlaicsocgtď
psdbatdoď lc phdsprczcoc hgd, çi ‗vďzusc pc ldhvai". Orclche
oď crh var`h lcsprc a sdepiď ecthjarď. Lhr gu! Dgtcrghtď lc ih
a vàrstď jahrtc jrhfclď, hochstď jctdȝď çȔd çglurh ecgstruhȝdh oh
pc a àhiď eagstruahsď. Lc çglhtď oc çd vcgch odoiui, çȔd seui
fch bhdgcic lc pc ch Ȕd sc lclh, pc iao, ih a ehstur`hrc lcz
iďgȝudtď, çg ohrc oarpui, scorcȝddic Ȕd sàgfcic gu ehd crhu lcoàt
lurcrd. Ci çgsuȔd gu Ȕtdh oc sď jhoď. Hidoc gu putch sď pragugȝc
lcoàt oàtcvh ouvdgtc. Ldldcr Luehs gu çgȝcicf ch gdedo ldg
çgȝcicfch
occh oc çgocroh ch sď cxprdec. ^àgď çg zduh çg ohrc, oďzàgl ih
pďeàgt, jhth d-h spus; ‗C raȔu, laeguic Luehs, jď-ed ocvh!"
Ldhvaiui lc ohrc sujcrch Hidoc sc rczueh ih a gcfhrc tathiď h
jcedgdtďȝdd, trhgsedsď lc ih ùgdoď ih eheh cd Ȕd hpad ih ch,
lcod lc-h iugfui h trcd fcgcrhȝdd.
Lhoď gc fàglde `dgc, lh, Hidoc d-8 çgjďȝdȔh
çgjďȝdȔhsc
sc obdhr pc ldh
vai. Oďod oc hitocvh cstc ldhvaiui çg ouiturh gahstrď, çg ohrc
phtrdhrbhtui s-h oiďldt pc hscrvdrch jcecdd, lhoď gu guecic lht
jrdodd hgocstrhic pravaohtc lc occh oc cstc jcecdcso1 Ar, dhtď
oc hguec çgocroh sď sdeàidzczc Hidoc pcgtru ‗laegui Lu
ehs", prdg cxprcsdvdthtch oarpuiud cd sujcrdgl80. HȔh çȔd jďoch
ch tcrhpdh.
Gu trcùdc sď udtďe oď, hlcsch, oapddd psdbatdod gu var`cso
shu, çg oci ehd ùg ohz, ldspug lc ug ide`hk ruldecgthr, oh
hocih hi iud Hidoc. Occh oc gu-d çepdcldoď çgsď oh, htugod oàgl
vdg ih ugsujcrdgȝh
cxprdec psdbhghidst, sď larchsoď
ou ‗rcsurscic lcsď ureczc
ohrc a tcrhpdc
ldspug". Ȕd sď-Ȕd
‗He rchidzht
Cstc occh oc Jrhgæadsc Laita h guedt ‗dehfdgch dgoagȔtdcgtď h oarpuiud"= vczd
80
ehd lcphrtc ohpdtaiui : Ȕd dgtcrvdui psdbhghidstuiud Vdiiy @hrrhd, (g.h.)
82
htugod oď crh oh ug oapdi lc aptsprczcoc iugd ohrc hr hvch ecg

struhȝdc", h hlďufht Ldldcr Luehs ou ceaȝdc.
HocȔtd zcoc hgd lc eugoď çgtr-ug spdthi lc oapdd oagstdtu
dhu, sc phrc, a cxpcrdcgȝď ohrc çi pradcothsc jďrď ecghkhecgtc
ldgoaia lc rcpcrcic scgzardhic Ȕd oagocptuhic pc ohrc ic pasc
lďe lc rcfuiď pcgtru h gc ardcgth çg vdhȝh lc zd ou zd. Ȓd, hs-
ouitàglu-8, çed spugche oď trcùdc sď cxdstc a ldjcrcgȝď çgtrc
occh oc sordscsc rcjcrdtar ih hocst su`dcot - a eďrturdc ecgdtď
sď jdc çgȝcichsď lc tahtď iuech - Ȕd cxpcrdcgȝh ‗cxtrh"-arldghrď
pc ohrc a trďdsc lhtardtď hocstar oapdd Ȕd ohrc juscsc batďràtah
rc çg turgurh iuhtď lc vaohȝdh sh lc psdbhghidst.
Lc oc çd lďlch vàrsth lc aptsprczcoc iugd iud Hidoc1 ^cgtru
oď, ih hochstď vàrstď, oapdiui cstc çgoď ug `c`ciuȔ, ci h`dh çgoc
pc sď var`chsoď, dhr ealhidthtch lc cxprdehrc lc ohrc ldspu
gc cstc taoehd hocch h oarpuiud...
‗Oapddd hocȔtdh hu jast oh gdȔtc ehrd çgvďȝďtard pcgtru
edgc", ed-h lcoihrht ci çg ehd euitc ràglurd. ‗Ou cd, gu ehd
putche aoaid jhptui oď gu hvche dgstruecgtc tcarctdoc pcgtru
h-d hkuth. Lhtardtď iar he çgȝcics oď `hzh vdcȝdd psdbdoc cstc oh
a «pdcic½ hioďtudtď ldg scgzhȝdd ldg eaecgt oc, hlcsch, ch cstc
sdgfurh pc ohrc a pasclď hocȔtd oapdd Ȕd lc ohrc sc pat jaiasd
oh sď oaeugdoc ou ug psdbhghidst. Cd sugt ocd ohrc e-hu lc
tcredght sď stuldcz, çg houpugoturď Ȕd thadse, ealui çg ohrc
scgzhȝdh cstc fàgldtď Ȕd tcarctdzhtď. \aȝd sujcrchu lc trhuec
hgocstrhic, hldoď lc `àgtudrc, oue çd spugce gad, lc «àhih
strďeaȔdiar½, patrdvdt lcguedrdd pc ohrc a rcfďsde çg ehkardth
tch ouiturdiar trhldȝdaghic. ^rdg urehrc, oapddd psdbatdod sc hjiď
ih ardfdgch dgtcrcsuiud ecu pcgtru stuldcrch «àidd strďeaȔd
iar½, h hociar zagc hic psdbdseuiud uehg idpsdtc lc ouvdgtc,
çg ohrc sďiďȔiudcso jhgtaecic jhedidhic. Oapddd psdbatdod phr sď
hd`ď lrcpt edsdugc rcphrhrch jďrď çgocthrc h trcoutuiud fcgch
iafdo hi jhedidcd iar. Cd sugt cxpiarhtard jďrď scheďg hd dgoag
Ȕtdcgtuiud trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi."
84

HȔh çi oagsdlcrh, lc cxcepiu, pc Kchg-Edobci, ug hlaics
ocgt lc gauďsprczcoc hgd, hutdst ldg ghȔtcrc. Kchg-Edobci crh
alhtď pc ug
tďout oh odgcvh çg aobd.Ȕd\aȝd
eareàgt sc çgoďpďȝàg
çgoďpďȝàgh gu prdvchsoď
oapddd ohrch scsďlczvaitď garehi gdod
hu
a prdvdrc prajuglď, a prdvdrc frďdtahrc. Ohrc eheď g-h sdeȝdt
lcsjďthrch lc h-Ȕd oujuglh prdvdrch çg hocst aochg lc dgaocgȝď!
Lahegh Icàds g-h ougasout gdodalhtď a hscecgch ùourdc
ou jdui cd oci ehrc, Kchg-Edobci. Oàt lcsprc psdbhghidstui iud,
çgtrc`hh oue sď praoclczc ou ug `ďdh
hocsth sc çgtrc` `ďdhtt ohrc sc edȔoh
prcoue ug pcȔtc, ohrc gu soatch a var`ď Ȕd çggcf rch çg çgtrcfd 
çggcfrch
ec, çg obdp lc lcscg, oaidic hi`c oc d sc lďlchu. Ldldcr Luehs
sc frď`cȔtc sď prcodzczc; ‗Lupď odgod edgutc lc ldsouȝdd ou
eheh iud, a «jcecdc sjàgtď½, eď ouprdglch a drczdstd`diď gc
vadc lc h lared. Ed s-h çgtàeçgtàepiht
piht lc ehd euitc ard sď hlare
lupď oc a prdeche. Eď oujuglhe çgtr-ug saeg pidg lc vdsc
Ȕd eď trczche ih arh ureďtahrcd çgtàigdrd prafrhehtc. Ed-hu
trcùdt hgd oh sď çgȝcicf oc hguec sc pctrcoch hoaia. Crh oh Ȕd
oue a dgsthgȝď dgoagȔtdcgtď ldg dgtcrdarui ecu eď aìdfh sds
tcehtdo sď trhgsjare çg vdsc iuorurdic lcsprc ohrc çed var`ch
jcecdh hocch. Oci ehd odulht c oď jcgaecgui ou ohrc eď oag
jrugthe prcjdfurh occh oc hvch sď-ed pcredtď sď çgȝcicf dsta
rdh fcgchiafdoď h iud Kchg-Edobci. Hochsth ed s-h çgjďȝd
çgjďȝdȔht
Ȕht prdg
dgtcrecldui ugud vds pc ohrc ed i-h pavcstdt jrhtcic iud."
Hshitht lc tat jciui lc jcgaecgc ecgthic frcu lc çgȝcics,
Ldldcr Luehs gu sc lď `ďtut. çgochroď sď lcsiuȔchsoď vdscic
pc ohrc hochstď eheď d ic pravahoď, occh oc-8 aìdfď sď sc prc
aoupc lc tcicphtdc. ‗Htàth tdep oàt a trhueď gu cstc hsuehtď,
ch rďeàgc vcȔgdo vdc. A trhueď ecgthiď cstc ug cvcgdecgt pc
ohrc struoturdic gahstrc psdbdoc gu rcuȔcso sď-i hsdediczc. Sg
cvcgdecgt eagstruas, çgspďdeàg
çgspďdeàgtďtar.
tďtar. Ocvh oc gu pahtc jd rc
lht çg ouvdgtc, lcsprc ohrc gu sc pahtc var`d= cstc jrdoh, frah
zh shu ruȔdgch! Ȓd, htugod oàgl ruȔdgch lc h jd jast depidohȝd çg
hoci cvcgdecgt trhuehtdzhgt gc dgtcrzdoc sď var`de lcsprc ci,
0>
çi çgobdlce çgtr-a cxpidohȝdc edgodgahsď. Hstjci, cvcgdecgtui

çgfraphtt çgtr
rcspcotdv, çgfraph çgtr-a
-a edgodugď, sc trhgsedtc lc ih dgoag
Ȕtdcgtui pďrdgȝdiar ih oci hi oapdiuiud, orcàgl occh oc psdbhghid
zh oagtceparhgď guecȔtc a «jhgtaeď½."
Hocstch jddgl zdsc, Ldldcr Luehs çed rcihtchzď pavcstch sd
guodlcrdd ociar lad strďùgdod ehtcrgd hd iud Kchg-Edobci, ohrc
s-hu spàgzurht oàgl s-hu çgtars ldg rďzàdui lc ih 848<. Zď
zàgl oď sugt oagstcrghtď lc hochstď shfh jhedidhiď lcegď lc
`hsecic jhgthstdoc hic iud Iavcorhjt shu Cwcrs, çed cxpidoď;
‗Occh oc ecgȝdgc vdc a trhueď - hldoď a jhgtaeď ohrc pahtc
-
jd trhgsedsď
frcȔdt. A dstardc trhgsedsď ou cstc
lcsocglcgȝdiar jhptui oďedgodgahsď
a cxpidohȝdc h jast dgtcrprcthtď
jhoc rh
vhfdd çg dgoagȔtdcgtui lcsocglcgȝdiar."
çgtr-a zd, hȔhlhr, Iuo, jrhtcic iud Kchg-Edobci, vdgc sď-d
pavcstchsoď ug vds hvut ou a gahptc çghdgtc, çg ohrc huzdsc
lauď vrďkdtahrc var`dglu-d lcsprc tdep Ȕd lcsprc eahrtc. Zd
sui iud Iuo çi çglcheg
çglchegďď pc Ldldcr Luehs sď sc dgtcrcsczc lc
ocic lauď strďùgdod ehtcrgc hic `ďdcȝdiar, pc ohrc ic hsaodhzď
ou ocic ‗lauď vrďkdtahrc" ldg vds. HȔh lcsoapcrď psdbhghids
tui trhueh hjihtď ih ardfdgch hutdseuiud lc ohrc sujcrch Kchg-
Edobci. ^cgtru hsth, h trcùdt sď sc çgtahroď çg tdep, pàgď ih
h phtrh fcgcrhȝdc pc idgdh ehtcrgď. Ocd lad strďùgdod hd iud
Kchg-Edobci purthu hocihȔd guec lc jhedidc, gchvàgl çgsď gd-
oda icfďturď lc rulcgdc. Ih rcvcgdrch ldg rďzàdui lc ih 848<,
ocd lad `ďr`hȝd s-hu sdguods, heàglad, prdg spàgzurhrc. ^cgtru
lahegh Icàds, eheh iud Kchg-Edobci, pc ohrc Ldldcr Luehs
a prcschzď ou çgtrc`ďrd, gu cxdstď hit eatdv lcoàt hocih ohrc d-h
jast prczcgtht çg jhedidc; ldg ohuzh ‗sďrďodcd praicthrc". ‗Oh
Ȕd oue sailhȝdd juscscrď oruȝhȝd lc sďrďodc Ȕd lc jahec çg trhg
Ȕcc!", çd rďspuglc psdbhghidstui. Hlcvďrhth cxpidohȝdc cstc ou
tatui hith, ugh tcrd`di lc lcrhgkhgtď pcgtru lahegh Icàds,
ohrc Ȕd-h oagsdlcrht çgtatlchugh ùgdo
ùgdodic
dic oh jddgl gdȔtc jcecd
hledrh`dic. çgtarȔd hohsď, lupď oc hu suprhvdcȝudt ugud rďzàd
08

htraoc, ocd lad `ďr`hȝd lcsoapcrď oď gu ehd cxdstď iao pcgtru
cd çg surard
sugt praprdui oďedg.
Ȕd, pc Heàglad
lurhth sc guecso
rďzàduiud, Icraux.
hu saoatdt _aȝddic
oď c ehd oaealiar
sď iaoudhsoď çeprcugď pcgtru h çgjrugth frcutďȝdic lc zd ou zd.
ûrtàgl hocihȔd guec, Icraux, cic s-hu trczdt ‗oďsďtardtc" ugh
ou hith, ugdtc prdg hocihȔd rcjuz lc h hoocpth rchidthtch lurď.
Gu ehd hvchu gcvadc lc `ďr`ht. çgtarȔd cpudzhȝd ldg rďzàd,
saȝdd iar hu lcvcgdt a pavhrď. Ȓd, oh ldg çgtàepihr
çgtàepihrc,c, heàglad
s-hu sdguods.
Ih fcgcrhȝdh ureďtahrc, sdguodlcrch hphrc çg ràglui jddoc
iar hocstar `ďr`hȝ
`ďr`hȝd=d= ehsohtď çg sphtcic ugcd cxpidohȝdd edgod
gahsc, jhgtaeh ociar lad ùgdod hoȝdagchzď. Ehd euitc jcecd
ldg jhedidc sc sdguodl, hrugoàglu-sc çg jàgtàgď. \ahtc hocstc
earȝd sugt pravaohtc lc jhptui oď ic-h idpsdt ug `ďr`ht ohrc jdc
ic-h h`hglaght, jdc h oaeds frcȔcid pc ohrc gu d ic-hu putut dcr
th. Sgh ldgtrc cic sc oďsďtarcȔtc ou vďrui cd prdehr, phroď pcg
tru h sc pratckh lc rhvhfddic hocstcd tcrd`dic jhgtaec. Hluoc pc
iuec a jhtď, pc eheh iud Kchg-Edobci. \atui phrc sď rcdgtrc çg
arldgc, guehd oď, ih fcgcrhȝdh ureďtahrc, prdeui oapdi hi hocs
tcd jcecd rcjuzď, çgoď lc ih ghȔtcrc, sď-Ȕd prdvchsoď eheh çg
aobd. C ug hutdst; Kchg-Edobci. ‗Hutdseui, çg hocst ohz, cstc rc
zuithtui ugud «dgocst fcgchiafdo½", oaecgtchzď ocroctďtarui.
‗Dgtcrldoȝdh dgocstuiud cstc a icfc ugdvcrshiď, dgldjcrcgt lc
ȝhrď Ȕd lc ouiturď. Ch fhrhgtchzď ohphodthtch ugcd jddgȝc aec
gcȔtd lc h trhgsedtc urehȔdiar sďd edkiahocic ohrc hsdfurď oag
tdgudthtch, çgiaoudrch. Dgocstui pďoďicȔtc icfdic vdcȝdd, làglu-d
lc çgȝcics oapdiuiud oď-Ȕd vh putch trďd vdhȝh hiďturd lc pďrdgȝdd
iud, oď gu-d vh pďrďsd gdodalhtď. Dgocstui çi jhoc pc oapdi sď orch
lď, hȔhlhr, oď eahrtch gu cxdstď. Hstjci, oapdiui gu ehd sdetc
gcvadh sď-Ȕd orcczc dgstruecgtcic ecgthic ohrc çd var pcredtc
sď trďdhsoď jďrď pďrdgȝdd iud Ȕd sď pahtď sď-d çgiaoudhsoď. Ar, oc
cstc ug hutdst1 Odgcvh ohrc, lc ih ùg çgocput, cstc lcpasclht
lc ohphodthtch lc h hooclc ih vàrsth hluitď. Oapdiuiud hutdst çd
00
cstc depasd`di sď-Ȕd prdvchsoď eheh çg aobd! Cstc occh oc d s-h

çgtàepiht
çgtàep iht Dud Kchg-E dobci çgoď lc Dh ghȔtcrc. Ȓd cu g-he çgȝcics
Kchg-Edobci
gdedo pàgď çg zduh çg ohrc, ecrfàgl çghpad çg tdep, ou phtru
fcgcrhȝdd çg ureď, he lht pcstc a çgtàeçgtàepihrc
pihrc ohrc oagtrhzdoc
icfdic oursuiud vdcȝdd. Ocic lauď strďùgdod ohrc pahrtď hocihȔd
guec pug çg prhotdoď orcldgȝh patrdvdt oďrcdh jcecdic g-hu gc
vadc lc `ďr`hȝd pcgtru h jd ehec; dhtď a gcfhrc h scxuhidtďȝdd
Ȕd h raiuiud thtďiud çg oagstruoȝdh ecgthiď h oapdiuiud! Ldg hoci
eaecgt, hochsth gcfhrc dgtrď çg hoȝdugc Ȕd sc trhgsedtc ldg
eheď çg jddoď, pcgtru h gu hjcoth dehfdgch «jcecdiar sjdgtc½
çg sphtcic oďrcdh sc hsouglc baeascxuhidthtch dgocstuahsď h
ociar lauď surard, h ociar lauď strďùgdod. çg iao sď piàgfď
eahrtch saȝdiar iar Ȕd sh sc fàglchsoď ih eatdvcic sdguodlcrdd
hocstarh, cic hu kustdjdoh
kustdjdoht-a
t-a prdg sďrďodh praicthrď. Occh oc oag
stdtudh och ehd sdfurď ectalď lc h ic dgtcrzdoc oapddiar sď Ȕtdc
lc oc hu eurdt thȝdd iar. HȔhlhr, ih vrcech hocch, he guedt
hocst jhpt ug «dgocst fcgchiafdo½. I-hȔ jd putut gued, ih jci lc
`dgc, «phrtcgafcgczď
âvcstch fcgchiafdoď½!"
iud Kchg-Edobci phrc htàt lc dgorcld`diď çgoàt,
htugod oàgl a lcsoapcrde çg I—Hgfc ct ih Jhgtaec, gc çgtrc`ďe
lhoď cstc var`h lcsprc rchidthtc shu jdoȝdugc. Gc-hr piďoch sď
orclce oď cstc var`h lc a phtaiafdc ohrc gu gc prdvcȔtc, ohrc
gu-d prdvcȔtc pc ahecgdd garehid. ‗Ldepatrdvď, trch`h hsth gc
prdvcȔtc pc taȝd!", hjdreď Ldldcr Luehs. ‗Ahecgdiar ohrc gu
çgȝcicf
çgȝci cf raiui psdbatdodiar çg iuec ic rďspugl oď cd sc hjiď hdod
pcgtru h gc çgvďȝh occh oc gu ougahȔtce lcsprc iuorurdic pc
ohrc ic trhgsedtce ih gdvci ecgthi Ȕd spdrdtuhi. Cd hu jast prdedd
ohrc e-hu jďout sď vďl rchidthtch dgoagtcsth`diď h trhgsedtcrd
iar fcgchiafdoc çg vdhȝh ecgthiď h ardoďrud dgldvdl. Oapddd psd-
batdod cxprdeď shu pavcstcso iuorurd pc ohrc, h prdard, gdecgd
gu ic çgȝcicfc. Dgsď, htugod oàgl çd hsouitďe ou htcgȝdc, gc lďe
scheh oď, lc jhpt, hocȔtd oapdd cxpiarchzď trcoutui jhedidhi ohrc
h jďout ldg cd occh oc sugt. Cstc oh Ȕd oue Ȕd-hr pctrcoc och ehd
0?
ehrc phrtc ldg tdep odrouiàgl çg dgoagȔtdcgtui ehecd iar, çg

oďuthrch du`drdiar cd pdcrlutc; ùgdodic, ùgdodd shu eďtuȔdic
lc ih ohrc ch, shu praprdh cd eheď, gu Ȕd-h putut iuh gdodalhtď
rďehs ùg. Ȓd, çg hocst ugdvcrs-jhgtaeď, sdgfurui pcrsaghk lc
gcfďsdt, hocih pc ohrc gu rcuȔcso gdodalhtď sď-8 lcsoapcrc, cstc
praprdui iar thtď. Hsth gu çgscheg
çgschegďď oď eheh gu çi du`cȔtc pc
thtď. Lc ocic ehd euitc ard, thȝdd oapddiar psdbatdod sugt `ďr`hȝd
jdlcid, lhr gu prch hu ug ouvàgt lc spus çg cluohȝdh oapddiar.
Gdod vcgdrch
ecic pc iuec
dhu hochstď h oapdiuiud
batďràrc. g-h jast lcodzdh
Cic oagsdlcrď, iar. Lahr
lupď oue eh
çed spu
gch ugh ldgtrc ehec, oď ‗`ďr`hȝdd trďdcso pc a hitď pihgctď".
DȔd hsueď sdgfurc orcȔtcrch oapdiuiud Ȕd lcfch`h çi hrc edouȝui
lrcpt thtď pc `ďr`htui ou ohrc trďdcso cic, pcgtru oď gu-8 hulc
gdodalhtď spugàgl ocvh. Oci ehd rďu cstc oď hocȔtd `ďr`hȝd phr
h jd pc lcpidg shtdsjďouȝd lc sthtutui iar. Cstc Ȕd eatdvui pcgtru
ohrc, htugod oàgl çd çgtrc`ďe pc oapddd psdbatdod lcsprc thtďi
iar, cd çi prczdgtď, çg ugui ldg lauď ohzurd, gu oh pc ug thtď, oh
pc ug pďrdgtc rcspagsh`di lc prczcgȝh iar, od oh pc ug sad lc
jrhtc ehd ehrc ohrc a hkutď pc eheď sď-Ȕd hsuec frchuh shr
odgď h ehtcrgdtďȝdd. ^cgtru hocstc ehec, `ďr`h`ďr`hȝdd
ȝdd gu cxdstď ou
hlcvďrht.
HutdȔtdd lcgugȝď, prdg cxdstcgȝh iar, tďocrd edgodgahsc. Cd
dhu hsuprh iar, jďrď oh gdecgd ldg jhedidc sď-Ȕd lch scheh lc
hsth, tat occh oc ocdihiȝd gu pat gdod sď spugď, gdod sď fàglchsoď.
^rdg euȝcgdh iar, çȔd pratckchzď pďrdgȝdd lc hlcvďrurd prch lu
rcrahsc. Ȓd lhoď, hȔh oue ed-h spus Jrhgæadsc Laita rcjcrdtar
ih pďrdgȝdd iud Kchg-Edobci, hocȔtdh hu oagsuitht ug psdbhghidst
h`dh oàgl oapdiui h çepi
çepidgdt
dgdt Ȕhptc hgd, putce oagobdlc oď sugt
Ȕhgsc ehrd oh cd sď jd rcsdeȝdt a gcvadc dgoagȔtdcgtď, lhr ta
tuȔd vdthiď oh edouȝui sď rďeàgď hȔh oue c. ^rdg urehrc, ldg
hochstď pcrspcotdvď, psdbazh cstc lcstdgui ugud lcsocglcgt sh
ordjdoht, a lavhlď, lhoď crh gcvadc, oď occh oc guecso cu ohgd
`hidse jhedidhi cxdstď ou hlcvďrht. Ȓd jďrď hghidzh fcgchiafdcd
0<
gu putce çgȝcicfc gdedo ldg hochstď ldecgsdugc h`saiut dg

oagȔtdcgtď h lcvarďrdd ecgthic."
Hocstc ldsouȝdd lcsprc psdbazď stàrgcso çg edgc a jurtugď

lc çgtrc`ďrd; oue cstc pasd`di oh ug strďeaȔ pc ohrc gu i-he
ougasout gdodalhtď sď gc dgjiucgȝczc tatuȔd7 oursui vdcȝdd1
* 7 Oue
pahtc ci sď ehrobczc lcstdgui lcsocglcgȝdiar sďd, oh Ȕd oue
ic-hr lh shrodgh lc h spugc shu lc h jhoc occh oc ci çgsuȔd g-h
putut rchidzh oàt h trďdt1 Htugod oàgl sdeptaecic pravdg ldg-
tr-a `àgtudrc, oci ohrc ic çglurď gu ic pahtc çgȝcicfc `hzàg-
lu-sc guehd pc trďdrdic iud. çg hochstď sdtuhȝdc, cvcgdecgtcic
dstardcd jhedidhic Ȕd, ehd ou scheď, hocich ohrc hu jast trcoutc
su` tďocrc ohpďtď a scegdjdohȝdc oruodhiď. Dhtď ocvh oc sobde`h
çg eal oagsdlcrh`di oagocpȝdh pc ohrc ed-a jďousce lcsprc
psdbhghidzď pc phroursui praprdcd ecic tcrhpdd, Ȕd hsth eď tui
ùrh prajugl.
HȔhlhr, çghreh tď ou phgapidh ech pcrsaghiď lc dehfdgd,
çghrehtď
he stďrudt ou çgtrc` ďrdic hlcshtc iud Ldldcr Luehs;
çgtrc`ďrdic
“ Lcod jhgtaeh g-hr jd hitocvh lcoàt ug sdepiu ‗gcspus"8?1
“ Cxhot! Cstc a idpsď lc rcprczcgthrc, ug fai çg ouvdgtc,
a dgsujdodcgȝď h var`ciar pďrdgȝdiar gaȔtrd rcjcrdtahrc ih scxu
hidthtc Ȕd ih eahrtc, hȔh oue cd çgȔdȔd - shu strďeaȔdd iar! - hu
trcùdt sď Ȕd ic hsuec.
“ Lhr lc oc he gued hocst jcgaecg a ‗jhgtaeď"1
“_c çgtàepiď oh hochstď idpsď lc ouvdgtc sď jdc cxprcsdh
ugcd trhuec psdbdoc ohrc s-h pralus çg trcout pc idgdh lcsocg
lcgȝdiar. \rhueh cstc ug htcgtht ih dgtcfrdthtch jddgȝcd. Hocst
htcgtht cstc oci ohrc sc trhgsedtc lc ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih dgoagȔtd
cgt. Oapdiui lcvdgc uitdeui lcpazdthr hi iud Ȕd, pcgtru h uepic
hochstď h`scgȝď h ouvdgtciar pc ohrc a eaȔtcgcȔtc, çȔd orcchzď
8?çg D`. jrhgoczď; ‗ic gag-ldt". \crecgui lcscegchzď hdod ug cvcgdecgt, ug
jhpt rcsdeȝdt oh jddgl trhuehtdzhgt Ȕd ohrc, ldg hochstď ohuzď, cstc hsougs, trcout
su` tďocrc, gccxprdeht, (g.tr.)
03

dehfdgd ohrc, ehd tàrzdu, ih vàrsth hluitď, hr putch sď rchphrď
çg vdscic Ȕd çg jhgthsecic shic scxuhic. Gcspusui jugoȝdagch
zď oh ug ‗obdrdhȔ" ohrc, alhtď dgtcfrht, pahtc sď sc ehgdjcstc
`ruso prdg tuiùrďrd psdbdoc shu prdg saehtdzďrd.
“ Dg hocst ohz, gu putce var`d lcsprc a ‗jhgthseď"1 Lc oc
sď dgtraluoce ug gau tcrecg1
“ Ouvàgtui ‗jhgthseď" cstc a orchȝdc h psdbhghidzcd. Ci
gu cxdstď çg ldoȝdaghrcic ldghdgtch hocstud çgocput lc scoai. çg
ldoȝdaghrui Idttrc ldg 82:?, hphr tcrecgdd ‗jhgtczdc" shu ‗jhg-
thsehtdo". Hocsth ldg ureď lcscegchzď tat oc hrc icfďturď ou
dehfdgch jhgtaecd. Ouvàgtui ‗jhgthseď" hphrc çg ldoȝdaghrui
Ihraussc ldg 8400, lhr jďrď h sobde`h scgsui dgdȝdhi hi tcrec
guiud ‗jhgthsehtdo". ‗Jhgtaeď" Ȕd ‗jhgthseď" sugt, hȔhlhr,
stràgs icfhtc çgtrc cic. _u` jareh ugud vcr`, cxprcsdh ‗h hvch
jhgthsec" lcscegchzď a hotdvdthtc psdbdoď oc kahoď ug rai de
parthgt çg jarehrch spdrdtuiud uehg. Jhgthseh cstc rczuithtui
ugcd ohphodtďȝd h spdrdtuiud, ug eal lc cxprdehrc çg ohrc struo
turdic gahstrc psdbdoc utdidzchzď hitocvh lcoàt ouvdgtcic, oci ehd
hlcsch dehfdgdic. HȔhlhr, cstc a fàgldrc çg dehfdgd, hsceďgď
tahrc ocicd ohrc hoȝdagchzď çg vds. Ar, `dzhrcrddic hocstcd fàg
ldrd, h`surldthtch shu hphrcgth dgoacrcgȝď h hocstar dehfdgd
pat sceghih, ih jci oh ardohrc hitď dlcc odulhtď ohrc gc trcoc prdg
edgtc, a jhgtaeď; a h`scgȝď h rcprczcgtďrdd vcr`hic pravcgdgl
ldg psdbdoui pďrdgȝdiar gaȔtrd, hd oďrar eaȔtcgdtard sugtce.
Ed sc pďrch dgtcrcshgtď oagtdgudthtch pc ohrc a dgtraluoch
Ldldcr Luehs çgtrc gaȝdugdic lc ‗jhgthseď" Ȕd lc ‗jhgtaeď".
Ed-crh çgsď frcu sď-ed çgobdpud occh oc ci guech ‗`dzhrcrddic"
fàgldrdd çg dehfdgd, hȔh oď d-he ocrut ehd euitc lcthidd.
“ C var`h lcsprc tahtc h`surldtďȝdic ohrc fhrgdscso ldsour
sui pcrsahgcd supusc psdbhghidzcd, dlcdic lc ohrc çd cstc ruȔdgc,
ocic lcsprc ohrc çd cstc frcu sď var`chsoď, lhr ohrc a su`ku
fď. _ď iuďe ohzui ugcdh ldgtrc oidcgtcic ecic. HȔtcpth ug oa
pdi Ȕd sujcrď ug hvart. Zdgc ih Ȕcldgȝď piàgfàgl; ‗Ed-he uods
0:
oapdihȔui!", lcoihrď ch, ldspcrhtď. A hkut sď phrourfď pcrdahlh

lc laidu. çi çgobcdc, lhr rďeàgc oagvdgsď oď pdcrlcrch jďtuiud
s-h pralus ldg ohuzh jhptuiud oď hocsth crh a jhtď. G-hvch gd-
odug eatdv sď fàglchsoď hsth= ih vrcech hocch, coafrhjdh gu
crh ug cxhecg lc rutdgď, oue cstc çg prczcgt. Dhtď, hȔhlhr,
a jhgthseď, a dlcc h`surlď, pc ohrc g-he putut s-a icfďe lc
pavcstch cd. \rco lad hgd. Jcecdh hluoc pc iuec ug `ďdcȝci
pcrjcot sďgďtas. Cstc vdzdthtď lc och ehd tàgďrď ldgtrc surardic
ehecd cd. çg prczcgȝh hocstud gau-gďsout, `ďtràgh çd pavcstcȔ
tc oď uitdeui gďsout hi praprdcd cd ehec, ohrc crh dgjdredcrď,
juscsc a jctdȝď lcsprc ohrc ecldodd lcoihrhscrď oď g-hrc gdoda
Ȕhgsď sď trďdhsoď. ^rdg urehrc, oapdih h jast pusď çgtr-a outdc
lc phgtajd Ȕd iďshtď sď eahrď lc jahec. Hsouitàgl-a pc eďtu
Ȕh cd pavcstdgl hochstď çgtàepihrc, oidcgth ech h çgȝcics `ruso
lc oc lczvaithsc jhgthseh lc h jd uods a jhtď, pargdgl lc ih ug
cvcgdecgt, lcsdfur, lurcras, lhr lc ohrc ch gu crh gdodlcoue
rcspagsh`diď, pcgtru oď juscsc var`h lcsprc ug hvart spagthg.
“ Ȓd oidcgth gu crh ih ourcgt ou hochstď çgtàepihrc1 Eheh
cd gu-d var`dsc gdodalhtď lcsprc hsth1
“ Gu, Ȕd, `dgcçgȝcics, ďsth-d oci ehd udedtar iuoru! H çgtrc-
`ht-a hpad pc eheh cd. Hochsth ldg ureď gu-Ȕd ehd hedgtch
gdedo lcsprc cpdsalui rcspcotdv! Cvcgdecgtui juscsc oaepict
lht udtďrdd, Ȕtcrs ldg eceardh cd. Pchpďrusc ih eďtuȔh oidcgtcd,
Luegczcu Ȕtdc lc oc! Ih vclcrch gau-gďsoutuiud, pra`h`di.
çg ohzui lc jhȝď, s-h trhgseds, lc ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih dgoagȔtd
cgt, ug ‗vdl lc ouvdgtc" icfht lc vdh`didthtch jctciar, pcgtru
oď eheh oidcgtcd udthsc tathi lc sourth cxdstcgȝď h hocicd uitd
ec surdahrc h cd. Oidcgth ech g-hr jd Ȕtdut pra`h`di gdedo lc
sprc hochstď lrheď lhoď eďtuȔh cd gu d-hr jd pavcstdt-a. Oàgl
cxdstď trhuec departhgtc çgtr-a jhedidc, earȝd prdg sdguodlc 
rc shu `c`ciuȔd lcoclhȝd, hocstc cvcgdecgtc rďeàg vdd çg dg
oagȔtdcgt Ȕd, lhoď ocd ohrc ic suprhvdcȝudcso gu var`cso lcsprc

cic, çgtàepiďrdic rcspcotdvc sc trhgsedt lc ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih
06

dgoagȔtdcgt su` jareď lc jhgtaec. çg ohlrui tcrhpddiar, obdhr
Ȕd htugod oàgl oci ohrc sujcrď gu Ȕtdc gdedo lcsprc cvcgdecg
tui ohrc çi `àgtudc, hphrc çgtatlchugh, ih ug eaecgt lht, od
gcvh - prcoue hochstď eďtuȔď - pcgtru ohrc çgtàepihrch çg
ohuzď, pc ohrc taȝd ocdihiȝd hu udtht-a, h rďehs oàt sc pahtc lc
vdc. A`scrvďe hstjci oue a jhgthseď pahtc pravcgd ldgtr-a
jràgturď
jhgtaeh!lc dstardc
Cstc urehhgocstrhiď ohrc h hjast
ugcd sujcrdgȝc lhtď
ugar udtďrdd. Hsth
strďeaȔd cstc
hd gaȔtrd,
ohrc g-h putut jd spusď!
HȔhlhr, çg ohidthtc lc a`dcot oidgdo, jhgtaeh gu pdcrlc gd

edo ldg çgsuȔdrd
çgsuȔdrdic
ic pc ohrc d ic htrdùdc lc rcfuiď idtcrhturh. Ldg
pcrspcotdvh psdbhghidzcd oc-8 stuldhzď prdg prdseh iafdodd cjco
tciar shic, ugdvcrsui ohptdvhgt hi iud _dgfcr hphrc çgoď Ȕd ehd
vcrasdedi. Hsougsď çg psdbdoui uehg, jhgtaeh cstc ug iaohthr
tcghoc Ȕd pcrjdl çg hoȝdugch iud lc ldstrufcrc Ȕd lcstruoturhrc
lc-h iugfui ehd euitar fcgcrhȝdd. Dhr hocst phrhzdtdse sc ldjc
rcgȝdhzď oihr lc oci hi hegczdcd ohrc gc ehsobchzď cvcgdecg
tcic ldg oapdiďrdc, guedt lc Jrcul ‗rcjuihrc".
Jrcul h jaglht psdbhghidzh oàgl h lcsoapcrdt oď tuiùrďrdic
dstcrdoc sugt ouvdgtc oc gu rcuȔcso sď jdc rastdtc. Ci h oagsdlc
rht oď ardfdgch hocstcd h`scgȝc h ouvdgtciar sc rcfďscȔtc çg cvc
gdecgtcic oapdiďrdcd tdepurdd ohrc, rcjuihtc jddgl, hu jast lhtc
udtďrdd. Ȓd-h oagstrudt hstjci tcardh rcjcrdtahrc ih hegczdh dgjhg
tdiď jďrď h iuh çg ohioui raiui kuoh
kuohtt lc dgoagȔtdcgtui pďrdgȝdiar
çg oagstdtudrch dgoagȔtdcgtuiud oapdiuiud. Hochsth cstc ihough
pc ohrc a uepic tcardh dgoagȔtdcgtuiud trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi Ȕd h
jhgtaecd, pcgtru oď ch cvdlcgȝdhzď jhptui oď trhuecic rcspag
sh`dic lc ugcic sdeptaec psdbdoc gu sc sdtuchzď gchpďrht çg
oapdiďrdh ociud ohrc sujcrď lc cic. Jhgtaeh ohrc çi `àgtudc pc
jdu pahtc pravcgd ldg dstardh thtďiud', h ehecd shu h ugud strď
eaȔ ehd çglcpďrtht. Ch s-hr putch lcjdgd oh a cgoihvď, a cgtd
thtc, ug a`dcot dgoagȔtdcgt ohrc sc trhgsedtc çg eal ldrcot, lc
02
ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih dgoagȔtdcgt, jďrď Ȕtdrch fhzlciar shic. Hstjci,

jhgtaeh lcsobdlc ohich ugcd gad hàrlďrd oidgdoc Ȕd ugcd gad
oagocpȝdd h dgoagȔtdcgtuiud, ehd hepiď Ȕd ehd jicxd`diď lcoàt h
iud Jrcul, pcgtru oď tcardh dgoagȔtdcgtuiud trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi
orcchzď a pugtc çgtr
çgtrcc dgoagȔtdcgtui dgldvdluhi hi iud Jrcul Ȕd
dgoagȔtdcgtui oaicotdvcstc
Oci ehd odulht hi iud
oď Kugf.
hochstď tcardc h dgoagȔtdcgtuiud
trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi hphrc hzd çg çgsuȔd edczui fàgldrdd oagtce
parhgc Ȕd oď ch c oagsdlcrhtď lrcpt gauthtc çg psdbhghidzď. Ȓd
hsth lcȔd gu cxdstď trhldȝdc çg ohrc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui sď gu
jdc cscgȝdhi, çgocpàgl lc ih ugh ldgtrc oďrȝdic jaglhtahrc hic
odvdidzhȝddiar gahstrc, Ȕd hguec @dìdh.
Hochstď vdzdugc ‗oarcspuglc ougasoutciar cxpidohȝdd ed
tdoc Ȕd rcidfdahsc hic vdcȝdd aecgcȔtd", rcehroď psdbhghidsth
Ehrdc @hiehry8<, ohrc, ih jci oh hiȝd oàȝdvh hghidȔtd, s-h aoupht
lc edtaiafdh `dìdoď. Çgtr-hlcvďr, putce rcehroh, çg edturdic
gahstrc rcidfdahsc, cxdstcgȝh ugcd vdzdugd hgocstrhic h trhgs
edtcrdd ‗pďohtuiud" h`saiut prcodsc. Ed-h lcvcgdt oihr hocst
iuoru htugod oàgl he cxpiarht çglci çglciugf
ugf Zcobdui \csthecgt83
çeprcugď ou Ldldcr Luehs. \rhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui cstc hoaia
cicecgtui ocgtrhi. Luegczcui `dìdo c lcjdgdt lrcpt oci ohrc
hrc çg frdkď eaȔtcgdrdic ldg thtď çg jdu, ùgc shu rcic, lcod ‗pď
ohtcic thȝdiar". çg Cxalui (0>, 3-:), sc spugc lcsprc cic oď var
jd trhgsedsc lc-h iugfui h trcd shu phtru fcgcrhȝdd. Pcfďsde
hocchȔd dlcc çg Ohrtch iud Czcobdci (82, 0), uglc ch hphrc su`
jareuih; ‗\hȝdd hu eàgoht hfurdlď Ȕd oapddiar id s-hu strcpczdt
ldgȝdd". Jareuih c rciuhtď oh hthrc çg Ohrtch iud Dcrcedh (?8,
04), oh ihdteatdv hi ugcd fàgldrd oc ic htrdùdc thȝdiar çgtrchfh
rcspagsh`didthtc pcgtru sujcrdgȝcic spdrdtuhic ohrc çd iavcso pc
urehȔdd iar.
8< @hiehry, I'baeec hux sthtucs, Frhssct, 8464. (g.h.)
Ehrdc
83 Gdgh Ohghuit, ‗îagfäc psyobhghiytdquc lhgs ih @dìc", çg I'Hotuhidtä rcid-
fdcusc, 83 lcoce`rdc 844<. (g.h.)
04
\rhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui cstc cscgȝdhi Ȕd çg thadse, a fàgldrc
hpďrutď ou oàtcvh scoaic çghdg
çghdgtch
tch crcd gahstrc. Fàgldrch trh
ldȝdaghiď obdgczď pc ohrc sc `hzchzď houpugoturh rcougahȔ
tc cxdstcgȝh ugar cgtdtďȝd, h hociar Fud8: ou sthtut lc jhgtaec
pc ohrc rdsoďe sď ic fďzlude çg gad oàgl vdgc tahegh, lhoď
gdd Ȕtde
gu Ȕd ih gc
dcs sď pratckďe.
dvchiď Cic laredtchzď
prdeďvhrh, su` jareď lc tat phroursui
pc àhiď. \aoehddcr
lc

hocch, çg Obdgh sc jďochu tahegh tat jciui lc rdtuhiurd pcgtru

h ic hiugfh. Hocstc ‗spdrdtc" rcprczdgtď, pcgtru thadȔtd, oae
pagcgtc ghturhic hic struoturdd spdrdtuhic hic pcrsahgcd. Cic
pravdg ldg â, tcrecg ohrc lcscegchzď phrtch och ehd tcrcs
trď h sujictuiud. HocȔtd â oagtraichzď ehrdic jugoȝdugd hic dg
ldvdluiud; ecthàidseui, brhgh scgzardhiď, hjcotdvď, scxuhiď,
ehtcrdhiď. Lcvdg pcrdouiaȔd guehd htugod oàgl sc h`ht lc ih
lrueui iar jdrcso ohrc, lupď eahrtch dgldvdluiud, prcsupugc
çgtahrocrch
çgtahrocr ch çg pďeàgt. Lhoď çgsď cstc var`h lcsprc a eahr
tc ‗hgarehiď", lc a eahrtc vdaicgtď, gchȔtcpthtď Ȕd, lrcpt ur
ehrc, trhuehtdoď, cxdstď rdsoui oh hocȔtd â sď vrch sď sc hfhȝc
lc vdhȝď. Htugod, pcgtru oď gu-Ȕd ehd fďscso lrueui oďtrc pď
eàgt, cd çd phrhzdtchzď pc ocd vdd su` jareď lc Fud, lc spdrdtc
rďujďoďtahrc. HȔhlhr, rdtuhiurdic jugcrhrc hvchu a departhgȝď
oagsdlcrh`diď pcgtru vcobdd obdgczd, ohrc gu udthu gdodalhtď
sď hȔczc a stciď ih iaoui praluocrdd ugud hoodlcgt shu h ugcd
earȝd vdaicgtc.
@àgtudrch cstc a phtaiafdc ecgthiď rcougasoutď çg tahtc
ouiturdic, odvdidzhȝddic Ȕd rcidfddic vcobd86. Dg Dglagczdh, tďeď
ludtardd ohrc a trhtchzď sc guecso Lumug, çg Oarcch lc _ul,
Eusthgf, çg Hjrdoh, vrhod, çg rczcrvhȝddic dgldcgc ldg Hecrd
oh lc Garl, ecldodgc-ecg. \aȝd hocȔtd vdglcoďtard Ȕtdu sď rc
ougahsoď Ȕd sď trhtczc occh oc cd guecso, jdcohrc çg ide`h iud,
8: _c pragugȝď ‗Mwhçc". (g.h.)
86 Zczd, pcgtru a hghidzď ehd oaepictď h `àgtudrdd çg ocicihitc trhldȝdd; Ldldcr Lu-
ehs, Bhgtdsc ct Oidgdquc lc i'Hutrc, ap. odt. (g.h.)
?>
‗àhih strďeaȔdiar"; jhptui oď spdrdtui ugud eart sc çgtah

çgtahroc
roc sď
phrhzdtczc ug vdu. ^rczcgȝh hocstar jhgtaec cstc çgtatlchugh
cxpidohtď prdg ghturh earȝdd iar. Jhgtaecic rcvdg pcgtru oď
eahrtch rcspcotdvď h jast vdaicgtď, lhr ehd hics gchȔtcpthtď,
Ȕd pcgtru
putut oď, ldspďrut
çgobcdh prcehtur,
odoiui vdcȝdd. Ci gu lcjugotui ‗sujcrď"
h putut gdod oď guuitd
sď-Ȕd spugď Ȕd-h
eui ouvàgt, gdod sď-Ȕd rchidzczc ocic ehd lrhfd pihgurd, hȔh oď
çgochroď houe sď jhoď hocstc iuorurd pugàgl stďpàgdrc pc oar
pui ociar vdd. Oaglheghtď sď rďtďochsoď, jhgtaeh çȔd `àgtudc
urehȔdd jďrď h putch hkugfc ih sthtutui lc strďeaȔ `dgcjďoďtar.
Ȓd çg Cvui Ecldu spdrdtcic crhu oagsdlcrhtc oh jddgl ocic
ohrc pravahoď tuiùrďrd psdbdoc. Zdglcoďtardd Ȕd cxarodȔtdd ldg
Aoodlcgt gu oae`ďtchu ahrc, Ȕd cd, ‗spdrdtcic rcic"1 çgtr-ug jci,
jcgaecgui fcgchiafdo cstc prctutdglcgd Ȕd, pcgtru edgc, hlc
vďrhth surprdzď h jast sď-8 lcsoapďr çg edtui iud Acldp, uglc
aoupď ug iao tat htàt lc departhgt oh çg @dìdc! \aoehd odtdsce
I'baeec hux sthtucs℠ lc Eďrdc @hiehry. Hghidzh pc ohrc a rc
hidzchzď ch çg hochstď ohrtc çg prdvdgȝh edtuiud iud Acldp hrc
ug ohrhotcr çg eal oihr fcgchiafdo, pcgtru oď sc çgtahroc çg
tdep ih fcgcrhȝdh thtďiud iud Acldp, Ihdas, pcgtru h cvdlcgȝdh
frcȔchih phtcrgď Ȕd icfďturh ldgtrc hochstď frcȔchiď Ȕd lcstdgui
jduiud sďu, Acldp.
çg zduh hocch, ureh sď-i vdzdtcz pc Ldldcr Luehs, pc ohrc-8
oagsdlcrhe lc-houe prdgodphiui ecu oarcspaglcgt çg hocst
laecgdu.
“ Oue vď cxpidohȝd oď Jrcul g-h iuht çg scheď, ldg ed
tui iud Acldp, lcoàt pavcstch praprdu-zdsď h iud Acldp1 i-he
çgtrc`ht
çgtrc `ht cu. Icfcglh ugud ae ohrc çȔd aeahrď thtďi Ȕd sc oď
sďtarcȔtc ou eheh sh gu hrc gdodlcoue hocihȔd scgs oàgl hgh
idzďe dstardh jhedidhiď h iud Acldp. Arhoaiui ohrc-d prczdoc iud
Ihdas oď vh jd uods lc praprdui jdu cstc oagsuitht lc ug thtď*
82 Aeui ou sthtud, (g.tr.)

?8

ajcgsht, rcfcic ^ciaps. Ihdas Ȕd-h sclus jdui, pc Obrysdppas,
Ȕd hocsth ldg ureď sc sdguodlc lc ruȔdgc. FrcȔchih iud Acldp
cstc, ehd çgtàd, hocch h thtďiud sďu, Ihdas. Lhoď g-hr jd cxdstht
hochstď frcȔchiď, Acldp g-hr jd hvut lcstdgui trhfdo pc ohrc çi
ougahȔtce. Ci gu jhoc hitocvh lcoàt sď piďtchsoď frcȔcidic th
tďiud sďu!
“ C ldjdodi lc hjiht lhoď Jrcul h stuldht shu gu çg pra
jugzdec Ȕd çg lcthidu hgsheìui hocstud edt. Ci çi hghidzchzď
lahr pargdgl lc ih Acldp rcfc, pdcsh iud _ajaoic. Ȓd eatdvui
prdgodphi pcgtru ohrc gu Ȕd-h pus ehd euitc çgtrc`ďrd c oď pdc
sh hvch sujdodcgtc cicecgtc pcgtru h kustdjdoh occh oc-8 dgtcrc
sh; ldecgsdugch dgjhgtdiď h lardgȝcd aecgcȔtd. Acldp rcfc ihsď
çg ue`rď çgtrchfh fcgchiafdc h iud Acldp, lhr, pcgtru h

icfc lcstdgui phrdodl Ȕd dgocstuas lc ohrc h hvut phrtc hocs çgȝc 
th, trcùdc ecrs çghpad çg tdep pc idgdh phtcrgď ehd lcphrtc

lcoàt h jďout-a Ehrdc @hiehry. Lcsdfur, hȔh oue h a`scrvht
Jrcul, ldecgsdugch lardgȝcd dgoagȔtdcgtc cstc jahrtc prczcg
tď çg hocst edt. Lhr dgoagȔtdcgtui ohrc fuvcrgchzď lcstdgui iud
Acldp c prczcgtht çg eal jahrtc oihr lrcpt ug dgoagȔtdcgt lc
lcsocglcgȝď, oc hrc icfďturď htàt ou thtďi Ȕd ou ùgdoui sďu, oàt
Ȕd ou Acldp çgsuȔd. ^ra`h`di oď Jrcul gu h scsdzht hocst iuoru,
lhr Iävd-_trhuss i-h rcehroht. Ci a`scrvď oď guecic ociar trcd
rcfd hd \bc`cd phr sď dgldoc jhptui oď hocȔtdh sujcrď lc a ahrc
ohrc ldjdouithtc lc h ecrfc lrcpt; Acldp çgschegď ‗^dodah
rc uejihtc", Ihdas, thtďi iud, ‗_tràeùi" Ȕd Ih`lhoas, ùgdoui,
‗Ȓobdapui84".
Lcod dstardh iud Acldp cstc, çg rchidthtc, och h ugud ae oag
ocput lc ug thtď àighv. Lcstdgui sďu dgocstuas c oagscodgȝh
ugcd lcjdodcgȝc h jugoȝdcd phtcrgc ohrc hjcotchzď çgtrchfh id
gdc phtcrgď. Ih gdod trcd zdic lc vdhȝď, Acldp h jast h`hglaght
lc Ihdas, thtďi iud, jddgl htàrght lc pdodahrc çgtr-ug oapho, pc
84 Oihulc Iävd-_trhuss, Hg
Hgtb
tbra
rapa
paia
iafdc struoturhic. ^dag, 846<, p. 0?6. (g.h.)
fdc
?0
eugtcic Odtbcrag. Eatdvui hphrcgt ohrc i-h lctcredght sď rc

ourfď ih hocst fcst h jast lckuohrch prcldoȝdcd pc ohrc d-a jďousc
Arhoaiui iud Hpaiia, Ȕd hguec oď, lhoď vh hluoc pc iuec ug
jdu, hocsth çi vh uodlc. çgsď hdod cstc çg prdeui ràgl var`h lc
rcpcthrch ugud socghrdu jhedidhi oc çȔd hrc ardfdgch ou lauď
fcgcrhȝdd çg ureď Ȕd ohrc cstc icfht lc ug cvcgdecgt trhuehtdo
pctrcout çg oapdiďrdh thtďiud iud Ihdas, rcfcic Ih`lhoas.
çg lcoursui oapdiďrdcd iud Ih`lhoas, ug rcfcgt, Gyotcus,
cstc lcsceght sď uroc pc trag çg ureh earȝdd prcehturc h th
tďiud sďu, rcfcic âiylaras. Lhr Gyotcus sc sdguodlc pcgtru
oď jddoh iud, Hgtdaph, juscsc sclusď lc [cus Ȕd jufdsc lc ih ci
çgsďrodghtď jddgl ou fcecgd. çghdgt
çghdgtcc lc hsth, Gyotcus i-h pus
pc jrhtcic sďu, Iyoas, sď praedtď oď-8 vh rďzùgh. ^rciuàgl
rcfcgȝh, Iyoas çȔd ohpturchzď gcpahth, dhr pc ocd lad fcecgd,
h`dh gďsouȝd, çd ihsď prhlď jcraodtďȝdd hgdehiciar sďi`htdoc, pc
eugtcic Odtbcrag, hoaia uglc vh jd h`hglaght Ȕd Acldp. ^rdg
urehrc, socghrdui dgvcgtht lc Ihdas pcgtru h lckuoh arhoaiui
çȔd hrc hlcvďrhth ardfdgc çg prdeui ràgl çg oapdiďrdh ùgdouiud
iud Acldp. Edtui jurgdzchzď a rcprczcgthrc prcodsď h `àgtud 
rdd lc ohrc sujcrď Ihdas çg eaecgtui çg ohrc d sc ghȔtc ug jdu.
Hluoàglu-8 pc iuec pc Acldp, Ihdas gu cstc dgjiucgȝht lc a
lrheď ohrc h hvut iao çg praprdh iud oapdiďrdc. Ci c su`kufht lc
a trhfcldc pc ohrc gu h trďdt-a pcrsaghi, pcgtru oď ch s-h pra
lus çg oapdiďrdh thtďiud sďu, rcfcic Ih`lhoas, lhr ohrc çd `àg
tudc ou htàt ehd putcrgdo scxuhidthtch. Jhgtaeh oc hoȝdagchzď
çg gcùgdh hocstud thtď ohrc h`hglagchzď ug oapdihȔ, htàeàg-
lu-8 lc pdodahrc Ȕd iďsàglu-8 prhlď jcraodtďȝdd hgdehiciar sďi
`htdoc, çȔd hrc ardfdgch çgtr-ug cvcgdecgt trhuehtdo pctrcout
ou lauď fcgcrhȝdd ehd lcvrcec, çg oapdiďrdh praprduiud sďu
thtď. \rhueh rcspcotdvď h ehroht oapdiďrdh Ȓobdapuiud, thtďi
iud Ihdas, ohrc h trcùdt sď supartc jhptui oď ug rcfcgt h oag
lheght lad oapdihȔd dgaocgȝd ih a eahrtc htraoc, çg guecic iud
Ȕd jďrď oh ci sď pahtď jhoc ocvh!
??

“ Gu eď pat h`ȝdgc sď çgtrc`; occh oc pavcstdȝd obdhr oa
dgodlc ou pďrcrdic hotuhic hic psdbhghidȔtdiar1 Ohrtch iud Ehrdc
@hiehry gu prczdgtď gdodlcoue hocst edt hȔh oue a jhocȝd
luegchvahstrď. Ch pugc çg pcrspcotdvď dstardh iud Acldp Ȕd
frcȔchih iud Ihdas, thtďi sďu; hvcgturh iud baeascxuhiď ou
Obrysdppas, ohrc s-h sailht ou sdguodlcrch hocstudh ldg ureď.
Lhr gdod var`ď lc jhgtaeď Ȕd gdod lc `àgtudrc. Oue prdvcȔ
tc oaeugdthtch hghidȔtdiar, çg hgsheìui cd, hochstď tcardc h
trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiuiud1
“ G-he dlcc. Dg occh oc prdvcȔtc edtui iud Acldp, ci h çgoc 
put sď jdc prdvdt, frassa eala, ldg hocst pugot lc vclcrc çg hgdd
Ȕhptczcod Ȕd odgod, çg eaecgtui çg ohrc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui
hpďrch çg idtcrhturh hghidtdoď. ^rdeui hrtdoai lc ohrc çed hedg
tcso rcjcrdtar ih fcgchiafdh iud Acldp çd hphrȝdgc iud Kchg-Oihu
lc Pauoby0>. Ci h jast puìdoht ou oàtcvh iugd çghdgtc lc oci hi
iud Ehrdc @hiehry. Lhr trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui gu pravdgc ldg-
tr-a Ȕoahiď lc fàgldrc. Jrhgȝh h jast Ȕd oagtdguď sď jdc vhtrh
ugcd rcçggadrd h fàgldrdd jrculdcgc, lhtardtď dgjiucgȝcd oavàr
Ȕdtahrc h psdbhghidȔtdiar Khoqucs Ihohg Ȕd Jrhgæadsc Laita. ^rd
edd fcrecgd hd ugcd gad tcardd h dgoagȔtdcgtuiud sc prajdichzď
çg hùglcgȝh lc dlcd fcgcrhtc lc cd. Ih vrcech hocch, hutardd
ohrc hu çgocput sď oagocptuhidzczc hghidzh fcgchiafdouiud gu
hphrȝdgchu hociarhȔd Ȕoaid Ȕd gdod eďohr gu sc ougaȔtchu çgtrc
cd08. \cardh fcgchiafdouiud gu gchfď dgoagȔtdcgtui dgldvdluhi
lcjdgdt lc Jrcul Ȕd lc Ihohg, oagstdtutdv hi rcjuiďrdd, hi udtďrdd
çg ohrc s hu oujuglht cxpcrdcgȝcic ldg oapdiďrdc. Ch ecrfc ehd
lcphrtc Ȕd oagsdlcrď oď dgoagȔtdcgtui cstc hioďtudt, lc hscec
gch, ldg oci hi pďrdgȝdiar Ȕd hi strďeaȔdiar.

0>Kchg-Oihulc Pauoby, ‗Sg phssä saus sdicgoc". Ätulcs jrculdcggcs gr. 8?-8<,
Lcgaíi, 8462. (g.h.)
08 Gdoüihs H`rhbhe, Ehrdh \`ram, Eagdquc @yliawsmd, Ldldcr Luehs, Kchg Fudr,
Kchg Fuyhutht, Iuodcg Eäiâzc Ȕd Hihdg lc Edkaiih (vczd `dìdafrhjdh lc ih sjàrȔd-
tui oďrȝdd), (g.h.)
?<
Hochstď dgavhȝdc tcarctdoď hluoc ealdjdoďrd scrdahsc çrd

prataoaiui tcrhpdcd. âtrdvdt tcardcd oihsdoc, tďocrch hghidstu
iud
lc rcfďsdrch ugargchpďrht
gu pcrtur`ď lcsjďȔurhrch
ceaȝdd ohrc tcrhpdcd.
hu jast rcjuihtc Jddgl var`h
çg oapdiďrdc, oci
lc ohrc lcpdglc cvaiuȝdh tcrhpdcd cstc, çg prdeui ràgl, su`dco
tui, dgldvdlui supus psdbhghidzcd. Jhptui oď hghidstui rďeà
gc tďout gu orcchzď, hȔhlhr, gdoda ldjdouithtc, htàth vrcec oàt
var`de lcsprc cxpiarhrch ugcd cxpcrdcgȝc udthtc. Dg sobde`,
htugod oàgl sdeptaecic dgldvdluiud sugt pravaohtc lc occh
oc pďrdgȝdd iud gu hu putut shu gu hu vrut sď spugď lcsprc
praprdh iar vdhȝď puisdaghiď, trcùdc rcfďsdtc ouvdgtcic ohrc,
idpsdglu-d, hu ohuzht hocic sdeptaec. Oàgl sc ureďrcȔtc hocst
soap, pahtc jd pcrdouias oh hghidstui sď oagtdguc sď thoď. \ďoc
rch iud rdsoď, çg hocst ohz, sď a sparchsoď Ȕd sď a dgtcgsdjdoc pc h
pďrdgȝdiar, lctcredgàgl, çg sobde`, çgrďutďȝdrch stďrdd oidcgtu
iud. _deptaecic ehgdjcsthtc rcprczdgtď ugui ldgtrc edkiahocic
lc ohrc ldspugc hocsth pcgtru h sceghih idpsh ouvdgtciar ohrc
oagtdguď sď-i hjcotczc pc oapdiui ldg ci. Hepidjdoàglu-Ȕd hocs
tc sdeptaec, oidcgtui gutrcȔtc, çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt, spcrhgȝh
lc h-8 huzd pc hghidst pragugȝàgl ouvdgtcic rďehsc gcrastdtc
lc pďrdgȝdd sďd. Ȓd, çg hochstď sdtuhȝdc, tcrhpdh lcvdgc, çg oci ehd
ùg ohz, dgtcredgh`diď. HȔhlhr, hghidzh fcgchiafdouiud çi çg
lchegď pc psdbhghidst sď hlaptc a hitď htdtuldgc, hocch çg ohrc
ci çȔd hsueď rcspagsh`didthtch lc h oďuth çeprcugď ou oidcgtui
ldrcoȝdh pc ohrc trcùdc s-a ureczc pcgtru h fďsd dgjarehȝddic
oc idpscso.
Ih 3 dhguhrdc 84<4, çg ohrtch sh ‗Icttrc ď ug kcugc hrtdst00",

Bcrehgg Bcssc sordh ureďtahrcic; ‗_dgfurui iuoru ohrc oag
tchzď cstc jhptui oď jdcohrc ldgtrc gad cstc lcpazdthrui ugcd
eaȔtcgdrd Ȕd purtďtarui ugcd edsdugd; jdcohrc ldgtrc gad h
00 ‗_ordsahrc oďtrc ug tàgďr hrtdst", (g.tr.)
?3

eaȔtcgdt, lc ih thtďi Ȕd lc ih eheh iud, lc ih guecraȔdd sďd
strďeaȔd,
ùgcclcshu
rdtďȝd, ùg ih paparui ih ide`h iud, hguedtc phrtdouih 
Ȕd lcshu
rcic, piďoutc supďrďtahrc, hguedtc thicgtc
Ȕd hguedtc lcjcotc, Ȕd tahtc hstch pusc ihaihitď jho ldg gad occh
oc sugtce, a rchidthtc ugdoď guedtď, çg occh oc tc prdvcȔtc, K.M.
Ar, jdcohrc ldgtrc gad trcùdc sď pugď çg vhiahrc hochstď rchid
thtc ugdoď, sď a trďdhsoď pàgď ih ohpďt, sď a luoď pàgď ih ehtu
rdthtc Ȕd, çg jdghi, sď a rcstdtudc çgtr-a sthrc lc pcrjcoȝdugc ehd
euit shu ehd puȝdg hvhgshtď0?."
Oc hguec h putut sď cidedgc ldg ouiturh gahstrď, htàt lc
shvhgtď Ȕd lc ealcrgď, hocst eal lc fàgldrc çepďrt çepďrtďȔdt
ďȔdt lc rc
fuiď çg iuec Ȕd ohrc pahtc jd oagsdlcrht, jďrď cxhfcrhrc, lrcpt
‗ugdvcrshi"1
_ď jdc ahrc çghith tcbgdodthtc h ouiturdd gahstrc shu jhptui oď
Ȕtddgȝh s-h su`stdtudt, çgoctui ou çgoctui, rcidfdcd1 C frcu sď dfga
rďe a hscecgch praìceď. Oue sď hoocptďe dlcch oď c pasd`di
sď jd pdcrlut, sď jd udtht shu, oue hr jd spus Jrcul, sď jd ‗rcjuiht"
a çgvďȝďturď htàt lc prcȝdahsď pcgtru sďgďthtch vdcȝdd1
çg 8443, çg tdepui ugud dgtcrvdu çg ohrc çed var`ch lcsprc
ohrtch sh, Ldcu lc i'ugdvcrs0<, Kchg-Ehrdc ^cit, ocroctďtar çg la
ecgdui àthgdodd, spugch; ‗âsd`didtďȝdic pc ohrc gd ic ajcrď Ȕtd
dgȝcic gc lhu deprcsdh oď he laedght ghturh. Pczuitď lc-hdod
a saodcthtc lc dgldvdzd eàglrd Ȕd uiudȝd çg eal oagȔtdcgt lc
a`dcotc tcbgaiafdoc Ȕd lc fhlfct-urd, lcȔd, jďrď sď-Ȕd lch sch
eh, sugt lc jhpt soihvdd iar! He pdcrlut ldecgsdugch dgtcrd
ahrď h jddgȝcd çg `cgcjdodui ugar prafrcsc h`saiut supcrjdodhic."
çg ohrtch rcspcotdvď, ^cit gu czdtď lciao sď ordtdoc saodcthtch
aoodlcgthiď, ehroàgl tatalhtď, prdg stdiui lc papuihrdzhrc
ohrhotcrdstdo guecrahsciar shic iuorďrd, gadic hàrlďrd hpď
rutc çg Ȕtddgȝď, çg çgsuȔd edczui ugar tcardd, çg ealcicic Ȕd çg
0? Bcrehgg Bcssc, Icttrcs (84>>-84:0), Ohiehgg-Iävy, 8428. (g.h.)
0< Gdgh Ohghuit, ‗Ih rcvhgobc lu ocrvchu lradt", çg I'Hotuhidtä rcidfdcusc, supid-
ecgt gr. :, scptce`rdc 8443. (g.h.)
?:
oagocptcic Ȕtddgȝdjdoc. Ci rcehroď çg hocstch ehd hics ‗a gauď

hàrlhrc h jddgȝcd dgtdec h oagȔtddgȝcd, hochstď jddgȝď ohrc trhgs
phrc ldg htàtch iuorďrd Ȕtddgȝdjdoc, oh a dgtcrafhȝdc gcsdfurď shu
oh a vhfď gasthifdc, `h obdhr oh pasd`diď cxpidohȝdc pugotuhiď h
ugcd outhrc shu outhrc praìcec rďehsď gcsaiuȝdaghtď pàgď çg
hoci eaecgt ". Lupď pďrcrch iud, hocst gau çgocput çg Ȕtddgȝď
s
crh ‗pc lc-h-gtrcfui ordptht Ȕd gcougasout pcgtru ehkardthtch

edgȝdiar aecgcȔtd", ldg ohuzh dgtcrcsuiud soďzut hoarlht lc
ehss-ecldh. ‗He lcsoapcrdt, alhtď ou hphrdȝdh hocstcd oďrȝd,
cxdstcgȝh ugud lcohihk jaredlh`di çgtrc ehss-ecldh Ȕd vdhȝď.
Ordtdohtď ldg pidg lc rcprczcgthgȝdd prcscd, ohrtch ech h stàr
gdt, çg sobde`, rchoȝdd cgtuzdhstc çg ràglui puìdouiud Ȕd euit
ehd guecrahsc lcoàt çg ohzui tuturar ociarihitc oďrȝd hic ecic!
^rdecso tcicjahgc, sordsard, sugt dgtcrpciht pc hochstď tceď çg
ohlrui oagjcrdgȝciar pc ohrc ic susȝdg cto.0:
03"
Ehtcrdhidseui hr putch jd, hȔhlhr, a edgodugď1 HȔh phrc sď
oagsdlcrc Ldldcr Luehs, ohrc ed-h lcoihrht çgtr-a zd; ‗_ď spud
oď ehtcrdhidseui
sdepiu sď rcougaȔtdvcbdouichzď edgodugď
oď, çg dstardhadlcdiar, jďout sď pur
çgschegď
ci gc-h Ȕd
udtďe
departhgȝh su`dcotdvdtďȝdd. Jrcul gc-h ajcrdt a obcdc pcgtru h
çgȝcicfcc su`dcotui, hrďtàglu-gc oď scxuhidthtch cstc hlcvďrhtui
çgȝcicf
eatar hi cvaiuȝdcd gahstrc. Lhr, oh ug ùg ehtcrdhidst, Jrcul
gu s-h hvcgturht çg cxpiarhrch iaouiud oc-d rcvdgc psdbdouiud
strďeaȔdiar çg oagstdtudrch psdbdouiud gastru. ^cgtru oď, lhoď
hr jd oagsdlcrht oď trhgsedtcrdic lc ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih dgoagȔtdcgt
sugt pasd`dic, hr jd çgsce
çgsceght
ght oď rcougahȔtc cxdstcgȝh tcicphtdcd.
Occh oc cstc dghoocpth`di çg lafehtdoh ehtcrdhidstď. Jrcul Ȕd-h
kustdjdohtt pazdȝdh çg hochstď prdvdgȝď, oci puȝdg çg oarcspaglcg 
kustdjdoh
ȝh purthtď ou Iau Hglrchs-_hiaec, oďrudh çd sordh oď gu vadh sď
hàrlczc hocst fcg lc iuorurd lc tcheď oď vh jd ohthiafht lrcpt
03 Kchg-Ehrdc ^cit, Ldcu lc i'ugdvcrs, _odcgoc ct jad, Jhyhrl, 8443, p. 884. (g.h.)
0: Gdgh Ohghuit, ap. odt.
?6

ug «edsthfaf06½. Ci çȔd oagstrudcȔtc tcardh çgtr
çgtr-a
-a pcrdahlď çg
ohrc edstdoh cstc jahrtc prast vďzutď. Dhr hocsth c ug jhpt oh
rhotcrdstdo scoaiuiud gastru. çg vchoui hi RiR-ich, gu cxdsth çgoď
a scphrhrc oihrď çgtrc ahecgdd lc Ȕtddgȝď Ȕd ahecgdd `dscrdodd.
Hochstď scphrhrc lcvdgc rhldohiď h`dh ih çgocputui scoaiuiud
hi RR-ich. Jdzdodhgui Fusthv Jcobgcr, oďrudh Jrcul d-h çepru
eutht tcardh sh rcjcrdtahrc ih vds Ȕd pc och icfhtď lc puisdugch
earȝdd, gu hvch gdoda praìceď, çg vrcech iud, sď jdc jdzdodhg Ȕd,
çg hocihȔd tdep, ehrc edstdo."
Çgtr-hlcvďr, ih çgocputui scoaiuiud gastru, sc depugc a
gauď orcldgȝď Ȕd, tatalhtď, sugt jaglhtc prdecic arfhgdsec lc
ocrocthrc; orcldgȝh çgtr-a iuec hioďtudtď cxoiusdv ldg ehtcrdc,
a iuec oaephrh`diď ou a decgsď ehȔdgďrdc, pc ohrc he putch
s-a eďsurďe Ȕd s-a çgȝcicfc
çgȝcicfce
e lc ih ug ohpďt ih hitui. Ȓtddgȝh
prapugc hstjci ug ugdvcrs idpsdt lc edstcr, ug ugdvcrs ohrc,
prdg lcjdgdȝdc, cstc pc lcpidg dgtcidfd`di. Lhr, ih hocihȔd çgocput
lc scoai, dh ghȔtcrc ecohgdoh ouhgtdoď, hic oďrcd oagscodgȝc jd
iasajdoc sugt hprcodhtc ehd `dgc çg prczcgt, frhȝdc dgtraspcoȝd
diar ugar jdzdodcgd prcoue @cehrl l'Csphfght, Aidvdcr Oasth
lc @churcfhrl shu Pcfds Lutbcdi02. Ar, sc phrc oď ecohgdoh
ouhgtdoď pugc ohpďt diuzdcd lc dgtcidfd`didthtc. Oagsdlcrhtď
lrcpt och ehd oaepictď tcardc h jdzdodd (Ȕd rcougasoutď oh hth
rc lc oaeugdthtch Ȕtddgȝdjdoď), ch gdod eďohr gu prctdglc oď c
ohph`diď sď gc lcsordc iuech hȔh oue cstc. \cardh ouhgtdoď rc
ougahȔtc oď gc pahtc jurgdzh dgjarehȝdd lahr lcsprc ealui çg
ohrc edgtch gahstrď pahtc hàrlh hochstď iuec Ȕd gu lcsprc
iuech çg sdgc.
Gu pat lcthidh hdod ldjcrcgȝcic lc apdgdc hic hocstar sh-
vhgȝd cedgcgȝd. Zad prciuh lahr occh oc ed-h lcoihrht @cehrl
06 Edsthfafdd sugt prcaȝd ldg Frcodh Hgtdoď, dgdȝdhtard çg edstcrcic shorc, (g.h.)
02 Oj. `dìdafrhjdcd lc ih sjàrȔdtui oďrȝdd, (g.h.)
?2
l'Csphfght çg dugdc 8443, ou aohzdh ugud dgtcrvdu04. I-he

çgtrc`ht;
“ Ȓtddgȝcic prctdgl oď gc lczvďiudc rchidthtch hȔh oue cstc
ch, dglcpcglcgt lc gad, hldoď rchiui a`dcotdv. \atuȔd, taoehd
hochstď rchidthtc Ȕd hochstď a`dcotdvdthtc sugt pusc ih çgladhiď
hstďzd, çg çgsusd edczui stddgtcd, çg jdzdoď. Lc oc1
“ Aldgdahrď, ed sc pďrch h`saiut garehi sď prcsupug oď
he htdgs cjcotdv gdvciui lc ougahȔtcrc h iuorurdiar. ^cgtru
edgc, hochsth crh cxpidohȝdh och ehd sdepiď pcgtru jhptui oď
Ȕtddgȝh gahstrď jugoȝdagchzď. Cstc Ȕd cxpidohȝdh pc ohrc a lďe,
çg vdhȝh lc zd ou zd, ardoďrcd obcstdugd. Lhoď a hoȝdugc rcuȔcȔ
tc, hsth sc çgtàepiď pcgtru oď iuorurdic hu jast vďzutc hȔh oue
sugt cic. Hpad, he rcgugȝht ih hocst pugot lc vclcrc ldg ea
tdvc `hzhtc pc jdzdoh çgsďȔd, pc jdzdoh oagtceparhgď. Cxdstď gu
ecraȔd jdiasajd ohrc hr spugc oď gu cstc pasd`di oh jdzdoh sď jdc a
tcardc ‗agtaiafdoď?>", hldoď ugh ohrc lcsordc iuorurdic hȔh oue
sugt cic, pcgtru oď rchidthtch cstc dghoocsd`diď. Ȓd oď gu hrc scgs
sď var`de lcsprc cxdstcgȝh ugud iuoru ohrc gu pahtc jd ougas
out. Lcsdfur, cstc ug eal lc h rchoȝdagh, lhr ohrc gu lcpdglc
lc jdzdoď! ^crsaghi, orcl oď gaȝdugch lc rchidthtc, lc jddgȝď, lc
occh oc cxdstď, cstc a gaȝdugc juglhecgthiď, lc ohrc gu gc pu
tce çglcpďrth.
“ Ȓd tatuȔd, hȝd rcgugȝht ih dlcch oď jdzdoh hr jd ohph`diď sď
htdgfď hocst gdvci. Ohrc sugt eatdvcic1
“ Jdzdoh ldghdgtch ecohgdodd ouhgtdoc, jdzdoh ‗oihsdoď", lc
sordc
zd lc iuech ehorasoapdoď,
zd, cscgȝdhiecgtc rchidthtchlcjdzdoď
çg tcrecgd çg ohrc
a`dcotc, gc edȔoďe
lc edrdhlc lc
eaicouic, lc htaed dgtcrhoȝdagàgl prdg dgtcrecldui ugar jar
ȝc ohrc pat jd çgscegh
çgsceghtc
tc htugod oàgl a`dcotcic sugt hprapdhtc
04 Gdgh Ohghuit, ‗Ic passdìc eystârc", çg I'Hotuhidtä rcidfdcusc, supidecgt gr. :,

scptce`rdc 8443. (g.h.)
?> > tcardc agtaiafdoď cstc a tcardc h jddgȝcd, h ghturdd shic, h praprdctďȝdiar shic,
(g.h.)
.?4

Ȕd ohrc siď`cso pc eďsurď oc cic sc çglcpďrtchzď ugcic lc hi
tcic. Hochstď iuec h jdzdodd oihsdoc depidoď gchpďrht a jahrtc
ehrc a`dcotdvdthtc. Hitjci spus, sc prcsupugc, çg eal depidodt,
oď a`dcotcic çg ohuzď cxdstď ou hlcvďrht Ȕd oď praprdctďȝdic iar
lcsoapcrdtc ic hphrȝdg lc lrcpt. \ahtc cgugȝurdic jdzdodd oihsdoc
pat jd çgȝc icsc çg jciui hocsth, ou oàtcvh edod cxocpȝdd.
çgȝcicsc
Jdzdoh ouhgtdoď, hldoď Ȕtddgȝh praprdctďȝdiar htaediar Ȕd hic
tcrgdoc. Oàglsu`htaedoc,
phrtdouiciar cjcotuďe a pugc ohpďt hocstcd
eďsurďtahrc hsuprha`dcotdvdtďȝd pu
ugcd phrtdouic,
pcrtur`ďe sdstceui pc ohrc çi stuldce hstjci ]...U. Lc hscec
gch, ecohgdoh ouhgtdoď depidoď hguedtc hxdaec lc `hzď, oag
sdlcrhtc a`dcotdvc lc oďtrc taȝd ahecgdd lc Ȕtddgȝď, lhr ohrc sc
prczdgtď su` jareh; ‗lhoď odgcvh jhoc hsth, vh a`scrvh hocst
iuoru", prdg ‗odgcvh" çgȝcicfàg
çgȝcicfàglu-sc
lu-sc ardodgc. HȔhlhr, hocstc
hxdaec hu jareh ugar rcfuid lc prcldoȝdc Ȕd gu lcsordu rchid
thtch hȔh oue cstcsoďzutď".

ou ‗a`dcotdvdthtc ch. \aoehd
Gu lc hocch icdgtcrprcth
ic putce guecso cu cgugȝurd
lrcpt ugcic
ohrc lcsordu rchidthtch hȔh oue cstc ch.
“ Gu hoocpthȝd ehtcrdhidseui ohrc, lupď pďrcrch lue
gchvahstrď, Ȕd-h pdcrlut orcld`didthtch alhtď ou hphrdȝdh jdzdodd
ouhgtdoc1
“ ]...U Cu jho ureďtarui rhȝdaghecgt; sď prcsupugce oď
rchidthtch cstc lcsordptd`diď prdg jdzdoď Ȕd sď vclce uglc gc
luoc
lc ehtcrdhidȔtd. tczď hprdvdtď
a hscecgchJdzdoh rchidtďȝdd
oh dgtcidfd`dic, htàt lchochstď
Ȕtddgȝh oc lcsordc çglrďfdtď
rc
hidthtc gu pahtc jd hocch h iud Gcwtag shu h iud Hrdstatci. _ď
gc rhpartďe ih jdzdoh oagtceparhgď, ih jdzdoh ouhgtdoď. Lcsoa
pcrde htugod oď a`dcotdvdthtch hguedtar hxdaec hic ecohgdodd
ouhgtdoc cstc lcstui lc soďzutď= Ȕd, çg oagscodgȝď, cic gu lc
sordu rchidthtch. ^rdg urehrc, hkugf ih hochstď gaȝdugc patrdvdt
oďrcdh rchidthtch gu cstc oafgasod`diď hȔh oue c ch lc jhpt. Pc-
hidseui lcsobds pc ohrc çi prapug cu oagstď çg h pastuih jhptui

<>

oď gaȝdugch lc rchidthtc hrc ug scgs, obdhr lhoď gu jareui
jareuicz
cz gdoda
dpatczď rcjcrdtahrc ih ghturh hocstcd rchidtďȝd?8.
Lad hgd ehd tàrzdu, dgtcrvdcvht lc Kchg _thugc?0 çg icfďturď

ou hocst rchi vahiht?? ohrc gu d sc lczvďiudc jdzdodhguiud, @crghrl
l'Csphfght spugch; ‗Pchiui vcrdth`di sc hjiď ldgoaia lc jdzdoď,
ldgoaia lc pcrocpȝddic pc ohrc ic putce hvch, ldgoaia lc eď
surďtardic pc ohrc ic putce jhoc ou ocic ehd pcrjcoȝdaghtc dg
struecgtc cxdstcgtc shu ou ocic ohrc pat jd rchidzhtc çg vddtar."

âtrdvdt iud, putce dgtud hocst rchi çg ou tatui hit eal lcoàt
Ȕtddgȝdjdo; hphrc ‗dlcch oď jdcohrc dgldvdl pahtc hvch a icfďturď
dgtdeď ou ocvh ohrc gu cstc lahr lc arldg `daiafdo shu lc ar
ldg psdbaiafdo, ocvh oc gu cstc a diuzdc", lhr ohrc ‗gu pahtc jd
guedt" pcgtru oď ‗gu cxdstď ouvdgtc prdg ohrc sď jdc lcsords" Ȕd
pcgtru oď ‗prajugzdech rchiuiud" cstc dghàrlh`diď.
Hstjci, Edstcrui vdcȝdd Ȕd hi ecgthiuiud ohrc a hgdeď cstc
rcdgtralus çg ldsouȝdc obdhr lc oďtrc Ȕtddgȝď, ohrc pďrch oď-8 çg
iďturhsc pcgtru tatlchugh. Ȓd, çg Ȕtddgȝď, lc oďtrc ldsodpidgh çg
ohrc a sobde`hrc htàt lc `rusoď pďrch och ehd depra`h`diď;
jdzdoh. Gdedo gu ehd lavclcȔtc, lc-houe, oď iuech hr jd hioď
tudtď lahr ldg ehtcrdc.
‗Ȓtddgȝcic var sď oagtraiczc iuech, oh Ȕd oue oaeugdthtch
Ȕtddgȝdjdoď g-hr hvch Ȕd ch ug dgoagȔtdcgt", ed-h spus oàglvh ug
hghidst spcodhidzht çg psdbafcgchiafdc, Kchg-^hui \rhpp. He
jast aìdfhtď sď rcougaso oď tat occh oc eď çgvďȝhsc kurghid
kurghidss
eui Ȕtddgȝdjdo sc aprch ih hochstď idedtď.
^cgtru edgc, prajcsdh pc ohrc a he h jast euitď vrcec dg
struecgtui ou ohrc he oďutht rďspugs ih çgtrc`ďrdic ldg oapd
iďrdc. Lhr he Ȕd ldsprcȝudt çglciugf tat occh oc gu hphrȝdgch
?8 _uìdgdcrch çed hphrȝdgc, (g.h.)

?0 ‗Ih ehtdârc cg qucstdag", dgtcrvdu ou @crghrl l'Csphfght, Gauvciics Oiäs,
dhrgh 8446. (g.h.)
?? @crghrl l'Csphfght, Ic räci vadiä, Jhyhrl, 844<. (g.h.)
<8

rcfdstruiud strdot hi Ȕtddgȝciar a`dcotdvc. Lcsoapcrdrch psdbhgh
idzcd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic e-h çgvďȝh
çgvďȝhtt oď cxdsthu ocroctďrd su
`dcotdvc tat htàt lc phsdaghgtc Ȕd lc juglhecgthic Ȕd oď, tat
çgocroàgl ou ardoc prcȝ sď scphrc ecrcu su`dcotdvui lc a`dco
tdv, hȔh oue hr hicfc fràui lc gcfbdgď, Ȕtddgȝh ajdodhiď h hkugs
sď hpcrc a lafehtdoď ih jci lc rdfdlď oh och h rcidfddiar.
pc \cardh fcgchiafdoď
ohrc ouiturh gahstrď phrc sď oarcspuglď
h pdcrlut-a. ugcd hsougsď
A ougahȔtcrc ougahȔtcrd
lc
vhsth rcjuihrc çg ohrc ehtcrdhidseui h dzaiht spdrdtui. \rhgsfc-
gcrhȝdaghiui sc hjiď ih tcecidh ouiturdd gahstrc. HȔh oue he
vďzut, ureh iud c çgtdpďrdtď çg edturdic gahstrc, çg tahtc iuoru
rdic ohrc oagstdtudc ichfďgui ouiturhi hi Aoodlcgtuiud, oď sugt
oc shu frcocȔtd. Dhr soapui hocstcd oďrȝd cstc lc h pugc çg
`dìdoc
`dìd
iuedgď cicecgtcic ohrc, ehd hics çg cxdstcgȝh dgldvdluhiď, lhr,
ugcard, Ȕd çg och oaicotdvď, hrhtď oue iuorchzď prdgodpdui fcgc
hiafdo. çg hocst soap, he ldsoutht ou ocroctďtard, ou `ďr`hȝd Ȕd
jcecd ohrc, jdcohrc çg laecgdui sďu, hu lcsoapcrdt Ȕd hu oag-
ocptuhidzht trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui. Hgsheìui rczueď cscgȝdh
iui iuorurdiar pc ohrc ic-he çgvďȝh
çgvďȝhtt çeprcugď ou cd.
He çgocpu
çgocputt ou Ldldcr Luehs, pcgtru oď çgtàigdrch ou ci
cstc och ohrc ed-h stàrgdt lardgȝh lc h jhoc ocroctďrd icfhtc lc
hocst su`dcot. Hi ladich ohpdtai cxpidoď oc cstc a jhgtaeď, par
gdgl lc ih stulddic cjcotuhtc lc Gdoaihs H`rhbhe Ȕd lc Eh
gh \aram, ohrc hu Ȕd dgvcgtht oagocptui. He hlďufht Ȕd tceh
‗oaȔehrurdiar fcgchiafdoc" cvaohtc lc stulddic iud Ghtbhidc
[hklc, psdbaiaf Ȕd ocroctďtar ugdvcrsdthr, rcjcrdtahrc ih urehȔdd
suprhvdcȝudtardiar Baiaohustuiud Ȕd lc stulddic psdbhghidstcd
Hggc Hgocidg _obutzcg`crfcr, ohrc s-h prcaoupht lc depar
thgȝh dstardcd ou D ehrc çg dgoagȔtdcgtui Ȕd lcstdgui jhedidhi.
Hi trcdich ohpdtai var`cȔtc lcsprc rďspàgldrch oagocptciar iud
H`rhbhe Ȕd \aramçg ugcic tcrhpdd. Cstc prczcgtht hoaia ug gau
fcg lc tcrhpdc, psdbafcgchiafdh, lcsordsď lc ugui ldgtrc hocȔtd
gad prhotdodcgd, Ohraic Ih`clhg. Ohpdtaiui phtru hàrlchzď a
<0
ealhidthtc hphrtc h rcpctdȝddiar lc tdp fcgchiafdo; rcpcthrch

odjrciar shu h lhtciar. _ugt prczcgthtc eďrturddic ugar ecldod
Ȕd oidgdodcgd; lr. Eagdquc @yliawsmd, praj. Fbdsihdg Lcvrac-
lc Ȕd Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr, ohrc hu stuldht hocstc rc
pctdȝdd çgtr-ug ohlru spdthidocso, cvdlcgȝddgl hstjci occh oc lr.
Kasäpbdgc Bdifhrl h guedt, çg 843?, sdglraeui hgdvcrshr. Ohpd
taiui
pdd jareht ouvàgtuiLaita,
odgod çdlclďJrhgæadsc ohrc@hrrhd,
iud Vdiiy ug çg
hrhtď oď, psdbhghidst lc oa
prhotdoh oidgdoď
pcldhtrdoď, trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui cstc a ‗cvdlcgȝď sdeàidoď".
Ohpdtaiui Ȕhsc cstc oagshorht jcedgdguiud, scxuhidtďȝdd jcecdd
Ȕd ldecgsdugdd cd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic, hȔh oue ic oagocpc prdg
prhotdoh sh oidgdoď ug ecldo fdgcoaiaf Ȕd houpugotar, Lhgdâic
Jihuecg`hue. Dg çgobcdcrch hocstcd oďrȝd, ohpdtaiui Ȕhptc prc
zdgtď jugoȝdh phtcrgď ohrc, çg eaecgtui çg ohrc sordu hocstc
ràglurd, cstc su`dcotui hsuprh oďrudh iuorchzď Ldldcr Luehs.
Ci hrhtď oď hochstď jugoȝdc cstc a dgsthgȝď trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď
Ȕd oď ch depidoď trcd fcgcrhȝdd lc thȝd ohrc çȔd hsueď raiui pcg
tru h putch cxdsth Ȕd hsdfurh ldg pidg sďgďthtch lcsocglcgȝdiar.
<?
0
Jhgtaeh Ȕd ehgdjcstďrdic cd
âtrdvdt Hggcd Euxci, saodaiaf ih OG_P?<, ohrc s-h prcaou

pht lc eceardh jhedidhiď; ‗Eceardh Ȕd udthrch gu sugt gdod
alhtď cfhic çg ohlrui ociar lauď rheurd hic hocicdhȔd jhedidd.
A lcsocglcgȝď prclaedgď hprahpc çgtatlchçgtatlchugh
ugh hsuprh ocicd
ihitc, jdc oď udthrch h çgvdgs-a ehd çgtàd pc och ehd gchtcgtď
shu och ehd puȝdg scegdjdohtdvď, jdc oď s-h pus çg siuk`h ldsd
euiďrdd vadtc h ugar scorctc lc jhedidc dgsuparth`dic?3. Hggc
Euxci prczdgtď ug cxcepiu ohrc hrc icfďturď ou ch; ldsphrdȝdh
pavcȔtdiar lc jhedidc rcjcrdtahrc ih ug strďùgdo phtcrg, eart
prcehtur ldg ohuzh hioaaidseuiud. ^cgtru oď lcsocglcgȝdd ld-
rcoȝd hd hocstud ae gu ehd paecgcso gdodalhtď lc ci, gcpaȝdd
sc iavcso lc tďocrch iar. \at oc-h rďehs lc pc ureh iud c ug
partrct hrugoht çg pal. Oďutàgl eareàgtui lcoclhtuiud çg
oaephgdh thtďiud Ȕd h jduiud sďu, çg edoui odedtdr civcȝdhg çg
ohrc h jast çgfrapht, Hggc Euxci lcsoapcrď oď, lht jddgl jhp
tui oď ‗jhedidh gu h rcçggadt oagocsdugch ih odedtdr", strďù
gdoui çg ohuzď juscsc Ȕtcrs ‗pcgtru h lauh ahrď", jďrď oh ch
Ȕd thtďi cd sď jd Ȕtdut hocst iuoru. ‗Ldsdeuiďrdic vaiugthrc" shu
‗scorctcic lc jhedidc dgsuparth`dic" pc ohrc Hggc Euxci ic rc
ehroď çg hgobcth cd rcjcrdtahrc ih eceardh jhedidhiď sugt occh
?< Ocgtrc Ghtdaghi lc ih Pcobcrobc _odcgtdjdquc (Ocgtrui Ghȝdaghi Jrhgocz lc

Ocroctďrd Ȓtddgȝdjdoc), (g.tr.)
?3 Hggc Euxci, Dgldvdlu ct eäeadrc jhedidhic, Ghtbhg, 844:. (g.h.)
<3
oc psdbhghidzh tcarctdzchzď lc-houe su` tcrecgui lc ‗jhgta
eď". HȔh oue prcodzchzď Gdoaihs H`rhbhe çg 8463, çg rcvdsth
Ctulcs jrculdcggcs, uglc lcjdgcȔtc hocst oagocpt, jhgtaecic gu
sugt rďpashȝdd ohrc `àgtudc, od ihougcic iďshtc çg gad lc scorc
tcic ociarihiȝd".
\rcd hgd ehd tàrzdu, Gdoaihs H`rhbhe puìdoď, çg oaihàrh
rc ou Ehrdh \üram, çgtr-a ohrtc dgtdtuihtď I'äoaroc ct ic gayhu?: ,
scrdh lc hrtdoaic oc oagturchzď, lc hpraxdehtdv odgodsprczcoc

hgd, ug hgsheìu lc ohzurd oidgdoc pc ohrc tcardh jrculdhgď gu
ic pahtc cxpidoh. Jcgaecgcic rcspcotdvc sugt fruphtc patrdvdt
ugar ohtcfardd h`saiut gad çg oihsdjdohrch psdbhghidtdoď h ph-
taiafddiar, hocch h ordptcd Ȕd h jhgtaecd. Ȓd hstjci, prdg dgtcrec
ldui hocstcd oďrȝd, jhgtae
jhgtaehh vh lcvcgd oagocptui oci ehd jrcovcgt
utdidzht lc oidgdodcgdd ldg laecgdui fcgchiafdo, dgldjcrcgt lc
ardfdgdic shu lc hphrtcgcgȝcic iar prajcsdaghic. Oagocptui/hg-
taecd sc prczdgtď oh ug oagocpt ugdjdohtar ohrc gcocsdtď ug trh
thecgt spcodhi çg ecthpsdbaiafdh ?6 jrculdhgď.
Gdoaihs H`rhbhe Ȕd Ehrdh \üram rcdgtraluo a scrdc çgtrch
fď lc praìcec icfhtc lc eahrtc, ug su`dcot pc ohrc idtcrhturh
jrculdhgď i-h hàrlht pargdgl ehd hics lc ih laidu Ȕd lc ih ph-
taiafddic hocstudh. Lupď pďrcrch iar, htugod oàgl eahrtch ugcd
jddgȝc lrhfd cstc çgsaȝdtď lc a hepidjdohrc h gcvadd scxuhic, jhp
tui çg sdgc sceghichzď oagstdtudrch ugcd ordptc. Hochstď a`scr
vhȝdc juscsc lckh jďoutď çg 8400, lc oďtrc ug psdbhghidst ldg
prdeh fcgcrhȝdc, Mhri H`rhbhe, ldsodpai hi iud Jrcul, ohrc, çg
oarcspaglcgȝh purthtď ou Ehcstrui, a ecgȝdagchzď çg spcrhg
ȝh lc h-d htrhfc htcgȝdh. Lhr jďrď suoocs. Ehrdh \üram pugc çg
cvdlcgȝď hochstď a`scrvhȝdc çg hrtdoaiui dgtdtuiht ‗Ehihldc lu
?: Gdoaihs H`rhbhe, Ehrdh \aram, I'äoaroc ct ic gayhu (‗_oahrȝh Ȕd edczui"), Hu-

`dcr-Eagthdfgc, 8462. (g.h.)
?6 Ecthpsdbaiafdh jrculdhgď cstc tcardh ohrc lcsordc struoturdic dgoagȔtdcgtu-
iud. (g.h.)
<:
lcudi ct jhgthsec lu ohlhvrc cxquds?2". Ch hjdreď; ‗OrcȔtcrch
id`dldauiud ou aohzdh lcocsuiud a`dcotuiud?4 hr putch jd ug jcga
ecg rďspàgldt, oh sď gu spugce obdhr ugdvcrshi", Ȕd guecȔtc
hocst jcgaecg, hsuprh oďrudh vae rcvcgd çg ohpdtaiui oagsh
orht sdglraeuiud hgdvcrshr, scr`hrch ehgdhohiď. Ehd oihr, eahr
tch `rusoď h thtďiud, h ugud jrhtc, h ehecd, pahtc pravaoh a
cjcrvcsocgȝď h scxuhidtďȝdd ociud shu ocicd ohrc sujcrď pdcrlcrch
çg sdgc. Ȓd hsth sprc ehrch ruȔdgc h pcrsahgcd rcspcotdvc pcgtru
oď, gu-d hȔh, oue paȝd hvch a hscecgch lardgȝď çgtr-ug hstjci
lc eaecgt1 A phodcgtď eďrturdscȔtc pc ohghpchuh psdbhgh
idstuiud cd; ‗Cxdstď ug iuoru pc ohrc gu ed i-he dcrtht gdodalhtď,
çg zduh çg ohrc ed-h eurdt thtďi, he hvut ug rhpart scxuhi ou
saȝui ecu. H jast prdeh ahrď oàgl he ougasout lardgȝh Ȕd sh
tdsjhoȝdh. Ih sourt tdep lupď hocch, gc-he lcspďrȝdt<>." Hocst
cvcgdecgt trďdt çg ruȔdgc lcvdgc dghvuh`di. Dg pius, oagsthtď
Ehrdh \aram, ldg ohuzh iud, pcrsahgh rcspcotdvď sc oujuglď
çgtr-ug ‗laidu phtaiafdo"; a ‗àhiď h laiduiud". ^raocsui lu
rcras pc ohrc ardoc ae çglaidht trcùdc sď-i phrourfď pcgtru
h dgtcfrh psdbdo ldsphrdȝdh ugcd jddgȝc lrhfd cstc htugod ìaoht,
pcgtru oď sujcrdgȝcd pravaohtc lc laidu çd sugt hsaodhtc kcgh Ȕd
ruȔdgch ugcd cxpcrdcgȝc arfhsedoc rcjuihtc.
Ordpth rcprczdgtď gcfhrch h occh oc cxdstď. Gu cstc rczuith
tui ugcd rcjuiďrd h lardgȝcd, hȔh oue sc çgtàepiď çg ohzui dstc
rdcd, od ehd lcfrh`ď cjcotui ugcd gcfďrd h rchidtďȝdd, h rchidtďȝdd
shtdsjhoȝdcd scxuhic a`ȝdgutc ih eahrtch ugcd pcrsahgc lrhfd,
‗çg ohzui dstcrdcd, var`de lcsprc a lardgȝď gďsoutď ldg dgtcr
ldoȝdc ohrc çȔd ohutď lrueui, pc aoaidtc, Ȕd çi fďscȔtc çg rchidzďrd
sdeàidoc, çg vrcec oc, çg ohzui ordptajaruiud, c var`h lcsprc a
?2 ‗@ahih laiduiud Ȕd jhgthseh ohlhvruiud jrueas", Ehrdh \üram, Pcvuc jrhgæhdsc

lc psyobhghiysc, RRRDD, <,84:2. (g.h.)
?4 çg psdbhghidzď, ouvàgtui ‗a`dcot" lcscegchzď jddgȝc shu iuorurd sdtuhtc çg hjh-
rh cuiud su`dcotuiud, (g.rcl.)

<> Gdoaihs H`rhbhe, Ehrdh \üram, I'äoaroc ct ic gayhu, ap. oit., p. 0?0. (g.h.)
<6

lardgȝď lckh rchidzhtď Ȕd jďrď aoaidȔurd, a lardgȝď oc trcùdc tďd
gudtď, çepdcldohtď sď rcghsoď, pcgtru h ldspďrch<8." Oàt lcsprc
jhgtaeď, hochsth lcjdgcȔtc ealui çg ohrc ug dgldvdl c `àgtudt
lc scorctui ugud strďeaȔ, lcsprc ohrc, tatuȔd, gu Ȕtdc gdedo.
Gdoaihs H`rhbhe hsaodhzď hstjci gaȝdugch lc ordptď ou och
lc jhgtae ď; ‗Lhoď jhgtaeh gu cstc icfhtď lc pdcrlcrch ugud
jhgtaeď;
a`dcot, ch gu pahtc jd lavhlh ugud laidu cȔuht. Hochsth hr jd
ehd lcfrh`ď çg ohzui ecihgoaidouiud shu hi tuturar pcrsah
gciar ohrc pahrtď çg cic ug eareàgt. Oapddd shu lcsocglcgȝdd
hocstarh var jd ocd ecgdȝd sď cxtcrdardzczc, su` jareh jhgtaecd,
hstjci lc earedgtc hsougsc. ^cgtru oď earedgtcic hitarh sugt
ocic ohrc vdg sď-d `àgtudc<0." Hitjci spus, occh oc, çgtr-a fcgcrh
ȝdc,
trhgsedtcrdiar çg ordptď, vhçglcvcgd
sc oagstdtudcdgoagȔtdcgtc, jhgtaeď
jhgt
fcgcrhȝdh aeď prdg dgtcrecldui
ureďtahrc. âtrdvdt
iud Gdoaihs H`rhbhe, ‗jhgtaeh cstc a struoturď h dgoagȔtdcg
tuiud ohrc hrc lrcpt phrtdouihrdthtc jhptui oď gu h jast gdodalhtď
oagȔtdcgtď" Ȕd ohrc rczuitď ‗ldg trcocrch - hi oďrcd eal lc rch
idzhrc rďeàgc h jd lctcredght - lc ih dgoagȔtdcgtui ugud pďrdg
tc ih dgoagȔtdcgtui ugud oapdi<?". Jhgtaeh phrhzdtchzď jahrtc
hlcsch vdhȝh jhgthsehtdoď, prcsďràgl-a ou dlcd `dzhrc, strhgdd,
h`surlc.
sc Lhr Gdoaihs
lc prczcgȝh H`rhbhe
strďdguiud (hldoď oagsdlcrď ‗bdecrcic
oďgu
lc jhgtaeď) hu gdodadglu
icfď
turď ou jhgthseh praprdu-zdsď". ‗çg gctcecdgdodh iar çg rhpart
ou su`dcotui", cic lhu deprcsdh lc ‗jhgthsehfardd suprhrch
idstc<<". Hsth çgschegď oď gu putce çgȝcicfc gdedo çg prdvdgȝh
jhgtaecd lhoď gu oihrdjdoďe ehd çgtàd hocst hspcot hi vdcȝdd psd
bdoc pc ohrc-8 rcprczdgtď vdhȝh jhgthsehtdoď. He rcvcgdt, hȔh
lhr, ih Ldldcr Luehs pcgtru h-ed cxpidoh ci oue sc oagstdtudc
jhgthsecic scxuhic.
<8 D`dl., p. 033. (g.h.)

<0 D`dl., p. <06. (g.h.)
<? D`dl. (g.h.)
<< D`dl. (g.h.)
<2
Jhgthsec scxuhic Ȕd jhgtaec
‗Jhgthsecic sc jarechzď ih vàrsth acldpdhgď, çgtrc lad Ȕd Ȕhp

tc hgd, Ȕd pargdgl lc ih occh oc pďrdgȝdd gu spug lcsprc scxuhid
thtc Ȕd eahrtc", ed-h rďspugs Ldldcr Luehs. ‗Hocst jcgaecg
çgocpc lc ih vàrsth lc trcd hgd, ldg eaecgtui çg ohrc oapdiui
çgtrch`ď
çgtrch `ď tat tdepui; «Oc cstc hsth1 Oc cstc hsth1½ Ih hochs
tď vàrstď, çg edgtch iud sc praluo jďrď çgocthrc dehfdgd. Lhoď
lcsoapcrď ug a`dcot pc ohrc gu i-h ehd vďzut gdodalhtď, oa
pdiui çgtrch`ď oc cstc. ^ďrdgȝdd iud çd rďspugl «ug jcidghr½ Ȕd
htugod edouȝui hsaodhzď dehfdgch jcidghruiud ou hoci ouvàgt
ohrc rcprczdgtď a`dcotui çg ide`hk. Lhr, lhoď hulc var`dglu-sc
lcsprc ocvh ohrc gu hrc a rchidthtc ehtcrdhiď, oue hr jd tdepui,
lrhfastch shu eahrtch, oapdiui çȔd çgtrcrupc lc jdcohrc lhtď
pďrdgȝdd pcgtru oď sdetc gcvadh sď vcrdjdoc lhoď «dehfdgdic
ecgthic½ ldg orcdcrui iud, hsaodhtc ouvdgtciar «tdep½, «lrh
fastc½ ard «eahrtc½ oarcspugl, Çgtr-hlcvďr, scgsuiud lht lc
ide`hk hocstar ouvdgtc. Lhoď, htugod, pďrdgȝdd gu-d rďspugl, jdc
pcgtru oď sugt dgohph`did sď jhoď hsth, jdc pcgtru oď sc sdet
stàgkcgdȝd lc rcspcotdvcic su`dcotc shu lcahrcoc ouvàgtui çg
ohuzď ic cvaoď scxuhidthtch çgtr-ug eal prch ldrcot, oapdiui sc
oagjrugtď ou gdȔtc dehfdgd ecgthic pc ohrc gu ic pahtc hsaodh
ou gdoda rcprczcgthrc vcr`hiď. Ȓd hstjci, tahtc dehfdgdic icfhtc
lc scx Ȕd lc eahrtc sthfgchzď çg sdstceui iud psdbdo. Oapdiui
gu Ȕtdc oc sď jhoď çg prdvdgȝh iar. \ďocrch pďrdgȝdiar h ìaoht çg
trc`ďrdic pc ohrc Ȕd ic pugc çg hocstc dehfdgd ecgthic oďrarh gu
ic pahtc lh scgs. Cic çi obdgudc ou dgsdstcgȝh çgtrc`ďrdiar ohrc
gu prdecso rďspugs.
^raocsui cstc htugod hsceďgďtar ociud ohrc sc rcehroď çg

gcvrazh trhuehtdoď. çg hochstď hjcoȝdugc, pcrsahgh trhuehtd
zhtď gu pahtc vdsh lcoàt occh d-h çgtrcrupt `ruso ea`didthtch
ecgthiď; trhueh sujcrdtď. Ih jci, ih vàrsth acldpdhgď, oapd
iui cstc obdgudt lc dehfdgd oďrarh gu ic pahtc lh ug scgs. Ar,
<4

pcgtru h rcecldh hocst iuoru, orcdcrui iud çgochroď sď rcpugď
çg edȔohrc rcspcotdvcic dehfdgd, occh oc Ȕd jhoc çg vdscic ldg
tdepui gapȝdd. Ic rcea`didzchzď, çgsorddglu-i
çgsorddglu-icc çgtr-ug «tdep
dgvcgtht½, hldoď çgtr-ug socghrdu. Dhtď lc oc, ih vàrsth hluitď,
jhgthsecic scxuhic hu çgtatlchugh jareh ugud socghrdu. Oag
struoȝdh iar lhtchzď ldg pcrdahlh acldpdhgď. Dhr lhoď ahecgdd
gu rcuȔcso, lc ocic ehd euitc ard, sď-Ȕd çgȝcichfď jhgthsecic
scxuhic, cstc pcgtru oď hocstch sugt, pur Ȕd sdepiu, rďeďȔdȝcic
ugar çgtrc`ďrd ih ohrc pďrdgȝdd iar gu hu putut sď ic rďspuglďW
Dehfdgdic jhgthsehtdoc gu sugt hitocvh lcoàt çgtrc`ďrd lc oa
pdi ohrc g-hu prdedt rďspugs ih tdepui ouvcgdt, dhr trhgsedtc
rch ugcd jhgtae

jhgtaecc hrc lrcpt prdeď ohuzď gcvadh oapdiuiud lc h
sc oagstrud.
jhgtaeďď sc trhgsedtc çg ohlrui ugcd jhed
Htugod oàgl a jhgtae
idd, pďrdgȝdd gu sugt rcspagsh`did lc hocst jcgaecg lcoàt prdg
aedsdugdic iar, çg eďsurh çg ohrc hu pďstrht scorctui hsuprh
ugud cvcgdecgt ohrc d-h trhuehtdzht, pc cd shu pc praprddd iar
pďrdgȝd. Jhgtaeh cstc çgtatlch
çgtatlchugh
ugh oagscodgȝh ugud cvcgdecgt
jhedidhi oc h depidoht scxui shu eahrtch çgtr-ug eal trhueh
tdo, ug vdai,jdc
jdc tďdgudt, ugehsoht a çgtcegdȝhrc,
dgocst, prdg a ordeď= ug cvcgdecgt,
cxpidohȝdd edgodgahsc. Lc rcfuiď,
scorctcic lc jhedidc sugt ocic ohrc lhu ghȔtcrc jhgtaeciar, lhr
trhgsedtcrch hocstarh lc ih a fcgcrhȝdc ih hith pravdgc ldgtr-a
hotdvdthtc psdbdoď praprdc oapdiuiud, pc ohrc psdbhghidȔtdd a gu
ecso dlcgtdjdohrc.
Hstjci, dgldvdzdd oagstràgȔd sď sc oagstrudhsoď çgtr-a h`scg
ȝď tathiď h ouvdgtciar rcjcrdtahrc ih scxuhidthtc Ȕd ih eahrtc sc
oagjrugtď ou jhgthsec hic oďrar dehfdgd gu pravdg ldg occh oc
hu çgȝcics cd lcsprc scxuhidthtc ih vàrsth acldpdhgď, od ldg occh
oc hu ohptht tcicphtdo ldg dgoagȔtdcgtui pďrdgȝdiar. \aȝd oapddd
sugt tcicphȝd, dhr dlcgtdjdohrch gu cstc ug praocs oagȔtdcgt= ch
rcprczdgtď a lupidohrc ecgthiď ohrc, ih `hzď, cstc dgoagȔtdcgtď.
^cgtru h çgȝcicfc oc cstc a jhgthseď, trcùdc, ehd çgtàd, sď gc
3>
çgtrc`ďe oue çgocpc ug oapdi sď var`chsoď, hprahpc lc Dh a zd
ih hith, ide`h pďrdgȝdiar. Ci gu a çgvhȝď çg scgsui ugcd dgstrudrd
Ȕoaihrc, lcsoaepugàgl ouvdgtcic shu frupurdic lc ouvdgtc.
Oapdiui dedtď ealui lc h var`d hi pďrdgȝdiar, cxprcsddic iar jh
vardtc, tdourdic lc ide`hk Ȕd dgtaghȝddic ou ohrc sc cxprdeď hocȔ
tdh! ^raoclàgl hstjci, ci rcpraluoc arfhgdzhrch iar ecgthiď Ȕd,
çg jciui hocsth, pahtc sď dgtcfrczc çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt tat jciui
lc zagc a`sourc, iuorurd pc ohrc cd ic hsougl shu pc ohrc gu
var sď ic ougahsoď. Dhtď oue pahtc «departh½ oapdiui, çg pra
prdui iud psdbdo, a çgtàepihr
çgtàepihrcc udthtď shu ardoc scorct lc jhedidc
pc ohrc pďrdgȝdd i-hu rcjuiht çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt. Dhr lhoď cstc
var`h lcsprc ug scorct lc jhedidc oc depidoď scxuhidthtch shu
eahrtch, hochstď rcpraluocrc vh putch rďeàgc euitď vrcec
dgoagȔtdcgtď, ehgdjcstàglu-sc h`dh ih vàrsth hluitď, prdgtr-ug
oaeparthecgt scxuhi h`crhgt shu prdg ardohrc hitď tuiùrh
rc. Dhtď oc cstc a jhgtae ď. Lhoď dlcgtdjdohrch ou hluiȝdd tutcihrd
jhgtaeď.
g-hr depidoh gdodug praocs dgoagȔtdcgt, jhgtaeh gu hr cxdsth.
Ch sc trhgsedtc lahr çg eďsurh çg ohrc oapdiui Ȕd-a çgsuȔcȔtc,
Ȕd hochsth pargdgl lc ih praocscic ecgthic gcocshrc oagstruo
ȝdcd shic."
OaȔehrurdic fcgchiafdoc
^sdbaiafui Ȕd ocroctďtarui ugdvcrsdthr Ghtbhidc [hklc s-h prca

oupht lc jhgtaecic ldg uitdeui rďzàd. çg ohlrui ugcd hgobctc
rcjcrdtahrc ih lcsocglcgȝdd suprhvdcȝudtardiar Baiaohustuiud,
ch h stuldht ealui çg ohrc arardic icfhtc lc cxtcredghrch gh
zdstď
rc, ih sc trhgsedtchu
oapddd çg sàgui
lcparthȝdiar. jhediddiar,
Ghtbhidc [hklc çg fcgcrhȝdhoďureďtah
h oagsththt hocichȔd
tuiùrďrd pat jd a`scrvhtc Ȕd ih lcsocglcgȝdd ghzdȔtdiar<3. Ch
surr taus ocs earts ct qu'dis vdvcgt! ^rcjhȝď lc \a`dc

Ghtbhidc [hklc, _aujjic su
<3
Ghtbhg, ‗Ih ^cgsäc shuvhfc", 844?, p. 84?. (g.h.)
38

odtchzď stulddic iud ^ctcr _dobravsmy, ug kurgh
kurghidst
idst hustrdho ohrc
s-h dgtcrcsht lc oapddd cvrcd hd vdotdeciar ldg Hustrdh Ȕd Fcr
ehgdh, ih jci Ȕd lc oapddd ghzdȔtdiar. ^crsahgcic obcstdaghtc pď
rchu ‗`àgtudtc lc ug trcout tcghoc Ȕd gcjhst", spugc Ghtbhidc
[hklc, oh Ȕd oue ‗papuihȝdh cxhedghtď lc _dobravsmy crh a
fcgcrhȝdc ohrc eaȔtcgdsc frcȔchih Ȕd gcgaraodrch, tahtc prca
oupďrdic Ȕd rchoȝddic hjcotdvc hic hociar ahecgd lcpdgzàgl lc
hocst iuoru". _tuldui psdbaiafuiud Ghtbhidc [hklc rcprczdgtď a
sursď prcȝdahsď lc dgjarehȝdd pcgtru su`dcotui lc ohrc gc aou
pďe hdod. Ch prczdgtď eugoh cjcotuhtď lc psdbdhtrd çg prdvdgȝh
lcparthȝdiar, gu guehd ldgoaia lc Htihgtdo, od Ȕd çg Dsrhci Ȕd
çg Curaph lc Garl. ^rdgtrc sdeptaecic pc ohrc ch çgsďȔd ic-h
rcehroht çg tdepui ldsouȝddiar purthtc ou oapddd suprhvdcȝudta
rdiar, sc gueďrď, oci ehd jrcovcgt, oaȔehrurdic. Dhtď ohzui Oa-
rdggcd; ‗çgoď ldg oapdiďrdc, Oardggc hrc oaȔehrurd ohrc sugt çg
eal ldrcot icfhtc lc cxpcrdcgȝcic aprdehgtc hic rďzàduiud. C
ecrcu surprdgsď lc ghturh oaȔehrurdiar cd Ȕd gu çgȝcicfc lc oc
cstc hshithtď ou rcfuihrdthtc lc tcrard dgsuparth`dic çg tdepui
gapȝdd, ou tahtc oď h jast orcsoutď çg lcpidgď sdfurhgȝď çgtr-a
jhedidc ùrfbczď lc cvrcd." Oardggc sc çgtrch`ď ‗lhoď Ȕd ocd
ohrc gu sugt cvrcd hu vdsc lcsprc rďzàd". Ch oagsdlcrď oď ‗c
hdurch sď gu jd trďdt gdodalhtď vrca cxpcrdcgȝď icfhtď lc rďzàd
Ȕd sď hd tatuȔd vdsc htàt lc prcodsc<:".
Lc uglc vdg hocstc oaȔehrurd1 sc çgtrch`ď Ghtbhidc [hklc.
\rhuecic sujcrdtc lc pďrdgȝd sc çgrďlďodgchzď ahrc çg dgoagȔtd
cgtui oapdiuiud, çg eaecgtui çg ohrc hocȔtdh çd pavcstcso cvcgd
çgfrazdtahrcc pc ohrc hu trcùdt sď ic çglurc1
ecgtcic çgfrazdtahr
Lhr, çg hocst ohz, oue sc cxpidoď ahrc oaȔehrurdic ohrc çi
hshitchzď pc Ehro çgoď lc oàgl crh jahrtc edo, lcȔd pďrdgȝdd
sďd gu hu paecgdt gdodalhtď lc Baiaohust çg prczcgȝh iud1
<: D`dl., p. 0<8. (g.h.)
30
‗Ehro sc edrď lc praprddic oaȔehrurd; pďrdgȝdd iud hu çgocput
sď-d pavcstchsoď lcsprc trcout h`dh lc ouràgl Ȕd, çg pius, gu-Ȕd
hedgtcȔtc oh cd sď-d jd lcsords vrcalhtď socgcic htraoc ohrc d-hu
`àgtudt
`àgt udt gapȝdic oapdiďrdcd LcȔd gu Ȕd-h huzdt gdodalhtď pď
rdgȝdd pavcstdgl vrca socgď çgfrazdtahrc, ardoàt lc eďrugtď,
Ehro hrc deprcsdh oď h trďdt «çgtr-a he`dhgȝď Ȕd a hteasjcrď
jahrtc çepavďrďtahrc½ çgoď lc ih och ehd jrhfclď vàrstď<6." <2
\rhueh rďzàdui
rďzàduiudud cstc su`dcot ocgtrhi Ȕd çg ocroctďrdic oď
rarh id sc oagshorď lc oàȝdvh hgd psdbhghidsth Hggc Hgocidg
Ȕd 
_obùtzcg`crfcr.
tràgl Jastď
vdc hedgtdrch iuptďtahrc çg ohlrui
oihglcstdgdtďȝdd Pczdstcgȝcd
Ȕd h iuptciar pďs
phrtdzhgdiar
jrhgoczd ih ohrc, hscecgch saȝuiud cd, h phrtdodpht çg tdepui
ociud lc-Hi Ladich Pďzàd Eagldhi, Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg
`crfcr h hvut aohzdh sď oagsthtc oàtď departhgȝď hrc dstardh
çg dgoagȔtdcgtui Ȕd çg lcstdgui jhedidhi. Ohephgddic edidthrc,
àe`hrlhecgtcic, cxcouȝddic, ehshorcic, lhr sd a`docdurdic sd
prhotdodic ldg prczcgt, cvcgdecgtcic hotuhic, obdhr Ȕd hgcolatd
oc icfhtc
obcd lc hjdcohrc
pcgtru soahtchgih lc sugt, çgohrc
rďzàdfaiurdic
iuedgď eàdgdic cd, udedtahrc
hjcotchzď lcsocg
lcgȝh oidcgtuiud Ȕd sceghichzď cxdstcgȝh ugcd jhgtaec.
Gc-he çgtàigdt pcgtru prdeh ahrď çg ehd 8446. Ohrtch sh, Hác
ecs hácuxug `cstsciicr gchȔtcptht, ohrc s-h vàglut çg pcstc
<>.>>> lc cxcepihrc, e-h ohptdvht. Ehgdcrh cd lc h iuorh hsu
prh fcgchiafdcd phodcgȝdiar sďd, hsaoddgl-a ou cvcgdecgtcic ds
tardoc Ȕd ou oagtcxtui ouiturhi Ȕd saodhi, h lcsobds pcrspcotdvc pc
ohrc
oď ic-he
crhgusaȝdh ehdthicgtht
ugud çgtàigdt
çgtài gdoďdcrd
gdtae çg hitďEhroci-^hui
lc Ȕtddgȝď, phrtc. Ȓtdhe,_obùtzcg
lc hitjci,
`crfcr. He hvut prdickui sď hprcodcz lctcredghrch Ȕd uearui
hocstud ae çg 844<, çg tdepui ugcd lcz`htcrd jurtugahsc lcsprc
<6 D`dl., p. 0:8. (g.h.)

<2 ^sdbaiafdh Ȕd rďgdic ldg jhedidc, Cldturh ^bdia`dh, 0>8<. (g.tr.)
3?
lhrwdgdse<4, oďrudh çd oae`ďtch ou jcredthtc hguedtc tczc.

Ecldo, ehtcehtdodhg phsdaght lc tcarddic dgjarehȝdcd Ȕd ece
`ru hi Hohlcedcd lc Ȓtddgȝc, Ehroci-^hui _obùtzcg`crfcr gu h
jast pra`h`di strďdg lc ardcgthrch pc ohrc h oďpďtht-a ohrdcrh sa
ȝdcd shic, Hggc Hgocidg. OugaȔtche ehd hics dgtcrvcgȝddic iud çg
laecgdui Ȕtddgȝciar ‗lurc" (ehtcehtdod, tcardh dgjarehȝdcd, `d
aiafdc Ȕd cvaiuȝdc). HȔhlhr, h jast ou htàt ehd ceaȝdaghgt pcg
tru edgc sď hjiu, ldg rcihtďrdic saȝdcd iud, lcsprc decgsui sďu
dgtcrcs pcgtru Ȕtddgȝcic uehgc. _hvhgt çgoď ldg tdgcrcȝc, hocst
ae d-h prczcgtht saȝdcd shic rcsurscic saodaectrdcd, ldsodpidgď
gu taoehd ougasoutď çg Jrhgȝh ih vrcech hocch, ih jarehidzh
rch oďrcdh h oagtrdùdt ou hkutarui dgstruecgtciar ehtcehtd
oc3>. Jaglhtď lc Khoa` Icvy Earcga çg pcrdahlh rďzàduiud,
saodaectrdh stuldhzď, ldg pugot lc vclcrc ohgtdthtdv Ȕd cxpc
rdecgthi, rcihȝddic uehgc cxdstcgtc çg ohlrui ugar frupurd Ȕd
papuihȝdd, lhr Ȕd praprdctďȝdic psdbaiafdoc hic papuihȝddiar rc
spcotdvc. Ch pugc çg vhiahrc raiurdic pc ohrc ic hvce jhȝď lc
hgturhkui gastruçgldrcot
sugt hghidzhtc tcrhpdh prdglcpsdbalrh
Ȕd jhȝď eď,\aoehd
saodcthtc.
psdbalrheď, hocstc raiurd
ohrc rcprczdgtď dg
struecgtui prdvdicfdht hi Hggcd Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr. Ch h
iuorht çglciugf ou psdbdhtrui Ȕd saodaiafui Khoa` Icvy Earcga,
ohrc h pus `hzcic hocstcd tcrhpdd çg hgdd 840>. ^sdbalrheh oagstď
çg ‗h-ȝd kuoh vdhȝh pc socgh psdbalrhehtdoď", hldoď çg h rcoag
stdtud, pc a socgď tcrhpcutdoď, a sdtuhȝdc pcrsaghiď dstardoď rchiď
shu a sdtuhȝdc departhgtď dehfdghrď.
Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr hrc a çglciugfhtď ohrdcrď lc
oidgdodhg Ȕd lc prajcsar ugdvcrsdthr38, oagshorhtď prhotdoďrdd,
<4 ‗Ics ävaiutdags lc i'Ävaiutdag", oaiaovdu çg _cghtui Sgdvcrsdtďȝdd dgtcrldsod-

pidghrc ldg ^hrds, < dugdc 844<, arfhgdzht lc Kchg _thugc Ȕd Kchg-Jrhgæads Ihe-
`crt. (g.h.)
3> Ehroci-^hui _obùtzcg`crfcr, ‗Ätulc sthtdstdquc l'ug praìâec lc sa-
odaeätrdc", Fhiidoh `daiafdoh Hot
Hothh (84<2). (g.h.)
38 Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr cstc prajcsar cecrdt ih Sgdvcrsdthtch ldg Gdsh,
(g.h.)
3<
çgtrchfď. rďspàgldrdd
prclďrdd Ȕdçgtruoàt psdbalrhecd
h hics ldghedodduglctcrhpcut
sď jdc ehdȔdlcfrh`ď frup çg iuech
lcoàt
ug ae lc Ȕtddgȝď (ocroctďrdic cd Ȕtddgȝdjdoc, rchidzhtc pc `hzc sth
tdstdoc, hu jast ehd puȝdg ldjuzhtc), he jast udedtď sď rcfďscso
ih ch hocchȔd pcrscvcrcgȝď oh h saȝuiud cd çg hghidzhrch jarec
iar lc trhgsedtcrc h dgjarehȝdcd depidohtc çg arfhgdzhrch Ȕd su
prhvdcȝudrch ociar vdd. ‗Eď çgtr
çgtrc`",
c`", çed spugch ch, ‗oue pahtc
hvch odgcvh dehfdgd «jatafrhjdoc½, hldoď cxtrce lc prcodsc, ou
sugctc Ȕd iuedgd, edrasurd Ȕd jdard, hic ugar trhuec pc ohrc gu
ic-h trďdt Ȕd ohrc gu d-hu jast pavcstdtc." \aoehd çed var`dsc
çglciugf lcsprc ugcic ohzurd lc trhuec trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic
pravaohtc lc rďzàd.
Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr hghidzchzď eaȔtcgdrch fcgch
iafdoď dgldvdluhiď çg ohlrui ugar frupurd lc phtru pàgď ih Ȕhsc
pcrsahgc, çg Ȕcldgȝc ohrc lurchzď lauď shu trcd zdic; ‗Jdcohrc
pcrsahgď var`cȔtc lcsprc jhedidh sh Ȕd gatchzď cvcgdecgtcic
ehrohgtc hic praprdcd dstardd pc a oahiď ehrc lc bàrtdc. Jdcohrc
oidcgt çȔd oagstrudcȔtc hràrcic fcgchiafdo, oaecgtht Ȕd çeàfď
ȝdt ou cvcgdecgtc lc vdhȝď, hldoď fcgas
fcgasaodafrh
aodafrheh.
eh. Fcgasaodafrh-
eh vdgc lc ih «fcgchiafdc½ Ȕd lc ih «saodafrheď½ (rcprczcgthrc
h icfďturdiar, h rcihȝddiar)", prcodzchzď Hrec Hgocidg _obùtzcg
`crfcr. ‗Ch depidoď oagstruoȝdh frhjdoď Ȕd ldg eceardc, jďrď
laouecgtc Ȕd jďrď oďuthrch prchih`diď h ugar dgjarehȝdd, h hr
àrciud fcgchiafdo, ou jhptcic iud ehrohgtc, ou cvcgdecgtcic lc
vdhȝď departhgtc, ou icfďturdic hjcotdvc, rcpctdȝddic Ȕd lcspďrȝdrd
ic ldgtrc su`dcot Ȕd hgturhkui hocstudh Ȕd ldvcrscic pcrsaghkc ldg
dstardh iud jhedidhiď. Lc cxcepiu, sc vh ecgȝdagh odgc trďdcȔtc
su` hocihȔd hoapcrdȔ shu eďgàgoď ih hocchȔd ehsď, odgc oud çd
orcȔtc oapddd, odgc pc odgc çgiaoudcȔtc çg jhedidc, oue hu iao phr
thkcic, odgc sugt ocd prdvdicfdhȝd Ȕd ocd lcjhvardzhȝd cto." Dg phrh
ici, hochstď oagstruoȝdc cstc hghidzhtď Ȕd ldsouthtď ou tcrhpcutui.
_c orcchzď, hȔhlhr, ug hràrc ‗dehfdghr", çg scgsui oď su
`dcotui gu çgochroď sď rcoagstdtudc dstardh jhedidhiď hȔh oue s-h
33
pralus ch, ou lcpidgď a`dcotdvdthtc, od hȔh oue a pahrtď çg ci,

çg eal oagȔtdcgt Ȕd dgoagȔtdcgt. Hochstď dstardc prczdgtď ‗fa
iurd" shu ‗gcspusurd" pc ohrc iuorui ou tcrhpcutui çgochroď sď
ic uepic. Oàgl gc oagjrugtďe ou occh oc h jast Ȕtcrs ldg ec
eardh jhedidhiď, lcvdgc pasd`diď oagstrudrch ugcd rcprczcgtďrd
gad, dgcldtc h dstardcd gahstrc jhedidhic, çg ohrc dehfdgch htrd
ùdtď pcrsaghkciar oc a oaepug sc ealdjdoď çg oagscodgȝď. Dg
rchidzhrch fcgasoaodafrhecd, hitcrgchzď rcihtďrdic pcrsaghic Ȕd
ldsouȝddic hotdvc çgtrc Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr Ȕd oidcgt.
Lc oc prhotdoď ch fcgasaoda frheh ehd hics çg frup1 ^cgtru
fcgasaodafrheh
oď, lupď pďrcrch cd, frupui hrc a jugoȝdc lc ‗rczaghgȝď". Oh
dgldvdzd, gu sugtce gdodalhtď tathi scphrhȝd ugdd lc hiȝdd. Gc
‗soďilďe çgtr ug oagtcxt psdbdo ehd vhst, jdc oď c var`h lc
sprc oagtcxtui jhedidhi shu lcsprc oci saodhi. Pciuàgl pugotui
lc vclcrc hi iud Earcga, Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr oagsd
lcrď oď cxdstď ug oadgoagȔtdcgt lc frup, hȔh oue cxdstď ug dg
oagȔtdcgt jhedidhi Ȕd oď hocst dgoagȔtdcgt lcvdgc hotdv lc çglhtď
oc ahecgdd iuorchzď çeprcu
çeprcugď gď çg frupurdic lc fcgasoaoda
fcgasoaodafrh-
frh-
eď, sprc ehrcic `cgcjdodu hi jdcoďrudh ldgtrc phrtdodphgȝd.
Ociďihit dgstruecgt pc ohrc sc sprdkdgď Hggc Hgocidg
_obddtzcg`crfcr cstc cxpcrdcgȝh cd çg occh oc prdvcȔtc oaeugd-
ohrch gagvcr`hiď. Ch spugc oď cxprdehrch trďdrdiar prdg utdid
zhrch sphȝduiud Ȕd h ide`hkuiud oarpuiud cstc och ohrc çd pcredtc
sď hkutc ug sthfdhr sď-Ȕd oagȔtdcgtdzczc trhueh Ȕd sď a cihà
rczc. ‗C var`h
(ichmhfc), lcsprc occh
hldoď ihpsusurd oc hecrdohgdd
fcstuhic; guecso
a pasturď, «soďpďrd½
ug fcst frďdtar,
lc cxcepiu a eàgď ohrc ouprdglc fàtui Ȕd çgsaȝcȔtc a ceaȝdc
vdzd`diď. _hu obdhr lc hrtcjhotc, oue hr jd purthrch sdstcehtdoď
h ugcd cȔhrjc."
He rufht-a sď-ed cxpidoc oc hguec çgsche
çgschegďgď pcgtru ch oa-
eugdohrch gagvcr`hiď Ȕd uglc Ȕd oue h çgvďȝht-a.
“ _ď Ȕtdd oď h jast ug hlcvďrht pcrdpiu! çg psdbalrheď,, çg tcb
psdbalrheď
gdoh luìuiud, dedtďe fcsturdic, pasturh Ȕd rdteui rcspdrhtar hi
3:
su`dcotuiud pcgtru dlcgtdjdohrch ou ci. HȔh he çgocput. Lhr he

hghidzht hochstď jareď lc oaeugdohrc phrtdouihrď Ȕd ou Ehr
fhrct Echl Ȕd Frcfary @htcsag. ^c lc hitď phrtc, Jrhgæadsc
çgvďȝhtt sď jdu jahrtc htcgtď ih tat occh oc hrc icfďturď
Laita e-h çgvďȝh
ùoa-jhrdgfdhgď,, ih oagstrdoȝdh fàtuiud Ȕd ih zfaeatc
ou zagh ùoa-jhrdgfdhgď
oh lrcfcrch fihsuiud shu sobde`ďrdic lc rdte rcspdrhtar. Cscg
ȝdhic sugt çgsď ocroctďrdic çg prdvdgȝh oaeugdoďrdd gagvcr`hic çg
ocputc ih Ȕoahih lc ih ^hia Hita30, lc oďtrc Frcfary @htcsag.
Hoaia hghidzhe frupurdic, jhediddic jdiehtc çg ohlrui Ȕcldg
ȝciar lc tcrhpdc. _obcjjicg e-h lctcredght sď hghidzcz Ȕcldgȝc
lc psdbatcrhpdc ruiàgl hocchȔd scovcgȝď lc Ȕhdzcod lc ard ih
ràgl! Cd lh, hȔh hd aohzdh sď vczd; pasturdic, fcsturdic, edȔoďrd
ic oarpuiud, tcgsdugch eusouihrď, hoȝdugch-rďspugs, a çgtrch 
fď vhrdcthtc lc cxprcsdd oarparhic. Lc cxcepiu, ehgdjcsthrch
dgvaiugthrď h scgtdecgtciar prdgtr-a ededoď, ug sobde` lc
prdvdrd, ug fcst lc hfhshrc. ^rdeui ecu hrtdoai lcsprc oaeugd-
ohrch gagvcr`hiď lhtchzď ldg 84:0. Hpad, d-he oagshorht hocstcd
tcec tczh ech lc laotarht ldg 846:. He a`scrvht Ȕd hghidzht
htàt lc euit ldvcrsc frupurd çgoàt phroď hȔ hvch a ohecrď lc
jdieht çg aobd Ȕd prdvdrch oh ug jhr! Sreďrcso çgtatlchu
çgtatlchughgh a
pcrsahgď htugod oàgl var`cȔtc Ȕd sugt htcgtď ih hocst ide`hk
hi oarpuiud ohrc eď dgjarechzď lcsprc ehgdcrh dgvaiugthrď -
lcod dgoagȔtdcgtď - lc h oaeugdoh h ugud dgldvdl.
“ Ȓd oue jhocȝd ldstdgoȝdh çgtrc a trhueď pravcgdgl ldg
vdhȝh dgldvdluhiď Ȕd a trhueď trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď1 Hochsth ldg

ureď c sceghihtď prdgtr-a ehgdjcsthrc oarparhiď hguec1
“ HȔ rďspuglc oď ‗hphrcgȝcic sugt çgȔciď çgȔciďtahrc".
tahrc". Hitjci
spus, lc jahrtc euitc ard, çg sphtcic ugcd trhuec pcrsaghic
cxdstď a hith, hgtcrdahrď Ȕd jhedidhiď, lc jhpt. çd çglceg hlcsch
pc oidcgȝdd ecd sď cjcotuczc ocroctďrd supidecgthrc çg hrbdvcic
30^hia Hita, arďȔci lc iàgfď _hg Jrhgodsoa (Ohidjargdh), uglc h iuht ghȔtcrc, çg
ohlrui ugcd edȔoďrd h tcrhpcuȝdiar (Frcfary @htcsag, Kabg Vchmihgl, ^. Vhtz-
ihwdom), tcrhpdh jhedidhiď guedtď ‗sdstcedoď". (g.h.)
36

jhedidhic shu prdg Edgdtci3? ard çg ràglui jhedidcd, pcgtru h-Ȕd
oaepicth dgjarehȝddic. Ȓd, çg hochstď prdvdgȝď, cihàrhrch fcga-
saodafrhecd pahtc ugcard sď hoȝdagczc ehd çg prajugzdec hsu
prh psdbdseuiud lcoàt a hghidzď.
“ âtrdvdt psdbhghidȔtdiar Gdoaihs H`rhbhe Ȕd Ehrdh \üram,
hghidzhrch jhgtaec
jhgtaecdd cstc a eugoď oc gcocsdtď tdep Ȕd cjart.
Oàgl v-he odtdt sordcrdic, e-he fàgldt oď, ldepatrdvď, fcgasa-
lc 
odafrheh depidoď a eugoď sourtď lurhtď. Ȓd tatuȔd, vď rhpar
thȝd oihr ih hocȔtd lad hutard htugod oàgl var`dȝd lcsprc jhgtae
jhgtaeď,
ď,
gu-d hȔh1
“ Lh, hȔh cstc. Lhr s-h çgtàepiht sď-d ougaso pcrsaghi pc
ocd lad psdbhghidȔtd. Jďrď çgladhiď, cxdstď ugcic iuorurd pc ohrc
ic-he prciuht lc ih cd jďrď sď-ed lhu scheh. Ih jci Ȕd dgvcrs,
pra`h`di. Hvche ug frup lc iuoru ohrc sc rcugch kadh çg hochs
tď çgoďp crc çg ohrc gc hjiďe houe Ȕd ih ohrc phrtdodphu Gdoaihs
çgoďpcrc
H`rhbhe
cd Ȕd Ehrdh
sď-Ȕd jd sords \üram.
ohrtch, Hsth
I'äoaroc pctrcoch
ct icscgayhu, ou jhgtaeh
çg ohrc euit çghdg tc oh
çghdgtc
lcvdgc
ug oagocpt oidgdo. He ldsoutht euit, dgoiusdv lcsprc jhgtae jhgtaeď,
ď,
Ȕd pra`h`di oď hguedtc iuorurd ed-hu jast trhgsedsc çg jciui
hocsth. Crhe stulcgtď laotarhgl çg psdbaiafdc çg hocihȔd tdep
ou Ehrdh \üram. Ecrfche sďptďeàghi ih hocihȔd scedghr hi
psdbhghidstcd Kuidcttc Jhvcz-@autagdcr, prajcsar lc psdbaiafdc
ih _aràgh.
“ Ȓd oue cxpidohȝd oaȔehrurdic fcgchiafdoc1
“ Gu ic cxpido, lahr oagstht oď cic cxdstď. He putch var
`d lcsprc ‗dlcgtdjdohrc dgoagȔtdcgtď", lcsprc ‗iadhidthtc dg
vdzd`diď", lcsprc ‗cgfrheď3< psdbaiafdoď Ȕd psdbasaehtdoď h
hgfahscd Ȕd h rďuiud sujcrdt" shu lcsprc ‗pavhrh ugcd trhuec
3? _dstce lc oaeugdohrc prdg dgtcrecldui ugud edo oaeputcr `rhgȔht ih tcicjag

Ȕd ohrc jurgdzchzď a decgsď `hzď lc lhtc, hoocsd`diď tuturar hàghȝdiar ldg Jrhg-
ȝh ohrc Ȕd-hu dgsthiht ug hstjci lc ldspazdtdv, (g.h.)
3< (psdb.) Sreď iďshtď lc hotdvdthtch ugud cxodthgt hsuprh sdstceuiud gcrvas ocg-
trhi. (g.rcl.)
32
trcoutc", patrdvdt dpatczciar ugar hutard ohrc s-hu prcaoupht
lc hspcotui tcarctdo hi hocstar praìcec. çg ocd pcstc odgodzcod
lc hgd lc oàgl cxdstď psdba lrheh,, he hsdstht çg eal jrcovcgt
psdbalrheh
ih ehgdjcsthrch ugar rctrďdrd hgfahshgtc, hrbhdoc, prcvcr`hic
(rctrďdrch ghȔtcrdd, lc cxcepiu). çg occh oc prdvcȔtc rctrďdrd
ic trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic, h`dh he çgocput sď rcougahȔtce jhptui
oď cic cxdstď! Ȓd oagstht oď, htugod oàgl ohuzh hocstar oaȔeh
rurd cstc lcsoapcrdtď, oàgl trhueh cstc cxprdehtď Ȕd hsouithtď,
oàgl ‗iuorurdiar id sc spugc pc guec" Ȕd oàgl hocstc dehfdgd
ard`dic sugt vcr`hidzhtc çg prczcgȝh ugcd pcrsahgc ohrc çgȝc
icfc Ȕd jhoc icfďturd, sdeptaecic sc ldedguchzď oagsdlcrh`di
shu ldsphr oaepict.
Alhtď oc sugt scsdzhtc ehgdjcstďrdic/hg taecj, hocstch lcvdg
ug sceg oidgdo, hprahpc ih jci lc sdepiu oh tcstui edȔoďrdd rc
jicxc h fcgugobduiud. Cu çd rcougaso prczcgȝh lupď jhptui oď
ahecgdd sc çgjdahrď lc jrdf, dhr cu sdet ug vhi rcoc vcgdgl sprc
edgc, oh Ȕd oue hȔ jd lcsobds ug jrdfdlcr. Hlcsch, çg hocst ohz, c
var`h lcsprc pcrsahgc ohrc sujcrď jdc lc @ahih Phyghul, ohrc
cstc jahrtc frhvď, jdc lc hgfahsc oragdoc, lc hste shu lc `rag
Ȕdtc rcpcthtc. Ldsout ou ugh ldgtrc hocstc pcrsahgc çg tdep
oc-Ȕd jhoc fcgasaodafrheh Ȕd, ldgtr-alhtď, a vďl oď sc luoc sď-Ȕd
dh ug puiavcr. A çgtrc`; ‗țd-c jrdf1 Oc sc çgtàepiď1" Ȓd, jahrtc
rhpdl, pargdgl lc ih hocst sdepiu sceg oidgdo, var`de lcsprc
jrdf, lcsprc ug ‗jrdf earthi" shu lcsprc ‗h jd çgfbcȝht lc sphd
eď"" cto. Ȕd lcsoapcrde strďeaȔui Ȕd fcgui lc praìceď shu lc
eď
trhueď lcsprc ohrc hr putch jd var`h. ihtď-gc htugod pc pdsth
scorctuiud shu h scorctciar lc jhedidc ohrc praluo hocstc trďdrd
ldjdodic Ȕd rcpctdȝdd gaodvc.
çg tdep oc Hggc Hgocidg _obutzcg`crfcr sdetc ldgtr-a

lhtď oaàràgl hsuprh cd jrdfui ohrc çd sceghichzď prczcg
ȝh ugcdodulhtc
lurcrd jhgtaec, Ldldcr
çg ùr
ùrtď Luehs
tď htugod pavcstcȔtc
oàgl oď h sdeȝdt
s-h oagjrugtht gdȔtc
ou prdeui
34

ohz lc `àgtudrc. Crh ug tàgďr psdbhghidst ih vrcech hocch,
prhotdoh ecscrdh lc lahr oàȝdvh hgd Ȕd gu Ȕtdh gdedo lcsprc
trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi.
‗^rdeh ahrď oàgl a jhgtaeď h hpďrut çg `draui ecu, crhe
htàt lc puȝdg prcfďtdt sď-d pcrocp cxdstcgȝh çgoàt he prdedt-a
ou a tuiùrhrc oarparhiď lc a vdaicgȝď gďuodtahrc; sdeȝche
gdȔtc orhepc h`laedghic çgfrazdtahrc. Crh h`saiut lc gcçgȝc
ics. Lurcrdic eď hshithu decldht oc prdeche çg `drau a hgu
edtď oidcgtď ohrc gu ehd soatch gdodug ouvàgt lc oàtcvh iugd
lc zdic. Ehd hvche Ȕd hitc oidcgtc ohrc tďochu oh ch, lhr prczcg
ȝh iar gu-ed pravaoh gdodlcoue hochstď scgzhȝdc lurcrahsď.
Crh var`h lcsprc a jcecdc oďrcdh d sc lďlusc prcguecic ugcd
surard ehd ehrd, lcoclhtc ih a vàrstď jrhfclď. He guedt-a
@ihgobc33. HȔhlhr, jcecdh hochsth juscsc oagocputď pcgtru h a
çgiaoud pc a hith. Ȓd, çg pius, làglu-d dlcgtdthtch ugcd eahrtc,
eheh cd jďousc ehd euit lcoàt sď-Ȕd lcsohroc hsuprh sh laidui
lupď prdeh jddoď. Eahrtch hocstcd surard ehd ehrd crh lckh rc
zuithtui ugcd jhgtaec, hi ugud hit laidu gcçgobcdht çg oapdiďrdc
lc oďtrc eheh cd; a sarď h hocstcdh sc çgcohsc oàgl, jctdȝc jddgl,
sc kuohu heàglauď iàgfď ug iho.
_c çepidgchu lckh gauď iugd lc oàgl @ihgobc vcgch pugo
tuhi ih Ȕcldgȝc, lhr jďrď h soahtc a var`ď, dhr cu gu putche
pravaohc scegdjdohȝdh
çgȝcicf
çgȝcicfc eutdseui cd. hocstar zduh çgh`laedghic
^àgď çglurcrd pced-he
ohrc, lupď oc ic
ohrc edpus
a euiȝdec lc çgtrc`ďrd çg prdvdgȝh hocstud jcgaecg, he prc
iugfdt Ȕcldgȝh Ȕd he jast uiudt lc occh oc he huzdt-a zdoàgl;
‗HȔ vrch sď vď spug oď ed-hȔ lard sď jdu çg ùrth luegchvahs
trď." He çgȝcics htugod decldht oc çgsceg
çgsceghuhu lurcrdic lc ùrtď.
Cic cxprdehu lardgȝh pc ohrc a sdeȝch @ihgobc lc h fďsd, çg
pcrsahgh ech, a eheď guehd pcgtru ch. ^c phroursui ociar
33Ohzui hocsth h jast puìdoht çg I'Hgfc ct ic Jhgtaec, ap. odt., p. 86 Ȕd ureď-

tahrcic. (g.h.)
:>
gauď iugd lc tďocrc, @ihgobc rcfrcshsc jďrď h çglrďzgd sď ras
tchsoď hochstď lardgȝď, h prdard a`socgď, lc h vrch sď sc oud`ď
rchsoď çg ùrth ugud ae. \ďocrch cd crh a rcfrcsdc ih sthldui lc
jctus. Ȓd, prdg hochstď lardgȝď lc gcpragugȝht, ch çȔd cxprdeh
sujcrdgȝh lc h gu jd vcgdt pc iuec lcoàt oh çgiaoudt
çgiaoudtahrc
ahrc h ugcd
hitc pcrsahgc, hocch hi oďrcd guec çi purth."
:8
?
^sdbafcgchiafdh
“ ^ďrdgȝdd tďd s-hu oďsďtardt pc 0: hprdidc. Ȓd tu1 a çgtrch`ď

Ohraic Ih`clhg.
“ ^ďd, Ȕd cu ih jci, rďspuglc Ehrtdgc uiudtď.
“ Hu hvut lad oapdd. Lhr tu, oàȝd hd1
“ Lad, ȔaptcȔtc Ehrtdgc, h`dh rcvcgdglu-Ȕd ldg stupahrc.
Lc ocvh vrcec, Ehrtdgc ghvdfbchzď çg aochgui icfďturdiar
lc rulcgdc depcrocptd`dic. Oue sc guech ùgdoui cd phtcrg1
Sglc trďdh ci1 Dg hjhrh jhptuiud oď crh oradtar, thtďi cd gu d-h
spus ehrc iuoru lcsprc hocsth. Lhr lcsprc ùgdoh cd, hvch ehd
euitc dgjarehȝdd1...
Lhr dhtď oď, lcalhtď, ug iuoru lcvdgc oihr. Ocrocthrch pď
trugzďtahrc lczvďiudc jhptui oď occh oc ch oagsdlcrh oď h hics
çg eal oagȔtdcgt
a apȝdugc (ecscrdh,
oagȔtdcgtď. çg kao oďsďtardh, oapddd) gu ȝdgchjhedidhic,
crhu Ȕd oaeparthecgtc lahr lc
htdtuldgd depidodtc hic thtďiud cd, hic ehecd cd shu hic ardoďrcd
hitc rulc ohrc h çgsce
çgsceght
ght ocvh pcgtru ch. Ȓd, pcgtru h hkug
fc sď çgȝcichfď hocstc iuorurd, Ehrtdgc s-h lus sď oagsuitc ug
psdbafcgchiaf.
Eugoh ugud psdbafcgchiaf oagstď çg cvdlcgȝdcrch h occh
oc Jrcul h guedt ‗rcpctdȝdh", oci ehd dgsdldas luȔehg hi hotd
vdtďȝdd ecgthic. Oidgdodcgdd ldg laecgdui fcgchiafdo hu a hàr
lhrc ldjcrdtď h oagocptuiud lc rcpctdȝdc jhȝď lc hàrlhrch iud
Jrcul. âtrdvdt hocstudh ldg ureď, spdrdtui pďrdgȝdiar Ȕd hi strď
eaȔdiar gu dgjiucgȝchzď gdod struoturh spdrdtuiud dgldvdluiud,
:?
gdod lcstdgui iud. HȔhlhr, oidgdodcgdd ldg laecgdui fcgchiafdo
prcdhu hocst oagocpt pc oagt praprdu, làglu-d ug scgs ehd
ihrf. Çgtr-hlcvďr, taȝd oagsdlcrď oď rcpctdȝdh dsoď euit ehd
euitc çgtrc`ďrd çg ldecgsdugch cd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď lcoàt çg
ldecgsdugch cd dgldvdluhiď. Ehd vdaicgtď, ehd rhldohiď, rcpc
tdȝdh fcgchiafdoď cstc h`saiut dgcvdth`diď Ȕd gu sc pahtc iuorh
hsuprh dstardcd jhedidhic h dgldvdluiud jďrď h lh lc ch.
‗He çgocput sď eď dgtcrcscz lc hocst su`dcot ou vrca zcoc
hgd çg ureď, pargdgl lc ih a rcehroď h jddocd ecic, sordc Hggc
Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr çg Hdc, ecs hácux! Jhth ech ed-h spus;
«Eheď, çȝd lhd scheh oď tu cȔtd och ehd ehrc ldgtrc lad oapdd,
ldg ohrc hi ladich cstc eart Ȕd oď thth c Ȕd ci oci ehd ehrc ldg
trc lad
sugt ochjrhȝd,
ehdldg ohrc
ehrc hi ladich cstc, lc hscecgch, eart Ȕd
ldgtrc oď cu..
lad oapdd, ldg ohrc hi ladich c eart.
Ȕd oď, lc ih eahrtch ugobduiud Kchg-^hui, eď tceche ahrcoue
lc eahrtch jrhtciud ecu...½ (pàgď oàgl hochsth h survcgdt).
\rch`h hsth e-h Ȕaoht. Crh hlcvďrht. Ȓd jhptui oď crh var`h
lcsprc hoodlcgtc, lcsprc hoodlcgtc lc ehȔdgď, gu sobde`h çg
gdodug jci praìceh, `h ldepatrdvď.
He çgocroht htugod sď-ed hedgtcso iuorurd icfhtc lc jhedidh
ech Ȕd ed-he hlus hedgtc lc earȝd Ȕd lc lcocsc ou rcpctdȝdc3:.
çglrcpthtt htugod ou ba
Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr s-h çglrcpth
tďràrc oďtrc hghidzh trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiuiud. Hstďzd, ch prhotdoď
tcrhpdd lc frup ocgtrhtc pc oagstrudrch fcgasaodafrh ecd. ^cg
fcgasaodafrhecd.
tru oď, lupď pďrcrch cd, çg hochstď eugoď ‗oci ehd dgtcrcshgt,
oci ehd dgcldt jhpt cstc sth`didrch ugar pasd`dic icfďturd çgtrc
cvcgdecgtc, lhtc, vàrstc, sdtuhȝdd. Ȓd oagsththrch cxdstcgȝcd
rcpctdȝddiar36".
Ldldcr Luehs cstc ih jci lc ohtcfardc. ‗Htugod oàgl gc
aoupďe lc oapdd Ȕd hvce çg vclcrc praìcecic pďrdgȝdiar,
3: Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr, Hác, ecs hácux! Lcsoiäc lc @rauwcr/Ih Eärd-
ldcggc, 844?, p. 63. (cldȝdc rcvdzudtď Ȕd hlďufdtď 8442). (g.h.)
36 D`dl., p. 24. (g.h.)
:< '
^sdbafcgchiafdh
a`scrvďe oď rcpctdȝdh cstc, çg ocic ehd çgspďde
çgspďdeàgtďtahrc
àgtďtahrc hs
pcotc hic cd, çg prdeui ràgl fcgchiafdoď. Ocd ohrc gc oagsuitď
pcgtru praìcecic pc ohrc ic hu ou oapddd iar lavclcso hocst
iuoru çg ughgdedthtc. GhȔtcrch ugud oapdi cstc çgtatlchugh
edzh ugcd rcpctdȝdd. H jhoc ug oapdi çgschegď, çghdgtc lc tah
tc, h rcpcth oc hu jďout pďrdgȝdd. _ugt jcecd ohrc gc spug; «Cu
he hvut lrcpt hehgȝd guehd hrtdȔtd, pictaȔd, ȝdpd heuzhgȝd Ȕd,
lupď hocch, gu-ed lhu scheh lc oc, he jďout ug oapdi ou ug
ht cxtrce lc rdfdl... Cstc dgsuparth`di, c oh thtďi ecu!½
`ďr`ht
`ďr`
_hu `ďr`htui c oci ohrc pavcstcȔtc; ‗Crhe jahrtc çglrďfastdȝ
çglrďfastdȝd,d,
jahrtc jcrdodȝd ldg pugot lc vclcrc scxuhi lhr, lc oàgl h hpď
rut oapdiui ďsth, s-h lus tatui. Gu ehd rcuȔde sď gc htdgfce."
çg oapdiďrdh iar, hocȔtd dgldvdzd Ȕd-hu pcrocput pďrdgȝdd oh pc
gdȔtc jddgȝc hscxuhtc sd htugod oàgl hu lcvcgdt thtd shu ehec,
hu hkugs cd çgȔdȔd hscxuhȝd, jďrď sď çgȝcichfď lc oc. _ugt uitd
edd ohrc rchidzchzď oď-d oapdhzď hstjci pc pďrdgȝdd iar! Ȓd ealui
hocsth lc h pavcstd oď, lc oàgl sugt pďrdgȝd, Ȕd-hu pdcrlut çg
trchfh scxuhidthtc, cstc och ehd a`dȔgudtď jareď h rcpctdȝdcd."
Ldldcr Luehs cstc lc pďrcrc oď rcpctdȝdh sc ‗sulchzď" çg
tr-ug sdeptae guehd lhoď hrc ih `hzď a hsceďghrc ecgth
iď h ociar lad pďrdgȝd. Ci oagsdlcrď oď tuiùrďrdic ecgthic gu
pravdg gdodalhtď lahr lc ih ugui ldgtrc pďrdgȝd. çg apdgdh iud,
hocstch sugt ohuzhtc, çg prdgodphi, lc a ‗pugcrc ihaihitď" shu
lc a ‗oaepicecgthrdthtc" h jhgtaeciar pc ohrc ic-hu eaȔtcgdt
cd çgȔdȔd. Ardoc `ďr`ht, lcoihrď ci çg I'Hgfc ct ic Jhgtaec, cstc çg
eďsurď sď lcsjddgȝczc jhgtae cic ldg idgdh ehtcrgď lahr trďdgl
jhgtaecic
pur Ȕd sdepiu ou oapdiui sďu, jddgl thtďi hocstudh, çgsď ou oag
ldȝdh oh ci çgsuȔd oď gu jdc purtďtarui ugcd jhgtaec hsceďgď
tahrc shu oaepicecgthrc.
\crhpcuȝdd lc jhedidc ohrc puìdoď hrtdoaic çg rcvdsth Ld-
hiafuc dgsdstď Ȕd cd euit hsuprh lctcredgdseuiud lc arldg
fcgchiafdo oc oagldȝdagchzď hicfcrch phrtcgcruiud. Pcvdsth rc
spcotdvď rcfrupchzď stuldd oidgdoc Ȕd saodaiafdoc rcjcrdtahrc ih
:3

oupiu Ȕd Dh jhedidc. ‗A`scrvhȝddic oidgdoc çg prdvdgȝh jhediddiar
Ȕd h oupiurdiar gc pcredt sď oagsthtďe oď hicfcrch phrtcgcru
çeprcugďď ou ohrc sc jho pihgurd jhedidhic lc vddtar gu cstc
iud çeprcug
çgtà
çgtàepiďta
epiďtahrc",
hrc", sordc psdbhghidsth Cvciygc Frhgkag 32. Lupď
pďrcrch cd, ‗hidhgȝh jaglhtahrc h oupiuiud, hpad h frupuiud jh
edidhi, sc `hzchzď pc icfďturd id`dldghic Ȕd ghrodsdstc", lhr Ȕd
‗fcgchiafdoc". Ch oagsdlcrď oď hochstď hidhgȝď ‗cstc çgtài
çgtàigdrch
gdrch
ldgtrc lauď lcsocglcgȝc, ou oaepicecgthrdthtch Ȕd cȔcourdic
iar". Occh oc a lctcredgď sď hluoď çg ldsouȝdc a praìceď ehd
prcodsď; ‗Oc lcstdg çi çepdgfc
çep dgfc pc ae - jdc oď c `ďr`ht, jdc oď c
jcecdc - sď hichfď a jhedidc hguec (Ȕd, `dgcçgȝcics, a pcrsahgď
hguec),
sh gu aoagturdic
lhoďCstc
jhedidc1" edsdugc pc guhrc
pc ohrc ic lcputce
gc-a rcfiht hsueh
ou praprdh
sdg
furd, cstdechzď Cvciygc Frhgkag, ohrc hlhufď oď ‗fcgchiafd
oui hoȝdagchzď çgoď lc ih çgtcecdcrch frupuiud jhedidhi, lc ih
çgocputurdic
çgocputurd ic sdstceuiud psdbdo jhedidhi". Oàt lcsprc ‗çgtàigd
rch fcgchiafdoď" oc oagstdtudc, çg aobdd cd, oupiui, hochsth hrc
lrcpt ohrhotcrdstdoď jhptui oď cstc ug ‗gcfhtdv jaglhtar hi ou
piuiud", ug ‗gcȔtdut" ohrc rcjicotď, ih jdcohrc phrtcgcr, ‗gcspu-
surd departhgtc ldg jhedidh iud".
‗Hicfcrch hearahsď pahtc jd dglusď lc a jhgtaeď", sordc a
hitď psdbhghidstď lc jhedidc, Lcgdsc Earci34. Lupď pďrcrch cd,
hochstď jhgtaeď pahtc jd h ugud eart ohrc, çg struoturdic dgoag
Ȕtdcgtuiud ugcdh ldgtrc ocic lauď jhedidd, gu h putut jd çgfra 
pht Ȕd gu h putut jhoc a`dcotui ugud laidu. çg hocst ohz, ‗hidhgȝh
ldgtrc ocd lad saȝd cstc, çg prdeui ràgl, a hidhgȝď çgtrc ugui
ldgtrc phrtcgcrd Ȕd «jhgtaeh½ ugudh ldgtrc pďrdgȝd". HȔh sc çg
tàepiď oh ‗hicfcrch hearahsď sď rcprczdgtc htugod ug jci lc
32 Ävciygc Frhgkag, ‗\rhocs shgs eäeadrc ct idcgs fägähiafdqucs lhgs ih oag -
stdtutdag lu fraupc jhedidhi", çg Ldhiafuc gr. 42, ‗Ih präscgoc lc i'h`scgt", trd-
ecstrui <,8426. (g.h.)
34 Lcgdsc Earci, ‗Obadx lu phrtcghdrc ct fägähiafdc", çg Ldhiafuc gr. 8>>, ‗Ic
ldhiafuc ct ic scorct", trdecstrui 0,8422. (g.h.)
::
^sdbafcgchiafdh
pugcrc çg socgď, çg fcgcrhȝdh ureďtahrc, h occh oc jhoc phrtc
ldg hocstc vcstdtc scorctc lc jhedidc".
Laecgdui fcgchiafdcd Ȕd gadic tcrhpdd
Gu cstc çgsď gchpďrht gcvadc sď jdd psdbhghidst pcgtru h prho

tdoh psdbafcgchiafdh. Hochsth cstc ug dgstruecgt htàt lc pcr
jarehgt çgoàt jugoȝdagchzď lc ih sdgc shu hprahpc lc ih sdgc.
Hstjci, eugoh iud Ohraic Ih`älhg oagstď, çg prdgodphi, çg h-d
hkuth pc ocd ohrc a oagsuitď sď sth`dichsoď a icfďturď çgtrc occh
oc id sc çgtàepiď hdod Ȕd houe Ȕd cicecgtcic dstardcd iar fcgch
iafdoc. Ohraic gu sc oagsdlcrď psdbhghidstď, od psdbafcgchiaf.
He vďzut oď hghidzh fcgchiafdoď crh hàrlhtď lc hghidȔtd
ohrc gu sc ougaȔtchu çgtrc cd. Lc hitjci, sdtuhȝdh gu phrc sď sc
jd sobde`ht gdod houe, ih pcstc lauďzcod lc hgd lc ih prdec
ic stuldd oidgdoc puìdohtc çg hocst laecgdu. HȔh sc cxpidoď,
pra`h`di, jhptui oď prhotdoh fcgchiafdoď hphrc Ȕd çg eugoh tc
rhpcuȝdiar ohrc gu sugt psdbhghidȔtd, ldgtrc ohrc oci ehd ougas
out cstc Kalarawsmd :>. Hickhglra Kalarawsmd jhoc phrtc ldgtrc
ocic`rdtďȝdic phrdzdcgc. Aeui hocsth, lc ardfdgc obdidhgď,
thicgtc euitdpic. Cstc socghrdst lc jdiec Ȕd lc `cgzd lcscgh
hrc
tc, sorddtar Ȕd ehrc ougasoďtar hi thratuiud. Lď çg oďrȝd çgtr-ug

`dstrau phrdzdhg Ȕd, ociar ohrc çd ocr hocst iuoru, ic jhoc hràrc
ic fcgchiafdo. ^cgtru Ohraic Ih`älhg, çgtàigdrch ou ‗Kala" h
jast lcodsdvď.
\cgldgȝh lc h cxpiarh Ȕd lc h cxhedgh dstardh jhedidhiď cstc
jahrtc rďspàgldtď ih arh hotuhiď, gu guehd çg ecldui tcrhpcu
ȝdiar ohrc gu sugt ecldod od Ȕd, hȔh oue vae vclch, çg iuech
ecldohiď. Hstjci, çg laecgdui tcrhpcutdo, trhgsfcgcrhȝdagh-
iui phrc sď sc praphfc ldg oc çg oc ehd euit. Cxdstď guecraȔd
:>Kalarawsmd h sords lauď oďrȝd pc hochstď tceď; Ic tbäàtrc lc ih fuärdsag (çe-
Hi`dgg Edobci, 844< Ȕd I'hr`rc lu Ldcu pcglu, Eäthdidä,
prcugď ou Fdiics Jhroct), Hi`d
844:. (g.h.)
:6

oidgdodcgd ohrc hu dgtcfrht hocst gau dgstruecgt çg prhotdoh
iar. Ci cstc prczcgt, su` ldvcrsc jarec, çg tcrhpdh jhedidhiď,
çg hghidzh trhgzhoȝdaghiď Ȕd oaeparthecgthiď, çg psdbhghidzh
oapddiar, çg hghidzh lc frup Ȕd çg tcrhpddic lc oupiu. ^rcȝdasui
ehtcrdhi pc ohrc çi jurgdzchzď stuldcrch hràrciud fcgchiafdo
aoupď ug iao departhgt çg tahtc hocstc jarec lc tcrhpdc. Dgld
jcrcgt oď var`de lcsprc ‗orchrch hràrciud fcgchiafdo" shu h
‗fcgasaodafrhecd" ard h ‗fcgafrhecd", ghturh praoclcuiud
cstc hocchȔd. Dg pius, çg cpaoh gahstrď, hvce pasd`didthtch sď
oagsuitďe ug gau fcg lc tcrhpcuȝd, h oďrar hoȝdugc cstc ided
thtď, ch oagtrdùdgl ih oagȔtdcgtdzhrch ugar hspcotc depidodtc,
gcspusc shu dghvuh`dic ohrc oagstdtudc eaȔtcgdrch ecgthiď dg
oagȔtdcgtď h ugcd pcrsahgc çg dstardh cd jhedidhiď. HocȔtdh sugt
‗psdbafcgchiafdd".
^sdbafcgchiafdd hphrȝdg jhedidcd psdbaiafdiar, lhr ȝdg ih oh
rhotcrui iar spcodjdo. ‗\crhpdh çg psdbafcgchiafdc cstc a psdba
tcrhpdc hghidtdoď. Ch gu hrc gdedo lc-h jhoc ou psdbhghidzh shu
ou tcrhpdh oaeparthecgthiď. Ldjcrď, lc hscecgch, çg hguedtc
prdvdgȝc, Ȕd lc psdbatcrhpddic trhldȝdaghic:8", sordc Obhgthi Pd-
hiihgl, çgtr-a ohrtc oagshorhtď psdbafcgchiafdcd. Lhr ch prc
odzchzď, lc hscecgch, oď ‗psdbatcrhpdh hghidtdoď rcdh `hzcic
tcarctdoc hic psdbhghidzcd; raiui dgoagȔtdcgtuiud, hghidzh vdsc
iar cto.:0".
çg fcgcrhi, psdbafcgchiafdd pc ohrc d-he çgtàigdt, `ďr`hȝd
shu jcecd, cjcotuhscrď a psdbhghidzď pcrsaghiď, lhr Ȕd tat jc
iui lc hitc ocroctďrd. Gdoaic Pdvdârc, çg vàrstď lc odgodzcod Ȕd
odgod lc hgd, çed cxpidoď; ‗Crhe jhrehodstď. He jďout psdba
tcrhpdc ou ug psdbhghidst, hpad tcrhpdc ceaȝdaghiď lc frup ou
Ctdcggc Khicgqucs. ^c lc hitď phrtc, he stuldht hstraiafdh ou
:8 qudd vdt cg gaus, Pa`crt Ihjjagt, 844<, p. 0<8.
Obhgthi Pdhiihgl, Octtc jhediic qu
(g.h.)
:0 D`dl., p. 0<>. (g.h.)
:2
^sdbafcgchiafdh
ug psdbhghidst jrculdhg, prajcsar ugdvcrsdthr ih Ghgtcrrc, ^bd
idppc Frhgfcr. Ci e-h çgvďȝh
çgvďȝhtt tahtc `hzcic psdbaiafdcd pc phr
oursui h odgod hgd Ȕd ed-h dgsujiht lardgȝh lc h eď jareh çg
psdbafcgchiafdc. Occh oc he çgocput sď jho ou Hggc Hgocidg
_obùtzcg`crfcr. Ou ch, prhotdo htàt psdbalrheh, ldghedoh lc
frup, oàt Ȕd fcgchiafdh. Hstďzd, sugt psdbafcgchiaf. Dd hkut pc
ahecgd sď-Ȕd jhoď fcgasaodafrheh çg trcd shu phtru Ȕcldgȝc lc
oàtc lauď arc." Ih ràglui cd, Ohraic Ih`clhg h stuldht çglc
iugf, lupď oc Ȕd-h jďout hràrcic fcgchiafdo, icfďturdic ldgtrc
bhzhrl Ȕd prcvdzdugc prdg dgtcrecldui hrbctdpurdiar \hratu-
iud lc Ehrscdiic Ȕd sdstceuiud obdgczcso lc ldvdghȝdc hi iud Td
Mdgf, pc ohrc ic oagsdlcrď dgstruecgtc lc ‗hutavdglcohrc".
HȔhlhr, jhptui oď hu jďout a psdbatcrhpdc h`saiut oihsdoď gu-d
çepdcldoď pc hocȔtd tcrhpcuȝd lc tdp gau sď ȝdgď ih hotdvdthtch
iar lc psdbafcgchiafd. Jdc a oagsdlcrď ehd cjdodcgtď Ȕd ehd rh
pdlď ih gdvciui `cgcjdod diar oidgdoc, jdc prcjcrď ug prataoai lc
`cgcjdoddiar
iuoru ehd puȝdg frcad lcoàt oci hi praprdcd iar tcrhpdd. Jdc hu
jďout hochstď hicfcrc taoehd pcgtru oď psdbhghidstui iar, ih jci
oh hi ecu, gu Ȕtdh gdedo lcsprc laecgdui fcgchiafdo.
^sdbafcgchiafdd gu prctdgl oď hu hitď prcfďtdrc çg hjhrh
ocicd oagjcrdtc lc hràrcic iar pcrsaghi. Sgdd, prcoue Ohra
ic Ih`clhg, rcdhu trhldȝddic ardcgthic ohrc, sprc lcasc`drc lc
hghidȔtdd jrculdcgd, rcougaso iaoui strďeaȔdiar çg vdhȝh psdbd
oď. Ocd jarehȝd lc Hickhglra Kalarawsmd, prdeui ohrc h Ȕtdut
sď utdidzczc thratui çg ldecgsdugch sh tcrhpcutdoď, sugt jhedidhrd
ohzui
ou hguedtc
ihgl, ohrc hprhotdod
jaglht ldvdghtardd.
ug dgstdtut Cstc Ȕd iud Obhgthi
lc psdbafcgchiafdc. Pdhioc
Occh
lavclcȔtc lardgȝh lc h ajdodhidzh a prajcsdc oc hr trcùd sď oh
pctc, çg hgdd oc urechzď, ug hlcvďrht hvàgt, pcgtru oď ocd ohrc
a prhotdoď çg prczcgt sugt tat ehd guecraȔd.
:4

Dtdgcrhrdui ugud psdbafcgchiaf
He çgtàigdt
çgtàigdt-a
-a pcgtru prdeh ahrď pc Ohraic Ih`älhg ih a scrh
tď arfhgdzhtď çg Frďldgh dlcdiar:?. Zcgdsc, çg schrh hocch, htrh
sď lc cxpazcui ecldouiud houpugotar @cggy Ohssuta, hvàgl
lrcpt tceď ‗ecrdldhgcic cxtrharldghrc :<". Jcecdh hochsth tà
gďrď Ȕd jahrtc vdahdc, ou pďrui sourt Ȕd stujas çgoagkuràglu-d oh
a ohsoď obdpui lc oapdi vcsci, sc oagsdlcrď hutaldlhotď. ^cgtru
ch, hsth çgschegď oď tat occh oc h prhotdoht çg lcoursui vdcȝdd h
hkutht-a sď-Ȕd dgvcgtczc ecscrdh; stulddic idtcrhrc, prhotdohrch
ehd euitar tcrhpdd oarparhic, h tcbgdodiar sbdhtsu:3, Xd Fagf, h
rcihxďrdd _obuitz, h iuoruiud hsuprh vaodd, ougahȔtcrch fàgldrdd
trhldȝdaghic obdgczc cgcrfctdoc, jrcovcgthrch hsdluď h ctgaec-
talaiafdcd::, stuldui jugoȝdugdiar ceìcehtdoc praprdd ldvcr
sciar frupurd uehgc. ^àgď Ȕd oaecrȝui ou hgtdobdtďȝd Ȕd ealh
hu çgvďȝht-a, ugui departhgȝh eceardcd sdeàidoc h a`dcotc
iar trcoutuiud, ochihitď ‗oàt lc putcrgdoď cstc lardgȝh jdcoďrudh
lc h-Ȕd orch a hphrcgȝď ohrc sď sc patrdvchsoď ou occh oc hrc
ehd dgtde jddgȝh sh".
^rdg urehrc, tatui h çgocput pcgtru ch çg zduh çg ohrc, çgtài-
gdglu-8 pc Kalarawsmd, Ȕd-h jďout hràrcic fcgchiafdo. ‗Hochs
tď çgtài
çgtàigdrc
gdrc h jast a hlcvďrhtď `dgcouvà
`dgcouvàgthrc!",
gthrc!", spugc Ohraic
Ih`älhg. Sg eaecgt oruodhi çg dtdgcrhrdui cd pcgtru oď, çg
ureh hocstud lcecrs, pďtruglc pc tcrcgui psdbafcgchiafdcd.
:? çg D`. jrhgoczď; Ic Khrldg l'dläcs, (g.tr.) Frup lc ocrocthrc h sdstceciar ec-
thpsdbaiafdoc,
(g.h.) pc ohrc Ldldcr Luehs Ȕd cu çgsďed i-he orcht çg dhguhrdc 844:.
:< ‗Ecrdldhgcic cxtrharldghrc" oarcspugl, çg ecldodgh obdgczď, ou occh oc
Jrhgæadsc Laita h oagocptuhidzht su` tcrecgui lc dehfdgc dgoagȔtdcgtď h oar-
puiud, eceardc eutď, lhr jdlciď, h ardoďrcd dgohrgďrd, lc ih ce`rdag pàgď ih
`ďtràg. Hocstc edgughtc oďd oagstdtudc, çgt çgtr-ug jci, a hghtaedc ldghedoď, cva-
r-ug
iutdvď, h dgoagȔtdcgtuiud gastru jrculdhg. (g.h.)
:3 _bdhtsu cstc a tcbgdoď lc çgfr dkdrc prdg ehshk Ȕd oaeugdohrc thotdiď, (g.h.)
çgfrdkdrc
:: Ctgaectalaiafdh prclhtď ih Sgdvcrsdthtch ldg ^hrds ZDD sc aoupď lc ectalcic
lc jugoȝdaghrc praprdd jdcoďrud frup uehg, (g.h.)
6>
^sdbafcgchiafdh
Hocsth jast eaecgtui

hotarui hpraprdcd çg ohrc
ecic vdcȝd", ‗he sdeȝdt
prcodzchzď ch. oď
^cgtru sjàrȔdt,
lcvdg,oďçg‗çghdgtc
lc hsth, gu-ed fďsche obcehrch, gdod edkiahocic lc h eď sdtuh
çg iuec. Srehsce tatuȔd a tcrhpdc vrcec lc trcd hgd, ih vàrsth
lc odgodsprczcoc hgd, ou ug psdbdhtru. Lhr h`dh oàgl ed-he
jďout hràrcic fcgchiafdo he çgȝcics oàt lc euit rcpcthe ea
lcicic jhedidhic lc ohrc gu crhe oagȔtdcgtď, hlhptàglu-ic ih
jciui ecu lc-h jd. Ed-he rcecearht ardfdgch, occh oc ed-h
pcreds sď lcsoapďr oď sujcrdgȝcic ecic gu crhu zhlhrgdoc, oď
cic hvchu ug scgs ldg pcrspcotdvh hocstud ehrc ihgȝ hi fcgc
rhȝddiar çg ohrc sc çgsordc ardoc vdhȝď aecgchsoď. He çgvďçgvďȝht
ȝht sď
vďl çg cic çgocroďrd, pasd`didtďȝd dgdȝdhtdoc". Ȓd Ohraic Ih`clhg
hlhufď zàe`dgl; ‗\crhpcuȝdd sugt hlcsch ahecgd ohrc hu jast
frcu çgocrohȝd lc vdhȝď. Gu trcùdc ahrc sď jd sujcrdt tu çgsuȝd
pcgtru h putch ajcrd çgfrdkdrc Ȕd uȔurhrc1"
Ldg eaecgtui çg ohrc Kalarawsmd d-h lcsobds ohich psdba-
fcgchiafdcd, Ohraic s-h jareht lupď ealciui Oaephgdagd
iar lc aldgdahrď, jďrď sď ihsc gdedo ih çgtàepihrc. çd vdzdtchzď
pc spcodhidȔtdd çg ‗hràrcic fcgchiafdo"= iuorchzď a vrcec ou
Obhgthi Pdhiihgl ohrc çd hsdfurď prcfďtdrch tcarctdoď, çȔd oag
tdguď oďutďrdic çg prchkeh Hggcd Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr, lc
ih ohrc çgvhȝď, jďoàglu-Ȕd hràrcic çg Ȕcldgȝď lc frup, rchid
thtch oagorctď h sdglraeuiud hgdvcrshr Ȕd raiui pc ohrc çi kahoď
dstardh çg cihàrhrch fcgasaoda frhecd. Dg phrhici, çi çgtàigcȔtc
fcgasaodafrhecd.
pc Kchg-Ehro Cysshict, ohrc prclď fàgldrch obdgczď trhldȝda
ghiď; ‗He çgocput htugod sď sth`dicso icfďturd çgtrc ldecgsdu
gch hgocstrhiď Ȕd cjcotcic cd hsuprh vdcȝdd dgldvdluiud, pc lc a
phrtc, Ȕd, pc lc hitď phrtc, cgcrfctdoh obdgczď Ȕd tcardh thadstď h
strďeaȔdiar. Hocstc lauď hàrlďrd pug çg cvdlcgȝď gcocsdthtch
lc h prdvd dgldvdlui ih gdvci fia`hi, dgoiusdv çg ldecgsdugch
iud spdrdtuhiď. çgsď
çgsďȔd
Ȕd gaȝdugch lc lcsocglcgȝď sc pahtc lcoidgh
jdc çg rhpart ou strďeaȔdd Ȕd ou iuech çgoagkurďtahrc, jdc çg rh
part ou ug spdrdt orchtar.
68

\depui strďeaȔdiar, çd pihoc cd sď spugď, cstc tdepui ardfd
gdd spcodcd= cstc Ȕd tdepui pradcotuiud ldg ociuih vdc; pradcot hi
oagocpȝdcd, lhr Ȕd hi àidd. Zcobdd obdgczd oagsdlcrhu oď cxdstď
ug «ehglht½ lht lc ldvdgdthtc ugcd spdȝc Ȕd oď hocsth trhvcrsch
zď cxdstcgȝh dgldvdluhiď h jdcoďrudh ldgtrc ece`rdd cd. HȔhlhr,
hocst ehglht trcoc prdg edgc, uitdeui lcsocglcgt ohrc trďdcȔtc
hdod Ȕd houe= lhr cu sugt oci ohrc lcodl çg prdvdgȝh lcstdguiud
ecu, h ealuiud çg ohrc çi vad agarh. Gc ghȔtce ou ug pihg
lc vdhȝď pcrsaghi, lhr icfht tatuȔd lc eaȔtcgdrch gahstrď. Cxds
tď ug pravcr` çg fàgldrch trhldȝdaghiď obdgczď ohrc spugc oď,
pcgtru h ougahȔtc a pcrsahgď, trcùdc sď-d ougaȔtd fcgchiafdh
pàgď ih h gauh spdȝď. Ehglhtui (tcrecg pc ohrc çi prcjcr ociud
lc lcstdg, prch jhthidst) cstc ehgdcrh çg ohrc jdcohrc çȔd pahtc
fďsd iaoui Ȕd ealui lc hoȝdugc çg iuec Ȕd çg ohrc sc pahtc rchidzh.
Ehglhtui rcprczdgtď ldecgsdugch pur spdrdtuhiď h jddgȝcd, och
çg ohrc gc sdeȝde çg icfďturď ou spdrdtui orchtar oc iuorchzď çg
gad Ȕd ohrc gc çepdgfc ecrcu sď lcsoapcrde occh oc sugtce. Iu
orui hsuprh
lcrhrc hràrciud
ehglhtcic fcgchiafdopc
gcçglcpidgdtc
gc pcredtc sď iuďe çg oagsd
ohrc gd ic-he hsueht Ȕd sď
cid`crďe occh oc gc pugc hutaeht çg rczaghgȝď ou gad çgȔdgc.
Hràrcic fcgchiafdo cstc, lc hscecgch, oci ehd jrueas
ldgtrc ecohgdsecic ldvdghtardd. çi putce rccxhedgh ih jdcohrc
gauď ldjdouithtc hpďrutď. Pheurdic hràrciud jho phrtc ldgtrc
struoturdic gahstrc ocic ehd prajuglc Ȕd saglhrch iar gc hkutď
sď hjiďe, çg tcrecgd vhih`did guehd pcgtru gad çgȔdgc, ohrc cstc
ohuzh ìaohkuiud. Hràrcic rďspuglc çgtatlchugh. Gu gc ajc
rď gchpďrht saiuȝdh, od dgjarehȝdd ohrc gc pcredt sď ecrfce ug
pdo ehd lcphrtc çg ldrcoȝdh och ùg
ùgď."
ď."
^sdbafcgchiafdh, eal lc utdidzhrc
‗Cu prhotdo psdbafcgchiafdh su` jareh ugcd tcrhpdd dgldvdluh

ic. Hràrcic, shu fcgas
fcgasaodafrheh, cstc a tcbgdoď oc sc çgsordc çg
aodafrheh,
60
^sdbafcgchiafdh
hochstď tcrhpdc. ^sdbafcgchiafdh pahtc jd prhotdohtď Ȕd su` jar

eh ugcd tcrhpdd çg frupurd lc odgod-Ȕhsc pcrsahgc, ohz çg ohrc
var`de lcsprc a dgtcrvcgȝdc pugotuhiď. ^crsahgh ohrc vrch sď-Ȕd
jhoď ldrcot fcgasao dafrhehh trcùdc sď jdc ou hlcvďrht eatdvhtď
fcgasaodafrhe
shu sď hd`ď a sujcrdgȝď houtď, oruodhiď. Alhtď oagstrudtď, fcgasa-
odafrheh lczvďiudc a struoturď hi oďrcd scgs pcrsahgh çg ohuzď
trcùdc sď jdc prcfďtdtď sď-8 hoocptc. Ldg hocst pugot lc vclcrc, c
prcjcrh`di sď gc hoarlďe tdep sujdodcgt pcgtru h a rchidzh. \de
pui gcocshr pcgtru dgvcgthrdcrch cicecgtciar dstardcd pcrsaghic
Ȕd jhedidhic pahtc lurh çgtrc ug hg Ȕd ug hg Ȕd kueďthtc.
\aȝd ocd ou ohrc iuorcz vdg ou ug a`dcotdv pc ohrc trcùdc
sď-i gatczc pc a jahdc lc bàrtdc. Oci ehd hlcsch, cstc var`h
lcsprc lcpďȔdrch ugcd praìcec, h ugcd ldjdouitďȝd lc vdhȝď;
gchkugsurd çg pihg prajcsdaghi shu coagaedo, ldjdouitďȝd çg vdh
ȝh hearahsď, lardgȝh gcrchidzhtď lc h hvch ug oapdi, ààhiď
hiď...
...
Stdidzcz hocst a`dcotdv hȔh oue hȔ jaiasd ug eatar lc oďuthrc.
Alhtď soapui htdgs, putce trcoc ih hitocvh. Gu cstc var`h lc
psdbhghidzď, oh dgldvdlui sď sc hgfhkczc çgtr-ug praocs rcjicxdv
Ȕd sď var`chsoď guehd lcsprc sdgc.
Iuorui sc cjcotuchzď prdg dgtcrecldui ugar jad ehrd lc bàr
tdc hsuprh oďrarh cu gu dgtcrvdg gdodalhtď çg eal ldrcot. Oah
ih rcspcotdvď cstc ug sphȝdu lc trhgzhoȝdc departhgt; frhjdoui
cstc cvaiutdv, jddgl çgoďroh
çgoďrohtt çgoctui ou çgoctui ou scegc pc ohrc
pcrsahgh çg ohuzď ic çgsordc pc eďsurď oc iuorui hvhgschzď.
_orddgl, sdeàidzàgl, dehfdgàglu-Ȕd ou hkutarui ouiardiar Ȕd hi
lcscgciar, su`dcotui hkugfc sď soahtď ih dvchiď partrctui dgtde hi
jhedidcd shic, hȔh oue a pahrtď çg jddgȝh sh. çd ocr, ehd çgtàd, sď sc
ehrobczc pc ci çgsuȔd pc hochstď jahdc lc bàrtdc, hiďturd lc taȝd
ece`rdd ougasouȝd hd jhedidcd, vdd shu earȝd. çg fcgcrhi, hochstď
rcprczcgthrc rďeàgc oh hthrc, gu sc ehd iuorchzď ldrcot hsuprh
cd. Hpad, pc a hitď jahdc lc bàrtdc, iuorďe çg eal ldstdgot hsu
prh idgdcd ehtcrgc Ȕd h idgdcd phtcrgc. Sreďrde çgtatlchugh sď
lcpdstďe rcpctdȝddic Ȕd tcecic departhgtc, sdgfurh rcfuiď jddgl
6?

hocch lc h gu Ȕtcrfc gdodalhtď occh oc h jast lckh sords. A dg
jarehȝdc rcjcrdtahrc ih a ùgdoď, ohrc ehd tàrzdu, lupď oďutďrd,
cstc hguihtď shu oagtrhzdsď, çȔd lczvďiudc çgtrchfh departhg
ȝď htugod oàgl trcùdc rcotdjdohtď. Hocst hgsheìu lc çgscegďrd
oagstdtudc supartui eugodd lc dgtcrprcthrc.
âhtc jd jahrtc lcruthgt pcgtru su`dcot sď var`chsoď lcsprc
ùgdoh iud shu lcsprc ug ugobd çglcpďrtht ehd lcfrh`ď lcoàt
parhiď ci çgsuȔd.
lcsprc ou çgtatlchugh
ug hit tcrhpcut, prapug,
pcgtru çg sth`did
h putch a tcrhpdcçgtrc
phrhici,a icfďturď oar
ehgdjcstďrdic oarpuiud (lurcrd lc ùrtď, lc ohp cto.) Ȕd cicecg
tcic hsuprh oďrarh iuorďe çg eaecgtui rcspcotdv. Hlcsch, pra
oclàgl hstjci, çgiďturďe `hrdcrcic ldg ohich oagȔtdcgtdzďrdd.
Hochstď eugoď h lad tcrhpcuȝd ohrc ldspug lc dgstruecg
tc ldjcrdtc Ȕd ohrc gu oaeugdoď ugui ou ociďihit çg eal ldrcot,
od guehd prdg dgtcrecldui phodcgtuiud, çd ajcrď hocstudh ldg
ureď pasd`didthtch lc h sc pihsh oh rczuitht hi çgtàigdrdd ldg
trc ug prdgodpdu ehtcrg (ldg ldrcoȝdh oarpuiud) Ȕd ug prdgodpdu
phtcrg (ldgsprc var`drc Ȕd hràrc). Ȓd hsth, jďrď h lcodlc ld
ghdgtc çg prdvdgȝh scxuiud tcrhpcuȝdiar sďd. Jddgl var`h lcsprc
hotuhidzhrch, hdod Ȕd houe, h scgsuiud lcsocglcgȝcd, hocst tdp
lc prataoai rcprczdgtď ug sprdkdg departhgt= phodcgtui pahtc
sď-Ȕd jdxczc hstjci, çg oagȔtddgȝď, icfdtdedthtch oagocpcrdd Ȕd vc
gdrdd iud pc iuec, çg ohlrui gcheuiud sďu. Departhgt cstc oh
phodcgtui sď lcsoapcrc scgsui çgtàigdrdd çgtrc thtďi Ȕd eheh iud,
hldoď h occh oc h jďout oh ci sď sc hjic hdod.
H icfdtdeh çgtàigdrch ldgtrc ug `ďr`ht Ȕd a jcecdc oc h lus ih
ghȔtcrch dgldvdluiud ohrc-Ȕd oagstrudcȔtc houe hràrcic fcgch
iafdo çgschegď lckh h çgȝcicfc oď lardgȝcic iar hvchu ug soap,
oď crhu cd çgȔdȔd prdgȔd çgtr-a urzchiď dgoagȔtdcgtď ohrc ic-h ard
cgtht hicfcrch. ^ďtruglce hstjci çg çgsuȔd scgsui lcsocglcgȝcd
oidcgtuiud Ȕd lcsoapcrde scgsui iud çg ohidthtc lc dgldvdl.
Hochstď eugoď pahtc lh scgzhȝdh ugud decgs bhas= sď rc
oagsdlcrďe scgsui Ȕd vhiahrch iuorurdiar ohrc sc trhgsedt lc-h
6<
^sdbafcgchiafdh
iugfui tdepuiud, prdg dgtcrecldui h zcod lc rulc Ȕd lc strď
eaȔd pàgď ih gad, dgldvdzd saidthrd Ȕd tatuȔd eaȔtcgdtard hd tutu
rar hocstar ahecgd! Lh, sugtce dgldvdzd, lhr hȔh dgldvdluhid
oue sugtce, jhoce phrtc ldgtr-a lcsocglcgȝď; sugtce jdu shu
jddoď, gcpat shu gcpahtď, strďgcpat shu strďgcpahtď Ȕd hȔh ehd
lcphrtc. çg pius, putce jd gad çgȔdgc pďrdgȝd.
çg ardoc tcrhpdc lc hocst fcg, cxdstď eaecgtc lc gcrď`lh
rc, lc aàschiď,
dlcgtdthtc hsdedihrc,
lc trcùdc
praprdc,
lc rcvcihȝdd. ^àgď sď gc fďsde a
sď gc iuďe rďehs ùg lc ih occh oc
he hoocptht sď çgtruobdp
çgtruobdpďeďe pàgď çg hoci eaecgt ldg jdlcidth
tc jhȝď lc occh oc gc-h jast dglus ih gdvci jhedidhi, ehd euit shu
ehd puȝdg cxpidodt.
çgsďď gu cstc sujdodcgt sď var`de, lc uglc Ȕd dlcch lc h trcoc
çgs
ih hoȝdugc. Lcscghrch hràrciqk fcgchiafdo, gatdȝcic, hicfcrch
sdeàiurdiar, h ouiardiar, cjcotuhrch ugar ocroctďrd oagorctc,
tahtc hocstch sugt lckh hoȝdugd çg sdgc. Ed sc çgtàepiď çgsď,
lcstui lc jrcovcgt, sď prapug Ȕd ug hot sdeàido, ug rdtuhi ohrc
trcùdc utdidzht zdigdo Ȕd ohrc hrc lrcpt soap çgiďturhrch ugcd dg
tcrldoȝdd. çgtr-a zd, d-he ocrut ugcd tdgcrc oďrcdh çd crh frcu sď-Ȕd
hsuec a jugoȝdc lc oagluocrc çg prajcsdh cd sď sc jaiaschsoď
çg ardoc çeprckurhrc lc jrueasui `hstag pc ohrc d-8 çeprueu
thsce, Ȕd sď jhoď hsth pàgď ih ureďtahrch gahstrď çgtàig çgtàigdrc
drc oc
ureh sď hd`ď iao odgodsprczcoc zdic ehd tàrzdu. Gu trcùdh sď sc
lcsphrtď lc ci su` gdodug eatdv. Dlcch hocstud rdtuhi ed-h vc
gdt htugod oàgl he vďzut oàt lc drcecldh`di lc ldstrufďtahrc
Ȕd lc ehgdpuihtahrc oagsdlcrh ch oď cstc hutardthtch, pcgtru oď
a hsaodh ou a pcrsahgď ldg jhedidc pc ohrc gu a du`ch Ȕd ou ohrc
sc tcech oď hr putch sceďgh. A lcscghsc pc hoch pcrsahgď ȝd
gàgl çg eàgď ug `hstag. Hràràgl hocst «`hstag hi putcrdd½,
oue spug Ȕhehgdd, tàgďrh Ȕd-h çgjru çgjrugtht
gtht tcecrch, oagsthtàgl,
çg jdghi, oď çȔd putch hsueh Ȕd ch jugoȝdd lc oagluocrc, jďrď h sc
oagjuglh tatuȔd ou rulh rcspcotdvď. Oàgl ed-h rcturght `hs
tagui oďrudh h Ȕtdut sď-d lch a utdidthtc iuldoď, ldjdouitďȝdic cd çg
63
h hoocpth dcrhrbdh sc ldedguhscrď euit Ȕd oagȔtdcgtdzhsc cva

iuȝdh ohrc sc pctrcousc çg ch.
Hlcsch, rdtuhiui hrc raiui lc h rcphrh a trhueď fcgchiafdoď
oc g-h putut jd, gdodalhtď pàgď htugod, lcpďȔdtď. _c çgtàe
çgtàepiď
piď oh
hocst rdtuhi sď çgobcd
çgobcdcc ou `dgc iuorui hsuprh hràrciud fcgch
iafdo, hguiàgl dgtcrldoȝdh shu oagvdgfcrch ohrc ìaobchzď lc
euitď vrcec lczvaithrch dgldvdluhiď. Pdtuhiui rcprczdgtď a
dgjarehȝdc gauď trhgsedsď dgoagȔtdcgtuiud hrbhdo, dgoagȔtdcg
tuiud hgocstrhi, pcgtru h-8 rcprafrheh pc a ohic ehd hgdehtď.
Oàgl pugc ohpďt iuoruiud, hotui ehrobchzď jdghiui rcihȝdcd tc
rhpcutdoc, pihsàglu-8 pc phodcgt çgtr-a ldghedoď oc lcpdglc
houe guehd lc ci.
Lc euitc ard, gcocsdthtch lc h trcoc ih hoȝdugc çg oursui tcrh
pdcd hphrc çgtr-a udedtahrc sdgoragdodthtc. çg eaecgtui çg ohrc
ug phodcgt oagȔtdcgtdzchzď cxdstcgȝh ugcd ldjdouitďȝd pcrsaghic
gcscsdzhtc pàgď htugod, hphrc `ruso çg vdhȝh iud a ocrcrc shu a
ajcrtď hjihtď çg stràgsď icfďturď ou ldjdouithtch rcspcotdvď. çed
hedgtcso lc a tàgďrď ohrc gu putch var`d çg puìdo. çg eaecg
tui çg ohrc h oagȔtdcgtdzht hocst iuoru, d s-h prapus sď susȝdgď a
oagjcrdgȝď pc a tceď ohrc a phsdagh! Oagjcrdgȝh h lcours jahrtc
`dgc, gu d-h oďzut ocrui çg ohp Ȕd, uitcrdar, d s-h prapus sď sus
ȝdgď a hitď oagjcrdgȝď. Sgcard, gu c gcvadc lc ehd euit lc-htàt
pcgtru oh ug dgldvdl, oapicȔdt oàglvh lc pavhrh dgcrȝdcd jhed
idhic Ȕd sartdt ugud praocs rcpctdtdv, sď çgvcȝc ehd çgtàd hrth lc
h hoȝdagh, lc h jd hotarui praprdcd vdcȝd, pcgtru h lcvcgd hpad
ci çgsuȔd ocroctďtar shu orchtar. \crhpdh fcgchiafdoď trhgsjar
eď pavhrh dstardcd jhedidhic çgtr-ug ehtcrdhi oďrudh dgldvdlui çd
pahtc cxpiahth lupď ùgui piho àfďȝdh lc dgjarehȝdd. Ci lcvd
gc hstjci ug pdvat, a hrtdouihȝdc h oagȔtddgȝcd çg suoocsdugch fc
gcrhȝddiar. Gu ehd iuorchzď lahr pcgtru sdgc çgsuȔd, od rcstdtudc,
lc hscecgch, ldghedseui lcsocglcgȝcd shic.
^hodcgȝdd ohrc hu lus ih ùg sjàrȔdt tcrhpdh jaiascso hlcsch,

pcgtru h a lcsordc, dehfdgch ugar pdcsc lc puzzic ohrc «gu sc
6P
^sdbafcgchiafdh
çe`dghu çghdgtc½ Ȕd ohrc, çgoctui ou çgoctui, çȔd ealdjdoď jar
eh. Cic hkugf sď hioďtudhsoď ug hgsheìu hreagdas oďrudh çd
oarcspuglc a trďdrc ih jci lc hreagdahsď, lc ugdjdohtahrc, ih
gdvci oarparhi. Cstc var`h lcsprc a lcsobdlcrc hsuprh lcpid
gďtďȝdd Ȕd h ldspagd`didtďȝdd dgtdec."
Ih sjàrȔdtui hocstcd oagvcrshȝdd hvutc ou Ohraic Ih`clhg,
rďeďscsce ou a çgtrc`hrc hrzďtahrc. D-he hlrcsht-a;
“ Lhoď hghidzh hocstcd eaȔtcgdrd gc lczvďiudc oàt lc pra
jugl sugtce piďeďldȝd ldg çghdgthȔdd gaȔtrd, htugod oc iao aou
pď id`crthtch dgldvdluhiď1
“ Cxhot çg hochsth oagstď çgtrchfh praìceď; sugt, çg hoc
ihȔd tdep, ug eaȔtcgdtar - eaȔtcgcso praìcehtdoh jhedidhiď,
çd lhtarcz ocvh, çg tcrecgd lc lhtardc Ȕd lc lhrurd çggďsou 
tc - lhr gu sugt lahr ece`ru hi ugcd jhedidd. çg ohidthtc lc
dgldvdl, ldspug lc ug patcgȝdhi lc gauthtc, lc orchȝdc, lc ard
fdghidthtc. Lcstdgui ecu çed hphrȝdgc, gu cstc hi strďeaȔdiar
ecd. Cu gu eď hjiu lahr çg scrvdodui tcehtdodd jhedidhic, lhr
gdod tathi lcthȔht lc hochstď tcehtdoď. ^sdbafcgchiafdh hghid
zchzď hochstď edȔohrc lc lu-tc-vdga çgtrc lctcredgdse Ȕd id`c
rui hr`dtru, lhtardtď oďrcdh jdcohrc pahtc sď sth`dichsoď eďsurh
iadhidtďȝdd shic oh ece`ru Ȕd sď hoochlď ih suvcrhgdthtch pra
prdcd vdcȝd.
<
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
Ohzui Eyrdhe
Cstc dhrgď, ou puȝdg tdep çghdgtc lc Orďodug. Eyrdhe, çg vàr

stď lc trcdsprczcoc hgd, sc rďgcȔtc çgtr-a `hrď lc jdcr ohrc sce
ghidzchzď a strhlď ldg Xuc`co. [ďphlh houeuihtď jarechzď
edod eavdidȝc Ȕd Eyrdhe sc kahoď làglu-sc pc ugh ldgtrc cic oh
pc ug lcrlciuȔ. Lcalhtď çgsď, hiugcoď Ȕd, lcpďȔdgl cxtrcedth
tch phgtcd, gdecrcȔtc çgtr-a `hrď lc sceghidzhrc ohrc sc çgjdfc
çg ch. @hrh cstc çgȝcpcgd
çgȝcpcgdtďtď çg pďeàgt, dhr dgjdredcrdd vcgdȝd ou
heùihgȝh trcùdc ehd çgtàd sď a soahtď pc oapdiď ldg ch pcg
tru h a putch trhgsparth ih spdthi.
Eyrdhe suprhvdcȝudcȔtc hoodlcgtuiud. ^c pihg jdzdo, cstc
vdglcohtď, lhr rďeàgc prajugl tuiùrhtď. çg tdepui ugcd oag-
suithȝdd, eheh cd çd lczvďiudc, çg prczcgȝh ecldouiud, ‗ehrcic sďu
scorct"; ch çgsďȔd h jast vdaihtď lc lad `ďr`hȝd cxhot ih vàrsth ih ohrc

jddoh cd s-h çgjdpt çg hoch `hrď, jhpt pc ohrc gu i-h spus gdodalhtď gd-
eďgud. Ar, `hrh lc jdcr ohrc h strďpugs lualcgui iud Eyrdhe lc ih
ug ohpďt ih hitui d-h rupt bdecgui Ȕd d-h pcrjarht ldhjrhfeh. Jdcrui h
pďtrugs çgtrc rcot Ȕd vhfdg, jďrď sď ic lctcrdarczc, h trcout ih lahr
oàȝdvh edidectrd lc vdsocrc, oruȝàglu-d vczdoh, utcrui, staeh
oui Ȕd jdohtui. ^c sourt, Eyrdhe h hvut ehrc garao Ȕd h dcȔdt ldg
spdthi ih zcoc zdic lupď hoodlcgt.
Hjiàgl çgsď oc d s-h çgtàepçgtàepiht
iht ehecd cd ih hocchȔd vàr
stď, Eyrdhe vh jhoc a scrdc lc dgvcstdfhȝdd pc iàgfď ùgdoh
64
cd ehtcrgď, çg ureh oďrarh vh lcsoapcrd udedtahrch rcpctdȝdc
fcgchiafdoď ou ohrc sc oagjrugth prdg hoodlcgtui sujcrdt. Ou
lauď fcgcrhȝdd çg ureď, strďùgdoh cd juscsc Ȕd ch vdaihtď çg
lauď ràglurd, ih ugsprczcoc Ȕd ih trcdsprczcoc hgd, Ȕd gu var`d
sc gdodalhtď lcsprc hocstc cvcgdecgtc.
Ohzui hocsth, oaeugdoht :6 lc ^raj. Fbdsihdg Lcvraclc lc ih
_crvdodui lc obdrurfdc fcgcrhiď ldg ohlrui Ocgtruiud ugdvcr
sdthr pcgtru sďgďthtc Cstrdc ldg _bcr`raamc, Xuc`co, diustrch
zď çg eal ciaovcgt pďtruglcrch hghidzcd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic
çg prhotdoh oidgdoď obdrurfdohiď. Çgtr-hlcvďr, cstc pcgtru prdeh
ahrď oàgl ug obdrurf oagsthtď dgjiucgȝh rcpctdtdvď Ȕd jhedidh
iď h trhueciar oarparhic hoodlcgthic ohrc, `dgcçgȝcics, gu hu
gdoda icfďturď ou eaȔtcgdrch fcgctdoď. Sgdd oidgdodcgd hu oag
vcgdt sď guechsoď hocst fcg lc rcpctdȝdc sdglraeui hgdvcrshr.
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr cstc jareh spcodhiď pc ohrc a pahtc oď
pďth rcpctdȝdh fcgchiafdoď htugod oàgl cstc icfhtď lc odjrc ou
scegdjdohȝdc, prcoue lhtcic ehrohgtc ldgtr-a jhedidc shu vàr
stcic ih ohrc hu hvut iao cvcgdecgtc trhuehtdzhgtc.
DgoagȔtdcgtui hrc eceardc ùgď
çg Jrhgȝh, uglc,
rhȝdaghiuiud, sď gu udtďe,
psdbhghidȔtdd h iuht ghȔtcrc
ldg ohlrui tcardh trhgsfcgc-
ehtcrgdtďȝdiar hu cjcotu
ht ocroctďrd çg prdvdgȝh lhtciar lc oagocpcrc Ȕd lc ghȔtcrc hic
`c`ciuȔdiar, htcstàgl hstjci, çgocpàgl ldg hgui 8462, rchidthtch
lcruthgtď h sdglraeuiud hgdvcrshr.
çg 8440, he lht çgtàe
çgtàepiďtar
piďtar pcstc ug gueďr vcobd hi rc
vdstcd ^syobhghiysc î i'ugdvcrsdtä, ohrc e-h iďeurdt hsuprh rh
parturdiar cxdstcgtc çgtr
çgtrcc scxuhidthtc Ȕd eahrtc çg praorchȝdc.
:6Hggc Hgoc idg _obùtzcg`crfcr h puìdoht lauď ohzurd hic prajcsaruiud Lcvra-
Hgocidg
clc, oci lc jhȝď jddgl lcsords çg och lc-h zcoch cldȝdc ldg dhguhrdc 8442 h oďrȝdd
Hác ecs hácux!, ap. odt., p. 848-84?. ^cgtru hocst ohpdtai, he ealdjdoht puȝdg
prczcgthrch iud. (g.h.)
2>
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
çgtr -ug hrtdoai:2 sceght lc lr. Eagdquc @yliawsmd, crhu prc
çgtr-ug
zcgthtc a scrdc lc jhptc oidgdoc oc hrďthu ealui çg ohrc lhtcic
lc ghȔtcrc hic oapddiar putchu jd hsaodhtc, çg dgoagȔtdcgtui eh
eciar, ou ug lcocs hgtcrdar survcgdt çg praprdh vdhȝď shu çg
gcheui iar. E-he frď`dt sď-d dhu ug dgtcrvdu hutaruiud. Ea
gdquc @yliawsmd e-h prdedt çg `draui cd lc ih spdthiui \hed-
cr. He fďsdt, iàgfď hochstď jcecdc ou a cxprdehrc oagodsď,
sujdodcgt ehtcrdhi pcgtru ug prde hrtdoai rcjcrdtar ih raiui
dgoagȔtdcgtuiud trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi çg jcougldthtc:4. Eagdquc
@yliawsmd cstc ldrcotar lc ocroctďrd çg ohlrui Dgscre6> Ȕd hi
Ihàrhtaruiud lc psdbaphtaiafdc juglhecgthiď Ȕd psdbhgh
idzď ldg ohlrui Sgdvcrsdtďȝdd ^hrds-ZDI Cstc gcurapsdbdhtru,
lc ardcgthrc Ȕd lc prhotdoď psdbhghidtdoc Ȕd oagluoc ocroctďrd
hvàgl lrcpt tcec ‗praìcehtdoh dgoagȔtdcgtď h rcpraluocrdd
uehgc" Ȕd ‗psdbaphtaiafdh pcrdghthiď". _tulddic oidgdoc hic lr.
@yliawsmd sc sprdkdgď, phrȝdhi, pc tcardh ordptcd Ȕd h jhgt
jhgtaecd
aecd h
psdbhghidȔtdiar Gdoaihs H`rhbhe Ȕd Ehrdh \üram. Cic hrhtď oď
cxdstď ugcard a icfďturď ldrcotď çgtrc lardgȝh lc h hvch ug oa
pdi Ȕd ug laidu gcçgobcdht. çg cthph oagocpcrdd oapdiuiud, tatui
sc pctrcoc oh Ȕd oue dgoagȔtdcgtui hr hvch ‗eceardc ùg ùgď",
ď",
ecearàgl lhtc Ȕddeparthgȝď

earȝdiar h oďrar tat htàȝdh ‗scegdjdohgȝd", hldoď cvaoďrd
psdbdoď h jast gcfidkhtď hic
shu cvc
gdecgtc (pdcrlcrch ugud arfhg, hvart, lc cxcepiu) ohrc, prdg
kaouii oadgodlcgȝciar Ȕd hi odoiurdiar sczagdcrc, jho trdedtcrc, ih
kaou
ràglui iar, ih hitc cvcgdecgtc - jhedidhic, lc hstď lhtď - ohrc,
aldgdahrď, hu jast cstaephtc.
_ď gc rchedgtde oď Ehrdh \üram h pus çg cvdlcgȝď ug
jhpt oidgdo lcsprc h oďrud cxdstcgȝď spugch oď cstc hprahpc
:2 Eagdquc @yliawsmd, ‗Ics cgjhgts lu läsdr, ic läsdr l'cgjhgt lhgs sh rcihtdag h

i dgoagsodcgt , ^syobhghiysc î i ugdvcrsdtä, 8462, vai. Z, gr. 8?. (g.h.)
:4 Gdgh Ohghuit, ‗Bhgtäs phr ic jhgtüec lcs ardfdgcs", Id`ärhtdag, 4 lcoce`rdc
8440. (g.h.)
6> Dgstdtutui ghȝdaghi pcgtru sďgďthtc Ȕd ocrocthrc ecldohiď ldg Jrhgȝh, (g.rcl.)
28

ugdvcrshiď; scr`hrch ehgdhohiď. HȔh oue he vďzut, hochsth sc
lcoihgȔchzď ih hgugȝhrch earȝdd ugcd pcrsahgc lrhfd, prava
oàgl a çgjiďoďrhrc scxuhiď ohrc, hsaodhtď ou ruȔdgch Ȕd vdga
vďȝdh, vh luoc ehd tàrzdu ih occh oc hocȔtd lad ocroctďtard hu
guedt ordptď shu àhih laiduiud. Eagdquc @yliawsmd hrhtď oď
scr`hrch ehgdhohiď sc pahtc ehgdjcsth, lc hscecgch, prdg oag
ocpcrch ugud oapdi. Ch sordc hstjci; ‗Cstc a pugcrc çg prhotd
oď shu ehd lcfrh`ď a trhgspugcrc çg oapdi. Idtcrhiecgtc, gu
ehd cxdstď ohlhvru, od cxdstď ug oapdi ohrc çd dh iaoui Ȕd `hrchzď
laidui oh cvcgtuhi praocs cihàrhtdv. Cxdstď a gcfaodcrc h la
iduiud. Ohlhvrui sc hsouglc çg oapdi68." Ȓd htugod, ‗oapdiui par
gcȔtc ou stàgfui; çgtrcrupcrch shrodgdd, prcehturdthtc frhvď,
`h obdhr psdbazď prcoaoc."
Cxtdgzàgl hochstď hghidzď, Eagdquc @yliawsmd hrhtď oď,
lhoď laidui lupď a jddgȝď lrhfď gu h putut jd çgobcdht, lhth lc
ocsuiud cd pahtc, ch çgsďȔd, sď dgldoc hocst iuoru, pcgtru oď sc
rcfďscȔtc çg lhth oagocpcrdd, h ghȔtcrdd shu h tcrecguiud prc
vdzd`di hi shrodgdd. HȔhlhr, hocstc trcd lhtc pat hvch lrcpt ardfd
gc a àhiď h laiduiud, dhr vhidldthtch dpatczcd h jast vcrdjdohtď lc
lr. @yliawsmd çg ohzui euitar jcecd çgsďrodg
çgsďrodghtc.
htc. Lc jhpt, ed-h
ehd çepďr
çepďrtďȔdt
tďȔdt ch, ih gdvci jhgthsehtdo, ‗guecrahsc jcecd
oagsdlcrď ghȔtcrch ugud oapdi oh jddgl rcpcthrch, rcghȔtcrch
ugcd pcrsahgc ldspďrutc Ȕd rcfrcthtc". çgoď ehd he vdc çg edg
tc ceaȝdh pravaohtď çg ràglui jcecdiar ldg rclhoȝdc lc hoci
‗laouecgt" ldg phfdgdic kurghiuiud lcldohtc Ȓtddgȝcd; ahrc a
jd vhih`di Ȕd çg ohzui gastru1 _ď iuďe lcstui lc çg scrdas ocroc
tďrdic iud Eagdquc @yliawsmd Ȕd sď hghidzďe ehd çglchprahpc
lhtcic lc ghȔtcrc hic praprddiar gaȔtrd oapdd1
68 Eagdquc @yliawsmd, ‗Ics cgjhgts lu läsdr, ic läsdr l'cgjhgt lhgs sh rcihtdag

î i'dgoagsodcgt", ap. odt., p. 6>. (g.h.)
20
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
^sdbhghidzh çg ehtcrgdthtc
Odgod hgd ehd tàrzdu, çg uitdeh cd ohrtc, Ih lcttc lc vdc68, Ea

gdquc
oagtcxtui cvcgdecgtciar oc hu a`scrvhȝdd,
@yliawsmd rcdh hocstc sdtuàglu-ic
pcreds cihàrhrch çgsď çgh
iar, pcgtru
çgjďȝdȔh
çgjďȝ dȔh hstjci çgtrch
çgtrchfh
fh ldecgsdugc oidgdoď Ȕd saodhiď h hocstarh.
Eagdquc @yliawsmd cstc, hscecgch tuturar ociar ohrc hu
aptht pcgtru a oagocpȝdc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď h dgoagȔtdcgtuiud,
ug autsdlcr. Pcehroàgl prďphstdh cxdstcgtď çgtrc ecldodgď Ȕd
psdbhghidzď çg occh oc prdvcȔtc laecgdui rcpraluocrdd ueh
gc, ch Ȕd ^raj. ^hpdcedm oagvdg hsuprh gcocsdtďȝdd dgtraluocrdd
ugud psdbhghidst çg scrvdodui sďu ldg ohlrui ehtcrgdtďȝdd. Lupď
pďrcrch cd, ghȔtcrch gu trcùdc prdvdtď oh ug cvcgdecgt `daia
fdo, od ehd lcfrh`ď ‗psdbasaehtdo". Gu guehd rcpraluocrch
oarpuiud cstc depidohtď çg oagocpȝdh ugud `c`ciuȔ, od Ȕd trhgs
edtcrch psdbdoď h ugar rcprczcgtďrd dgoagȔtdcgtc ldg phrtch
pďrdgȝdiar. Cedic ^hpdcedm gu d-h oagtcstht hochstď hàrlhrc
h ghȔtcrdd. _ď gu udtďe oď ci cstc, hiďturd lc Pcgä Jrylehg Ȕd
lc Khoqucs \csthrt, ugui ldgtrc jaglhtardd tcbgdodd jcouglďrdd
dg vdtra çgJrhgȝh. Ecldodgh gahstrď çd lhtarchzď prdeh ghȔtc
rc, çg 8420, pc tcrdtardui jrhgocz, h ugud `c`c-cpru`ctď, ocic
`rh jctdȝď pc guec Hehgldgc. HȔhlhr, Eagdquc @yliawsmd
h jast ugui ldgtrc prdedd psdbhghidȔtd - lc htugod çgoahoc gu
eďrui iar h orcsout - ohrc hu iuorht çg ehtcrgdthtc. H çgocput
ih ehtcrgdthtch Hgtadgc-@äoiârc ldg Oihehrt, ureàglu-8 hpad
pc ^hpdcedm ih ehtcrgdthtch ârt-Payhi ldg ^hrds.
Lcecrsui cd cstc dgcldt çg euitc prdvdgȝc. ûȝdgd psdbhgh
idȔtd hoocptď sď iuorczc oh ch, çg stràgsď oaihàrhrc ou a cobd
pď lc a`stctrdodcgd jarehtď ldg ecldod, eahȔc Ȕd dgjdredcrc,
çg hstjci lc oagldȝdd, psdbhghidstui - sordc ch - sc oagjrugtď
ou ‗cvcgdecgtc oc sc pctrco obdhr htugod, çg iao sď jdc lahr
60 Eagdquc @yliawsmd, Ih lcttc lc vdc (‗Lhtardh lc vdhȝď"), ^SJ, 8446. (g.h.)
2?

ehrtarui ugar rcihtďrd, lc ih ldsthgȝď6?". Eagdquc @yliawsmd
rdldoď gdȔtc scegc lc çgtrc`hrc icfhtc lc trhgsedtcrch vdcȝdd
psdbdoc Ȕd lc oapdiui eart, praìcec oc rďeàg hlcsch hsougsc
çg prhotdoh lcsjďȔurhtď çgtr-ug oh`dgct a`dȔgudt. Pdsoui ih ohrc
sugtce cxpuȔd, hjdreď ch, cstc lc h gc sdeȝd ‗pcrtur`hȝd çg rc
pcrcic gahstrc tcarctdoc oihsdoc6<".
Ocroctďtarui lc ih Dgscre h lcsoapcrdt hocst jcgaecg lc rc-
pctdȝdc-oaecearhrc ehd çgtàd çg ugcic ohzurd lc ‗shrodgď sur
vcgdtď lupď ug hgtcoclcgt a`stctrdo scvcr, oue hr jd eahrtch
gcaghthiď". Lhr, hlhufď ch, ‗he oaeugdoht hpad a`scrvhȝddic
- -
gahstrc
cxpcrdcgȝcd oaicfd s-h
ugarhocstarh, fdgcoaiafd-a`stctrdodcgd, gu crh Ȕd,
lavcldt oď jcgaecguieahȔc frhȝdc
rczcrvht
lahr shrodgdiar ldjdodic ]...U. Ohiouiui dgoagȔtdcgt hi lhtcd prcvď
zutc pcgtru ghȔtcrc hvch ug ohrhotcr ehd fcgcrhi. Dg pius, s-h
a`scrvht oď çgsďȔd lhth oagocpcrdd putch jd, lc hscecgch, scegd
jdohtdvď. Jahrtc ouràgl, dgjarehȝddic ouicsc hu oagjdreht cxdstcg
ȝh h guecrahsc hstjci lc ohzurd, jrcovcgȝh ehrc h jcgaecguiud
jďoàgl oh sdepih oadgodlcgȝď sď jdc jahrtc depra`h`diď63".
\rhueh trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď
HȔhlhr, dgoagȔtdcgtui jhoc ohiouic. Lhr oue praoclchzď ci

ahrc1
‗Cstc var`h lcsprc a apcrhȝdc dgvaiugthrď lc hlughrc shu
lc soďlcrc. Dg ardoc ohz, gc rcjcrde ih a apcrhȝdc sdepiď, oc
vdzchzď a pcrdahlď jdxhtď lc `daiafdc; ocic <> lc sďptďeàgd Ȕd
kueďthtc hic fcsthȝdcd (02> lc zdic) ldg dgtcrdarui ugud rďstdep
idedtht; ocic ?:3 lc zdic hic hguiud, pcrdahlď ohrc sc rcpctď od
oido çg ohicglhr; zdic, iugd, sďptďeàgd, hgatdepurd6:." Hstjci,
6? Eagdquc @yliawsmd, ap. odt., p. 82. (g.h.)

6< D`dl., p. :8. (g.h.)
63 D`dl., p. 880= suìdgdcrch çed hphrȝdgc, (g.h.)
6: D`dl., p. 88?. (g.h.)
2<
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
lgh @. ‗h hvut lauď jddoc gďsoutc eahrtc, ih 00 Ȕd 0? aotae`rdc,
ih ldjcrcgȝď lc lad hgd. Ih phtruzcod Ȕd lad lc hgd, survdgc a
gauď shrodgď, gcprafrhehtď, hi oďrcd tcrecg cstc, çgoď a lhtď,
0> aotae`rdc. Jcecdh çȔd hedgtcȔtc htugod oď eheh cd h jast
çepuȔohtď ih phtruzcod Ȕd lad lc hgd, pc 0> aotae`rdc 84<<66".
‗Oàgl gc oagjrugtďe ou ug cȔco hi ehtcrgdtďȝdd, putce
lcsoapcrd pdstcic ohrc çd lhu scgs", e-h hsdfurht Eagdquc
@yliawsmd, ou prdickui çgtàigdrdd gahstrc ldg 8440. ‗Ldg pugot
lc vclcrc tcrhpcutdo, cstc jahrtc departhgt oh a jcecdc ohrc
pdcrlc ug oapdi çg tdepui shrodgdd sď jdc hkuthtď sď lch ug scgs
hhocstud
dstardcdcvcgdecgt. \rcùdc
shic, pcgtru sď rchidzczc
hkuthtďiaoui
h lcsoapcrd rcoagstruoȝdc
pc ohrc çiaaouph shrodgh
rcspcotdvď shu oapdiui çg fcgchiafdh jhedidhiď. Lc hitjci, laidui
gu cstc çgobcdht lcoàt htugod oàgl pdcrlcrch ugud oapdi ohpďtď
ug scgs. Dhr scgsui hrc çgtatlchugh icfďturď ou dstardh jhedid
hiď... Oagsthtďe, çg ocic ldg ureď, oď hluiȝdd sugt hgdehȝd lc
hedgtdrd ohrc, hlcsch, gu ic hphrȝdg62."
Eagdquc @yliawsmd ed-h rcihtht htugod pavcstch iud Gd-
oaic. Dg ohrtch cd, hocst ohz ehrobchzď çgocputui ugcd rcjicoȝdd
rcjcrdtahrc ih vhiahrch tcrhpcutdoď h oaihàrďrdd çgtrc ecldo Ȕd
psdbhghidst çg ehtcrgdthtc.
‗He hvut a phodcgtď ohrc h pdcrlut suoocsdv trcd oapdd, lc
jdcohrc lhtď htugod oàgl shrodgh hkugscsc hprahpc ih tcrecg.
_hrodgh sc aprch `ru
`ruso
so ih Ȕhptc-apt iugd. Ed-h jast çgorcldgȝhtď
çg pcrdahlh ocicd lc-h phtrh shrodgd. Oàgl h hjiht oď crh var`h
ldg gau lcsprc ug `ďdht, h trďdt ug eaecgt tcrd`di= h çgocput
sď hd`ď oagtrhoȝdd utcrdgc, rdsoàgl sď ghsoď ih jci oh çg ohzurd
ic prcoclcgtc.
zdigdo. çg pcrdahlh
Ȓd, çg hochstď cjcrvcsocgȝď a vclche
hocch,psdbdoď htugod
icfhtď hprahpc
lc jrdoh lc h
pdcrlc Ȕd hi phtruich oapdi, d-h hpďrut `ruso çg edgtc a hedg
tdrc trhuehtdoď pc ohrc gu a pavcstdsc gdodalhtď pàgď htugod.
66 D`dl., p. 6?. (g.h.)

62 Gdgh Ohghuit, hrtdoai odtht çg Id`crhtdag, 4 lcoce`rdc 8440. (g.h.)
23
@ugdoui sďu phtcrg eurdsc lcphrtc lc ohsď, jddgl lcpartht. Jc

ecdh gu-8 ougasousc gdodalhtď lhr, çg eal rcpctht, ic lďlusc
oapddiar sďd earȝd prcguecic iud. ^rdg hocst prcguec, ch trhgs
edtch ug laidu depasd`di lc supartht pcgtru thtďi cd Ȕd, de
pidodt, pcgtru ch çgsďȔd. Dg ureh tcrhpdcd, jcecdh h rcuȔdt sď-Ȕd
hedgtchsoď çg çgtrcfdec hochstď lrheď phtcrgď Ȕd sď-Ȕd lctcr
edgc thtďi sď var`chsoď lcsprc ldsphrdȝdh praprduiud thtď, cvc
gdecgt pctrcout oàgl ci hvch lahr ladsprczcoc hgd. Hu rcuȔdt
sď pugď çg arldgc tat occh oc thtďi cd Ȕtdh lcsprc oci ldspďrut;
uglc sc gďsousc, uglc juscsc lcpartht cto."
çg Ih lcttc lc vdc, Eagdquc @yliawsmd sordc, rcjcrdtar ih
hochstď lrheď fcgchiafdoď; ‗_dgfurh ldjcrcgȝď çgtrc shrodgd
ic h trcdh Ȕd h phtrh, ureďrdtc lc hocihȔd a`stctrdodhg, h oag
stht çg dgtraluocrch ugud prataoai psdbatcrhpcutdo idgdȔtdtar.
Hochstď hàrlhrc gauď h pcreds çgȝcicfcrch jhptuiud oď laidui
ohrc pihgh çg hochstď jhedidc crh htàt ugui rcocgt, pravaoht lc
eahrtch oapdihȔdiar, oàt Ȕd ug laidu vcobd lcsprcW ohrc gdecgd
çgordpthtt çg thtďi iud G. Ȕd vcrdth`diď «jhgta
gu var`ch, laidu çgordpth
eď½ pcgtru jddoh sh, çg fcgcrhȝdh ureďtahrc. Hochstď sdtuhȝdc
cvdlcgȝdhzď dgjiucgȝh trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď h ugar cvcgdecgtc
trcoutc çg trhgsedtcrch vdcȝdd çg prczcgt64."
Jhgthseh dgoagȔtdcgtď rcspagsh`diď lc hvarturdic spagth
gc hic iud Gdoaic Ȕd lcsoapcrdtď lc Eagdquc @yliawsmd oagsth
çg ‗dlcch dgoagȔtdcgtď lc h jd çgsďrodghtď ou ug eart shu ou ug
zae`d, lcod ou a jhgtaeď, ou ùgdoui ldspďrut, pra`h`di2>".
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
çg Hác ecs hácux8..,, Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr piclchzď çg
jhvahrch hghidzcd trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic, pc ohrc a oagsdlcrď ug
64 Eagdquc @yliawsmd, ap. odt., p. 0>. (g.h.)

2> D`dl., p. 00. (g.h.)
2:
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
dgstruecgt lc iuoru dgldspcgsh`di çg Ȕtddgȝcic uehgc Ȕd oidgdoc.
^rdg dgtcrecldui hocstcd oďrȝd, ch h lczvďiudt puìdouiud jrhgocz
htàt praprddic cd stuldd, oàt Ȕd pc hocich hic ecldouiud Ȕd psdbaia
fuiud Kasäpbdgc Bdifhrl, rcjcrdtahrc ih sdglraeui hgdvcrshr.
‗_dglraeui hgdvcrshr crh lc arldgui hgcolatcd pàgď ih hph
rdȝdh stulddiar Kasäpbdgcd Bdifhrl28, ed-h lcoihrht ch, çg 843?.
Bdifhrl h hghidzht tahtc dgtcrgďrdic ldgtr-ug spdthi ldg Ohidjar
gdh pc phroursui h phtru hgd. ârgdgl lc ih hocst cgare ehtcrdhi
lc stuldu, ch h lceagstrht oď psdbazh ih hlu Dȝd sc rcpcth çg oh
lrui ugcd jhedidd ldg eheď çg jddoď, lc-h iugfui h trcd fcgcrhȝdd,
çgtr-ug eal scegdjdohtdv ldg pugot lc vclcrc sthtdstdo. Kasäpbdgc
Bdifhrl sc hsdfurhsc çg jdcohrc ldgtrc sdtuhȝdd oď lhth pdcrlcrdd
pďrdgtciud putch jd sth`didtď ou prcodzdc. Lhoď, lc cxcepiu, a jc
ecdc lc trcdzcod Ȕd odgod lc hgd, eheď h ugud oapdi lc odgod hgd,
crh dgtcrghtď, sc lcsoapcrch oď çȔd pdcrlusc ih ràglui sďu eheh
ih vàrsth lc odgod hgd, hochsth hvàgl htugod trcdzcod Ȕd odgod lc
hgd Ȕd jddgl, lc euitc ard, jahrtc àighvď shu dgtcrghtď. Cxdsth,
hȔhlhr, a «hgdvcrshrc luìď½; oapdiui lcvcgdt pďrdgtc, hkugs ih
vàrsth pďrdgtciud ldspďrut, hrc, çg hocst ohz, ug oapdi lc vàrsth
pc ohrc a hvch ci çg eaecgtui pdcrlcrdd rcspcotdvc. Zar`de lc
sprc a oaecearhrc h pdcrlcrdd prdg àhiď jdzdoď shu ecgthiď,
ohrc çd ehrobchzď (çg eal luìu, ih hocichȔd vàrstc) pc eheď
Ȕd pc oapdi Ȕd lcsocglcgȝh psdbdoď çgtrc eheď Ȕd jddoď. «Gauth
tch½, sordc Kasäpbdgc Bdifhrl, ih ohpďtui ocroctďrdiar cd ldg 8424,
«oagstď çg rcougahȔtcrch ugud sdglrae spcodjdo orcht htugod oàgl
oadgodlcgȝcic oagtcxtuhic sugt rczuithtui rctrďdrdd ugar trhuec
prcoaoc ohrc hr putch luoc ih àid ecgthic frhvc.½"
28_tulddic iud K.P. Bdifhrl vdzchzď pcrdahlh ouprdgsď çgtrc hgdd 8430 Ȕd 8424.
doaiuii cd ldg 843?, ‗Hggdvcrshry rchotdags dg phrcgts prcodpdthtcl `y obdi-
Hrtdoaiu
Hrt
lrcg", hpďrut çg rcvdsth ^syobdhtry, cstc pugotui lc picohrc hi ugcd çgtrc
çgtrcfd
fd scrdd
lc stuldd rcjcrdtahrc ih àhiď prdvdtď oh jcgaecg lc rcpcthrc trhgsfcgcrhȝda-
ghiď. (g.h.)
26

He çgtrc`ht
çgtrc`ht-a-a htugod pc Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr
oue h hjiht ch çgsďȔd lcsprc hocstc stuldd.
‗Ou vrca odgodsprczcoc hgd çg ureď, he çgocput sď iuorcz
ou àighvd lc ohgocr çg jhzď tcredghiď, lupď ectalh laota
ruiud Ohrd _deagtag20. He hvut ehrch surprdzď sď çgtàigcso,
prdgtrc hocȔtd prded phodcgȝd, a tàgďrď vcsciď ohrc luoch a vdhȝď
hfrch`diď Ȕd idgdȔtdtď, jďrď strcs cxocsdv, hiďturd lc tàgďrui cd saȝ
hjcotuas, pc -thrc çi du`ch Ȕd ch! Ar, çg ohzui cd, ohgocrui sc lc
oihgȔhsc ih trcdzcod Ȕd odgod lc hgd, hldoď cxhot ih vàrsth ih ohrc
eheh cd eurdsc lc ohgocr. Ed-he zds; «Hb, lh1 Ih hocchȔd
vàrstď1 Dh tc udtď!½ Ȓd lc hdod h çgocput ug çgtrcf praocs tcrh
pcutdo. Alhtď sth`didtď hochstď icfďturď Ȕd çgobcdht laidui lupď
eheh cd, sthrch jcecdd s-h hecidarht spcothouias Ȕd ecthsth
zcic hu ldspďrut. Lupď hocch, he çgocroht çg eal sdstcehtdo
sď lcsoapďr lhoď çg dstardh jhedidhiď h jdcoďrud àighv lc ohrc
eď aouphe gu cxdsth ouevh vrca rcpctdȝdc Ȕhu a «iadhidthtc
jhedidhiď dgvdzd`diď½. çeprueu
çeprueutt hocst tcrecg ldg tcrhpdh jh-
edidhiď
ug oagtcxtuhiď, a tcardc pc ohrc Dvhg @aszarecgyd-Ghfy2?,
psdbhghidst ardfdgc ehfbdhrď, h jaglht-a çg _SH. â
lc
trdvdt hocstcdh, gu cxdstď jhedidc jďrď a tcecidc su`dhocgtď lc
saidlhrdthtc Ȕd lc iadhidthtc dgtrdgscod Ȕd ardfdghrc, ohrc prcoclc
ghȔtcrch oapddiar. çg hochstď tcardc, ldecgsdugch trhgsfcgcrh-
ȝdaghiď h icfďturdiar jhedidhic aoupď, hȔhlhr, ug iao ocgtrhi. ^c
sourt, iadhidthtch jhedidhiď rcprczdgtď dlcgtdjdohrch dgoagȔtdcg
tď ou a pcrsahgď obcdc ldg jhedidc; eheď shu ùgdoď, eďtuȔď
pratcotahrc shu ghȔď. He lcsoapcrdt hlcscard hochstď iadhidth
àighvddd lc ohgocr! Hocch h jast pcrdahlh çg ohrc e-he
tc ih àighvd
20 Lr. Ohrd _deagtag, _täpbhgdc Ehttbcws _deagtag, Khecs Orcdfbtag, Fuärdr

cgvcrs ct oagtrc taut, Cpd, 8420. (g.h.)
2? Ldg pďohtc, oďrȝdic iud gu sugt trhlusc çg ide`h jrhgoczď. Oj. gr. 88>,888,883
Ȕd 803 hic rcvdstcd Ldhiafuc ohrc h oagshorht eugodd iud hrtdoaic strďiuodtc. Oj.,
lc hscecgch, Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr, Hác ecs hácux!, ap. odt., p. <> Ȕd
ureďtahrcic, (g.h.)
22
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
dgtcrcsht lc sdglraeui hgdvcrshr. Oàgl ohuȝd, oàtcalhtď fďscȔtd

Ȕd, çg 8448, çg tdepui ugcd ldsouȝdd ou Pupcrt _bcilrhmc, he
lcsoapcrdt stulddic Kasäpbdgcd Bdifhrl ohrc, ldg pďohtc, lcoc
lhsc lc ouràgl. Alhtď oc s-h sth`didt oď rcpctdȝdh cstc scegdjd
ohtdvď ldg pugot lc vclcrc sthtdstdo çg ohzui psdbazcd hluitc,
ch trcùdc oďuthtď Ȕd çg ohlrui hitar phtaiafdd, jddgl gcocshrď
cjcotuhrch hociarhȔd stuldd, çg spcodhi pcgtru ohgocr.
ûtce spugc hstďzd oď, ih 03% ldgtrc àighvdd lc ohgocr, àh
ih s-h
rc rcpctdȝdcdçgtrhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic.
Ȕd hilcoihgȔht oagtcxtui ugcd jrhfdidtďȝd
Bdifhrl icfhtc lc a hgdvcrsh
h hrďtht oď, alhtď
lczvďiudtď icfďturh hjcotdvď hjihtď ih ardfdgch rcpctďrdd àidd, `c
gcjdoddic tcrhpcutdoc sugt cvdlcgtc, jdc oď c var`h lcsprc hec
idarhrc shu lc vdglcohrc. Cu çgsďed he hsdstht, çg ohzui ugar
àighvd ou ohrc iuorhe, ih rcfrcsdh ohgocruiud çg jhzď tcredghiď
pàgď ih vdglcohrch tathiď. \aoehd lc hocch ed s-h pďrut depar
thgt sď ic prczdgt sdglraeui hgdvcrshr ecldodiar lc jhedidc, obd
rurfdiar, agoaiafdiar, psdbatcrhpcuȝdiar Ȕd hsdstcgȝdiar saodhid2<.
Cu jaiascso çg scgs euit ehd ihrf tcrecgui lc sdglrae
hgdvcrshr pcgtru oď he vďzut, jrcovcgt, ldvcrsc ohzurd lc rc
pcthrc h ugar hoodlcgtc, hvarturd spagthgc, lcocsc, àhiď, shr
odgď... ih hocchȔd vàrstď, Ȕd ehd ou scheď ih hocchȔd lhtď, lc-h
iugfui h lauď, trcd, odgod, apt fcgcrhȝdd, lhtàgl lc hprahpc
lauď sutc lc hgd çg dstardh jhedidhiď, ldg pcrdahlh Pcvaiuȝd
cd jrhgoczc Ȕd obdhr ehd lc lceuit!", oagobdlc Hggc Hgocidg
_obùtzcg`crfcr.
_dglrae hgdvcrshr Ȕd prcvcgȝdc ecldohiď
Sgdd ecldod s-hu çgtrc`h

çgtrc`htt oue pat utdidzh çg eal prajdihotdo
sdglraeui hgdvcrshr. Oue pat cvdth, lc cxcepiu, cvcgtuhicic
2<Oj. Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg`crfcr, Zauiadr fuärdr, Lcsläc lc @rauwcr, 8443.

(g.h.)
24
cjcotc gcjhstc pralusc lc ug trhthecgt shu lc a dgtcrvcgȝdc

hsuprh ugud phodcgt, oàgl, çg prdgodpdu, hocstch sugt saoatdtc
oh jddglu-d rcoaehglhtc1
^rajcsarui Fbdsihdg Lcvraclc h lcvcgdt scgsd`di ih praìc
eh sdglraeuiud hgdvcrshr lhtardtď iud Hggc Hgocidg _obùtzcg
`crfcr. ^c lc hitď phrtc, Fbdsihdg Lcvraclc cstc ug obdrurf
ohrc h çgvďȝh
çgvďȝhtt lc ih àighvdd sďd vhiahrch tcrhpcutdoď h h`ȝd
gcrdd. Ci gu apcrchzď çg eal aìdfhtardu. OugahȔtc gcùgdh
dgfcgdahsď23 (hutaeutdiďrdic jddgl lahr ug cxcepiu) lc ohrc
lhu lavhlď ugdd ldgtrc cd pcgtru h a`ȝdgc a dgtcrvcgȝdc obd
rurfdohiď hsuprh praprduiud oarp. ‗Gu ehd apcrcz lcoàt lupď
oc e-he hsdfurht oď àighvui cstc `dgc dgjareht çg prdvdgȝh h
lauď iuorurd", çed eďrturdscȔtc ci çg tdepui ugcd çgtàigdrd oc
h hvut iao ih ^hrds. ‗^c lc a phrtc, àighvui trcùdc sď jdc oag
Ȕtdcgt oď dgtcrvcgȝdh obdrurfdohiď depidoď a oaapcrhrc stràgsď
çgtrc ecldo Ȕd phodcgt. çg iao sď jdc phsdv, hocsth ldg ureď trc
ùdc sď-Ȕd ea`didzczc çgtrchfh cgcrfdc pcgtru oh dgtcrvcgȝdh
sď lcourfď `dgc. ^c lc hitď phrtc, ci trcùdc sď Ȕtdc oď aeui
gu sc çeàigďvcȔtc «ldg çgtàepihrc½. çg occh oc prdvcȔtc àh 
ih, ealciui oagtceparhg oci ehd sajdstdoht pc ohrc çi ougaso
cstc oci prczcgtht lc psdbdhtrui hecrdohg Fcarfc Cgfci. Ci de
pidoď trcd pihgurd hic rchidtďȝdd; `daiafdo, psdbaiafdo Ȕd saodhi.
^c iàgfď cicecgtcic oraeazaedoc crcldthrc, sc hlhufď Ȕd ug
trcout psdbaiafdo Ȕd ceaȝdaghi, ehd euit shu ehd puȝdg `dgc
supartht,
Ȕd ug eclduug ehd
oagtcxt
euithjcotdv ehd
shu ehd euitpaiuht.
puȝdg shu ehd puȝdgug
çg pius, `cgcjdo
dgld
vdl àigh
àighvv pahtc prded ug sprdkdg ldg phrtch hgturhkuiud sďu,
lc ohrc gu hr jd `cgcjdodht lhoď gu s-hr jd çeàigďvdt. Dhr hocst
jhpt çi çepdcldoď sď sc vdglcoc. Lupď dgtcrvcgȝdh obdrurfdohiď,
23^raj. Fbdsihdg Lcvraclc, Ic oarps ququdd ordc scs ehux (‗Oarpui çȔd strdfď gcga -
raodrch"), çg cxpugcrdic ldg ohlrui oaiaovduiud lc ih Eagträhi, hvàgl lrcpt tceď
‗praocsui lc vdglcohrc; ldgoaia lc sujcrdgȝď Ȕd lc eahrtc", Cl. EGB, Xuä`co,
8443. (g.h.)
4>
_dglraeui
_dglraeui hgdvcrshr
putce çgocpc sď oďutďe cicecgtcic lcoihgȔhtahrc hic àidd,
çg ehkardthtch ohzurdiar, gu lcsoapcrde cxdstcgȝh ugar jhotard
lc rdso jdzdod ih àighv, oue hr jd paidpazď çg jhedidc, çg oh
zui ugud phodcgt ou ohgocr lc oaiag. Obdrurfui pahtc jd, ehd
lcfrh`ď lcoàt ug tcbgdodhg, ug çgsaȝdtar hi àighvuiud largdo
sď cxpiarczc ehd çg prajugzdec tahtc cicecgtcic psdbasaodhic
oagstdtutdvc hic pavcȔtdd iud lc vdhȝď, dgoiuzàgl, `dgcçgȝcics, cic
ecgtcic trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic."
çg laecgdui a`stctrdodd, ‗ohiouiui lhtcd lc ghȔtcrc pahtc
jd, pcgtru fdgcoaiaf, ug cicecgt lc suprhvcfbcrc h jcecdiar
ohrc hu hgtcoclcgtc a`stätrdohic", suìdgdhzď, ih ràglui sďu,
lr. @yliawsmd. ‗çg oursui ldsouȝddiar ldg pcrdahlh prcghthiď,
oďutďe çeprcug
çeprcugďď ou phodcgth lhth prcoagdzhtď pcgtru ghȔtc
rc. Lhoď lhth rcspcotdvď cvaoď a trhfcldc a`stctrdohiď prcoc
lcgtď, putce çgocroh sď prcvcgde tcgldgȝh cd lc rcpcthrc2:."
^rcvcgȝdh çg occh oc prdvcȔtc lhth ih ohrc urechzď sď hd`ď
iao ghȔtcrch oaepartď çgsď Ȕd ug rdso. ‗Lhth çg sdgc cstc och
scegdjdohtdvď", hedgtcȔtc ocroctďtarui lc ih Dgscre. \aoehd
lc hocch, a lcoihgȔhrc h ghȔtcrdd prdg ectalc ecldohic pah
tc luoc ih çgrcfdstrh
çgrcfdstrhrch
rch ugcd hitc lhtc ih sthrch odvdiď. Hstjci,
lhth scegdjdohtdvď rďeàgc udthtď lcjdgdtdv çg lashrui fdgcoa
iafuiud26!" HȔhlhr, prajdihxdh dgjiucgȝchzď ug jhpt hic oďrud
oagscodgȝc pc tcrecg iugf gu pat jd gchpďrht eďsurhtc. Ch
hjcotchzď trhgsedtcrdic psdbdoc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic, lhr pahtc,
lc hscecgch, sď Ȕtchrfď urecic hocstarh. ‗^ďrdgȝdd ohrc lhu
vdhȝď sugt cd çgȔdȔd purtďtard hd ugar rcprczcgtďrd, hd ugar soc
ghrdd ehd euit shu ehd puȝdg oagȔtdcgtc, hd ugar heprcgtc ou
a hguedtď scegdjdohȝdc, vcgdtc ldg dstardh iar Ȕd, çgtr-a ehgdcrď
trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď, ldg hocch h strďeaȔdiar. Hocstc heprcgtc
var jd trhgsedsc çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt, çg hocihȔd tdep ou vdhȝh
ê Eagdquc @yliawsmd, ap. odt., p. 883. (g.h.)

26 D`dl., p. 883. (g.h.)
48
`daiafdoď. \crecgui lc heprcgtď scegdjdohgtď trcùdc oag

sdlcrht çg scgsui iud decldht. Cstc var`h lcsprc ardoc sceg
rcpcrh`di, icfht lc ug scgs hsougs Ȕd hvàgl a scegdjdohȝdc çg
fraphtď çg eceardh su`dcotuiud22." ^rdg ealdjdohrch lhtcd lc
ghȔtcrc h oapdiuiud, sc pdcrlc, pcgtru fcgcrhȝdh vddtahrc, sce
gdjdohȝdh trhgsedsď prdg dgtcrecldui cd. Ȓd hochsth pcgtru oď
sdglraeui hgdvcrshr ehrobchzď trhgsedtcrch ugar rcprczcg
tďrd dgoagȔtdcgtc, cvaohtc prdg prdseh lhtcd rcspcotdvc. Occh
oc sparcȔtc ldjdouithtch fcgcrhȝddiar ureďtahrc lc h hooclc ih
eceardh fcgcrhȝddiar hgtcrdahrc, çg iao sď pcredtď rcougahȔ
tcrch hocstcdh.
22 D`dl., p. :2. (g.h.)
40
3
Oapdiui Ȕd scorctui iud
^sdbhghidzh oapddiar h iuht ghȔtcrc çg Jrhgȝh lhtardtď iud

Jrhgæadsc Laita. Gdecgd, çghdgtch cd, gu cvdlcgȝdhsc ou htàth
tcecdgdodc Ȕd cjdohodthtc jhptui oď ug oapdi vclc Ȕd trďdcȔtc iu
orurdic ou tatui hitjci lcoàt ug hluit. ‗Jrhgæadsc Laita Ȕtdh, ldg
cxpcrdcgȝh pcrsaghiď, oď ug oapdi pahtc hkugfc ih a ldspcrhrc
prajuglď
out-a ldg ohuzh
çg prdvdgȝh ugcd diuzdd,
rchidtďȝdd, h ugcd dlcd
h pďrdgȝdiar iud, jhisc pc ohrc Ȕd-h
h du`drdd jď
Laita
gc-h çgvďȝht ug iuoru; oď ug oapdi hrc gcvadc lc hlcvďr pcgtru
h trďd. ]...U Ch gu sc euiȝuech lahr sď rcphrc prckuldoddic, od
vadh sď ic Ȕd prcvdgď, sď-d hkutc pc oapdd sď orchsoď24", sordc kur
ghidsth Ohtbcrdgc Lhvdl çgtr-ug lashr hi rcvdstcd Ic Gauvci A`-
scrvhtcur oagshorht ocic`rcd psdbhghidstc. _ďptďeàghiui h vrut
sď jhoď `dihgȝui oagtrdùȝdcd shic prhotdoc, oatdldcgc, lhr Ȕd h
ocicd pc pihg saodhi.
Pcodtdgl hocst lashr, oagstht oď Laita h jast çgȝcichsď lahr
pc kueďthtc. LcȔd d s-h rcougasout ecrdtui lc h Ȕtd sď hoarlc
çgfrdkdrd
çgfrd kdrd oapddiar frhv hjcothȝd sujictcȔtc Ȕd h`didthtch hprahpc
ehfdoď shu, çg ardoc ohz, dgcxpidoh`diď, d s-h rcpraȔht, lc hsc
ecgch, oď vrch sď-d hsdediczc pc cluohtard, pc pďrdgȝd Ȕd pc
prajcsard ou psdbhghidȔtdd. ‗Oc hr çgscegh a paidtdoď lc prc
vcgdrc h gcvrazciar ohrc hr jhoc oh psdbaiafdh och frcu lc
çgfbdȝdt
çgfb dȝdt sď dgvhlczc tatui, ohsh, Ȕoahih, th`crcic, ocgtrcic lc
24 Ic Gauvci A`scrvhtcur, ‗Jhut-di `rýicr Laita1", ?-4 scptce`rdc 8440. (g.h.)
4?

ardcgthrc1" sc çgtrch`ď Ohtbcrdgc Lhvdl. ‗Ȓoahih cstc ug iao
lc dgstrudrc shu ug ocgtru lc vhoodghrc psdbdoď1 Gu trcùdc
ahrc sď sc jhoď a ldstdgoȝdc h raiurdiar, hstjci çgoàt oapddd sď sc
rcougahsoď çg cic1"
Ehrch gcçgȝcicfcrc ldgtrc Laita Ȕd a phrtc h prcscd jrhgoc
zc phrc sď oagstch, hȔhlhr, çg dgtcrprcthrch frcȔdtď h a`dcotdvc
iar shic, oàt sc pahtc lc saodhic Ȕd lc paidtdoc; dgsthihrch ugcd
prcvcgȝdd saidlc h gcvrazciar Ȕd h hitar tuiùrďrd ecgthic hic
oapdiuiud. ^cgtru ch, hlcvďrhth cluohȝdc h ugud oapdi sc rczu
eh ih prajdihxdc. Lhr oue çgȝcicfch Jrhgæadsc Laita sď pugď
çg prhotdoď hochstď prcvcgȝdc1 Orcàgl Ohsc vcrzd4>. H jaglht-a
pc prdeh çg 8464. Cstc var`h lcsprc a struoturď lc prdedrc, ug
iao lc çgtàigd
çgtàigdrc
rc pcgtru pďrdgȝd Ȕd oapddd hocstarh ehd edod lc
trcd hgd, hvàgl ug rai euitdpiu.
‗Cstc, çg prdeui ràgl, ug sphȝdu pcgtru saodhidzhrch prc
oaoc", çed cxpidoď Vdiiy @hrrhd, psdbhghidst jareht lc Laita.
‗^ďrdgȝdd sugt hkuthȝd sď lcsoapcrc ohphodthtch oapdiuiud lc h jd
çgȝďroht. Hluiȝdd sc rcihxchzď Ȕd var`cso çgtrc cd, çg tdep oc oa
pddd sc kahoď. ^crsaghiui vcfbchzď ih sdfurhgȝh iar. Gcehdjddgl
suprhvcfbchȝd lc pďrdgȝd, ocd edod pat hoȝdagh Ȕd cxpiarh çg lc
pidgď id`crthtc ug sphȝdu ehroht, tatuȔd, ou sceghidzďrd (pdstď
lc `dodoictď) Ȕd dgtcrldoȝdd (gu sc pdotchzď jďrď Ȕarȝ).
Ohscic vcrzd sugt çgsď Ȕd iaourd lc prcvcgȝdc h tuiùrďrd
iar psdbasaehtdoc dgjhgtdic. ^rdg tuiùrďrd psdbasaehtdoc çgȝ çgȝcc
icfce tahtc jarecic lc tuiùrďrd oarparhic ohrc çi hjcotchzď
pc oapdi htugod oàgl hocsth trďdcȔtc ug oagjidot çgtrc hspdrh
`hrdcrcicc pc ohrc pďrdgȝdd d
ȝddic iud, lardgȝh iud lc h orcȔtc Ȕd `hrdcrci
ic pug çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt. LcȔd Ohsh vcrlc gu cstc ug iao lc
oagsuithȝdc, hdod sugt prczcgȝd Ȕd pat jd oagsuithȝd çg ardoc ea
ecgt psdbhghidȔtd prcfďtdȝd sď a`scrvc cxprcsdvdthtch oarparh
iď h oapdiuiud."
4>çg i`. jrhgoczď; Ehdsags vcrtcs (g.tr.)
4<
Jrhgæadsc Laita gu ȝdgch sď-d çgraicz
çgraiczcc pc cluohtard Ȕd pď
rdgȝd çg `hthidahgcic ohuzcd jrculdcgc. Ch vadh lahr sď-d jhoď
sď çgȝcichfď hocst hlcvďr frcu lc hleds; tuiùrďrdic oapddiar
gu hu hitď ardfdgc lcoàt lhtarddic (dgoagȔtdcgtc) la`àgldtc lc
pďrdgȝd lc ih fcgcrhȝddic hgtcrdahrc. Ch vadh sď-i ‗vhoodgczc pc
oapdi çepatr
çep atrdvd
dvd àidd ehecd shu h thtďiud 4—".
‗Jrhgæadsc Laita ougaȔtch dgtudtdv departhgȝh trhgsfcgc-
rhȝdaghiuiud çg tuiùrďrdic dgjhgtdic Ȕd, htugod oàgl trhth ug oa
pdi, gu udth gdodalhtď oď tcrhpdh pc ohrc oci edo a ureh hvch
sď-d pcredtď, ehd tàrzdu, sď-Ȕd hsuec lcsocglcgȝh", çed lcs-
tďdgudc Ldldcr Luehs, ohrc crh jahrtc icfht lc psdbhghidsth hs
tďzd ldspďrutď. ‗HȔh cxpidoh ch ldjcrcgȝh çgtrc psdbhghidzď Ȕd
ocicihitc jarec lc tcrhpdc h oapdiuiud. Ȓtdh oď htugod oàgl ug
oapdi
Ȕd ehdehd edo oàgl
tàrzdu, lc trcdoapdiui
hgd jhoc tcrhpdc,
lcvcgdt jhpt praluoc
hocsthkugfc,
hluit cjcotc
ih ràglui iud,
pďrdgtc. Lc uglc Ȕd dlcch lc prcvcgdrc h tuiùrďrdiar ecgthic
ih oapdi Ȕd orchrch Ohsciar vcrzd, h oďrar departhgȝď gu phrc h
jd çgoď sujdodcgt lc `dgc çgȝcichsď. Lhoď vrce sď çgjrugtď
çgjrugtďe
e çg
eal scrdas lcidgovcgȝh ohrc laegcȔtc çg suùr`dd, trcùdc sď
çgocpce prdg h depihgth hoaia Ohsc vcrzd çg ohrc taȝd tdgcrdd
ldg ohrtdcr sď jdc stdeuihȝd sď iuorczc."
ârgdgl lc ih lcscgcic Ȕd ealcihkcic oapddiar pc ohrc çd trh
th, Jrhgæadsc Laita h hoȝdaght oh ug hlcvďrht lcsobdzďtar lc
lrueurd, strďpugfàgl hphrcgȝcic pcgtru h pcgctrh çg iuech
hocstarh. Ch h dgdȝdht ehd euitc fcgcrhȝdd lc psdbhghidȔtd çg od
tdrch, çgȝcicfcrch Ȕd dgtcrprcthrch lcscgciar oapdiuiud. D-h çgvď
ȝht sď ic var`chsoď `c`ciuȔd
`c`ciuȔdiar
iar Ȕd h jast prdeh ohrc h hjdreht oď,
pcgtru h çgȝcicfc sdeptaecic ugud oapdi, trcùdc ȝdgut oagt lc
occh oc d s-h trhgseds ih gdvci ecgthi ldg sàgui jhedidcd lc-h
iugfui h trcd fcgcrhȝdd. Hr jd pďoht pcgtru ouiturh gahstrď sď
rcluoce oagtrdùȝdh cd ih a ‗pclhfafdc earhidzhtahrc", oďod
48 Jrhgæadsc Laita, Ih ohusc lcs cgjhgts, Pa`crt Ihjjagt, 8423. (g.h.)
43
hrth pc ohrc h lczvaitht-a pc tat phroursui ohrdcrcd cstc, çg prd
eui ràgl, hocch h a`scrvhȝdcd.
çg ohlrui oagsuithȝddiar pc ohrc ic ajcrch ih _pdthiui \raus
schu, Jrhgæadsc Laita çd prdech pc oapdd jďrď sď-d kulcoc. Ic
a`scrvh ealui lc h hoȝdagh, rcgugȝàgl ih tahtc prckulcoďȝd
ic pc ohrc ic depidoď tcardh. Laita gu sc euiȝuech sď hsoui
tc, od iuorh Ȕd ou aobdd. A`scrvh, çgocroàgl sď çgȝcichfď ealui
çg ohrc ‗spuscic" ugud oapdihȔ sugt cxprdehtc lc oarpui iud,
çg fcsturd, cxprcsdd, hoȝdugd, Ȕd gu prdg ouvdgtc. Cstc occh oc h
lczvaitht çglciugf prdg dgtcrecldui oagocptuiud lc dehfdgc
dgoagȔtdcgtď h oarpuiud.
Hochstď jcecdc lcasc`dtď h jareht a gauď fcgcrhȝdc lc psd
bhghidȔtd ohrc Ȕtdu sď sc çgorchlď çg ehgdjcstďrdic scgzardhic,
ceaȝdaghic Ȕd jhgthsehtdoc hic praprduiud iar oarp, sď hsouitc,
sď a`scrvc, sď-Ȕd jaiaschsoď aobdd Ȕd sď-Ȕd ecgȝdgď trczc tah
tc sdeȝurdic pcgtru h ohpth occh oc sc pctrcoc çg sphȝdui rcih
ȝdaghi ldg tdepui Ȕcldgȝcd, çgtrc cd, oapdi Ȕd pďrdgȝdd hocstudh,
‗çg tdgcrcȝc, ehkardthtch psdbhghidȔtdiar hu iuorht lad shu trcd
hgd çgtr-ug ocgtru psdba-pclhfafdo uglc s-hu aoupht lc oapdd,
hlhufď Ldldcr Luehs. Lhr iuorui ou oapdd gu crh gdodlcoue
phsdugch iar. ^cgtru oď, lhoď hr jd jast hȔh, hr jd rďehs psdbh
ghidȔtd lc oapdd. Occh oc sc çgtàepiď rhr çg prajcsdh gahstrď."
Vdiiy @hrrhi cstc ugui ldgtrc hocȔtdh. ‗Cxtdgzàgl oàepui
lc dgtcrvcgȝdc hi psdbhghidstuiud hsuprh ociar edod, çed spugc
ci, Jrhgæadsc Laita h ajcrdt tcrhpcuȝdiar dgstruecgtc pcgtru h
çgȝcicfc oapdiui iďugtrdo ohrc oagtdguď sď sujcrc çg phodcgȝdd
sďd hluiȝd Ȕd pcgtru h-8 putch hghidzh. Ȓd oue hocst oapdi sc hjiď
çg ocgtrui praìcehtdodd jhedidhic çg ohrc s-h çgtrupht, ci cstc
oci ih gdvciui oďrudh sc ecgȝdgc vdc icfďturh ou strďeaȔdd Ȕd ou
scorctcic, occh oc jhoc oh, çg ohlrui tcrhpdcd, trhgsfcgcrhȝdagh-
iui sď jdc lc arldgui ugcd «cvdlcgȝc sdeàidoc½."
^c Vdiiy @hrrhi i-he çgtà igdt pcgtru prdeh ahrď çg 844?, ou
çgtàigdt
aohzdh ugud pràgz Dh ohrc phrtdodphu prajcsdagdȔtd çg laecgdu.
4:

Hvche çg jhȝh ech ug `ďr`ht kavdhi,kavdh i, çgzcst
çgzcstrht
rht ou a dgcpudzh
`diď ourdazdthtc jhȝď lc ahecgd Ȕd lc iuorurd. \atui çd rcȝdgch
htcgȝdh, tatui çi dgtcrcsh; idtcrhturh, fhstragaedh, lrhfastch, tc
rhpddic hghidtdoc Ȕd gchghidtdoc, Ȕtddgȝh Ȕd edstdoh, jdiasajdh Ȕd tc
aiafdh,
ou hrth Ȕdhocch
hlcvďrht, tcbgdoh. A sdgfurď
çg siuk`h oďrcdh ohuzď pďrch
çȔd pugch çgsď sď-i
ldvcrscic hgdec
dgtcrcsc;
ohuzh oapddiar. Ocic lauď tcrhpdd pc ohrc ic-h ureht ci çgsuȔd,
ugh ou ug psdbhghidst kugfdhg Ȕd ochihitď ou Jrhgæadsc Laita,
çeprcugď ou ohrc h iuorht uitcrdar hgd lc hgd lc zdic hsuprh
oidgdodd oapddiar, hu iďsht çg ci ‗urec hlàgod". Dhr hocstch i-hu
lctcredght sď dhsď ldg tdphrc Ȕd sď sc prcaoupc lc ugdvcrsui
oapdiuiud. Aeui hocsth gcaàsdt sc aoupď lc oapdd Ȕd lc hluiȝd,
jarechzď tcrhpcuȝd pcgtru oapdd, susȝdgc orchrch Ohsciar vcrzd
çg strďdgďthtc Ȕd gu çgoctchzď sď strď`htď pihgcth pcgtru h jhoc
ougasoutď pcstc tat apcrh psdbhghidstcd Jrhgæadsc Laita.
Dg prczcgt, çg Jrhgȝh Ȕd çg strďdgďthtc, cxdstď odroh trcd sutc
lc struoturd lc tdpui ‗Ohsď vcrlc". Vdiiy @hrrhd h çgjddgȝh
çgjddgȝhtt ugh
ih Crcvhg (Hrecgdh) Ȕd oagtrdùdc ih jarehrch pcrsaghiuiud
lcstdght struoturdiar lc hocst fcg çg Pusdh, âiagdh, Khpagdh Ȕd
Zdctghe. Sgdvcrsui oapdiďrdcd çd lhtarchzď, lc hscecgch, oa
iaovdui40 ohrc, htàt prdg oagȝdgutui iud, oàt Ȕd prdg prapugcrd
ic oagorctc lcpusc pc iàgfď Oagsdidui coagaedo Ȕd saodhi, vh
rďeàgc pra`h`di ugh ldgtrc ocic ehd departhgtc ehgdjcstďrd
rcjcrdtahrc ih iaoui oapdiuiud çg ouiturh gahstrď. Oagvcgȝdh prd
vdgl lrcpturdic oapdiuiud jddgl sceghtď ih AGS, ih 0> gadce
`rdc 8424, Vdiiy @hrrhd h oagsdlcrht apartug sď rchedgtchsoď
jhptui oď ‗gu putce prctdglc oď iuptďe pcgtru «`dgcic½ Ȕd
dgtcrcsui oapdiuiud, çg iaoui iud Ȕd jďrď ci!... " Ȕd oď trcùdc, hȔh
lhr, sď sc ‗orcczc sphȝdd trhgzdȝdaghic çgtrc pďrdgȝd Ȕd oapdd ohrc
40 Hocst oaiaovdu h jast susȝdgut çgtrc 83 Ȕd 82 dhguhrdc 844> ih SGC_OA. La-

ouecgtcic oaiaovduiud sugt puìdohtc su` tdtiui Cgjhgt lc lradt; ih rävaiutdag
lcs pc
pctdt s phs, SGC_OA, 844>. Oacldȝdc Idcrrc ct Oaulrdcr-Ih Bhrpc-cgjhgt lc
tdts
lradt, (g.h.)
46

sď-d pratckczc pc hocȔtdh ldg ureď lc ohptdvdthtch dgtdeď hi oď
rcd a`dcot çi oagstdtudc".
Vdiiy @hrrhd oagsdlcrď oď trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui sc rcfďscȔtc
çg fàgldrch iud Kugf, hldoď euit çghdgtch oagtrdùȝdcd psdbh
ghidstcd Jrhgæadsc Laita. ‗âtrdvdt iud Kugf, oapdiui hr sujcrd
çg prdeui ràgl lc ug «dgoagȔtdcgt phrcgthi½, lc tat occh oc
h rďehs hsougs, lc hocic «hrdcrpihgurd scorctc½ pc ohrc hlui
tui çgoc
çgochroď
hroď sď Dc oheujiczc. Kugf var`cȔtc, lc hscecgch, lc
«oagthfdugc psdbdoď½, lc «phrtdodphrc edstdoď½ pcgtru h gued
Ȕd h cxpidoh occh oc çi ichfď pc oapdi lc dgoagȔtdcgtui phrcgthi.
Ci cvaoď obdhr ug sad lc «gcùgdc çg lad½. EaȔtcgdrch cstc dg
oagȔtdcgtď, hjdreď ci, Ȕd sc trhgsedtc ldg «fcgcrhȝdc çg fcgcrh
ȝdc½,“hscecgch «ìcstceuiud Htrdzdiar 4?½."
Ȓd oc hguec v-h çgvďȝh
çgvďȝhtt çg eal lcasc`dt Jrhgæadsc
Laita1
“ Oidgdoh psdbhghidstcd Jrhgæadsc Laita cstc cjdodcgtď pcg
tru oď sc hlrcschzď su`dcotuiud lardgȝcd. Ch oagsdlcrď ardæc jd
dgȝď uehgď lrcpt ug su`dcot ohrc hrc a lardgȝď lc cxprdeht
Ȕd ohrc gu pahtc jhoc hitjci lcoàt sď stďrudc çg h Ȕd-a cxprdeh.
‗Lupď pďrcrch ech", hjdreh ch, ‗cxdstď ug sdgfur jci lc pď
oht, pďohtui çepatrdvh praprdcd lardgȝc, gchsuehrch rdsouiud
lc h-ȝd cxpcrdecgth lardgȝh." Lardgȝh hochsth cstc ecrcu hoa
ia, dgoiusdv ih jďt. Hxdaeh çg sdgc stď ih `hzh ctdodd shic lc psdb
hghidst. Oapdiui cstc vdu pcgtru oď rcprczdgtď çgtruobdphrch h
trcd lardgȝc; ocic hic pďrdgȝdiar iud ohrc a çgtài
çgtàigcso
gcso pc hocch h
oapdiuiud largdo sď sc dgohrgczc. ‗^ďrdgȝdd vdschzď ih oapdiui
pc ohrc Ȕd-hr lard sď-8 oagochpď, eheh vdschzď ih `c`ciuȔui
pc ohrc çi pahrtď çg pàgtcoc, oapdiui vdschzď ih zduh çg ohrc vh
vclch iuedgh zdicd Ȕd, lhoď g-hr vdsh çeprcugď, vdhȝh gu hr
hpďrch pc iuec", h sords Icaghrla lh Zdgod, çgtr-a gatď ldg
ohdctcic iud lc lcscg!
4?çg edtaiafdh frchoď, ìcstceui ohrc d-h ureďrdt pc ece`rdd jhedidcd Htrdzdiar Ȕd
Htrdzdiar
ohrc s-h lhtarht gcicfdudrdiar strďeaȔuiud cd, Htrcu
Htrcu.. (g.rcl.)
42

“ Lc oc hr jd oapdiui trup Ȕd sujict pcgtru pďrdgȝdd iud, lhoď
ci hrc lckh a lardgȝď praprdc1
“ Oci edo sc pahtc çeàigďvd lc occh oc ohptchzď ldg dg
oagȔtdcgtui phrcgthi pcgtru oď, lht jddgl jhptui oď sc oagstru

dcȔtc pc sdgc hiďturd lc pďrdgȝdd sďd, ci eaȔtcgcȔtc Ȕd ocvh ldg
hotdvdtďȝdic psdbdoc hic ociar lad. Hotdvdthtch sh psdbdoď, oc oag
stď çg oagstrudrch praprdcd jddgȝc çg rcihȝdc ou thtďi Ȕd ou eheh
iud, cstc pc lcpidg prdgsď, çgoď lc ih çgocput, çg oagjidotcic dg
oagȔtdcgtc hic pďrdgȝdiar sďd. ^rdgsď, çg scgsui lc ‗oatrapdtď"
lc raehgui jhedidhi4<, ou euit çghdgtc lc pcrdahlh acldpdhgď.
Hocsth c eatdyui pcgtru ohrc oapdiui rcpctď pavcstch jhedidhiď
prdg cxprdehrch
ùrďrdic
ùrďr oarparhiď. Cstc och ldgtàd edsdugc h iud.
dic ohrc pug stďpàgdrc pc ci sugt ug eal lc cxprdehrc \ui
h oarpuiud Ȕd, prdg sdeptaeui sďu, oapdiui strdfď lupď hkutar.

Cstc occh oc eď jhoc sď rďeàg prulcgt çg prdvdgȝh hghidzcd
sdstcehtdoc h oapddiar Ȕd sď-d çglceg, ehd lcfrh`ď, pc pďrdgȝd
sď gu dfgarc praprddic ldjdouitďȝd, cic çgscic eaȔtcgdtc lc ih fc
gcrhȝdh hgtcrdahrď! Gdodalhtď gu prdecso, ih prdeh oagsuith
ȝdc, ug oapdi çgsaȝdt guehd lc eheh iud. Ocr, çg eal rcfuiht,
sď jdc prczcgȝd he`dd pďrdgȝd. Oàgl ic var`cso hocstarh, oàgl
çd obcstdagcz çg icfďturď ou oagldȝddic çg ohrc h hpďrut sdep
taeui oapdiuiud iar, oci edo cstc hoaia Ȕd çd hulc. Oapddd gaȔtrd
gc lctcredgď sď iuorďe hsuprh ugar hspcotc hic icfďturdiar pc
ohrc ic hvce ou praprddd pďrdgȝd, hspcotc pc ohrc gu ic putce
dlcgtdjdoh jďrď cd. Oapddd gc jho sď trďde eaecgtc lurcrahsc
ohrc gc stàrgcso jurdh shu, ldepatrdvď, gc pravahoď a prajug
lď lcprcsdc. Lc oc e-h hjcotht htàt lc prajugl1 gc çgtrc`ďe
htugod. Obcstdugch çg sdgc gc çepdgfc sď hghidzďe icfďturh
ou praprdui gastru pďrdgtc, pc ohrc oci edo gc-h jarȝht sď a
cxhedgďe ou htàth prajugzdec. Ȓd, ugcard, hocst jhpt pugc çg
4<Cxprcsdc jaiasdtď lc _. Jrcul, oc lcscegchzď a oagstruoȝdc jhgthsehtdoc dg-
oagȔtdcgtď h oapdiuiud, a jhgthseď çg ohrc jhedidh rchiď cstc çgia
çgiaoudtď
oudtď lc ugh
dehfdghrď, euit ehd prcstdfdahsď, (g.rcl.)
44

iuedgď occh oc h jast lurcras pcgtru gad çg pcrdahlh çg ohrc
hvche hocchȔd vàrstď pc ohrc a hrc houe oapdiui gastru.
Dhr oàgl
pcgtru çgtàepiď
sc ahrď,
prdeh hstjci,pďrdgȝdiar
ldg furh c departhgt oh oci edooapdiďrdcd
sďd pavcȔtdic sď hulď,
iar, pcgtru oď çg cic cxdstď cicecgtc ohrc çd jràgchzď cvaiuȝdh,
Ȕd hocst iuoru çi prdvcȔtc çg eal ldrcot.
“ Lcsordcȝd oapdiďrdh oh a sthrc lc hidcghrc, lc dgvhlhrc
pralusď lc raehgui jhedidhi. Oc hguec çgschegď hsth çg
eal oagorct1
“ çgscheg
çgschegďď oď ug oapdi gu pahtc hooclc ih praprdh fàgld
rc, gu pahtc spugc ‗Cu" htàt tdep oàt hrc oagvdgfcrch dgtdeď
oď pďrdgȝdd iud Ȕtdu tatui. ^cgtru oď ci sc hjiď çgtr- ug rhpart lc
çgtr-ug
trhgsphrcgȝď çg ohrc cstc gcfht çg ohidthtc lc jddgȝď ldstdgotď,
çg ohidthtc lc su`dcot. Lc jhpt, Lcsohrtcs h udtht sď gc spugď
oue hooclch aeui ih fàgldrc Ȕd hochsth cstc praìceh ih ohrc
Jrcul h vrut sď rďspuglď. Ci susȝdgc oď, ldg ohuzh ocicd ldg
tàd edgodugd h pďrdgȝdiar, oapdiui lcsoapcrď lrcptui ih scorct.
Oapdiui hrc gcvadc sď lcsoapcrc gcputdgȝh pďrdgtciud sďu lc h
Ȕtd tatui, pcgtru h-Ȕd putch çgfďlud ou hlcvďrht sď var`chsoď.
^cgtru h sc fàgld pc sdgc, çg lardgȝh iud lc h sc ghȔtc.
çg sobde`, lhoď pďrdgtcic spugc oď gu Ȕtdc, lhoď aedtc sď
prcodzczc oď hocst jhpt gu-8 çepdcldoď sď trďdhsoď, ci çȔd oag
lhegď oapdiui sď ohutc çgvďȝď
çgvďȝďturh
turh pc ohrc gu a lcȝdgc prdg-
tr-ug hot ugcard sudodlhr, pc ohrc Jrhgæadsc Laita çi guecȔtc
puisdugc cpdstceaiafdoď; lardgȝh lc h ougahȔtc ou ardoc prcȝ.
Oapdiui praoclchzď htugod oh Hidoc çg țhrh Edgugdiar
Edgugdiar.. CD trcoc
prdg afidglď çg oďuthrch ougahȔtcrdd ohrc ic idpscȔtc pďrdgȝdiar,
çg oagscodgȝď, oci edo hrc gcvadc sď-Ȕd oagstrudhsoď a ohic lc
edkiao çgtrc lauď prapazdȝdd; ‗Ȕtdu tatui" Ȕd ‗gu Ȕtdu gdedo". çg
jciui hocsth, ci vh putch hooclc ih ug sphȝdu psdbdo pcrsaghi pc
ohrc cu çi guecso lrcptui iud ih scorct, obdhr lhoď scorctui sďu
cstc frcu lc supartht.
“ Lhȝd-ed ug cxcepiu.
8>>

“ He hvut, ih oagsuithȝdc, ug oapdi hd oďrud pďrdgȝd crhu
ahecgd dgtcidfcgȝd, lhr hgoarhȝd çg oagvdgfcrch ‗sodcgtdstď" oď
dehfdstdoh ecldohiď lcȝdgch tahtc dgjarehȝddic pc ohrc ic oď
uth oapdiui iar çg icfďturď ou vcgdrch pc iuec h `c`ciuȔdiar.
Sgcard, hochstď gauď ougahȔtcrc pc ohrc a ajcrď Ȕtddgȝh cstc
hohphrhtď lc ehec, ohrc oagsdlcrď oď ch rcprczdgtď hlcvď
rui, rchidthtch jhptciar. Sgdd pďrdgȝd saoatcso hstjci coafrhjdh,
jaiasdglu-sc lc ch oh sď ic cxpidoc praprddiar oapdd hphrdȝdh `c
`ciuȔdiar. Lhr, ldg hochstď frdkď lc h praoclh oue trcùdc, cd
udtď sď ic var`chsoď lcsprc du`drc Ȕd sď-d hkutc sď çgȝcichfď oc
çgschegď du`drch.
âvcstch iud ^hui
‗Ed-h jast hlus ih oagsuithȝdc ug `ďdcȝci lc phtru hgd ohrc çg

octhsc sď var`chsoď. _ď-8 guede ^hui. çghdgtc, ^hui crh jahr
tc htrhs lc frďldgdȝď, saodhidzh, tatui ecrfch `dgc. Ȓd, ldgtr-a
lhtď, pďrdgȝdd sth`dicso a çgtàigd
çgtàigdrc
rc ou edgc, ed-8 hluo Ȕd çed
spug;
“ _ugtce jahrtc çgfrdkarhȝd, jdui gastru gu ehd var`cȔtc.
Ocd lad pďrdgȝd stďtchu hoaia, çg jhȝh ech, ih jci Ȕd oapdiui,
hȔczhȝd pc oàtc ug sohug. Ȓd, çg tdep oc var`che ou pďrdgȝdd,
edouȝui sc icfďgh, ug icfďght stcrcatdp, oh Ȕd oue cu g-hȔ jd
jast prczcgt. Dhtď, pc sourt, ldsouȝdh pc ohrc he purtht-a ou th
tďi Ȕd ou eheh iud. D-he çgtrc`ht;
“ Ohrc h jast eaecgtui çg ohrc hȝd sdeȝdt oď, `ruso, ocvh
gu \htďi
c çg rcfuiď1
iud; Gu Ȕtde.
Eheh iud; Cu orcl oď h jast eaecgtui çg ohrc gc-h çgtrc`h
çgtrc`htt
oue sc jho oapddd Ȕd gad d-he rďspugs; ‗Cd `dgc, a sď vczd." \htďi
iud h hlus ohscth ou coafrhjdh pc ohrc he jďout-a oàgl crhe çg
sďrodghtď Ȕd h pus-a sď ruiczc pc corhgui tcicvdzaruiud.
çg eaecgtui hocih, jcecdh s-h çgtars oďtrc saȝui cd;
8>8

“ HedgtcȔtc-ȝd oď, htugod, oapdiui h dcȔdt ldg sujrhfcrdc
tràgtdgl uȔh Ȕd s-h çgoudht çg ohecrh iud.
Dhr saȝui d-h rďspugs;
“ Hb, çg zduh hocch1
Ȓd saȝdh h dgsdstht;
“ Lh, çg zduh hocch. _ugt sdfurď oď htugod s-h çgtàepih
çgtàepihtt
ocvh... lhr gu Ȕtdu oc.
He`dd pďrdgȝd crhu prajcsard çg çgvďȝďeàgtui lc stht. Gu
vadhu sď praoclczc hȔh oue a jďouscrď praprddd iar pďrdgȝd ou
cd, hldoď sď ‗jhisdjdoc rchidthtch". Hstjci, çgo
çgoďď ldg tdepui shrod
gdd, s-hu fàgldt oď çgtr-a ùgď zd oapdiui iar vh lard sď Ȕtdc oue
h jast oagocput. D-hu ocrut ecldouiud, hȔh oue sc a`dȔgudcȔtc
çg prczcgt, sď ic lch ohscth ou coafrhjdh. Hu pďstrht-a ou ehrc
frdkď Ȕd laouecgtui sc hjih hoaia, fhth sď jdc jaiasdt.
Sdtàglu-eď ih oapdiui ohrc sc icfďgh, ou ohpui çglrcptht çg
kas, a`scrv oď çȔd prdvch scxui Ȕd oď `hihgsh
`hihgshrch
rch iud pďrch sď ded
tc ug sad lc hot scxuhi. Htugod, d-he spus;
“ CȔtd jhgthstdo! ^ďrdgȝdd tďd sugt prajcsard Ȕd putchu sď tc
çgvcȝc tatui, lhr tu hd Ȕtdut sď ic pud çgtrc`hrch ih ohrc cd gu putchu
rďspuglc.
^ďrdgȝdd sc çgtrc`hu lc oc spug hsth. He oagtdguht; ‗i-hd çg
trc`ht oue sc jho oapddd Ȕd g-hu Ȕtdut sď-ȝd rďspuglď. Lhr g-hu
vrut sď rcougahsoď jhptui oď gu Ȕtdu gdedo lcsprc hsth, lcsprc
ealui çg ohrc tc-hu jďout."
çgȝcicfàgl
çgȝcicfà gl `ruso, thtďi sc çgtahrsc htugod oďtrc jdui sďu Ȕd çd
spusc;
“ ^rastuȝuic... Lhr trcùdh sď-ed spud oď vadhd sď Ȕtdd lhoď
tc-he lardt!
Huzdgl spuscic thtďiud sďu, `ďdhtui çd zàe`d ihrf. _c uroď
pc fcgugobdd iud Ȕd çi sďrutď. Dhr thtďi, jahrtc ceaȝdaght, çd zdsc;
“ @dgcçgȝcics oď tc-he lardt. Ȓd laegui @hrrhi hrc lrcpth
tc; gu sc Ȕtdc pc uglc trcoc lardgȝh.
ûȔtdui çȔd rcfďsd ohphodthtch lc h var`d Ȕd çd spusc ehecd
iud;
8>0

“ Ȓtdhe cu, ehed.
HȔh oď vclcȝd oue oapdiui, jďrď sď çgȝcichfď eďohr oc hgu
ec ohutď, çgochroď sď la`àglchsoď a ougahȔtcrc pc ohrc pď
rdgȝdd iud gu a hu. Hocsth cstc scorctui iud. _deptaeui pc ohrc
i-h hvut oapdiui lavclcȔtc oď h çgȝcics iuorui pc ohrc pďrdgȝdd
iud gu-8 Ȕtdhu."
OugahȔtcrch ohrc çd idpscȔtc pďrdgtciud
‗^ďrdgȝdd hocstud `ďdcȝci prcodzhscrď oihr jhptui oď, htugod oàgl

crhu oapdd, gu id s-h spus oue vdg pc iuec `c`ciuȔdd. Cstc a
ougahȔtcrc ohrc h idpsdt ldg dstardh iar Ȕd pc ohrc cd hu çgoc
çgocrr
oht sď a oaepcgsczc prdg dgtcrecldui coafrhjdod. Zadhu sď-Ȕd
pratckczc oapdiui lc a dfgarhgȝď hsceďgďtahrc, lhr lc a dfga
rhgȝď ohrc sc rcjcrď ih oc hguec ehd cxhot1 Lcsoapcrde hocst
iuoru çg rďspugsui thtďiud; «Hb, vadhd sď Ȕtdd lhoď hd jast la
rdt1½ Oagtrhr ardoďrcd hȔtcptďrd, çgtrc`hrch oapdiuiud gu vdzh
`daiafdh rcpraluocrdd. Gu vdzh gdod çgtàig
çgtàigdrch
drch ldgtrc spcreh
tazadl Ȕd avui, gdod oagstruoȝdh oarpuiud `c`ciuȔuiud çg ehtrd

och ehtcrgď. çgtrc`hrch iud sc rcjcrch ih lardgȝh ohrc prcoclc

hotui praorchtar Ȕd ohrc çi su`çgȝcicfc. A lardgȝď ohrc, çg eal
vďldt, gu juscsc sujdodcgt cxprdehtď lc pďrdgȝd Ȕd lc ohrc oapd
iui hvch ehrc gcvadc. Oapddd Ȕtdu `dgc oď dcs ldg ùrth ehecd!
Id sc spugc lcstui hocst iuoru. Jhptui oď id sc hrhtď coafrhjdh
ohrc oagjdreď hochstď rchidthtc cstc gu guehd rcluglhgt, lhr
rcprczdgtď Ȕd ug hot tcrardzhgt çg eďsurh çg ohrc çgobdlc vdscic
oapdiuiud lcsprc vcgdrch iud pc iuec çg utcrui ehecd shic. D
sc prczdgtď utcrui ehecd oh jdghidthtc h ardoďrcd çgtrc`ďrd, oh
a `hrdcrď lc ohrc sc jràgf jhgthsecic iud lc oapdi. ^cgtru oď,
çg sjàrȔdt, lhoď `ďdcȝciui vadh sď-Ȕd hulď pďrdgȝdd var`dgl lc
sprc lardgȝh iar lc h-8 oagocpc, `hrc gu thtďiud sďu d sc hlrcsh
ci çg eal spcodhi1 Gu vadh ci sď Ȕtdc oc rai h kuoht hocsth ldg
ureď çg hphrdȝdh iud1 Lhoď utcrui hrc a scegdjdohȝdc ehkarď
8>?

çg ouiturh gahstrď, gu ih jci sthu iuorurdic Ȕd çg occh oc prd
vcȔtc tcstdouicic, ou tahtc oď hocstch kahoď ug rai cscgȝdhi, htàt
ldg pugot lc vclcrc `daiafdo, oàt Ȕd sdeàido. Oapdiuiud gu d sc
var`cȔtc gdodalhtď lcsprc cic, occh oc-8 jhoc sď orchlď oď s-h
gďsout guehd ldg lardgȝh ehecd.
\htďi iud ^hui gu s-h çgȔcih
çgȔcihtt çg hochstď prdvdgȝď. Ci h jast
prdeui ohrc h lctcotht scgsui çgtrc`ďrdd jduiud sďu; «Hb, lcod
hsth vadhd sď Ȕtdd; lhoď hd jast lardt1 @dgcçgȝcics, prastuȝuic, oď
tc-he lardt!½"...
Dg hsth oagstď phrhlaxui pc ohrc ehkardthtch pďrdgȝdiar gu
rcuȔcso sď-8 rczaivc. ^ďrdgtcic rďspuglc ih çgtrc`hrch oapdiu
iud jďrď sď Ȕtdc oď gu ougahȔtc rďspugsui. CD praoclchzď «oh Ȕd
oue½; oh Ȕd oue «hr Ȕtd½, oh Ȕd oue g-hr pihgh gdodug edstcr
hsuprh hocstcd çgtrc`ďrd juglhecgthic pc ohrc Ȕd-a pug ahec
gdd çgoď ldg gcfurh tdepuiud, oh Ȕd oue tatui hr jd rcvciht çg ou
gaȔtdgȝcic pc ohrc gd ic prapugc Ȕtddgȝh çg prczcgt, lcsprc gad
çgȔdgc. ^c sourt, oh Ȕd oue g-hr ehd cxdsth gdoda çgtrc`hrc! Ȓd
htugod oapdiui htrhfc htcgȝdh prdgtr-ug sdeptae."
“ Oue lcjdgdȝd raiui luegchvahstrď, çg ohidthtc lc
psdbhghidst1
“ Paiui ecu oagstď çg h-d rclh jdcoďrudh praprdui iao çg
ohlrui jhedidcd. Orcl çg arldgch sdeàidoď h iaourdiar; ‗\
‗\uu cȔtd
jdui ecu, gu vcd putch jd gdodalhtď thtďi ecu." Gad sugtce
occh oc sugt ug thtď Ȕd ug jdu; ‗sdeàiui" ugudh pcgtru ociď
ihit. Lc ih ouvàgtui frcocso ‗sueàiag", ohrc çgschegď h hlu
gh ihaihitď
hochstď oc hrc
occh ohrc
icfďturď gc icfďturď ou ldjcrcgȝdcrch
ugcȔtc pahtc pďrȝdiar.
jd fcgcrhȝdaghiď, Dhr
scxuhiď
shu jrďȝchsoď.
Gu edc trcùdc sď-ed spugď oapdiui scorctui iud, od depar
thgt cstc oh ci sď d-8 çgorcldgȝcz
çgorcldgȝczcc thtďiud sďu. Sgdd psdbaiafd
ohrc sc aoupď lc oapdd çȔd hsueď rcspagsh`didthtch lc h ic ajcrd
cd çgȔdȔd ociar edod ougahȔtcrch pc ohrc hocȔtdh a hȔtchptď lahr
ldg phrtch pďrdgȝdiar. Occh oc gu cstc cjdodcgt! OugahȔtcrch pc
8><
ohrc a ohutď oapdiui gu pahtc jd trhgsedsď lcoàt prdg ouvdgtcic

dzvaràtc ldgtr-ugh ldg ocic lauď vdcȝd rcspagsh`dic lc h sh. çg
ouvdgtcic thtďiud Ȕd hic ehecd iud trcùdc ci sď lcsoapcrc icfď
turh lc lrhfastc ohrc i-h orcht. HȔhlhr, raiui ecu oagstď, ehd
lcfrh`ď, çg ‗rcoagcothrch" pďrdgȝdiar Ȕd h oapdiuiud. Gu çgocr
çgocroo
sď rcjareuicz hocst iuoru çg praprdui ecu sdstce. ^rczcgȝh
ech orcchzď ug sphȝdu jhvarh`di oaeugdoďrdd, dhr edsdugch
prdgodphiď h psdbhghidstuiud oagstď, çg apdgdh ech, çg h jhoc çg
hȔh jci çgoàt pďrdgȝdd sď rcçgochph sď-d var`chsoď oapdiuiud iar.
^c sourt, sugt cicotrdodhg Ȕd rc`rhgȔcz occh oc cstc lc`rhgȔht.
^raoclcz hstjci çgoàt ourcgtui sď trchoď Ȕd oapdiui sď pahtď ho
oclc, jďrď dgtcrprct, ih thtďi Ȕd ih eheh iud.
“ Ȓd ùgdodd1 Oc rai hu cd çg sdeptaecic pc ohrc ic ehgd
jcstď oapdiui1
“ Oapdiui pahtc, prdg sdeptaeui iud, sď-Ȕd lctcredgc thtďi
shu eheh sď iuorczc çg ohidthtc lc jdu shu lc jddoď Ȕd sď-d depid
oc pc ùgdod. Lhr htugod oàgl a jcecdc rcpctď ou jddoh cd, jďrď
sď Ȕtdc, tďocrch praprdcd shic ehec çg prdvdgȝh vcgdrdd pc iuec
h `c`ciuȔdiar, çgschegď oď, lc jhpt, jcecdh rcspcotdvď gu h Ȕtd
ut gdodalhtď, gdod ch, oue sc jho oapddd, gdod oc rai h kuoht thtďi
cd çg ghȔtcrch sh. ^àgď ih vàrsth ecgstruhȝdcd, h dfgarht tat oc
ȝdgc lc scxuhidthtc Ȕd h rcpctht, ou jctdȝh cd, tďocrch ehecd shic,
jďrď oh eďohr sď-Ȕd lch scheh lc hsth. Aedsdugch cd cstc, hȔh
lhr, trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď. Hsth çed oaeugdoh, prdg sdeptaeui
cd, jctdȝh ohrc ed-h jast hlusď ih oagsuithȝdc.

Ohzui iud Lhvdl
‗Sg hit cxcepiu; he jďout tcrhpdc ou ug `ďr

`ďr`ht
`ht ohrc hvch ug
`ďdcȝci pc guec Lhvdl, çg vàrstď lc Ȕhsc hgd htugod. çgtr-a zd,
thtďi çed spugc ih sasdrc;
“ C çgjdarďtar, jdui gastru Lhvdl gu ehd pahtc sď echrfď!
Aeui rďeàgc çg pdodahrc Ȕd cu çi çgtrc`;
8>3
“ Oàgl d s-h çgtàepiht hsth1

“ Gahptch! çed rďspuglc ci, oh Ȕd oue crh cvdlcgt. Lhvdl
h vrut sď sc luoď ih tahictď, s-h rdldoht ldg pht Ȕd s-h prďùȔdt.
\rcùdc sď jd çgocro
çgocroht
ht lc ehd euitc ard sď sc rdldoc Ȕd, oàgl h
vďzut oď gu pahtc sth çg pdodahrc, h çgocput sď piàgfď, sď ȝdpc,
s-a strdfc pc eheh iud. _aȝdh ech s-h lus ih ci, i-h hȔczht pc
tahictď jďrď sď-Ȕd jhoď frdkd Ȕd i-h ouioht ldg gau jďrď sď-Ȕd lch
scheh lc gdedo. H lauh zd, i-he trczdt oh sď echrfď ih Ȕoahiď.
Gdod ȝdgchu
ehd `dgc pdodarui kas Ȕd h oďzut ldg gau, oh Ȕd oue gu-8
g-h pusfcgugobdd.
_aȝdh e-h obceht çg hkutar. E-he lus ih ci Ȕd d-he trhs a
phieď ih jugl! Eď çgȝcicfcȝd, he orczut oď sc prcjhoc oh sď gu
sc luoď ih Ȕoahiď. Lhr Lhvdl tat gu ecrfch Ȕd piàgfch! E-he
phgdoht! He sught ih urfcgȝc, ih _pdthiui Gcomcr Ȕd ed-he
hguiht tahtc çgtà
çgtàigdr
igdrdic...
dic... Ih Gcomcr, d s-hu jďout tahtc dgvcstd
fhȝddic gcuraiafdoc Ȕd obdhr a taeafrhjdc. Gu d-hu fďsdt gdedo.
Lc-htugod, Lhvdl ecrfc çg phtru ih`c... Lhr occh oc eď dgtrd
fď pc edgc c oď hocst iuoru gu phrc sď-i lcrhgkczc.
Dd rďspugl;
“ Ȓd uglc laredȝd luegchvahstrď, laeguic1
“ çg sujrhfcrdc.
Ȓd, decldht, hlhufď;
çgȝcicfcȝd,d, hsth pcgtru oď gd s-h gďsout lc ouràgl ug `c
“ çgȝcicfcȝ
`ciuȔ Ȕd oď ci lahrec çg ohecrh gahstrď, pcgtru oď saȝdh ech
trcùdc sď-i hiďptczc lc lauď ard pc gahptc. \rch`h hsth çed
strdoď saegui.ȔdCusugt
lc ih scrvdodu trczcsoHe
eďaàsdt. gcvadc eď
lcvrcec, sď lare, hohsďeďtàrzdu
çgtaro lcod ouio
çg sujrhfcrdc.
Hkugs çg hocst pugot ou cxpidohȝddic, `ďr`htui sc çgtrcrupc
Ȕd, lcalhtď, eď çgtrch`ď;
“ Lc oc-ed pugcȝd hochstď çgtrc`hrc1 Orclcȝd oď hr putch
hvch vrca icfďturď1
çd rďspugl;
“ Bh`hr g-he!
8>:

Ȓd hlhuf;
“ Lhr lhoď çgtrc`
çgtrc`hrch
hrch hochsth vď luoc ou fàglui ih vrca
icfďturď, htugod gu vď rďeàgc lcoàt sď vcrdjdohȝd lhoď hȔh sthu
iuorurdic!
Aeui rcvdgc lupď apt zdic, tathi uiudt;
“ Cstc dgorcld`di truoui luegchvahstrď! Lhvdl ecrfc ldg
gau ! Laotardd lc ih Gcomcr gu çgȝcicf lciao oue s-h çgtà
çgtàepiht
epiht
çgtrc`htt oue sc jhoc oď ecr
hsth, gdod cu, lc hitjci. Oàgl e-hu çgtrc`h
fc, ic-he spus; «^sdbatcrhpcutui ecu Ȕd-h hlus oagtrdùȝdh çg
hocst scgs½.
Ȓd `ďr`htui hlhufď;
“ He vrut sď tcstcz dgtcrprcthrch pc ohrc hȝd lht-a sdtuh-
ȝdcd. Gu d-he spus gdedo iud Lhvdl. E-he lus sď lare çg ph
tui saȝdcd Ȕd i-he hȔczht pc `c`ciuȔ çg sujrhfcrdc. Ȓd, g-a sď
eď orclcȝd lhr, h lauh zd, Lhvdl s-h rdldoht çg pdodahrc oh Ȕd
oue gu s-hr jd çgtà
çgtàepiht
epiht gdedo. Ȓd-h rcfďsdt jugoȝdaghidthtch
pdodahrciar!
HȔhlhr, g-h jast gcvadc oh phodcgtui ecu sď-d var`chsoď jd-
uiud sďu. Lhr trhgsjcrui iud hsuprh ech Ȕd ouvdgtcic ecic d-hu
stàrgdt lardgȝh lc h jhoc lrhfastc ou saȝdh sh Ȕd lc h-8 dgsthih pc
`c`ciuȔ çg sujrhfcrdc.
Lhoď vrce houe sď cxhedgďe ldecgsdugch trhgsfcgc-
rhȝdaghiď h hocstcd çgtàepiď
çgtàepiďrd,
rd, trcùdc sď iuďe çg oagsdlcrhrc
jhptui oď aeui hocsth jďousc tcrhpdc ou edgc çghdgtçghdgtcc lc h sc
oďsďtard, ou zcoc hgd çg ureď. ^rdg urehrc, ougaȔtche dstardh
iud. Ar, pcgtru oď ci çed spuscsc «c dgorcld`di truoui luegch-
vahstrď½, trcùdh sď jho ocvh ou hocst «truo½, oue çi guedsc
ci, hitedgtcrd i-hȔ jd iďsht sď orchlď, lc cxcepiu, oď hvche
putcrch sď-d rclhu pdodahrcic jduiud sďu. LcȔd sdgfurh ehfdc
ldg hochstď pavcstc crh jhptui oď çgtrc ci Ȕd edgc jugoȝdaghsc
trhgsjcrui43.
43 psdbhghidzď, praocs oc oagstď çg hsuprh h ugar

çg
scgtdecgtc trhgsjcrhrch
hitďlhtď htrdùdtc pďrdgȝdiar, (g.rcl.) psdbhghidstuiud
8>6

HȔhlhr, e-he çgjçgjurdh
urdhtt \htďi iud Lhvdl gu sc hȔtcpth lciao
ih a hstjci lc rchoȝdc ldg phrtch ech. Ci eď jcidodthsc pcgtru
«truoui½ ecu Ȕd dhtď oď cu eď cgcrvcz Ȕd çd spug;
“ Cxhfcrhȝd! Gu c «truoui½ ecu, c pavcstch «luegch
vahstrď½!
Oue hldoď «pavcstch ech½1 Lhr... lc oc sugtcȝd jurdas
pc edgc houe1
Ȓd aeui çgocpc sď piàgfď. Ou babatc lc oapdi edo. He vď
zut ahecgd piàgfàgl pc ohghpchuh ech Ȕd Ȕtdu sď jho ldjcrcg
ȝh çgtrc ihordedic ugud hluit Ȕd ihordedic ugud oapdihȔ. Eàgdh
ech, ohrc i-h jďout sď sc rhpartczc ih pavcstch iud, h soas `ruso
ih iuedgď ug hlcvďr çgfr
çgfrapht
apht lc euitď vrcec. @ďr`htui hocih
gu piàgscsc gdodalhtď oh ug oapdi çg jhȝh ech! Orcl oh piàgsui
iud h lurht oci puȝdg zcoc edgutc. D-he pus eàgh pc jrugtc,
hȔh oue jďoch Jrcul ih çgocputui prhotdodd shic pcgtru h dgtrh
icfďturď ou
çg
Lhvdl sď spugďphodcgȝdd iud. Fcstui hocsth d-h pcreds thtďiud iud
oc hrc pc sujict;
“ Eàgh hochsth, laeguic @hrrhi, thtďi ecu gu ed-h ajc-
rdt-a gdodalhtď.
Ȓd, decldht, çgocpc sď jhoď hsaodcrd;
“ Hvche Ȕhsc iugd oàgl thtďi ecu h ldspďrut ldg phtui
ehecd ecic.
^rdg urehrc, oàgl thtďi sďu ldspďrusc ldg vdhȝh iud, hocst
`ďr`ht gu hvch Ȕhsc hgd, oàt hvch jdui sďu çg eaecgtui çg ohrc
e-h obceht lc urfcgȝď pcgtru oď taoehd çȔd pdcrlusc, var`h
vdgc, pdodahrcic, od Ȕhsc iugd. Ci h jast oci ohrc h jďout icfďturh,
pcgtru oď trhgsjcrui jugoȝdagh çg oagtdguhrc Ȕd aeui sc çgtarsc
sc ih edgc pcgtru h çgȝcicfc oue hoȝdaghsc «truoui½ rcspcotdv.
Ih Ȕhsc iugd, eheh iud i-h çgorcldgȝht ugcd ladod. Gu Ȕd-h ehd
vďzut thtďi lc oàgl crh jahrtc edo. I-h rcfďsdt h`dh çg hlaics
ocgȝď. Ȓd, ih lad hgd Ȕd kueďthtc, oàgl s-h çgtars çg sjàrȔdt hohsď
ou eheh iud, jcecdh h hlus çg ohsď ug hit `ďr`ht oďrudh ci h trc
ùdt sď-d spugď «thtď½. âvcstdglu-ed hocstc iuorurd, pďrdgtcic
8>2

iud Lhvdl rcçgocpc sď piàgfď. çed rcihtchzď ldg gau çgtrchfh
iud sujcrdgȝď ohuzhtď lc pdcrlcrch thtďiud. Htugod, çed hȔcz dhr
eàgh pc ohpui iud, oh sď gu-8 ihs sdgfur. Gu jhoc lcoàt sď-Ȕd
rcfďschsoď hedgtdrdic, lcod Ȕd çgtrchfh trdstcȝc. HȔhlhr, rchlu
oàgl ih iuedgď fcgui hocsth lc iuorurd, lcsoapcrde edkiahocic
lc h gc rcoagstrud. \htďi iud Lhvdl crh çglrcptďȝdt sď hȔtcptc oh
hitodgcvh sď-d çgtdglď eàgh lc ohrc juscsc prdvht çg eal `ruthi.
çgocpàgl ldg hoci eaecgt, çg vdhȝh hocstud ae s-h pralus
a oatdturď. Ehd trcùdh sď idobdlczc lhtardh lc vdhȝď pc ohrc a
hvch jhȝď lc thtďi iud= gu a jďousc pàgď htugod pcgtru oď rďeď
scsc ìaoht çg rhgobdugď. Ȓd vclce oď Lhvdl, jdui iud, cstc oci
ohrc, çg ohzui lc jhȝď, çi pravahoď s-a jhoď, frhȝdc scegdjdohg-
tuiud «truo½.
@ďr`htui çd spugch ecrcu jduiud sďu «sugt prdctcgui tďu½.
Cxhot oue çd spugch iud praprdui thtď, çg hlaicsocgȝď. ^c tat
phroursui oapdiďrdcd, jhedidh iud ldg phrtch ehecd çd tràgtdsc
var`c ohrc sughu oh a dgsuitď; «CȔtd ou hlcvďrht jdui thtďiud
tďu½, «cȔtd lahr ug Z...½ HȔhlhr, pcgtru ci crh ou htàt ehd vdthi
sď sc z`htď sď çȔd jhoď praprdui guec. Lhr praoclh hstjci ldg
rhgobdugď jhȝď thtďi iud, pcgtru oď thtďi iud gu Ȕtdusc sď pahrtc
rcspcotdvui guec ou jcredthtc. Lc uglc Ȕd urh jhȝď lc hocst
thtď-prdctcg Ȕd hgdeazdthtch pc ohrc cu a ohidjdohsce lrcpt
«phsdugc rďzùgďtahrc½,
jhgtdiď h hocstud pcgtru
jdu supďrht h suìdgdh
pc thtďi oihr ohrc,
iud. Sg thtď jdlcidthtch dg
pc sourt,
çi ȝdgusc ohptdv, çgtr-a icfďturď lc hthȔhecgt lc tdp baeasc
xuhi, Ȕd ohrc gu-d lďlusc tcstdouicic.
Ȓd, pcgtru h çgobcdh, `ďr`htui h rcçggalht icfďturh ou hocst
thtď... Lhr Lhvdl, oc h çgocroht ci sď-d spugď thtďiud sďu, prdg
sdeptaeui iud lc «cu-gad½, htugod oàgl g-h ehd putut ldg-
tr-alhtď sď sc ȝdgď lrcpt pc hoci «cu½ Ȕd pc hoci «gad½ hic iud1
«Lu-tc Ȕd çephoď-tc ou ùgdoui ecu, ohrc cstc Ȕd thtďi tďu! Ȓd ci
h ldspďrut ldg phtui ehecd thic= lhr tu gu paȝd soďph tatuȔd lc
praprdui gche! C lhtardh th lc vdhȝď.½
8>4

_ď gu udtďe oď hocst cpdsal hrc iao lupď hphrdȝdh ugud `c
`ciuȔ, çg eaecgtui çg ohrc Lhvdl hvch gcvadc sď jdc sdfur çg
prdvdgȝh pďrdgȝdiar thtďiud sďu. Ar, htugod ci lcsoapcrď oď hocs
th ldg ureď gu sc ehd hjiď çg phtui ehecd shic. Lhvdl «dgtu
dcȔtc½ oď thtďi iud rcpcth socghrdui trďdt ou praprdui thtď ohrc
ldspďrusc. Hvch gcvadc sď çi hulď pc thtďi sďu hjdreàglu-Ȕd
prczcgȝh Ȕd gcldspďràgl çg ohidthtch iud lc `ďr`ht, ldg ohuzh
prczcgȝcd `ruȔtc h ugud `c`ciuȔ. Laredgl çg shiag, thtďi iud
sc oaeparth oh ug jrhtc ehd ehrc, oh «ehrcic hedo½. Dg iaoui
iud, hocsth puscsc ug `c`ciuȔ `ďdht, ug jrďȝdar. Htugod, Lhvdl
s-h gcidgdȔtdt. Ci cxprdeď jhptui oď «iuorurdic gu ehd ecrf½,
oď gu pahtc sď sc dlcgtdjdoc ou ug thtď ohrc ldsphrc ih hphrdȝdh
ugud `c`ciuȔ. Gu ehd vrch sď lcvdgď `ďr`ht. Oapdiui sc pih
schzď hstjci çg pugotui ar` hi fàgldrdd pďrdgtciud sďu pcgtru
h-8 prciugfd
hocsth, - Ȕd çgahsth
ci jarȝchzď lcsobdlcrc h occh ociud.
oagstď scorctui crh^cgtru çg oďtrc
oď, lc
gcfàgldt jciui
pďrdgȝdd iud. Occh oc crh gcfàgldt ocrc sď jdc cihàrht Ȕd guedt,
pcgtru oh vdhȝh sď sc trhgsedtď çg eal hlcovht lc ih pďrdgȝd
ih oapdd. Lhr praoclàgl hstjci, oapdiui gu jhoc hitocvh lcoàt
sď «rcpctc½. Ci rcsthurchzď, rcphrď jdidhȝdh Ȕd çȔd prcfďtcȔtc ci
çgsuȔd lcsocglcgȝh. Oapdiui rďeàgc ug su`dcot id`cr hi lardg
ȝciar orchtdvc Ȕd, lc hscecgch, vdgc pc iuec pcgtru h-Ȕd çglc
pidgd
praprdh edsdugc."
88>
:
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
_tuldu hsuprh ugcd gcougasoutc4:;46

jcedgdthtch
çgtr -a ohrtc rcocgtď, dgtdtuihtď Jcedgdgui jddgȝcd66, Hggdom lc

çgtr-a
_auzcgciic lcthidhzď pavcstch, jhisď Ȕd uedidtahrc, h orcďrdd
Cvcd ldgtr-a oahstď seuisď ldg pdcptui iud Hlhe. Pciuàgl
tcxtui ardfdghi c`rhdo hi Fcgczcd, ch hrhtď oď Luegczcu gu h
vrut sď-d lch iud Hlhe a scrvdtahrc, ohrc-Ȕd dspďȔcȔtc dgjcrda
rdthtch lc edd lc hgd, od sď-d hȔczc hiďturd a hitď dehfdgc h iud
çgsuȔd, hoci ‗Cu cstc ug hitui" ciafdht lc Pde`hul42. ‗\rhlu
oďtardd gaȔtrd", spugc ch, ‗hu odtdt ou hkutarui aobcihrdiar iar lc
cxdihȝd", ou ‗aobdd cxtcrdardtďȝdd", hocst edt hi dgohrgďrdd gahstrc
scxuhtc, pdhtrď lc tcecidc h odvdidzhȝdcd.
Hochstď gauď icoturď soahtc ih dvchiď a lcsoapcrdrc jahrtc
departhgtď; pďohtui ardfdghr ohrc atrďvcȔtc scxuhidthtch aood
lcgthidiar hr ldspďrch çg `cgcjdodui ugud iuoru gau, Ȕd hgu
ec jcedgdthtch. Jcedgdthtch gu çgschegď jcecdh, pcgtru oď
sc rcfďscȔtc Ȕd çg `ďr`ht
`ďr`ht,, lhr jcecdh lcȝdgc a phrtc ldg hochs
tď jcedgdthtc ohrc a ohrhotcrdzchzď Ȕd pc ohrc trcùdc sď Ȕd-a
4:çg ide`h jrhgoczď, çg ardfdghi; ‗Hricsdcggc", pcrsaghk, iuoru hsougs, gclczvď-

iudt. (g.tr.)
46 Hggdom lc _auzcgciic, Jcedgdgui jddgȝcd. ^cgtru h sjàrȔd ou oahsth iud Hlhe,
Cldturh Sgdvcrsdtďȝdd ‗Hicxhglru iahg Ouzh" ihȔd, 0>8?. (g.h.)

42 Zczd, rcjcrdtar ih hocst su`dcot, hrtdoaiui jahrtc jrueas pc ohrc Ohtbcrdgc Lh-
vdl d-i lcldoď çg Ic Gauvci A`scrvhtcur, ldg :-80 ehrtdc 8446. (g.h.)
888
hsuec. Lcsprc hochstď jcedgdthtc h jcecdd vae var`d çg ocic

oc urechzď.
Jcedgdthtch pahtc jd ahrc hsdedihtď ehtcrgdtďȝdd Ȕd h jd jcec
dc cstc ahrc cobdvhicgt ou h jd eheď1 Hochstď oagjuzdc lc ra
iurd Ȕd lc fcgurd cstc prczcgtď prctutdglcgd çg ouiturh gahstrď,
rcidfdazdthtch làgl tagui ou euitď vrcec çg ureď.
Ldldcr Luehs gu czdtď sď jaiaschsoď rhparthrch ouiturhiď
ih jcedgdthtc lrcpt ug ‗`hraectru" hi cvaiuȝdcd uehgc; ‗Cva
iuȝdh spdrdtuhiď h jddgȝcd aecgcȔtd", spugc ci, ‗cstc çg çgtrcfdec
icfhtď lc sthtutui pc ohrc d-8 htrdùde jcedgdtďȝdd, htàt h `ďr`h
tuiud, oàt Ȕd h jcecdd. Jcedgdgui cstc lcsobdlcrch oďtrc occh oc
vdgc ldg cxtcrdar. Cstc occh oc fďzludcȔtc edstcrui, gcougasou
tui. çg ouiturh gahstrď, c Jcodahrh ohrc prdecȔtc hocst edstcr pc
ohrc rcidfdh çi guecȔtc Luegczcu. Jďrď a hscecgch lcsobdlc
rc oďtrc cgcrfddic gcougasoutuiud Ȕd hic edstcruiud, gu vďl oue
hr putch aeui sď lcvdgď hluit, sď-Ȕd fuvcrgczc vdhȝh Ȕd sď cva
iuczc. Ocrurdic lcsprc ohrc var`cȔtc @dìdh gu sc rcjcrď ih ocrui
ehtcrdhi, od ih «ochihitď rchidthtc½ ih ohrc sc rhpartchzď edstdodd
Ȕd Ȕhehgdd. çg psdbhghidzď, cstc occh oc sc guecȔtc dgoagȔtdcg
tui, dhr hsouithrch c jcedgdgď. ^cgtru edgc, jcedgdthtch cstc,
hȔhlhr, occh oc, çg jdcohrc jddgȝď, jhoc iao hsouitďrdd, ldhiafuiud
ou dgoagȔtdcgtui Ȕd ou edstcrui h occh oc sugtce gad. Ȓd htugod,
lc oc h jast jcecdh ȝhpui dspďȔdtar çg ocic ehd euitc ldgtrc eh
rdic odvdidzhȝdd1 çg h gahstrď, çg Cvui Ecldu, jcecdh gu putch jd
lcoàt rch, pcgtru oď pďohtui ardfdghr çd crh htrdùdt Cvcd. Ch g-h
putut a`ȝdgc sthtutui lc jddgȝď aecgchsoď ou lrcpturd lcpidgc
lcoàt prdg jdfurh Eďrdcd. Lhr Ȕd htugod, ch h jast rcougasoutď ih
gdvci saodhi lahr çg ohidthtc lc eheď. Ȓd, çg saodcthtc, ch trcùdc
sď jdc çgtatlchugh eheď Ȕd sď gu var`chsoď lcsprc scx, lcsprc
occh oc oagstdtudc piďocrch vdcȝdd. Lc uglc Ȕd oihsdoh ldbataedc
çgtrc Eheh hscxuhtď, hluihtď, h oďrcd jdfurď ceìcehtdoď cstc
Jcodahrh, Ȕd jcecdh ohrc kudschzď, hldoď \àrjh, a`dcot hi piďocrdd,
ohrc gu hrc lrcptui ih cxdstcgȝď çg sàgui ugcd jhedidd. Hocsth
880
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
cstc hspcotui oci ehd pcrjdl hi eaȔtcgdrdd gahstrc çg ehtcrdc lc
scxuhidthtc. ^cgtru oď a eheď ohrc gu cstc lcoàt eheď Ȕd gu
sc pahtc çgjďȝdȔh oh jcecdc çg jhȝh oapddiar sďd, jhoc ldg hocȔtdh,
çg eal aìdfhtardu, gdȔtc gcvrazhȝd.
Dlcgtdthtch jcecdd gu sc rczueď ih ehtcrgdthtc Ȕd, çg hochs
tď oagjuzdc çgtrc ehtcrg Ȕd jcedgdg, trcùdc vďzutď putcrch
ugud ehtrdhrbht aouit Ȕd lcvhsthtar ohrc, pihsàgl oapdiui çg
iaoui `ďr`htuiud, tdglc sď jhoď ldg ci ugdoui a`dcot lc kudshrc
vhih`di. Hochsth cstc prdgodphih praìceď ou ohrc gc oagjrug
tďe çg cpaoh gahstrď ih gdvciui sďgďtďȝdd ecgthic h oapddiar;
gcvadh lc h pcredtc eheciar sď pahtď jd jcecd rďeàgàgl, çg
hocihȔd tdep, ehec."
Dg suoocsdugch
Çgtr-hlcvďr, jahrtcfcgcrhȝddiar, gcfhrch jcedgdtďȝdd
souep, rcprczcgtàgl a dpatcoď sc piďtcȔtc,
çgsceghtď
çgscegh tď
hsuprh sďgďtďȝdd lcsocglcgȝdiar. Ch sc hjiď ih ardfdgch dstcrdcd
jcedgdgc Ȕd, htugod oàgl urh jhȝď lc jcedgdthtc sc trhgsedtc
ldg eheď çg jddoď, jddgloď jcecdh lcvdgc lcpcglcgtď lc `ďr 
`ht, cjcotcic cd, ehd çgtàd hsougsc, sugt çgtatlchugh lcvhsth
tahrc Ȕd sc jho sdeȝdtc çgocpàgl lc ih h trcdh fcgcrhȝdc. He hvut
ug hscecgch cxcepiu ou tàgďrh Hidoc, lcsprc ohrc he var
`dt çg prdeui ohpdtai, hoch hlaicsocgtď hutdstď ohrc çȔd rcsde
ȝch ecgstrcic oh pc ug hlcvďrht ìcstce Ȕd hic oďrcd tuiùrďrd
ecgthic frhvc çȔd hvchu ardfdgch çgtr-a rcspdgfcrc h scxuiud
jcedgdg, trhgsedsď lc ih ùgdoď ih eheď Ȕd prczcgtď ih jcecd
ic ldg gcheui cd lc-h iugfui ehd euitar fcgcrhȝdd.
Gu hghidsth ech h jast och ohrc ed-h pcreds sď-ed lcsoapďr
praprdh jcedgdthtc, pcgtru oď ch pďrch ehd lcfrh`ď ìaohtď çg
tr-a tcardc jhisď. Pcjcrdgȝh cd çg ehtcrdc oagsth çgtr-ug tcxt hi
psdbhghidstcd ^dcrď Huihfgdcr44 ohrc susȝdgch dlcch oď jcecdh
gu hrc a lardgȝď praprdc Ȕd oď, lc hocch, ch trcùdc sď sc ihsc
44^dcrh Huihfgd cr, ‗Pcehrqucs sur ih jäedgdtä ct scs hvhthrs", çg
Huihfgdcr, ^. Huih-
fgdcr-_phdrhgd ct hi.. Ic läsdr ct ih pcrvcrsdag, _cudi, 84:6. (g.h.)
88?

çg scheh `ďr`htuiud ohrc, ldg jcrdodrc, hrc a hstjci lc lardgȝď,
lhr gu a oagȔtdcgtdzchzď, jddgl gcocshr oh jcecdh sď d-a lcz
vďiudc. ^c sourt, hochstď pavcstc eď jďoch sď `ht phsui pc iao.
H`dh euit ehd tàrzdu, iuoràgl hsuprh trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiuiud,
he çgȝcics oď scxuhidthtch hluitď - jcedgdgď Ȕd ehsouidgď -,
piďocrch, kudshrch Ȕd arfhseui gu hvchu, çg odulh hphrcgȝciar,

gdodug sthtut tcarctdo scrdas çg fàgldrch jrculdhgď. Lc-htugod,
he putut oagsthth, çg ràglui prdctcgciar ecic, çg ohlrui tcrh
pdcd shu çg hjhrh cd, oď cxprcsdh jaiasdtď lc Jrcul pcgtru h ohid
jdoh hochstď ehrc gcougasoutď ohrc crh pcgtru ci scxuhidthtch
jcedgdgď, jhdeasui ‗oagtdgcgt gcfru" hi psdbhghidzcd, çȔd ec
rdth ou hlcvďrht guecic. Çgtr-hlcvďr, çgoď ldg vrceurd strď
vcobd, kudshrch jcedgdgď gu h hvut ug sthtut icfdtde çg ide`hk,

dhr psdbhghidzh g-h sobde`ht lciao rcspcotdvh sthrc lc jhpt.
He cxpcrdecgtht hocst iuoru çg ohlrui tcrhpdcd ecic. Lc çg
lhtď oc çgocrohe sď hàrlcz su`dcotui rcspcotdv ou hghidsth
ech, ouvdgtcic ou ohrc çed rďspuglch jugoȝdaghu oh a pcrlch
lc jue, ehsoàgl ou pulahrc jhptui oď, rchiecgtc, ch gu Ȕtdh
oc sď orchlď, gdod oc sď spugď rcjcrdtar ih oaeugdohrch cratdoď.
_dgfurh hghidstď ohrc, ldg oàtc ougaso cu, h sords ocvh oagorct
icfht lc hocst su`dcot, obdhr lhoď h jaiasdt ug ide`hk lc spcodh
idst, lcstui lc czatcrdo, cstc, çg eal phrhlaxhi, a psdbhghidstď

lc oapdd; Jrhgæadsc Laita8>>.
Dtdgcrhrdui ugcd lcsobdzďtahrc lc lrueurd
‗_cxuhidthtch cstc pďohtui psdbhghidzcd", çed spugc çgtr-a zd,

pc gcpusď ehsď, Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue, ecldoui fdgcoaiaf Ȕd
houpugotar ih ohrc eď trhthe. Dhtď oue h çgocput pcgtru edgc
lcsoapcrdrch jcedgdtďȝdd. Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue h dgtcfrht
Jrhgæadsc Laita, _cxuhidtä jäedgdgc. Ih id`dla fägdthic ct sag lcstdg jäedgdg,
8>>
hlgatht Ȕd prczcgtht lc Eurdci Lkärd`d-Zhicgtdg Ȕd Cidsh`ctb Maumd, Fhiidehrl,
844: (prdeh cldȝdc; _ohrh`äc ct Oa/HE Eäthdidä, 8420). (g.h.)
88<
Jcedgdg-ehtce
htàt lc euit fcgchiafdh çg fàgldrch cd oatdldhgď, çgoàt gu ehd
cstc pasd`di sď oagsuitc a pcrsahgď jďrď s-a çgtrc`c lcsprc
strďeaȔdd sďd. HȔh he hjiht çg oc jci çed trhgsedscscrď eheh
Ȕd ehtcrgď
ùgdoh echpiďocrdd
pasd`didthtch lc gu
h jdguehd Hkutaruilcpch lh
jcecdc.putcrch ohrcvdhȝď, ajcȔd
ed-8 od
rch Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue gu rcprczcgth a jhvahrc spcodhiď,
çg shih lc hȔtcpthrc, çghdgt
çghdgtcc sď dgtru çg oh`dgct, ic-he stuld
ht pc jcecdic ohrc dgtrhu Ȕd dcȔchu lc ih oagsuithȝdc. Gu Ȕtdu
oc ehfdc jaiasch, lhr dcȔdgl ldg oh`dgctui cd, hocstch çȔd rcfď
schu a jarȝď, a vdvhodthtc dgtcrdahrď, ohrc oagtrhsth putcrgdo
ou edgh prcaouphtď shu ou cxprcsdh h`scgtď pc ohrc a hvchu
ih sasdrc. Ouvdgtcic cd sugt ugcard hsprc, hitcard cgdfehtdoc.
\c hsouitď var`dgl lcsprc vdhȝh th lc jcecdc, tc a`scrvď ou
htcgȝdc Ȕd, lhoď c ohzui, tc sjďtudcȔtc, çȝd rcoaehglď a ohrtc...
Ȕd, praoclàgl hstjci, tc hkutď sď jdd tu çgsďȝd
çgsďȝd,, sď ‗çgoctczd h ehd jd
lahr a jctdȝď çg hȔtcpthrch iud Jďt-Jrueas", pc sourt, sď lcsoa
pcrd hoch ihturď thdgdoď h jcedgdtďȝdd jdcoďrcdh ldgtrc gad. Hocs
th cstc scgsui pc ohrc Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue h vrut sď-i lch
ecscrdcd Ȕd cjarturdiar shic. He çgtrc`ht-a, ih ug eaecgt lht;
‗OugaȔtdgȝcic pc ohrc ic hvcȝd, ic-hȝd houeuiht ldg prhotdoh oid
gdoď1" ‗Gu, hochstď ougahȔtcrc he la`àgldt-a hghidzàglu-ed
praprdh scxuhidthtc", ed-h rďspugs ch, jďrď hitc cxpidohȝdd.
Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue Ȕd-h çgocput ohrdcrh lc ecldo fdgc
oaiaf ih çgocputui hgdiar 846>. Lczvaithrch pihggdgf-uiud jh
edidhi pcgtru oagtrhocpȝdc Ȕd icfhidzhrch hvartuiud crhu çg pidg
hvàgt. Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue h phrtdodpht ih cic çg eal hotdv.
Gcçgȝcicfàgl rastui lc h tc ghȔtc jďrď h jd `dgcvcgdt çg hochs
tď iuec, ch h iuptht pcgtru lrcptui lc h hvarth hi jcecdiar çg
sďrodghtc ou oapdd gclardȝd; ‗Oagsdlcrhe ug iuoru cscgȝdhi oh
jcecdic sď gu ehd jdc prdvdtc oh gdȔtc dcpurahdoc Ȕd oh prhotdod
ic hgocstrhic hic çgtrcrup crdd lc shrodgď, cjcotuhtc çg oihglcs
çgtrcrupcrdd
tdgdthtc Ȕd rcsdeȝdtc, ldg hochstď ohuzď, çg eal trhuehtdo, sď
c, oh hvartui sď jdc çg sjàrȔdt icfhidzht. Dstardh pcredtch
çgoctczc,
çgoctcz
883

hocst iuoru. Oc dgtcrcs cxdstď, pcgtru ug oapdi, sď hd`ď a eheď
lcprdehtď lc jhptui oď h rďehs çgsďrodghtď Ȕd sď jdc idpsdt lc
prczcgȝh ugud thtď1"
Lhgdâic Jihuecg`hue h hics sď jdc fdgcoaiaf lhtardtď ugcd
ùgdod eahȔc, eahrtď çg ureh ugud ohgocr ou lad hgd çghdgtc
lc h sc ghȔtc ch, Ȕd ou h oďrcd idpsď eheh cd gu s-h putut a`dȔ
gud gdodalhtď. ‗E-he gďsout çg tdepui rďzàduiud, çg 84<?.
^ďrdgȝdd ecd, cvrcd paiagczd, crhu hsougȔd çg sului Jrhgȝcd, çe 
prcugď ou ocic lauď jctc hic iar. Ih vrcech hocch, odrouih a
ldrcotdvď ohrc hjdreh oď Fcsthpaui gu ic vh hrcsth pc jcecdic
çgsďrodghtc
çgsďrod ghtc Ȕd pc ehecic ou oapdd ehd edod lc odgod hgd. \h
tďi ecu, jahrtc iuodl, orclch oď rďzàdui sc vh prciugfd. E-hu
oagocput hvàgl oagvdgfcrch ghdvď oď, çg jciui hocsth, eheh
Ȕd surardic ecic var jd shivhtc. E-he çgsords ih Jhouithtch lc
Ecldodgď, lcȔd crhe dgtcrcshtď lc ide`dic strďdgc. Ȓtdhe oď a
sď jdu fdgcoaiaf, jďrď sď çgȝcicf çgsď lc oc. _tulddic hocstch ed
s-hu pďrut lcasc`dt lc frcahdc. Ic saoatche idedthtc, dgueh
gc Ȕd lahr rhrcard ohph`dic sď rďspuglď çgtrc`ďrdiar ecic. Lc
jhpt, hocd zcoc hgd lc stuldd sc hlďufhu ih eutdseui jhedidcd
ecic çg prdvdgȝh scxuhidtďȝdd. Gdodalhtď gu he huzdt var`dg-
lu-sc çg jhedidc lcsprc scxuhidthtch jcedgdgď Ȕd arfhseui jc
edgdg, lcoàt çgtr-a ehgdcrď dfdcgdstď shu oh Ȕd oue iuorurdic
s-hr çgȝci
çgȝcicfc
cfc lc ih sdgc. Fdgcoaiafdh crh a ldsodpidgď ecldohiď
lcstdghtď ehecd Ȕd ehtcrgdtďȝdd, gu jcecdd. ^rdg prdseh hocstcd
ldsodpidgc, jcecdh crh rclusď ih sthtutui lc patcgȝdhiď eheď.
Ȓd prdeh ech ehrc rcvcihȝdc h jast sď lcsoapďr oď ehtcrgdth 
tch Ȕd jcedgdthtch gu hvchu gdoda icfďturď. Occh oc ehecic
aedt sď ic trhgsedtď jddociar, pra`h`di pcgtru oď cic çgscic gu
Ȕtdu çgoď jahrtc oihr hocst iuoru, cstc luìh vaohȝdc h scxuiud jc
edgdg. _cxui jcedgdg cstc oàgl çg scrvdodui rcpraluocrdd Ȕd, çg
hocst ohz, jcecdic sugt oagtdguhtahrcic lcsocglcgȝcd iar, oàgl
çg siuk`h piďocrdd. Zar`de htugod lcsprc ocic`rhrch vdcȝdd, sc
xui lcvcgdgl dgstruecgtui praprdcd cvaiuȝdd.
88:
Jcedgdg-ehtce
Cu çgsďed jho phrtc ldg prdeh fcgcrhȝdc lc jcecd ohrc h `c

gcjdodht lc oagtrhocpȝdc. Dg 84:?, pc oàgl hvche lauďzcod lc
hgd, ed-he oaehglht a ldhjrhfeď ih ug ocgtru lc pihggdgf
jhedidhi. Crhu departhtc ldg Hgfidh! ^rdg hgdd ':3, jcecdic çg
ocpuscrď sď `cgcjdodczc lc pdiuiď, lhr hochsth h jast oagocputď
dgdȝdhi lahr pcgtru h jhoc ehd puȝdg hpďsďtahrc aìdfhȝddic eh
tcrgc. Oupiurdic gu-Ȕd ehd larchu a jhedidc guecrahsď= vadhu
sď hd`ď tdep pcgtru oapddd lckh gďsouȝd. _ujcrdscrď prch euit
lc idpsh lc ldspagd`didthtc h pďrdgȝdiar iar. Zddtahrcic ehec çȔd
prcfďtchu ghȔtcrch. \hȝdd hsdsthu ih vcgdrch pc iuec h oapddiar.
@c`ciuȔui crh trhtht oh a pcrsahgď= çgȝcicfch çghdgtc lc h Ȕtd sď
var`chsoď, crh ldg oc çg oc ehd rcspcotht. Coafrhjdh hrďth oď jď
tui çȔd sufc lcfctui Ȕd urdgchzď çg ùrth ehecd. \dgcrdd pďrdgȝd
ldhiafhu çgtrc cd Ȕd çd var`chu edouȝuiud. Hochstď lczvaithrc
jrueahsď h jugoȝddiar ehtcrgď Ȕd phtcrgď h lht oapdd pidgd lc
sďgďthtc, lhr pďrdgȝd oaepict cpudzhȝd, ohrc gu Ȕtdhu oue sď-Ȕd
ehd rcvdgď Ȕd ohrc rcpcthu lczhstrui scxuhi hi pďrdgȝdiar iar."
Oagtrhocpȝdh, a rcvaiuȝdc
‗Oagtrhocpȝdh h fcgcrht, lc jhpt, a sobde`hrc rhldohiď çg

ealui lc h oagocpc scxuhidthtch. Ch h rcdgtralus çg ouiturh
gahstrď ldecgsdugch pur uehgď h hocstcdh, Ȕd hguec piďoc
rch. Hstjci, scxuhidthtch gu ehd scrvcȔtc lahr ih rcpraluocrch
spcodcd. Ldg prdseh piďocrdd, scxuhidthtch çi «çgrďlďodgchzď½
pc dgldvdl çg phrtdouihrdthtch sh, ajcrdglu-d ug cobdid`ru, ecg-
ȝdgàglu-d sďgďthtch Ȕd pcredȝàgl cvaiuȝdh iud. Lhr, pcgtru
prdeh
eugohfcgcrhȝdc lc jcecd ohrc h `cgcjdodht lc hochstď sdtuhȝdc,
h jast oaiashiď.
Iuàgl pdiuih, jcecdh sceghichzď oarpuiud cd oď gu cstc
eaecgtui sď jhoď ug oapdi. Hstjci, ehtcrgdthtch Ȕd jcedgdth
tch hphr oh lauď dgsthgȝc ldstdgotc. A jcecdc gu cstc hocchȔd
htugod oàgl sc aoupď lc ug oapdi Ȕd oàgl jhoc lrhfastc ou ug
886

`ďr`ht. Oàgl jhoc lrhfastc, ch çȔd trďdcȔtc jcedgdthtch trupcȔ
tc, sďr`ďtarcȔtc ldjcrcgȝh Ȕd oaepicecgthrdthtch ldgtrc ug `ďr
`ht sd a jcecdc. _d oàgl ocic`rchzď hstjci çgtàigdrch, id`crď çg
sjàrȔdt lc oarpui cd, piďocrch pc ohrc a sdetc Ȕd a ajcrď cstc tat
oc pahtc jd ehd prcȝdas çg ecgȝdgcrch vdcȝdd. Dhtď occh oc fcgc
rhȝddic hgtcrdahrc gu hu putut cxpcrdecgth, pcgtru oď sdgfu
rh e
ehgdjcsth rc scxuhiď çgfďl
hgdjcsthrc çgfďludtď
udtď crh praorchrch. Oagtrhocpȝdh
ic-h pcreds jcecdiar sď jdc tathi ldjcrdtc lc eheh Ȕd lc ùgdodic
iar. Ȓd hochstď çgoaraghrc h scxuhidtďȝdd jcedgdgc çg vdhȝh oatd
ldhgď cstc och ehd departhgtď rcvaiuȝdc ldg dstardh earhvurd
iar pc ohrc h ougasout-a iuech aoodlcgthiď!
Ldg pugot lc vclcrc saodhi çgsď, tat ehtcrgdthtch cstc och
ohrc praeavchzď jcecdh tàgďrď çg iuech hluitď, ih jci Ȕd eug
oh oc-d hsdfurď dglcpcglcgȝh jhȝď lc jhedidc. Jcedgdthtch rď
eàgc gcougasoutď çg rcfdstrui trhgsedtcrdiar eheď-jddoď. Ch
oagtdguď sď jdc gcfhtď çg ohidthtch cd lc dgsthgȝď ohrc jhvard
zchzď struoturhrch Ȕd pcredtc rcgugȝhrch ih sthtutui sdeàido
lc jddoď pcgtru h-8 çgfia`
çgfia`hh pc oci lc jcecdc."
“ 
Ȓd oc hguec hȝd lcsoapcrdt çg hocst laecgdu prdg dgtcr
ecldui fdgcoaiafdcd1
“ Cxcrodtàglu-ed ecscrdh, he oagsththt oàt lc juglh
ecgthiď cstc icfďturh ldgtrc oagtrhocpȝdc, ou praìcecic cd, Ȕd
scxuhidthtc. Ih vrcech hocch, crh prdgodphih saidodthrc h oidcg
tciar ecic, ohrc vcgchu ih oagsuithȝdc ldg ohuzh ugar shrodgd
gcprafrhehtc, prdgtrc hitcic. Hocstch survcgchu çg fcgcrhi
çg iaoui obcstdugdiar hsuprh oďrarh gu putuscrď ldhiafh ou
a jareďiar.
eheh lc Jhpt oc e-h jďout
oagtrhocpȝdc crhu sď hledt
idpsdtc lc oď jcecdic
rcpcrc, lc ohrc ocrchu
a rhparthrc
ih trcout. _c sdeȝchu lcùsaihtc. Id`crthtch pc ohrc ic-a ajcrch
oagtrhocpȝdh gu ic jďoch tatuȔd jcrdodtc hȔh oueçȔd larchu. ^cg
tru h jd hstjci, crh gcvadc, ehd çgtàd, sď-Ȕd oagstrudhsoď a dehfd
gc lc sdgc oďrcdh gu-d fďschu gdodug oarcspaglcgt ih eheh Ȕd
ih ùgdodic iar.
882
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
Ȓd iuorurdic sthu çgtatlchugh hstjci. ^cgtru ugcic, ldjdoui

tďȝdic sugt htàt lc ehrd çgoà
çgoàtt pur Ȕd sdepiu gu fďscso ug phr
tcgcr. Hocstc jcecd gu çgȝcicf lc oc `ďr`hȝdd gu vdg oďtrc cic.
Lc ocic ehd euitc ard, cic çd luȔeďgcso pcgtru oď gu ic scluo
hȔh oue Ȕd-hr lard. Lcvdg hstjci vdotdec hic oagocpȝddiar iar
jhisc, oagocpȝdd ohrc gchfď ldjcrcgȝh lc oaeparthecgt ldgtrc
`ďr`hȝd Ȕd jcecd. Cic hȔtchptď, phsdvc Ȕd gcjcrdodtc, jďrď h oag
Ȕtdcgtdzh lciao oď sc çgobdl çg sdgc. Dg ohzui hitarh, sujcrdgȝh
rcspcotdvď sc ehgdjcstď su` jareh ugar sdeptaec oarparhic.
Ȓd hsth ou htàt ehd euit ou oàt rcihȝdh scgtdecgthiď cstc ehd
scrdahsď shu oàgl jcecdic çg ohuzď trďdcso su` hocihȔd hoapcrdȔ
ou ug `ďr`ht. Htugod, cic sujcrď dgjiheďrd ih gdvciui arfhgciar
fcgdthic, odstdtc, edoazc, vhfdgdtc. ^diuih ic pravahoď frchȝď, ic
jhoc sď sc çgfrhȔc= sàgdd lcvdg lurcraȔd Ȕd frcd, hu sàgfcrďrd,
pdodahrcic id sc uejiď, sc cgcrvchzď uȔar shu hu a lardgȝď sc
xuhiď ldedguhtď. _tcrdictui ic dgoaealchzď shu ic pravahoď
sàgfcrďrd.
Cxdstď, lc hscecgch, ocic ohrc gu rcuȔcso sď sc sdetď `dgc.
_htdsjhoȝdh scxuhiď cstc praìcehtdoď, depasd`diď, lardgȝh pc
ohrc a hvchu pcgtru oci ou ohrc trďdcso h ldspďrut tathi, su
`dt Ȕd jďrď gdodug eatdv, occh oc sc çgtàepiď jahrtc jrcovcgt
lupď hphrdȝdh ugud oapdi Ȕd ehd hics h ociud ldgtàd, oàgl jcec
dh lcvdgc eheď. _hu, ehd euit, pcgctrhrch cstc ldjdodiď, obdhr
depasd`diď. \atui trcùdc sď sc pctrchoď ih suprhjhȝď. Jcecdic
ehgdjcstď usoďodugc vhfdghiď, hu lurcrd, gu sdet gdedo shu
rďeàg h`scgtc. _cxui iar gu ic-h hphrȝdgut gdodalhtď ou hlc
vďrht. Ci gu pahtc jd vdu lcoàt ldg pugot lc vclcrc phtaiafdo;
sàgfcrchzď shu hrlc. ^c sourt, cxdstď çgtatlch
çgtatlchugh
ugh ocvh ohrc sď
çepdcldoc pasd`didthtch oh çgtàigdrch, jidrtui, eàgfàdcrdic sď sc
prciugfchsoď prdgtr-a prdedrc h pcgdsuiud.
Hoocpthrch cxdstcgȝcd arfhseuiud jcedgdg çg vdhȝh oatdld
hgď cstc ug iuoru rcocgt. _phȝdui hocstcd hoocptďrd cxdstď, lhr
gu cstc çgoď ouitdvht. _ugt lahr oàȝdvh paedȔard, oàtcvh jiard...
884
pihgthtc dod Ȕd oaia,

lc çgȔciďtahrc. pc a eaȔtcgdrc
Departhgt çgfrazdtar
çgfrazd
c oď, çg cpaoh gahstrď, pustdcsďshu
tar lcçgocpc sc
trhgsedtď ug gau eal lc h prdvd Ȕd lc h cxpcrdecgth scxuhid
thtch. Jahrtc lcvrcec, çg kurui vàrstcd lc trcd hgd, jctdȝcic trc
ùdc sď jdc dgjarehtc lcsprc hghtaedh scxuiud iar. C gcocshr oh
cic sď Ȕtdc oď hu ug vhfdg, ug utcr, avhrc. Oď hocstch ldg ureď,
alhtď hkugsc ih ehturdthtc, ic var pcredtc sď pahrtc, ih ràglui
iar, a vdhȝď, lhr oď, çg ardoc ohz, scxui iar c jďout sď prdechsoď
pcgdsui Ȕd sď oagjdrec hstjci oaepicecgthrdthtch ldgtrc jced

gdg Ȕd ehsouidg. Eď ceaȝdagchzď ecrcu oàgl ic vďl pc jddoc

ic oidcgtciar ecic vcgdgl ih edgc pcgtru oagsuithȝdc. Hocstc

jcecd tdgcrc var`cso id`cr. Cic sugt rhr dgjarehtc çg prdvdgȝh
ealuiud çg ohrc scxuhidthtch s-h dgsthiht ih eheh iar Ȕd tat gu
zgcso sď a çgtrc`c oue a cxprdeď. Lhr tdgcrcic Ȕtdu oď
çglrďzgcso
çglrď
hocstc dgjarehȝdd sugt gcocshrc. Sgh ldgtrc cic ed-h lcoihrht
rcjcrdtar ih hocst su`dcot; ‗@dgcçgȝcics oď cstc departhgt! C sdg
furui eal lc h çgȝcicfc oď hvce id`crthtch lc h praoclh ehd
`dgc oh ehecic gahstrc." Jctcic hocstch gu sc sdet gdod ruȔd
ghtc, gdod vdgavhtc sď var`chsoď lcsprc cxpcrdcgȝh iar. Cic Ȕtdu
oď a rcihȝdc scxuhiď trcùdc dgtcrecldhtď prdg var`drc, oď trc
ùdc oagstrudtď, oď c ocvh ohrc sc çgvhȝď. Ouràgl, jcecdic ohrc
var vcgd ih oagsuithȝddic gahstrc var jd ldgtrc hocich hic oďrar
ehec Ȕd ùgdod var jd ougasout lckh oagtrhocpȝdh. ^cgtru fc
gcrhȝdh ech çgsď, oagtrhocpȝdh, lcsprc ohrc sc prcsupugch oď
ic vh pcredtc
lczvďiudt ehd jcecdiar sď-Ȕd iugf
hics lrueui trďdhsoď pc lcpidg
pc ohrc çi ehd scxuhidthtch,
hu hocstch lc
h
phrours pcgtru h sc hreagdzh ou oarpui iar. Ehkardthtch jcec
diar gu ougaso gdedo lcsprc occh oc pahtc çgscegh fcstdagh
rch piďocrdd çg vdhȝh jcecdd.
80>
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
Fcgchiafdc Ȕd scxuhidthtc
“ Lc oc ghturď sugt ldjdouitďȝdic ohrc ic çepdcldoď pc jcecd
sď prajdtc lc gauh iar id`crthtc pc pihg scxuhi1
“ Zdzdugch gahstrď hsuprh iuedd h jast orchtď lc fcgcrh
ȝddic hgtcrdahrc, Ȕd galurdic, a`sthoaicic ohrc sc rdldoď gcçgoc
tht çgtr
çgtrcc jcecd Ȕd lardgȝh hocstarh çȔd hu çgtatlchugh ardfdgch
çg occh oc h jast shu gu h jast eheh iar. Ocgturh lc ohstdthtc
trhgsedsď lc fcgcrhȝddic hgtcrdahrc çȔd jhoc sdeȝdtď prczcgȝh. C
a lurcrc dgsuparth`diď pcgtru cic sď oagȔtdcgtdzczc oď eheh
iar lrhfď gu ic-h trhgseds jhptui oď hr putch jd jcrdodtc pcgtru
occh oc sugt, hldoď jcecd. Lhr oue hr jd putut ehecic iar sď
ic trhgsedtď occh oc cic çgscic gu Ȕtdhu1 H-ȝd piďoch sď jhod lrh
fastc çgschegď h jd ohph`diď sď tc pihod pc tdgc çgsďȝd, h tc du`d
çg ohidthtch th lc jcecdc, h jd euiȝuedtď lc occh oc cȔtd. _ď gu
udtďe oď fcgui jcedgdg h jast a vrcec oh Ȕd çgfrapht. çghdgt
çghdgtcc
lc 8380, sc oagsdlcrh oď jcecdh gu hrc sujict Ȕd h`dh çgocpàgl
ldg 84<3, alhtď ou lrcptui lc vat, ch h lcvcgdt, çg Jrhgȝh, a
octďȝchgď ou lrcpturd lcpidgc. çg occh oc-8 prdvcȔtc pc Jrcul,
hocsth h prdvdt jcecdh Ȕd scxuhidthtch cd oh pc ug ‗oagtdgcgt gc
fru". Ldg jcrdodrc, h cxdstht Ȕd Jrhgæadsc Laita. çg Ics ävhgfdics
psyobhghiyscc8>8 , ch sordc, rcjcrdtar ih ue`rh
ct ih jad hu rdsquc lc ih psyobhghiys
iud Luegczcu ohrc a jcouglchzď pc Ehrdh, oď, pcgtru jcecdc,
ue`rh iud Luegczcu gu cstc hitocvh lcoàt lardgȝh `ďr`htuiud
pc ohrc-8 du`cȔtc. Ou hitc ouvdgtc, oď, pcgtru jcecdc, Luegc
zcu trcoc
çgoàg scxuiscxui
thrc prdg
çgoàgthrc `ďr`htuiud
`ďr`htu
ehsouidg çg iud du`dt.
vhfdg Ȕd hLhr h prded
gc lďrud ardoàgl
ociud ou
pc ohrc
çi du`de Ȕd ehfdcd ocruiud ohrc gc strď`htc depidoď a rcvaiuȝdc
scrdahsď çg prdvdgȝh iuorurdiar trďdtc lc ehecic Ȕd lc ùgdodic
gahstrc!
8>8Jrhgæadsc Laita, Färhrl _ävärdg, Ics ävhgfdics ct ih jad hu rdsquc lc ih psyobh -

ghiysc, Fhiidehrl, 844:. ^rdeh cldȝdc h hocstcd oďrȝd h hpďrut çg 8466, su`tdtiui;
psyobhghiysc,, ih _cudi (K.-^. Lcihfc Cldtcur), (g.h.)
I'ävhgfdic hu rdsquc lc ih psyobhghiysc
808

Lcodzdh oď gu cstc çgoď eaecgtui sď hd`ď oapdd Ȕd putcrch
lc h lcsoapcrd pc lcpidg çgtàigdrch ohrghiď ic pcredtc `ďr`h
ȝdiar Ȕd jcecdiar sď sc struoturczc oh hluiȝd. H lcvcgd hluit
çgschegď h gu ehd trďd pc ar`dth ociar ohrc gc-hu oagstrudt,
çgschegď h lcvcgd `ďr`
`ďr`ht
ht shu jcecdc çghd
çghdgtc
gtc lc h jd thtď ard
eheď. Ard, hledgdstrhrch pdiuicd gu ic trhgsjareď çg eal ed
rhouias pc hlaicsocgtc çg jcecd. ^cgtru oď, çg fcgcrhi, gdod eď
ohr gu-Ȕd lhu scheh oď çȔd dgvcstcso dlcgtdthtch çg ehtcrgdthtc
Ȕd gu çg jcedgdthtc, ehkardthtch jcecdiar gu çgȝcicf gdodlcoue
lc oc oagtrhocpȝdh hluoc ou ch htàtch dgoagvcgdcgtc. Ocic ehd
euitc ldgtrc cic sugt urehȔc hic ugar ehec ohrc gu var`chu
gdedo lcsprc scxuhidthtc. ^rdg urehrc, scxui iar gu cstc lciao
ea`didzht çg hochstď hvcgturď h ugdugdd ohrghic. \uiùrďrdic
oagtrhocpȝdcd sugt tuiùrďrd dgcrcgtc çg ohzui ugcd scxuhidtďȝd
ohrc çgochroď sď sc cxprdec, lhr ohrc sc çepdc
çepdcldoď
ldoď çgoď lc gu
ecrahsc a`sthoaic. Oagjrugtàglu-eď çg ecscrdh ech, lc ehd
`dgc lc ug sjcrt lc scoai, ou hocst oartcfdu lc piàgfcrd, lc gc
iďeurdrd Ȕd lc jurdd jcedgdgc, ed-he spus htugod oď lcȔd oag
trhocpȝdh h jast dgvcgthtď pcgtru h jhoc vdhȝh ehd uȔahrď, ch lc
jhpt a oaepidoď. Houe he tcgldgȝh sď-ed spug; ‗Oàt lc euit
gc dh sď cvaiuďe!" çg jhȝh scxuhidtďȝdd iar, jcecdic sugt idpsdtc
lc edkiahoc, lc ug fbdl lc utdidzhrc= sugt pdcrlutc çgtrc lauď
iued, och hpusď, h ehecd iar, Ȕd och pc ohrc gu rcuȔcso çgoď sď
a orcczc. Ih çgocput, gu putche sď-ed cxpido oue lc pat jd çg
lrďfastdtc Ȕd tatuȔd sď gu hd`ď arfhse Ȕd sď gu çgȝcichfď gdedo.
^sdbhghidzh e-h hkutht sď eď iďeurcso. Lcstui lc rhpdl,
he çgȝcics oď hocstc tuiùrďrd crhu cxprcsdh çgobdlcrdd çg sdgc
ohrc oagtdguh sď ic çepdcldoc pc jcecd sď hspdrc ih oaeugdoh
rch ou ociďihit prdg sdepih edkiaodrc h piďocrdd. çgtatlchugh c
frcu sď rcuȔcȔtd hsth ehd `dg
`dgcc oh eheh th! Ardoc gauthtc trc
ùdc sď jdc oagstrudtď, sď ohpctc jareď. îďocrch scxuhiď gu s-h
frhvht çgoď çg ociuicic jcecdd ealcec, hȔh oue s-hu çgsords
pra`h`di scgtdecgtcic Ȕd lardgȝh. Sgh cstc gcocsdthtch lc h gc
800
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
trďd scxuhidthtch çg id`crthtc Ȕd çgtr-a ehgdcrď dgavhtahrc Ȕd hith
c sď rcuȔde hocst iuoru, pcgtru oď hr prcsupugc oagtcsthrch
ugcd eaȔtcgdrd lc ruȔdgc Ȕd lc tďocrc, occh oc gu sc pahtc jhoc
jďrď a eugoď scrdahsď hsuprh praprdcd pcrsahgc.
Jcedgdseui ic-h pcreds jcecdiar sď hoochlď ih oagldȝdh
uehgď. Lhtardtď iud, tdglce oďtrc rcougahȔtcrch cfhidtďȝdd sa
odhic. çg sobde`, jcedgdseui gu çglchegçglchegďď ih gdoda rcjicoȝdc
hsuprh jcedgdtďȝdd. Gu hocsth crh ȝciui sďu, pcgtru oď, çghdgt
çghdgtcc
lc h gc ldjcrcgȝdh, trcùdc sď cxdstďe. çg ardoc ohz, praìceh
rhpartďrdd jcecdd ih `ďr
`ďr`ht
`ht s-h pus, lc ocic ehd euitc ard, çg
tcrecgd lc rdvhidthtc Ȕd gu lc iuoru hsuprh praprdcd pcrsahgc.
çgoď ehd prdecso zdigdo ih oagsuithȝdc jcecd oďrarh ic cstc
jahrtc ldjdodi sď-Ȕd rcougahsoď dfgarhgȝh çg occh oc prdvcȔtc
praprdh jcedgdthtc. Cic çȔd oagsdlcrď jcedgdthtch lckh la`àg
ldtď shu depidodtď, ou tahtc oď gu a rhpartchzď gdod ih piďoc
rch scxuhiď, gdod ih prdedrch scxuiud ehsouidg. Occh oc jhoc
oh, çgtr-ug jci shu hitui, hocstc jcecd sď jdc çg oagtdguhrc gc
shtdsjďoutc Ȕd sď gu pahtď ocic`rh edstcrui vdcȝdd çeprcugď ou
`ďr`hȝdd.d. Oàgl sugt jrdfdlc, cic ic pat jhoc vdhȝh dgjcrghiď saȝd
`ďr`hȝd
iar, jďrď sď sc fàglchsoď oď pat hvch cic çgscic a vdgď. Occh oc,
lc hitjci, gu cstc tathiecgtc jhis. Hochstď gaȝdugc lc piďocrc
gu ic-h jast trhgsedsď shu h jast lcgdfrhtď, dgtcrzdsď. çg hstjci
lc sdtuhȝdd, lcsoapcrde oď, çg ugui ldg lauď ohzurd, eheh Ȕd
ùgdodic
ùgdod ic hocstar jcecd gu du`chu `ďr`hȝdd. çȔd du`chu oapddd, th
ȝdd, jrhȝdd Ȕd surardic Ȕd hitc hitcr cfa-urd, lhr gu `ďr`hȝdd. Hocsth
cstc ‗ecshkui" pc ohrc i-hu trhgseds, çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt, jddocd
iar. Sg ecshk pc ohrc thȝdd, oh sď-Ȕd pahtď pďstrh jhth pcgtru
cd, gu i-hu oagtcstht. Fcgchiafdh rcprczdgtď hȔhlhr ug dgstru
ecgt dgldspcgsh`di pcgtru h ic hkuth sď dhsď ldg dzaihrch iar.
“ Cvaohȝd raiui thȝdiar Ȕd rcspagsh`didthtch hocstarh çg
çgobdlcrch çg sdgc h jctciar. _dtuhȝdh cstc çg oagtdguhrc hocchȔd1
“ _c prcsupugc oď thȝdd ehgdjcstď lardgȝď jhȝď lc saȝdh iar
Ȕd vhiardzchzď ohidthtch lc vddtahrc jcecdc h jddocd. Cd sugt a

80?

vcrdfď dgldspcgsh`diď ohrc çd pcredtc jddocd sď sc lcthȔczc lc
eheď. Lhr thȝdd thȝdiar gaȔtrd pravaohu tcheď Ȕd gu var`chu,
hȔh oď euiȝd ldgtrc thȝdd lc hstďzd sugt çgoď jahrtc phsdvd, gch-
tcgȝd shu lc-h lrcptui tdrhgdod Ȕd dgtaicrhgȝd.
Ecldodgh obdgczď
“ _ugtcȝd Ȕd ecldo houpugotar. Oc v-h jďout sď hicfcȝd

hochstď hrtď trhldȝdaghiď1
“ Houpugoturh çed cstc ug hkutar prcȝdas. Ecldodgh obdgc
zď vdzchzď rcfihrch ugcd cgcrfdd, o/dd-ui (shu Xd), ohrc cstc, çg
hocihȔd tdep, cgcrfdh oarpuiud Ȕd h spdrdtuiud. Obd-Ydi rcprczdgtď
cgcrfdh puisdugdiar vdcȝdd lcsprc ohrc var`cso Jrcul Ȕd psdbh
ghidzh. ^rdgtrc hocstc puisdugd sc gueďrď ocic hjcotdvc Ȕd scxu
hic. _ugt puisdugd lc frhgdȝď, dgtcrecldhrc çgtrc oarp Ȕd spdrdt.
Dg ecldodgh obdgczď, praìcecic scxuhic hic jcecdiar sugt çg
jďȝdȔhtc oh a ohrcgȝď lc odrouihȝdc cgcrfctdoď. Oci ehd hlcsch,
c var`h lcsprc a idpsď lc hreagdc, a ldsaodcrc çgtrc phrtch su
pcrdahrď h oarpuiud Ȕd och dgjcrdahrď, cgcrfdh odrouiàgl ou jiud
ldthtc çg kueďthtch lc sus h oarpuiud, çg vrcec oc, lc ih `ràu
çg kas, ch cstc ìaohtď shu dgsujdodcgtď. Ldg hochstď ohuzď, pcr
sahgh rcspcotdvď hrc jdc a ùrtď rcoc, jdc a ùrtď suprhçgoďr
ohtď, `hiaghtď, sphseatdoď, jcscic Ȕd tďipdic rcod, Ȕd pdodahrcic
ehd euit shu ehd puȝdg uejihtc. Ecldodgh obdgczď cstc jahrtc
cjdodcgtď ih hocst gdvci. Ch gu guehd oď pcredtc rcea`didzhrch
cgcrfddiar sthfghgtc, od, çg pius, ic hàrlchzď çg ldecgsdugch
iar trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď, oagsdlcràgl oď tuiùrďrdic jugoȝdcd sc
xuhic sugt pravaohtc, çg fcgcrhi, lc Mwcd, hocic jhgtaec ohrc,
zdghtc pc pcrdahlh tahegcd, rchphr prdeďvhrh. çg ec
çgehfhzdghtc
çgehfh
ldodgh obdgczď, prdeďvhrh c prdvdtď gu lahr oh ug hgatdep, od
oh a ea`didzhrc h jddgȝcd. Dhr prdeďv hrh oarpuiud cstc taoehd sc
prdeďvhrh
xuhidthtch. Occh oc çepdcldoď id`crh odrouihȝdc h cgcrfddiar
xuhic pravdgc çgtatlchugh ldgtr-a a`struoȝdc ohuzhtď lc occh sc 
80<
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
oc h jast trhgseds pc ohic ehtcrgď. Gu lcfch`h, ih obdgczd, pc-
rdgcui, hocst euȔobd lc `hzď hi arfhgciar scxuhic ohrc cstc de
pidoht çg rcihȝddic cratdoc, cstc guedt ‗euȔobdui strďeaȔdiar".
Houpugoturh oagsdlcrď oď scxuhidthtch rcprczdgtď ugui ldgtrc
prdgodphicic rcecldd. ^cgtru vcobdd obdgczd çgsď, scxuhidthtch
jďoch phrtc ldg dfdcgh ecgthiď, çg vrcec oc gad a saoatde, çg
oci ehd ùg ohz, a hgcxď h dfdcgcd oarparhic. çg ouiturh gahs
trď, çg ohrc tatui cstc rhpartht ih oarp, udedtar lc euitc jcecd
Ȕd lc euiȝd `ďr`hȝd gdod eďohr gu Ȕtdu sď dgvcstchsoď çg scx ih
gdvci ecgthi. Dg prhotdoď, trcùdc hkuthȝd ehd çgtàd sď çgl
çglrďz
rďz
gchsoď s-a jhoď, pcgtru h sc lc`hrhsh lc dgbd`dȝdd.
_ď eď cxpido; h jd dgbd`ht çgschegď h jd dgldspagd`di. Zcobdd
obdgczd lcjdgchu ldspagd`didthtch ugud dgldvdl prdg gaȝdugch
lc vdl. Zdlui gu cstc a h`scgȝď, od çgschegď h jhoc iao. ^cgtru
oh gauthtch sď sc praluoď, trcùdc sď d sc jhoď iao. Ldspagd`d
idthtch cstc dgldspcgsh`diď oaeugdoďrdd Ȕd dgspdrhȝdcd. Ch cstc
oagldȝdh gcocshrď hphrdȝdcd gauiud. Lhoď d-hd çgordptht çg tdgc pc
thtďi tďu Ȕd pc eheh th, Ȕd cd aoupď çgtrcfui sphȝdu, htugod gu
paȝd jd ldspagd`diď pcgtru ug `ďr`ht. Hsth çgschegď vdlui. Gu
paȝd hlďufh hpď çgtr
çgtr-ug
-ug urodar lckh pidg. C var`h lcsprc ea
lui çg ohrc çȝd pďrďscȔtd pďrdgȝdd oh sď paȝd jd ldspagd`diď pcgtru
hitocvh. \rcùdc sď Ȕtdd sď rcgugȝd ih iuorurdic ohrc, rhparthtc ih
a pcrdahlď hgtcrdahrď, hu hvut utdidthtch iar, lhr ohrc, çg pcr
spcotdvh vddtaruiud, oagstdtudc ug `hihst; ug ‗prchpidg".
^cgtru obdgczd, prchpidgui rcprczdgtď oci ldgtàd a`sthoai çg
ohich ldghedseuiud pcrsaghi. çg oarp, hocsth pahtc oďpďth jar
ec euitdpic. ûtce jd pidgc lc hcr, pidgc lc uedldthtc shu
prch frhsc= putce sď jhoce clcec, sď sujcrde lc `hiagďrd, lc
vďrsďturd, lc lurcrd lc ohp... \ahtc hocstch sugt jarec lc su
prhçgoďrohrc ohuzhtc lc ug prchpid
prchpidgg ohrc ìaobchzď shu çgoctd
gcȔtc odrouihȝdh cgcrfdcd.
“ Lc oc ehtcrgď1
eaȔtcgdrch spugcȝd oď hochstď suprhçgoďrohrc hrc lrcpt ohuzď
803

“ ^cgtru oď scxuhidthtch ugcd jcecd sc ealcichzď lupď
och h ehecd Ȕd h ùgdodiar cd Ȕd pcgtru oď sdeptaecic ohrc
ehrobchzď scxuhidthtch sc rcpctď lc ih a fcgcrhȝdc ih hith. Dhtď
ug cxcepiu çg hocst scgs; Lahegh @., çg vàrstď lc <3 lc hgd,
çed saidodtď a oagsuithȝdc pcgtru h prded a h lauh apdgdc rcjc
rdtahrc ih gcocsdthtch ugcd bdstcrcotaedd çg ohzui jd`raeuiud lc
ohrc sujcrď. Cxhecgui oidgdo hrhtď oď utcrui gu cstc prch eďrdt,
lhr jcecdh sàgfcrchzď euit. ^c lc hitď phrtc, d sc rcoaehglh
sc sď ureczc ug trhthecgt bareaghi ohrc çd sparch sàgfcrď-
rdic. ûgàglu-d çgtrc`ďrd, hjiu oď lahegh @. cstc och ehd edoď
ldgtrc ocd trcd jrhȝd hd jhedidcd. Eheh cd sujcrdsc a bdstcrcota-
edc ih phtruzcod Ȕd odgod lc hgd, dhr ùgdoh cd ehtcrgď eurdsc
ih ghȔtcrch ociud lc-hi trcdich oapdi. Lahegh @. cstc surprdgsď
sď lcsoapcrc hochstď rcpctdȝdc. çd cxpido oď sàgfcrďrdic shic sugt
pravaohtc lc ug utcr trhuehtdzht ohrc, ldg hochstď ohuzď, cstc
htagdo Ȕd pc ohrc i-h eaȔtcgdt oh hthrc lc ih eheh Ȕd lc ih ù
gdoh cd. çd prapug sď-Ȕd ea`didzczc cgcrfdh ih gdvciui pcivdsu-
iud prdg houpugoturď. _àgfcrďrdic sc aprcso Ȕd dgtcrvcgȝdh cstc
cvdthtď. Hstjci lc ohzurd sugt cxtrce lc jrcovcgtc. _c çgtàepiď
lcs oh a jcecdc sď hd`ď ug jd`rae ih hocchȔd vàrstď oh eheh cd
shu sď sujcrc a lcprcsdc ih hocchȔd vàrstď oh hochsth. _depta
ecic praorcďrdd, ocroihkui utcrdg shu ghȔtcrch ldjdodiď, shrodgh
cxtrhutcrdgď shu hvartui rcprczdgtď, Ȕd cic, jahrtc hlcsch, rcpc
thrch ugud trhuec sujcrdtc lc eheď shu lc ùgdoď.
“ Lhr oue pahtc cxdsth jcedgdthtch çg hocstc oagldȝdd1
“ Htugod oàgl scxuhidthtch gu cstc çgtdpďr dtď çg oarp çg
çgtdpďrdtď
schegď oď ch gu h jast trhgsedsď. _cxuhidthtch sc pahtc çgtd
pďrd lahr lhoď gc pazdȝdagďe ldjcrdt. Lhoď vae oagtdguh sď
jde jddocic du`dtc shu lctcsthtc hic eheciar gahstrc ard hic th
ȝdiar gaȔtrd, gu vae putch jd gdodalhtď hitocvh lcoàt jddoc. ^rdg
urehrc, trcùdc sď gc rcoagstrude Ȕd hocsth cstc eatdvui pcg
tru ohrc ouiturh gahstrď h dgvcgtht psdbhghidzh Ȕd tahtc hocs
tc tcrhpdd gad. Lhoď sphȝdui jhedidhi çg ohrc he orcsout gu h
80:
Jcedgdg-ehtcrg
oagsdlcrht scxuhidthtch oh jďoàgl phrtc ldg vdhȝď, lhoď scxu
hidthtch gu h cxdstht çg hocst sphȝdu, çg eal dgcvdth`di ch vh jd
ue`rdtď lc ruȔdgc, trďdtď çg scorct, ou scgtdecgtui lc vdgavď
ȝdc, çg depasd`didthtch lc h var`d lcsprc ch htugod oàgl cstc
tathi gcshtdsjďoďtahrc. HȔh sc oagstrudcso jctcic-jcecd. Jctc-
ic-jcecd hu a lardgȝď scxuhiď, lhr ociuicic iar gu sugt dgjar
ehtc çg hocst scgs.
A oidcgtď ed-h pavcstdt oď d-h pus thtďiud sďu çgtrc`ďrd icfh
tc vdhȝh iud scxuhiď, dhr hocsth d-h rďspugs; ‗Lc ehdoď-th trcù
dc sď eď raf euit pàgď sď sc ihsc oagvdgsď. HȔh h jast ecrcu
Ȕd ih jci sc çgtàepiď Ȕd houe. çg pius, c gcvadc gchpďrht lc a
psdbalrheď oh sď eď pahtď lard." Ar, taoehd hochsth crh sujc
rdgȝh oidcgtcd ecic. Ih jci oh eheh cd, hochsth hvch gcvadc lc
a ldsputď çg obdp lc prciuldu pcgtru lrhfastc. Crh oh a pahrtď
ohrc çd pcredtch sď-Ȕd sdetď lardgȝh, cid`cràgl-a tatalhtď lc
urh jhȝď lc `ďr`hȝd, trhgsedsď lc ùgdoh ehtcrgď. He iuorht
çeprcugď,, ih gdvci cgcrfctdo, pcgtru oh oidcgth ech sď-Ȕd pah
çeprcugď
tď sdeȝd edoui `hzdg vdu, jďrď h hvch gcvadc lc ‗cicotraȔaoui"
vcȔgdocd lrhec.
Jcecdic hic oďrar ehec hu jďout lrhfastc ou piďocrc sugt
jahrtc puȝdgc, dhr cic hjdreď; ‗çg prdvdgȝh hsth, g-he gdoda pra
ìceď
ìc eď."." Occh oc çgschegď oď a eheď oďrcdh çd jhoc piďocrc
sď jhoď lrhfastc trhgsedtc hutaeht hocst iuoru urehȔcd shic.
Obdhr lhoď gu var`cȔtc gdodalhtď lcsprc hsth.
Fcgasaodafrheh, ug dgstruecgt gcocshr
‗Oàgl iuorurdic lc ohrc sujcrď ic çepdcldoď sď sc rchidzczc çg

vdhȝď hȔh oue çȔd larcso, oàgl hu ecrcu lurcrd lc ùrtď, oàgl
gu fďscso ug `ďr`ht ohrc sď ic jdc hiďturd shu oàgl gu rcuȔcso
sď oagochpď ug oapdi, htugod ic çglceg sď-Ȕd jhoď fcgasaoda-

frheh. Occh oc eď udecȔtc oci ehd euit ih hocst tdp lc hghid
zď cstc oď, lcȔd gu cstc jahrtc ldjdodi lc rchidzht, c çgtàep
çgtàepdght
dght
806
çgtatlchug h ou ehrd rctdocgȝc Ȕd ceaȝdd, oh Ȕd oue pcrsahgh çg
çgtatlchugh
ohuzď hr ehgdjcsth a vdfdicgȝď ghturhiď çg h-Ȕd pratckh jhedidh,
obdhr Ȕd htugod oàgl occh oc h eaȔtcgdt cstc h`saiut ohthstrajhi.
^c sourt, fcgasaodafrheh cstc hscecgch ugud rdtuhi lc scphrh
rc.
rhpdl çglhtď
çglh
Lc iaoui tďohrc
oc gc oagstrude
gc-h hràrcic
jast htrdùdt fcgchiafdo,
çg jhedidc lcsoapcrde
Ȕd, alhtď ou hocs
th, rdsourdic ih ohrc sugtce cxpuȔd. Cstc a ectalď jahrtc cjdoh
oc, pcgtru oď cxdstď tat jciui lc tuiùrďrd fdgcoaiafdoc ohrc gu
pat jd çgȝcicsc lcoàt prdg dgtcrprcthrch iar çg oagtcxtui oagtd
gudtďȝdd jcecdiar ldg jhedidc, hocich ou ohrc gc-he oagstrudt.
C departhgt sď a`scrvďe ealui çg ohrc s-hu oaepartht eh
ecic, ùgdodic Ȕd strďùgdodic gahstrc, oue Ȕd-hu trďdt cic vdhȝh
lc jcecdc Ȕd vdhȝh lc eheď. çgȝcicfcrch hràrciud fcgchiafdo
ajcrď a tcecidc, a hgoarhrc, ug saoiu. Jcecdic lcsoapcrď çg ci
cgcrfddic lc ghturď ocicstď ou ohrc hu jast oagocputc, iuorurdic,
htàt ùgc oàt Ȕd rcic, pc ohrc ic eaȔtcgcso lc ih eheh Ȕd lc ih
çghdgthȔcic
çghdgt hȔcic iar. Cstc a oagsththrc h rchidtďȝdd, a oagȔtdcgtdzhrc
ohrc ic oagjcrď putcrc, dgldjcrcgt ohrc hr jd socghrdui, pcgtru
oď hochstď dstardc ic-h oagstrudt pc cic Ȕd pcgtru oď sugt vdd."
802
FrcȔcidic thtdiar
3 4
^sdbhghidzh Ȕd thtďi
^sdbhghidzh hoarlď ug iao jahrtc departhgt thtďiud. ^cgtru

Jrcul, thtďi çgschegď, çg prdeui ràgl, iaoui uglc sc jarech
zď dlchiurdic ou ohrc oapdiui orcȔtc Ȕd çȔd oagstrudcȔtc ih gdvci
ecgthi vddtarui. ^cgtru Ihohg, cstc iaoui prdg ohrc hphrc psd
bazh, htugod oàgl jugoȝdh iud ‗sdeàidoď" gu c rcougasoutď çg
ohlrui jhedidcd. ‗Lhr oc hguec çgȝcicf Ihohg Ȕd psdbhghidzh
prdg «jugoȝdh sdeàidoď½ h thtďiud8>01", i-he çgtrc`ht ih ug ea
ecgt lht pc Ldldcr Luehs.
“ _deàidstdoh sc rcjcrď ih jhptui oď sugtce jddgȝc hic ide
`hkuiud Ȕd oď ide`hkui cstc sdgfurui iuoru ohrc gc ldjcrcgȝdhzď
lc ocicihitc ehedjcrc. Dg pihg prhotdo çgsď, thtďi pus çg cvdlcg
ȝď lc Jrcul, hpad lc Ihohg, cstc ug thtď scvcr Ȕd, ih hocst gdvci,

psdbhghidzh h oaeds a crahrc frhvď. Oc hitocvh çgschegď, lc

jhpt, ug thtď ohrc eàgudcȔtc `ďȝui lhoď gu ugui ohrc çd dgtcr
zdoc oapdiuiud sď sc struoturczc çg ci1 Ldsoursui psdbhghidtdo
rcjcrdtar ih hutardthtc Ȕd ih ohstrhrc h stàgkcgdt cgare, orcl cu,
ealui `ďr`hȝdiar lc h jd thȝd. Cd hu rcȝdgut ldg hocsth jhptui oď
ug thtď cstc ug `ďtďuȔ, ug khglhre shu ug pclhfaf. Sg hstjci
lc ealci çd lctcredgď sď çȔd oapdczc pďrdgȝdd çgtr-a cluohȝdc

Oj. Gdgh Ohghuit, ‗^ârc, quci cst ic àg ealc l'cepiad1". Id`ärhtdag, 88 ao-
8>0
tae`rdc 844<. (g.h.)
804

`hzhtď pc lrcshk, oh Ȕd oue oapdiui hr jd ug hgdehi shu ug edo
pcrvcrs ohrc hr hvch çg ohp a sdgfurď dlcc, Ȕd hguec sď-Ȕd sc
luoď eheh Ȕd sď-d cidedgc pc cd. Occh oc hrc lrcpt oagscodg
ȝď, patrdvdt iud Ihohg Ȕd oh sď-8 phraldce, pcrsdstcgȝh ‗thtďiud
scvcr" lc ih a fcgcrhȝdc ih hith. H jd thtď çgschegď, çghdg
çghdgtc
tc lc
tahtc, h-8 oapdh pc hi gastru, h rcpcth occh oc h jďout ci shu oc
g-h jďout ou gad. \htďi cstc a jugoȝdc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď, lhr
gdod Jrcul, gdod Ihohg gu putchu vclch iuorurdic çg jciui hocs
th, pcgtru oď cd pastuihscrď, ldg sthrt, ug dgoagȔtdcgt oagsdlc
rht oh jddgl dgldvdluhi.
^cgtru h çgȝcicfc oc hguec cstc jugoȝdh phtcrgď, trcùdc sď
a dlcgtdjdoďe hoaia uglc ch cstc lcjdodthrď, çg ohlrui oidgdo hi
psdbazciar oapdiuiud. Ihohg cstc prdeui psdbhghidst ohrc h hsa
odht psdbazh ou dgsujdodcgȝh jugoȝdcd phtcrgc. çghdgt
çghdgtcc lc ci, psd
bazh crh çgtatlchugh oagsdlcrhtď lrcpt a praìceď ehtcrgď.
\atuȔd, Jrhgæadsc Laita h jast prdeh ohrc h lcsoapcrdt oď psd
bazh oapdiuiud c icfhtď lc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghi, sdtuàgl ardfdgch
cd çg rcihȝdh ehecd ou praprdh eheď.
Ldldcr Luehs cstc, ci çgsuȔd, thtďi h lad `ďdcȝd. çg eaecg

tui çg ohrc hrc iao hocst dgtcrvdu, ci taoehd tcredgď a ohrtc çg
ohrc lcsordc ldvcrsc prajdiurd lc thȝd, pargdgl lc ih dstarddic
ugar `ďr`hȝd, jcecd Ȕd oapdd ou ohrc s-h oagjrugtht çg cxpcrd
cgȝh sh oidgdoď. Luehs zufrďvcȔtc hstjci ug thìau hi jugoȝdcd
phtcrgc çg Aoodlcgt, hi ohrcgȝciar oàt Ȕd hi htuurdiar hocstcdh,
soapui iud jddgl hocih lc h ic ajcrd thȝdiar edkiahocic lc ‗h sc ù
ourh sď a`scrvc oue sc oagstrudcso oapddd iar çeprcugď ou cd".
Lupď pďrcrch iud, phtaiafddic icfhtc lc ohrcgȝh jugoȝdcd phtcr
gc sugt ‗phtaiafdd
ldecgsdugd hic lcsocglcgȝcd".
trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghic Iuhrch çg
h phtcrgdtďȝdd ih hrcoagsd
ohioui
aìdfď hocstcd
lcrhrch jugoȝdcd phtcrgc, hȔh oue h jast ch lcjdgdtď pàgď houe
lc phtrdhrbht. \htďi oďrudh Ldldcr Luehs çd sobdȝchzď partrctui
cstc, lc jhpt, dlcgtdo ou oci pc ohrc Ih lcsoapcrdt çg Fcgczď.
8?>
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
Sg tcxt htàt lc lcghturht lc @dscrdodic eagatcdstc çgoà
çgoàtt ecsh
kui iud h jast lht udtďrdd tdep lc scoaic çgtrcfd.
“ Htrdùdȝd guecrahsc vdrtuȝd jugoȝdcd phtcrgc çg ohlrui jh

edidcd. Lc oc hochstď dgsdstcgȝď çg h hpďrh a jugoȝdc ohrc pdcr
lc tat ehd euit tcrcg çg saodcthtch gahstrď, lupď oc h jast ugh
ldgtrc pdcscic ocgtrhic çg arfhgdzhrch dcrhrbdoď h hutardtďȝdd Ȕd
h jhedidcd1 Gu orclcȝd oď cȔcoui phtrdhrbhtuiud cstc ug iuoru
ùg1
“ Oagstht zdigdo prckuldoddic pc ohrc ic pravahoď oidcgȝdiar
ecd hochstď cstaephrc h thȝdiar. Dhr oàgl lcsobdl zdhrcic, çed
shr çg aobd oagscodgȝcic saoda-paidtdoc hic sdtuhȝdcd çg sdgc. Oc
hitocvh cstc lcidgovcgȝh ohrc cxpialchzď çg ohrtdcrcic eďrfd
ghȔc lhoď gu a h`scgȝď h thtďiud1 Jhptui - prdvdicfdht çg zdicic
gahstrc lc icfc Ȕd lc ecldodgď - lc h hoocpth ug oapdi jďrď thtď
cstc h`saiut lrhehtdo pcgtru psdbdoui uehg. çgtr-a cpaoď çg
ohrc euitc jcecd vdschzď sď jhoď ug oapdi sdgfurc, gdecgd gu
ic spugc oď hochsth çgschegď h lcsobdlc, ihrfd, parȝdic dgjcr
guiud. Oàgl hphrc oapdiui, cic gu rcuȔcso sď jhoď jhȝď sdtuhȝdcd
lcoàt çgiaoudglu-8 pc thtď ou tcrhpcuȝdd ou ohrc ldsoutď lcsprc
ci, occh oc gu rczaivď iuorurdic lcoàt pc kueďthtc. çg pius, cstc
jahrtc oastdsdtar. ^cgtru oapdiui jďrď thtď, eheh cstc, çg hoc
ihȔd tdep, ug stďpàg Ȕd ug soihv. _dtuhȝdh cstc jďrď dcȔdrc. Lhoď
ug oapdi cstc orcsout guehd lc eheď, ci gu vh hvch ih oc sď
sc rhpartczc. C pus çg pazdȝdh lc rcfhidthtc pc tahtď lurhth oa
pdiďrdcd shic. Lhr çg eaecgtui çg ohrc dgtcrvdg trhgsjareďrdic
`daiaf doc Ȕd psdbdoc hic hlaicsocgȝcd, sdtuhȝdh ohpďtď ug lrh
`daiafdoc
ehtdse dgsuparth`di. Oàgl oapdiui Ȕd eheh rcprczdgtď tatui
ugui pcgtru çg
tr-a lrheď. ealscphrhrch
hitui, phrhlaxhi, ehd cstc
gu lhoď icfchpasd`diď
htrdùdclcoàt prdg-
çgtàdcthtc
ehecd çg occh oc prdvcȔtc rcspagsh`didthtch oapdiuiud, cstc gc
ocshrď a hitď icfc ohrc sď ic lch oapddiar lrcptui lc h ldvarȝh
lc eheh iar. Ȓd dhtď-gc hkugȔd ih hsth!
8?8
8?8
_aodcthtch gahstrď - Ȕd hȔ spugc tahtc saodctďȝdic lczvaith

tc - sujcrď, çg hgsheìui cd, lc a ohrcgȝď spdrdtuhiď h oďrcd prd
eď ehgdjcsthrc cstc cxoiulcrch thȝdiar. Dgldvdlui, Ȕd ou htàt
ehd euit oapdiui, gu pahtc jd çgȝcics çg ldecgsdugch iud spcod
jdo uehgď oh a jddgȝď ou lrcpturd lcpidgc lhoď cstc oagsdlcrht
lahr oh ug pralus hi oarpuiud ehecd shic. @ďr`htui Ȕd jcec
dh trhgsedt, heàglad, htàt oarpui, oàt Ȕd spdrdtui. Oapdiui cstc
htàt pralusui spcrecd thtďiud sďu, oàt Ȕd hi fàglurdiar ou ohrc
eheh h prdedt hochstď sďeàgȝď. Lhr, çg tdep oc cxdstcgȝh oa
pdiuiud sc lhtarchzď, çg cfhiď eďsurď, utcruiud ehecd Ȕd la
rdgȝcd thtďiud, rcspagsh`didthtch pcgtru oagstruoȝdh iud ecgthiď
çd hphrȝdgc çg eal lcasc`dt thtďiud. ^cgtru oď gu-8 pahtc purth
çg pàgtcoc Ȕd gu hrc oue sď-D hȔtcptc lcoàt çg edgtc, thtďi cstc,
çg prdgodpdu, ehd `dgc pihsht pcgtru h-8 oagocpc pc oapdi oh
pralus hi sobdeùrdiar Ȕd hi trhgsedtcrdiar ecgthic. Oagstruo
ȝdh ecgthiď h oapdiuiud lcpdglc çg prdeui ràgl lc thtď Ȕd, çg
eal ourdas, ih jci sugt prczcgthtc iuorurdic Ȕd çg @dìdc, çgtr-ug
eal ehd pcrtdgcgt lcoàt a jho Jrcul Ȕd Ihohg.
Lhoď prdvde @dìdh çg oagtcxtui hgdedst Ȕd Ȕhehgdo çg ohrc
h jast sordsď, Fcgczh hphrc oh a iuorhrc supcr`ď lcsprc oag
struoȝdh psdbdseuiud uehg. Dhr çg @dìdc, jugoȝdh phtcrgď cstc
prczcgthtď lrcpt a jugoȝdc trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď, pargdgl lc ih
oagscodgȝcic jhptciar thȝdiar hsuprh urehȔdiar iar, lc-h iugfui
h trcd shu phtru fcgcrhȝdd. çg ohidthtc lc thtď, Ohdg sc hjiď ih
ardfdgch ociar ohrc pcrpctuchzď ordeh, rďzùghrch Ȕd dgtcfrds-
eui. _prc lcasc`drc lc ci, H`rhbhe cstc prdeui thtď ldgtr-a
suocsdugc lc fcgcrhȝdd lc `ďr`hȝd ohrc var lh ghȔtcrc paparu
iud hics. Jugoȝdh
c prczcgthtď occhdiustrhtď
phtcrgď,
oh jddgl htàt gcfhtdv,
oc oagstdtudc oàt saidldthtch
Ȕd ecgȝdgc Ȕd pazdtdv,
fcgcrhȝddiar, occh oc ràgludcȔtc suoocsdugch iar. Lhoď ug thtď
h jast `htkaoardt, urehȔdd sďd gu var hvch idgdȔtc pàgď oàgl gu
var rcphrh hochstď dgsuitď. çg eal dgcvdth`di, jdui çȔd vh rďzù
gh thtďi, pcgtru oď çi pahrtď çg ci. HȔhlhr, ardoc thtď gclrcptďȝdt
8?0
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
lc icfc shu lc hutardthtc praluoc, lauďzcod lc hgd ehd tàr
zdu, lczarldgc saodhiď, gcùgdc shu lcidgovcgȝď. \htďi cstc a
dgsthgȝď ohrc, çg Ȕd
ldgch, oagȔtddgȝh ohzui jddgȝcdIhaecgcȔtd,
agahrch. lctcredgď
hocst gdvci, oarcotdtu
cstc var`h lcsprc
a jugoȝdc ohrc sc oagstdtudc prdg suoocsdugch fcgcrhȝddiar, ldg
occh oc hu jast taȝd thȝdd ldg gche.
@dìdh cstc tcxtui jaglhtar hi ugud phtrdhrbht ohrc h jast,
oc-d lrcpt, pc oàt lc gcùgcso, pc htàt lc tdrhgdo. Lcod, pcg
tru h rďspuglc ih çgtrc`h
çgtrc`hrchrch luegchvahstrď, cu gu rcvcgldo
gdodlcoue vcobdui phtrdhrbht, ohrc s-h oagstrudt pc cxoiulcrch
jcedgdguiud Ȕd ohrc, ldg hochstď ohuzď, h jast lcasc`dt lc lds
trufďtar. Dg jagl, gu pahtc cxdsth thtď jďrď eheď, gdod eheď
jďrď thtď. _ugt lauď jugoȝdd dgldsaodh`dic Ȕd oaepicecgthrc.
Lhoď, çgtr-ug oupiu, jcecdh gu pahtc suparth shu pur Ȕd sde
piu gu cstc ùourahsď sď-Ȕd vhlď oapdiui dlcgtdjdoàglu-sc ou
hoci hitodgcvh lcoàt ch ohrc cstc thtďi iud, lhoď gu ehd cstc çg 
lrďfastdtď lc oci ou ohrc h jďout oapdiui, `ďr`htui rcspcotdv gdod
eďohr gu-Ȕd ehd pahtc lh scheh çg oc jci çd scheďgď oapdiui ih
gdvci ecgthi. ^cgtru oď, lc ocic ehd euitc ard, lhoď gu pahtc
oaeugdoh ou eheh çg hochstď prdvdgȝď, thtďi gu vclc oue sc
dlcgtdjdoď oci edo ou ci. Ehd frhv çgsď, eheh çi çepdcldoď pc
oapdi sď sc struoturczc ecgthi, hldoď sď sc pahtď fàgld pc sdgc
oh pcrsahgď hutagaeď, occh oc lcpdglc çg eal spcodjdo lc
dlcgtdjdohrch ou thtďi.
Aeui gu cxdstď lahr çg oarpui iud. Ci cxdstď, lc hscecgch,
çg ide`hk, çg struoturdic shic ecgthic, çg fàgldrch sh. ^cgtru
ci, hochstď jareď lc cxdstcgȝď oagtchzď ehd euit lcoàt oar
pui iud, jddgloď c ohph`di sď-Ȕd shordjdoc vdhȝh pcgtru dlcdic shic.
_c çepidgcs
çepidgcsoo ouràgl hprahpc trcdzcod lc hgd lc oàgl sc hluo
gcçgoctht ealdjdoďrd hic icfdd çg guecic lrcpturdiar oapdiuiud,
aedȝàglu-sc çgsď jhptui oď och ldgtàd gcocsdthtc h oapdiuiud
cstc lc h sc putch oagstrud. HȔhlhr, rďeàgc hotuhiď gcvadh
lc h Ȕtd oue Ȕd pc oc `hzď çȔd oagstrudcȔtc oapdiui struoturdic
8??

ecgthic. Ar, lhoď utcrui cstc ehtrdoch cxdstcgȝcd oarparhic,
guecic thtďiud cstc ehtrdoch cxdstcgȝcd ecgthic. Oàgl ug thtď
çd lď ugud oapdi guecic sďu, ci gu çglcpidgcȔtc hstjci lahr a
jarehidthtc, ug hot gcçgsceght. çg rchidthtc, thtďi çi prdecȔtc
pc oapdi çg sdstceui sďu psdbdo, pcgtru oh psdbdoui oapdiuiud sď
prdglď rďlďodgd. çd ajcrď ug iao pargdgl lc ih ohrc oapdiui çȔd
vh sth`did rcfuidic lc vdhȝď, earhih, dlchiurdic Ȕd trďdgdodh psd
bdoď. @ďr`htui sc prciugfcȔtc prdg urehȔdd iud ih jci lc euit oh
jcecdh. Ci sc rcpraluoc ecgthi prdg oapdiui iud, Ȕtddgl oď hocs
th çi vh çgiaoud oàglvh, pcgtru oď ci cstc eurdtar.
Oagstruoȝdh ecgthiď h oapdiuiud a rcjicotď pc och h oarpuiud
Ȕd sc rchidzchzď pargdgl lc ih ehtcrdhic psdbdoc prciuhtc ldg
cxtcrdar; ouvdgtcic Ȕd fàglurdic pďrdgȝdiar. Dlcgtdjdohrch cstc
ecohgdseui ohrc pcredtc hocst iuoru. Oapdiui lupidoď hstjci,
ldg psdbdoui pďrdgȝdiar, tat occh oc cstc gcocshr praprdcd shic
oagstruoȝdd Ȕd çgtrc`ďrdiar pc ohrc Ȕd ic pugc pc eďsurď oc orcȔ
tc. Lhoď eheh iud gu-d ajcrď ug thtď ou ohrc sď sc dlcgtdjdoc,
oapdiui rdsoď sď gu pahtď lcvcgd hitocvh lcoàt luìurh ehecd.
Occh oc-d pcredtc ugud oapdi sď lcvdgď ci çgsuȔd, sď çȔd oagtdguc
cvaiuȝdh, cstc pasd`didthtch lc h cxtrhfc ehtcrdhic psdbdoc oàgl
lc ih thtď, oàgl lc ih eheď, pcgtru h jd ohph`di sď oagtdguc
hochstď oďuthrc çg hjhrh jhedidcd iud, dlcgtdjdoàglu-sc ou taȝd
ahecgdd. Ih çgocput çgsď, hocst jhpt sc `hzchz
`hzchzďď pc lrcptui lc
h sc dlcgtdjdoh ou ug thtď.
Hochstď praìceď ic orcchzď çgtatlchugh ehrd ldjdouitďȝd
jcecdiar. Cic gu ic ocr gdodlcoue `ďr`hȝdi
`ďr`hȝdiar
ar sď jdc thȝd, od sď ic
hkutc sď jdc ehec. Ȓd, ih ureh urecd, ic ocr sď çȔd hsuec
putdgȝcic praprdcd iar ehec. Hochstď praìcehtdoď c prczcgtď gc 
çg hprahpc tahtc tcrhpddic jcecdiar. Htugod oàgl jho oapdd, cic

rcpctď oaeparthecgtui praprddiar ehec Ȕd gu rchidzchzď lc
iao oď occh oc ic ocr `ďr`hȝdiar çd çepdcldoď pc hocȔtdh oď jdc ou
hlcvďrht thȝd, hldoď ug hitodgcvh pcgtru oapdi, ug hit iao lc çg
rďlďodghrc çg hjhrh oarpuiud ehecd. Ȓd hȔh s-h hkugs hstďzd ih
8?<
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
sdtuhȝdh, h oďrcd frhvdthtc gu trcùdc su`cstdehtď, çg ohrc gu
eďrui jhediddiar eagaphrcgthic - ehec ohrc çȔd orcso sdgfu
rc oapdiui shu oapddd - htdgfc ug praocgt lc ?>%, jďrď h saoatd
jhptui oď ugui ldg lad oapdd (3:%)8>? gu çȔd ehd vclc thtďi lupď
ldvarȝui pďrdgȝdiar.
CȔcoui dstardo hi sthtutuiud phtcrg
“ Oc hguec orclcȝd oď h lus ih hochstď lcstdtudrc h thtďiud

ih ohrc hsdstďe pc phroursui uitdediar trcdzcod lc hgd1
“ _coaiui hi RR-ich cstc scoaiui çg ohrc dgldvdlui aoodlcg
thi ohutď ou ldspcrhrc sď pugď ohpďt `hr`hrdcd ou ohrc ùr
fbczdh trduejďtahrc ldg scoaiui prcoclcgt i-h lctcredght sď-Ȕd
oagsdlcrc oarpui Ȕd scxuhidthtch. Lhr, çg hocihȔd tdep, cstc Ȕd
scoaiui çg ohrc Ȕtddgȝh h lcvcgdt, çgtr-ug jci, edtaiafdh ugar
dlcaiafdd ehtcrdhidstc. Orcldgȝcic ehtcrdhidstc hu oagtrdùdt
ih lcsjddgȝhrch ardoďrcd dlcd icfhtc lc trhgsedtcrch spdrdtuiud
Ȕd, alhtď ou ch, h sthtutuiud phtcrg ohrc rcprczdgtď pdvatui cd.
^htcrgdthtch h sujcrdt a lcfrhlhrc çg sàgui jhedidcd, çg prdeui
ràgl ldg ohuzh icfdd praeuifhtc ih < dugdc 846>, ohrc pugch
ohpďt gaȝdugdiar lc ‗ohp lc jhedidc" Ȕd lc ‗hutardthtc phtcr
gď". çgocpàgl lc-htugod, lc ih ug hg ih hitui, icfch cstc hecg
lhtď gcçgoctht! Lhr rďui cxdstď. Gdecgd gu phrc sď ehd Ȕtdc ih
oc hguec jaiascso thȝdd.
Ȓd Ȕtddgȝh h oagtrdùdt ldg pidg ih hochstď sdtuhȝdc. @daiafdh
ecldohiď çi rcluoc pc thtď ih a pdoďturď lc spcreď, lc ohrc c
gcvadc
prdvdgȝď,pcgtru jh`rdohrch
sugt tathi `c`ciuȔdiar
lc hoarl çg cpru`ctď.
ou Fcgcvdâvc Lcihdsd çglchochstď
^hrsc-
vhi8><. Ldgoaia lc hotui ckhouiďrdd, ecldodd gu sc prcaoupď lc
iao lc utdidthtch thtďiud. Cd ic hpidoď eheciar uehgc tcbgdod
8>? Kchg-Oihulc Fudiic`hul, ‗Ih läjhdtc lcs pârcs". Ic Gauvci A`scrvhtcur,
8>-8: ehrtdc 844<. (g.h.)
phrtt lu pârc, _cudi, 8428. (g.h.)
8>< Fcgcvdâvc Lcihdsd lc ^hrscvhi, Ih phr
8?3
pusc
hgdehiďih pugot jaiasdtc
Ȕd sď-Ȕd
8>3 , jďrď lchçgscheh
eal ourcgt pcgtrugu
oď a jcecdc rcpraluocrch
lď ghȔtcrc
oapddiar cd ih jci oh a vhoď Ȕd oď, pcgtru h trcoc lc ih sthrch vd
rdiď ih och lc pďrdgtc, vddtarui thtď trcùdc sď-Ȕd ‗pahrtc" Ȕd ci
oapdiui. çg ouiturh gahstrď gu sc ȝdgc gdodalhtď scheh lc occh
oc rcsdet `ďr`hȝdd ih trcocrch lc ih sthldui lc `ďr`ht ih oci lc
thtď. Gu sc ȝdgc scheh gdod lc sujcrdgȝh pc ohrc d-a pravahoď
`ďr`htuiud pdcrlcrch oapdiuiud, htugod oàgl phrtcgcrh h hvar
tht çepatrdvh vadgȝcd iud, oue rcehroď jahrtc oarcot Fcgcvdâ
vc Lcihdsd lc ^hrscvhi8>:. Cxdstď, çg zdicic gahstrc, a icfďturď
aouitď Ȕd ehtcrdhidstď çgtrc ehec Ȕd ecldod, Ȕd hochstď hidhgȝď
aouitď, gdodalhtď guedtď hstjci, h prciuht Ȕthjcth trhldȝdaghicd
rcihȝdd cxdstcgtc çgtrc prcaȝd Ȕd orcldgodaȔd çg scoaiui hi RDR-ich,
ohrc, lckh lc-htugod, çd jďoch pc thȝd sď lcvdgď dgutdid. Jhptui
oď ehecic fďscso ug sprdkdg çg @dscrdoď, çg ecldodgď, çg pa
idȝdc shu çg stht, Ȕd gu çg `ďr`htui ou ohrc hu jďout ug oapdi,
luoc, çg eal dgcvdth`di, ih a dzaihrc dgocstuahsď eheď-oapdi
ldg ohrc thtďi cstc cxoius. _ugt tat htàtch jareuic ohrc jho ldg
oapdi ugdoui a`dcot hi piďocrdd Ȕd hi shtdsjhoȝdcd ehecd shic. Dhr
hocst eal sdicgȝdas Ȕd pcrjdl lc h-d cxoiulc pc thȝd gu cstc gdod
alhtď lcgugȝht!
“ _pugcȝd oď thtďi çȔd pahrtď Ȕd ci oapdiui pc lurhth shrodgdd
saȝdcd iud. Lhr çg oc jci jhoc ci hocst iuoru1
“ çi pahrtď çg edgtc, çg struoturdic shic ecgthic, çg lardgȝh
iud. Ȓd, ih hocst gdvci, gu he gdoda çgladhiď oď cxdstď a oaeugd
ohrc jahrtc prcoaoc, lc ih jddgȝď ih jddgȝď, çgtrc jďt Ȕd ocd lad pď
rdgȝd hd iud. Htugod oàgl pďrdgȝdd jho lrhfastc çg tdepui shrodgdd,
jďtui çȔd çgtàigcȔtc thtďi prdg dgtcrecldui scxuiud hocstudh. Occh
oc çd lď lckh ohphodthtch lc h sc oagstrud çg rhpart ou thtďi sďu.
Ougaso ehd euitc ohzurd lc jcecd frhvdlc h oďrar shrodgď h
8>3 Khoqucs \csthdt, Ic ehfhsdg lcs cgjhgts, Jrhgæads @aurdg, 844>. (g.h.)
8>: Fcgcvdâvc Lcihdsd lc ^hrscvhi, ap. odt., p. ?>:. (g.h.)
8?:
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
oc rcpcrhtď ehd
jastlavclcȔtc, lupďçgtàd
pďrcrch ech, ohrc ic sugt
lc `ďr`hȝddcxdstcgȝh
ugcdphrtcgcrd.
oaeugdoďrdOcch
çg
trc ce`rdag Ȕd thtď. çg cpaoh Ȕd çg ouiturh gahstrď, dlcch hochsth
phrc gcvcrasdediď, lhr ch rcprczdgtď, lc jhpt, pugotui lc vclc
rc susȝdgut lc tahtc trhldȝddic. A htcstď rdtuhiui ouvhlcd8>6. Fc
gcvdâvc Lcihdsd lc ^hrscvhi, ohrc çe`dgď ou `rda ctgaiafdh ou
psdbhghidzh, prczdgtď a phgarheď h hocstar rdtuhiurd prdg ohrc
guecrahsc saodctďȝd çd hoaephgdhzď pc thȝdd hjihȝd çg hȔtcpthrch
ugud oapdi. Pdtuhiurdic ouvhlcd sugt rdtuhiurd lc trcocrc lc ih
sthrch vdrdiď ih och lc thtď. Ih dgldcgdd Eabhvc, thtďi cstc çe`ď
dht ih ghȔtcrch oapdiuiud, jdc lc eheh iud, jdc lc saȝdh iud, ih jci
oh `c`ciuȔui. Cd spug oď jho hocst iuoru pcgtru h-8 hkuth pc thtď
sď rcfrcsczc pàgď ih sthldui lc lcpcglcgȝď gcaghthiď, jhpt oc-d
pcredtc sď oaeugdoc ehd `dgc ou oapdiui iud. Ouvhlh rdtuhid
oď h cxdstht prctutdglcgd pc pihgctď; Khpagdh, Obdgh, Ehihczdh,
_thtcic Sgdtc hic Hecrdodd, Hecrdoh Ihtdgď, Drihglh, Aihglh,
Hi`hgdh, Odpru, Oarsdoh, @ährg... ^cstc tat, cstc var`h lcsprc
brďgdrch spdrdtuhiď h rcihȝdcd oapdiuiud ou thtďi iud. _ď iuďe ug
hit cxcepiu, pc hi dgldcgdiar Bapd; lc çglhtď oc jcecdh gu ehd
hrc odoiu, saȝui cd sc ouioď Ȕd pctrcoc gauď iugd çg pht pcgtru h
jhodidth rcihȝdh tcicphtdoď pc ohrc a hrc ou jďtui, ou soapui lc h-d
dgsujih hocstudh putcrch lc h çgjrugth vdhȝh. _prc lcasc`drc lc
occh oc sc çgtàepiď euit prch hlcsch ih gad, dgldhgui Bapd gu
dfgarď jhptui oď çg oagocpcrch ugud oapdi sugt depidohtc htàt
spcreh, oàt Ȕd struoturdic iud ecgthic.
çg Aoodlcgt, çgocp sď jdc lcsoapcrdtc tuiùrďrdic lc ohrc
sujcrď ugdd `ďr`hȝd çg tdepui shrodgdd saȝddiar; pdcrlcrch hpc
tdtuiud, lurcrd lc ùrtď, vďrsďturd, pajtc hsceďgďtahrc ociar
hic jcecdiar, orcȔtcrc çg frcuthtc, dgsaegdc pcrsdstcgtď, lurcrd
lc ohp Ȕd lc rdgdobd, tuiùrďrd scxuhic, gcrvazdthtc, jufď shu
A`docd, ih hguedtc papahrc, prdg ohrc `ďr`hȝdd phrtdodpď çg eal sdeàido ih

8>6
ghȔtcrch oapdiuiud iar, oaepartàglu-sc hscecgch ehecd, (g. tr.)
8?6

jrdoď... Lhr `ďr`htui aoodlcgthi gu jhoc gdodalhtď icfďturh çg
trc hocstc tuiùrďrd Ȕd shrodgh saȝdcd shic, tuiùrďrd pc ohrc, lc
ocic ehd euitc ard, gdod eďohr gu sc fàglcȔtc sď ic sceghic
zc. Dg fcgcrhi, ecldoui cstc Ȕd ci ih jci lc gcȔtdutar çg hochstď
prdvdgȝď. çg vrcec oc jcecdic ldspug, pc lurhth shrodgdd, lc a
oabartď lc spcodhidȔtd ohrc sc aoupď lc cic, thȝdd, çg sobde`, sc
‗oďzgcso" ihecgth`di. ^cgtru cd, gu cxdstď gdodug iao uglc sď
var`chsoď lcsprc sobde`hrch pc ohrc a sceghichzď hocstc tui
ùrďrd hic ‗shrodgdd phtcrgc".
_ď rcehroďe tatuȔd, çg hocst lcȔcrt pc ohrc trcùdc sď-i strď
`htď vddtardd thȝd, a ahzď ohrc sc guecȔtc ‗bhptagaedc". Cstc
hrth htdgfcrdd Ȕd h sdeȝdrdd çg ldecgsdugch cd dgtdeď Ȕd hjcotd
vď. A prhotdoď rcihtdv rcocgtď, dgvcgthtď lc Jrhgs Zcilehg8>2
Ȕd prapusď pc lurhth shrodgdd pďrdgȝdiar ohrc var sď oaeugd
oc ou jďtui iar. çg bhptagaedc, hochstď çgtàigdrc sc cjcotuchzď
prdg dgtcrecldui fihsuiud Ȕd hi eàdgdiar thtďiud ohrc çgvhȝď sď-d
htrhfď htcgȝdh oapdiuiud prdg uȔahrc prcsdugd cxcrodthtc hsuprh
ùrȝdd ehecd. Lcsoapcrde oď, jahrtc lcvrcec, ug jďt cstc oh
ph`di sď oaeugdoc ou thtďi iud. Occh oc çgschegď oď ug oapdi,
obdhr Ȕd çg sthrc jcthiď, gu sc oagstrudcȔtc lahr çg rcihȝdc ou
eheh iud. Ldhlh pc ohrc a jarechzď ou hochsth ih çgocput cstc
cvdlcgtď, pcgtru oď c rcluìhtď lc a lcpcglcgȝď ehtcrdhiď,
lc lcpcglcgȝh lc sàg. Ehd tàrzdu çgsď, ih vàrsth lcprdglcrdd
ide`hkuiud, ih vàrsth acldpdhgď, sc a`scrvď euit ehd frcu jhp
tui oď oci edo ichfď a rcihȝdc lc ldhlď ou thtďi iud, pcgtru oď
hochsth gu sc trhluoc prdgtr-a icfďturď oarp ih oarp, hȔh oue
sc çgtàe piď ou eheh. Cstc a oaeugdohrc spdrdtuhiď, çg ohrc
çgtàepiď
prdechzď sobdeùrdic vcr`hic.
8>2@crghrl \bds, ‗«Jactaiafdc... Jëtc hu iafds½, ug hrtdoic sur Jrhgs Zcilehg,

sur oc qu'di h jhdt ct sur oc qu'di h jaglä; ('bhptagaedc", ,,8—Hu`c lcs scgs", dg Ics
Ohbdcrs lu gauvchu-gä, gr. 3, iuorhrc oaicotdvď su` ldrcoȝdh iud Ätdcggc Bcr`dgct
Ȕd Ehrdc-Oihdrc @usgci, ^hrds, _taom, 8428,8424,8448. (g.h.)
8?2
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
Jugoȝdaghidthtch phtcrgď
_ď var`de lcsprc jugoȝdh thtďiud pc ug pihg euit ehd

“
prhotdo. Ohrc cstc raiui iud çg vdhȝh oatdldhgď1
“ \hȝdd g-hu gdedo hitocvh lc jďout lcoàt sď trďdhsoď hiďturd
lc oapddd iar Ȕd sď-d prdvchsoď oue sc oagstrudcso çeprcugď ou
cd. Gu trcùdc sď jhoď ocvh hguec pcgtru h-d cluoh, trcùdc
lahr sď Ȕtdc sď ic var`chsoď, sď ldsoutc ou cd Ȕd sď-d du`chsoď.
Zď rďspugl hstjci pcgtru oď lardgȝh oagȔtdcgtď h ugud thtď lc
h-Ȕd vclch oapdiui jďoàgl outhrc shu outhrc iuoru stàgkcgcȔtc
jciui çg ohrc oci edo sc dlcgtdjdoď çg eal ghturhi ou ci, lc çgl
çglhh
tď oc thtďi çd depugc iuorui rcspcotdv. Dhr hsth sc çgtàepiď obdhr
lhoď thtďi gu-Ȕd lď scheh, pcgtru oď dlcgtdjdohrch cstc çg prd
eui ràgl ug praocs dgoagȔtdcgt. çg rcihȝdh ou ug thtď, oci ehd
departhgt cstc oh oci edo sď sc pahtď dlcgtdjdoh ou hocsth, jd
dgloď hȔh çȔd lupidoď ci jugoȝddic ecgthic, vdadodugch spdrdtuiud,
fustui
euiȝdec lc hitceuzdoď
pcgtru iuorurd.shu pcgtru
Hocstc Ȕhb, ug
praocsc lcjcot shu
sc praluo Ȕd a
hituijahr
jahrtc,
tc lcvrcec, çg ardoc ohz çghdgtc lc Ȕhptc hgd. HȔhlhr, pcgtru
oh hocstc trhgsedtcrd dgoagȔtdcgtc sď hd`ď iao çg eal h`saiut
ghturhi, oapdiuiud gu trcùdc sď d sc ochrď sď jdc ou tatui hitoc
vh lcoàt sugtce gad çgȔdgc. Ȓd oue sdgfurui eal lc h lcsjd
dgȝh a jhgtaeď cstc sď sc var`chsoď lcsprc ch, occh oc oagtchzď
oci ehd euit cstc ohphodthtch lc h-d var`d oapdiuiud. Hlcvďrh
th praìceď cstc jhptui oď thȝdd gu hu bh`hr oď rcprczdgtď ug
sphȝdu lc dlcgtdjdohrc. Cd gu oagȔtdcgtdzchzď jciui çg ohrc oapddd
iar sc oagstrudcso ou cd Ȕd gu pat rchidzh hocst iuoru htàth vrc
ec oàt gu çgochroď sď rcjicotczc ih hsth çeprcugď ou saȝdh iar.
^cgtru oď gu jho hocst iuoru, hkugf ugcard sď sc çgtrc`c lhoď
hoci oapdi cstc hi iar ih jci lc euit oàt cstc hi phrtcgcrcd. ^rdg
urehrc, thȝdiar trcùdc sď id sc ajcrc hguedtc dgstruecgtc ohrc
ic pcredt sď a`scrvc Ȕd sď çgȝcichfď çg oc jci oapdiui iar sc dlcg
tdjdoď ou cd, oue sc oagstrudcȔtc ci picoàgl lc ih occh oc sugt cd
Ȕd, çghdg
çghdgtc
tc lc tahtc, lc ih struoturdic iar ecgthic.
8?4
Sg thtď gu c ug pclhfaf. Ldepatrdvď, ci cstc oci oďrudh çd

rcvdgc shrodgh lc h-d prapugc pclhfafd oapdiuiud sďu. Gu cstc
rcspagsh`didthtch iud sď çi çgvcȝc tatui. çg ouiturdic trhldȝdaghic,
crh ehd sdepiu; lhoď ug thtď crh jdcrhr, jdui iud lcvcgch jdcrhr.
Ecscrdh sc trhgsedtch ldg thtď çg jdu Ȕd oapdiui Ȕd a çgsuȔch ehd
çgtàd prdg dlcgtdjdohrch dgoagȔtdcgtď, çg prdedd hgd hd oapdiďrdcd,
çg saodcthtch gahstrď, çg ohrc iuorurdic cvaiuchzď jahrtc rhpdl,
jdcohrc fcgcrhȝdc trcùdc sď ealdjdoc phrȝdhi ealcicic trhgs
edsc lc prcoclcgth. çg prczcgt, gc oagjrugtďe ou a cvaiuȝdc
jahrtc rhpdlď h tcbgdodd Ȕd h a`docdurdiar. Dstardh uehgdtďȝdd gu
h ehd ougasout gdodalhtď ocvh hsceďgďtar. HȔhlhr, gu sc ehd
pugc praìceh oh lcsocglcgȝdd sď çe`rďȝ çe`rďȝdȔczc
dȔczc gchpďrht ec
scrdh thtďiud, occh oc s-hr idedth ih h a rcpraluoc ih gdvci saodhi.
\atuȔd, ldghedseui saodhi hi ugcd saodctďȝd oh h gahstrď, çg ohrc
tatui cvaiuchzď jahrtc rcpclc, cstc ehroht lc a oagtdgudthtc
fcgchiafdoď çgtrc thtď Ȕd jdu, och ehd ougasoutď jddgl hocch çg
ohrc ùgdoui c ȝďrhg, jdui çgvďȝďtar Ȕd, ih h trcdh fcgcrhȝdc, gc
patui jhoc stuldd supcrdahrc.
Jhgtaecic phtcrgc Ȕd trhgsedtcrdic iar
“ _ď rcvcgde ih ldecgsdugch trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiď h jugoȝd

cd phtcrgc lcsprc ohrc hȝd paecgdt ehd lcvrcec. ^c sourt, jdui
eaȔtcgcȔtc trhuec htàt ldg gcheui iud phtcrg, oàt Ȕd pc phr
oursui cvaiuȝdcd shic spdrdtuhic. Lhr oue sc trhgsedt hocstch
ldg eaecgt oc, hȔh oue prcodzhȝd, gu cxdstď a icfďturď oarp ih
oarp çgtrc cd1
“ Jdui pahtc sď prcdh jhgtae cic ldg gcheui phtcrg obdhr çg
jhgtaecic
eaecgtui ‗ldhlcd dlcgtdjdohtahrc" ou thtďi sďu. @ďdhtui cstc
ehd prcldspus lcoàt jhth sď jhoď hocst iuoru, pcgtru oh çg rcih
ȝdh lc ldhlď ou thtďi iud ci çȔd oagstrudcȔtc dlcgtdthtch scxuhiď.
Dlcgtdthtch scxuhiď
ocicd h thtďiud iar sc oagstrudcȔtc
h `ďr`hȝdiar
iar, dhr `ďr`hȝd
och h jcecdiar, çg oagtdgudthtch
prdg prciuhrch rhpartuiud
8<>
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
ehecd ou scxuhidthtch. Oagstruoȝdh scxuhidtďȝdd cstc trhgsfc-
gcrhȝdaghiď, ch depidoàgl a trhgsedtcrc ‗vcrtdohiď" ldg thtď
çg jdu Ȕd ldg eheď çg jddoď. çg Ih scxuhidtä ehsouidgc8>4, lcsordu
ohzui ugud `ďdht hi oďrud lagkuhgdse pravcgch ldgtr-ug sdep
tae phtcrg ohrc çd juscsc tďdgudt. \àgďrui crh oagstràgs ih a
scxuhidthtc cpudzhgtď. Gu putch sď çgtàig
çgtàigchsoď
chsoď a jcecdc jďrď
sď sc sdetď aìdfht s-a ourtczc. ^sdbhghidzh pc ohrc h ureht-a
h lczvďiudt jhptui oď, htugod oàgl crh edo, thtďi iud, ohrc crh
edidthr, sujcrdsc ug hoodlcgt oc-d hjcothsc ohghiui urctrhi Ȕd lc
vcgdsc depatcgt. \àgďrui çȔd hedgtch vhf oď thtďi iud hvuscsc
ug hoodlcgt, lhr gu Ȕtdh gdedo lcsprc oagscodgȝcic scxuhic hic
hocstudh. Ȓd tatuȔd, çgtrcfui iud id`dlau sc oagstrudsc çg rhpart
ou hochstď lrheď. Lagkuhgdseui iud hvch lrcpt ugdo rcsart dg
oagȔtdcgt cvdthrch depatcgȝcd thtďiud Ȕd s-h cstaepht lupď oc
tàgďrui h lcsoapcrdt oď thtďi iud lcvcgdsc depatcgt çg ureh
hoodlcgtuiud. Ih hocst gdvci, putce spugc oď occh oc s-h trhgs
eds çg eal dgoagȔtdcgt c euit ehd saidl lcoàt oc s-h trhgseds
oagȔtdcgt, hvàgl çg vclcrc oď tàgďruiud rcspcotdv d sc pďrch
oď gu hvuscsc lciao a rcihȝdc oagsdstcgtď ou thtďi iud! Hochsth
cstc rchidthtch jhgtae cd Ȕd h trhgsedtcrdd fcgchiafdoc oďtrc lcs
jhgtaecd
ocglcgt, pc idgdc phtcrgď. DgoagȔtdcgtui aoupď çg ch oci ehd
çgsceght
çgsceg ht iao.
“ Ȓd oàgl c var`h lcsprc ug oapdi-jhtď, iuorurdic sc pctrco
çg hocihȔd eal1 _hu ghturh scxuiud cd a pratckchzď pc jddoď lc
jhgtaecic ldg gcheui phtcrg1
“ Gu, gu a pratckchzď gdodlcoue. Jhth sc oagstrudcȔtc ehd
çgtàd prdg dlcgtdjdohrch ou eheh cd, lhr, çg rcihȝdh hjcotdvď ou
thtďi, ch sc oagstrudcȔtc çg hocchȔd eďsurď oh `ďdhtui. HȔhlhr,
ih jci oh hocsth, ch pahtc sď eaȔtcgchsoď ugcic trhuec lc ih
thtďi cd. ^cgtru jhtď, cstc ih jci lc vdthi oàt c Ȕd pcgtru `ďd
`ďdht
ht sď
çȔd pahtď rcprczcgth scxuhidthtch thtďiud. çgtrc`ďr
çgtrc`ďrdic
dic acldpdcgc
8>4 Ldldcr Luehs, Ih scxuhidtä ehsouidgc, Hi`dg Edobci, 844>. (g.h.)
8<8
8<8

vdzchzď ldjcrcgȝcic ldgtrc `ďr`hȝd Ȕd jcecd, lhr, ehd hics, ard
fdgch; lc uglc vdg Ȕd çgoa
çgoatra
tra eď çglrcpt1 Oue sc rcpraluo
ahecgdd1 Dgldjcrcgt lc scx, oapddd trcùdc sď-Ȕd pahtď rcprc
zcgth jhptui oď pravdg, çg prdeui ràgl, ldg oarpui thtďiud iar
shu, lhoď prcjcrhȝd, oď rcihȝdh trupchsoď ldgtrc eheh iar Ȕd ug
`ďr
`ďr`ht
iui `ht h jďout ohthtďiud
tcstdouiciar cd sď cxdstc. Cstc prdeh obcdc acldpdhgď. Pa
trcùdc guedt pcgtru h-8 jhoc pc oapdi
sď çgȝcichf
çgȝcichfďď oď h dcȔdt ldg oarpui ugud thtď, çghdgt
çghdgtcc lc h jd dcȔdt
ldg hocih hi ehecd shic. He a`scrvht çg ehd euitc ràglurd, çg
`ďr`hȝdiar,, gcvadh lc h rcfrcsh pàgď ih sthldui lc spcr
ohzui `ďr`hȝdiar
ehtazadl. C var`h çgtatlch
çgtatlchugh
ugh lcsprc `ďr`hȝd oďrarh gu id s-h
var`dt lcsprc tcstdouic ih vàrsth acldpdhgď. Lhoď `ďdht `ďdhtui
ui gu
cstc dgjareht ih eaecgtui patrdvdt, hldoď ih vàrsth acldpdhgď,
çghdgtc lc Ȕhptc hgd, lc jhptui oď scxuhidthtch uehgď gu cstc
phrtcgafcgctdoď, ci pahtc lczvaith ehd tàrzdu sdeptaec jahr
tc frhvc. Lhr lcsoapcrdrch scxuiud thtďiud cstc ih jci lc depar
thgtď Ȕd çg occh oc prdvcȔtc oagstruoȝdh jcedgdgď, oďod jhgtaecic
phtcrgc pat ehroh Ȕd scxuhidthtch jcecdd.
_ď iuďe cxcepiui oidcgtcd ohrc e-h hkutht sď lcsoapďr hocst
iuoru. Jcecdh çg ohuzď h lcods sď çgochpď a tcrhpdc lupď ghȔ
tcrch prdeuiud cd oapdi pcgtru oď, çgocpàgl lc-htugod, sc sde-t
ȝch dgohph`diď sď jhoď lrhfastc ou saȝui cd. Lc çglhtď oc hocsth
sc hprapdh lc ch, a ouprdglch a phgdoď dgoagtraih`diď, hvch
lurcrd h`laedghic Ȕd scgzhȝdc lc vaeď. Jcecdh sc sdeȝch ou
htàt ehd ruȔdghtď ou oàt oagtdguh sď-Ȕd du`chsoď saȝui Ȕd gu sc
dehfdgh trďdgl jďrď ci.
çg prdedd lad hgd, tcrhpdh s-h lcruiht h`saiut garehi. Oid
cgth ech Ȕd-h cxpiarht oapdiďrdh, praprdh ghȔtcrc, ih jci Ȕd pc h
ehecd shic. _d-h rciuht stulddic, sd-h sobde`ht ecscrdh, dhr sa-
ȝui, jahrtc dgtcrcsht lc tcrhpdh pc ohrc a cjcotuh ch çeprcugď
çgocputt Ȕd ci praprdh tcrhpdc. \atui ecrfch ldg oc
ou edgc, h çgocpu
çg oc ehd `dgc, guehd oď sdeptaeui pcgtru ohrc vcgdsc sď eď
oagsuitc gu jďoch lcoàt sď sc hfrhvczc. Jcecdh gu ehd suparth
8<0
FrcȔcidic thȝdiar
gdod eďohr sď lahreď çg hocihȔd pht ou saȝui cd. Ocd lad saȝd hu
hkugs sď sc ouioc çg ohecrc scphrhtc. _-h çgtàepiht lcod occh
oc trcùdh sď sc çgtàepic. @ďr`htui g-h ehd putut suparth gdod
ci Ȕd d-h prapus sď ldvarȝczc.
Oidcgth ech h çgocput htugod sď-ed pavcstchsoď tat jciui lc
vdsc ldg ohrc gu çgȝcicfche gdedo, gdȔtc oaȔehrurd ou oapdd
aearàȝd Ȕd ldvcrsc jarec lc shldse. Lhr ehd hics, Ȕd oagtrhr
a`docduiud cd, jcecdh gu putch hsaodh ou gdedo hocstc dehfdgd çg
spďdeàgtďtahrc. çgtr-ugui ldgtrc hocstc vdsc, ch Ȕd saȝui cd crhu
prdzagdcrd pc a ghvď. Juscsc icfhtď lc ohthrf Ȕd, su` aobdd cd,
oàȝdvh ehrdghrd çd hpuohu pc gdȔtc oapdd lc pdodahrc Ȕd ic zlra
`chu ohpctcic, hrugoàglu-d hpad çg ehrc. Eď putche fàgld oď
vdsui hocsth çed crh hlrcsht, hitjci spus oď crh var`h lcsprc ug
vds lc trhgsjcr, pcgtru oď oidcgth ech sc vclch pc sdgc ih `hzh
ohthrfuiud; ih pdodahrcic iud Luehs88 88>>. \rcùdh iuht çgsď çg oag
sdlcrhrc Ȕd jhptui oď occh oc cxprdeh vdsui pravcgch tatuȔd lc

uglcvh. D-he spus hsth oidcgtcd ecic Ȕd, oue cxpiarhsce lckh
gcheurdic cd htàt pc idgdc phtcrgď, oàt Ȕd ehtcrgď, jďrď h fďsd gdod
och ehd edoď ureď h cxdstcgȝcd vrcugud `c`ciuȔ eart, he hlď
ufht oď crh var`h pra`h`di lc ug cvcgdecgt lc ohrc ch gu Ȕtdh,
ug gcspus shu ug scorct jhedidhi icfht lc eahrtc Ȕd lc ug oapdi.
Obdhr çg Ȕcldgȝh ureďtahrc, jcecdh h lcsoapcrdt sdgfurď
obcdh hocstud edstcr. DȔd pctrcousc wccmcglui dgtcrafàglu-Ȕd
pďrdgȝdd. Ih vàrsth lc trcd hgd, thtďi cd çȔd vďzusc eheh eurdgl,
jhpt pc ohrc cu çi Ȕtdhe lckh. @ugdoui sc rcoďsďtardsc, lhr jc
ecdh pc ohrc a ougasousc oidcgth ech, hocch pc ohrc a guedsc
‗ùgdoď", gu crh, hȔh oue orczusc ch ldgtatlchugh, h lauh sa
ȝdc h iud, od och lc-h trcdh. Dgtrc ocic lauď saȝdd, ùgdoui sc ehd
oďsďtardsc ou a jcecdc, lc ohrc sc lcspďrȝdsc. Ar, ugui ldgtrc
eatdvcic lcspďrȝdrdd iar crh oď hochstď h lauh saȝdc hvuscsc
88>çgide`h jrhgoczď, ouvdgtcic ‗lu eàt" (h ohthrfuiud) sc pragugȝď hsceďgďtar

ou guecic Luehs. (g.tr.)
8<?

Nina Canault Cum Platim Pentru Greselile Stramosilor

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Nina Canault Cum Platim Pentru Greselile Stramosilor

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Gdgh Ohghuit

Oue piďtde pcgtru

\rhluocrc ldg ide`h jrhgoczď

_ JHS\C_ LC _C_ HGOË\PC_

Oapyrdfbt © Lcsoiäc lc @rauwcr, 0>>6

© 0>8: - Cldturh ^BDIA@DH

Cldtar; @dhgoh @dhfdgd

Oarcoturď; Lardgh Aprch

Lcsordcrch OD^ h @d`idatcodd Ghȝdaghic h Paeàgdcd

D. Zhsdicsou, Ordstdgh Idvdh (trhl.)

0. Jhgtaeh Ȕd ehgdjcstďrdic cd....................

3. Oapdiui Ȕd scorctui iud.....................

Cstc a piďocrc sď prczdgt ohrtch Gdgcd Ohghuit - a piďoc

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

?‗^ďrdgȝdd hu eàgoht hfurdlď Ȕd oapddiar id s-hu strcpczdt ldgȝdd", Czcobdci. (g.tr.)

Gad prhotdoďe ‗trhgsfcgcrhȝdaghiui", ‗fcgasaodafrh-

_ď rcvcgde houe ih hoci ‗oc Ȕd oue" hi trhueciar. A trhu

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

_u`dcotui c phrhidzht lc sphdeď - gu fďscȔtc ouvdgtc pcg

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

Hggc Hgocidg _obddtzcg`crfcr,

3 Zhedm Zaimhg - prajcsar cecrdt lc psdbdhtrdc ih Sgdvcrsdthtch ldg Zdrfdgdh,

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

iďrdc; Hihldg, Pa`dg Baal, \dgtdg, Gdis Baifcrssag oďiďtardgl

Ecscrdh ech lc kurg

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

Oàgl i-he çgtài

2 Ldldcr Luehs, I'Hgfc ct ic Jhgtaec. Dgtraluotdag î ih oidgdquc lc i'depcg-

4Khoquc Ihohg - psdbhghidst Ȕd psdbdhtru jrhgocz, suprhguedt ‗oci ehd oagtra -

çȔd hicscsc lrcpt hi ladich saȝ ug jast lcpartht... Ȕd ou hsth he

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

htugod oď crh oh ug oapdi lc aptsprczcoc iugd ohrc hr hvch ecg

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

çi çgobdlce çgtr-a cxpidohȝdc edgodgahsď. Hstjci, cvcgdecgtui

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

cstc depasd`di sď-Ȕd prdvchsoď eheh çg aobd! Cstc occh oc d s-h

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

ehrc phrtc ldg tdep odrouiàgl çg dgoagȔtdcgtui ehecd iar, çg

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

gu putce çgȝcicfc gdedo ldg hochstď ldecgsdugc h`saiut dg

Hocstc ldsouȝdd lcsprc psdbazď stàrgcso çg edgc a jurtugď

su` tďocrc, gccxprdeht, (g.tr.)

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

oapdihȔui!", lcoihrď ch, ldspcrhtď. A hkut sď phrourfď pcrdahlh

oagȔtdcgt Ȕd, lhoď ocd ohrc ic suprhvdcȝudcso gu var`cso lcsprc

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

HȔhlhr, çg ohidthtc lc a`dcot oidgdo, jhgtaeh gu pdcrlc gd

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

ih dgoagȔtdcgt ih dgoagȔtdcgt, jďrď Ȕtdrch fhzlciar shic. Hstjci,

hocch, çg Obdgh sc jďochu tahegh tat jciui lc rdtuhiurd pcgtru

‗`ahih strďeaȔdiar"; jhptui oď spdrdtui ugud eart sc çgtah

82 Aeui ou sthtud, (g.tr.)

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

çg ue`rď çgtrchfh fcgchiafdc h iud Acldp, lhr, pcgtru h

th, trc`udc ecrs çghpad çg tdep pc idgdh phtcrgď ehd lcphrtc

çgtàigdrc ou ug psdbhghidst gca`dȔgudt

eugtcic Odtbcrag. Eatdvui hphrcgt ohrc i-h lctcredght sď rc

Oue piďtde pcgtru frcȔcidic strďeaȔdiar

gch, ldg oci hi pďrdgȝdiar Ȕd hi strďeaȔdiar.