Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Real, long-standing regard brought the Westons and Mr. Knightley; and by Mr.
Elton, a young man living alone without liking it, the privilege of exchanging
any vacant evening of his own blank solitude for the elegancies and society of
Mr. Woodhouse's drawing-room, and the smiles of his lovely daughter, was in
no danger of being thrown away.
After these came a second set; among the most come-at-able of whom were
Mrs. and Miss Bates, and Mrs. Goddard, three ladies almost always at the
service of an invitation from Hartfield, and who were fetched and carried home
so often, that Mr. Woodhouse thought it no hardship for either James or the
horses. Had it taken place only once a year, it would have been a grievance.
Mrs. Bates, the widow of a former vicar of Highbury, was a very old lady,
almost past every thing but tea and quadrille. She lived with her single daughter
in a very small way, and was considered with all the regard and respect which a
harmless old lady, under such untoward circumstances, can excite. Her daughter
enjoyed a most uncommon degree of popularity for a woman neither young,
handsome, rich, nor married. Miss Bates stood in the very worst predicament in
the world for having much of the public favour; and she had no intellectual
superiority to make atonement to herself, or frighten those who might hate her
into outward respect. She had never boasted either beauty or cleverness. Her
youth had passed without distinction, and her middle of life was devoted to the
care of a failing mother, and the endeavour to make a small income go as far as
possible.
The text I’m going to analyze is an extract from “Emma” by Jane Austen (the translator is
Volodymyr Gorbatko). Jane Austen was an English novelist known primarily for her six major
novels. With the publication of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813),
Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), in her lifetime she achieved modest success and,
as the books were published anonymously, little fame.
First of all, let’s take into consideration lexical transformations. Talking about formal
transformations, there are a couple of names mentioned in the text. We can use transcription
(SL word or word combination is transcribed in TL): Highbury - Гайбері, Randalls -
Рендоллз, Donwell Abbey - Донвелл-Еббі, Mr. Knightley - містер Найтлі, Mrs. and Miss
Bates - місіс і міс Бейтс, Hartfield - Гартфілд; transliteration (SL word or word
combination is reproduced in the TL by a letter-for-letter technique): Emma - Емма, Mrs.
Goddard - місіс Годдард
Lexical grammatical transformations are also used here, for example, antonymic translation
(the change of meaning of SL word to its opposite in TL): Mr. Woodhouse was fond of
society in his own way. - Містер Вудхаус теж не цурався спілкування, але по-своєму.
not unfrequently - досить часто; real - непідробна; compression (omission of certain
(usually redundant) words or word combinations of SL in the translation): a most uncommon
degree - неабияка; decompression (addition of words or word combinations in the
translation): Real, long-standing regard brought the Westons and Mr. Knightley; -
Непідробна та випробувана часом повага приводила в будинок містера Вудхауса
подружжя Вестонів і містера Найтлі; alone - сам-один; endeavour - енергійні спроби;
quadrille - партія в кадриль; compensation (a translation technique/strategy with the help
of which the loss of meaning of the source element is compensated by a different TL
element with the necessary replacement involved): the privilege of exchanging any vacant
evening of his own blank solitude for the elegancies and society of Mr. Woodhouse's
drawing-room, and the smiles of his lovely daughter, was in no danger of being thrown away
- залюбки користувався привілеєм обміняти будь-який із своїх самотніх та
неприкаяних вечорів на вишукане товариство вітальні містера Вудхауса та усмішку
його гарненької дочки; and she had no intellectual superiority to make atonement to
herself, or frighten those who might hate her into outward respect. Для самовтіхи або щоб
змусити своїх можливих недоброзичливців хоча б про людське око ставитися до неї з
повагою, їй потрібна була інтелектуальна вищість, та ба — як нема, то й дарма.
Now, let’s talk about grammatical transformations. In the translation of this text outer
partitioning is used. Replacement (change of word-order in the translated sentence
according to the existing syntactic norms of the TL): He had not much intercourse with any
families beyond that circle; his horror of late hours, and large dinner-parties, made him unfit
for any acquaintance but such as would visit him on his own terms. - Із сім'ями, що не
входили до цього кола, він спілкувався мало; жахався пізньої години та
багатолюдних званих обідів і тому бачився лише з тими знайомими, які ладні були
приходити в гості на його власних умовах. Transformation of verbalization (the process
of transformation of the nominative structures of the source language into verbal structures
of the target language): as he liked - за власним уподобанням. Outer integration
(combining two or more SL sentences into one TL sentence): She had never boasted either
beauty or cleverness. Her youth had passed without distinction, and her middle of life was
devoted to the care of a failing mother, and the endeavour to make a small income go as far
as possible. - Ніколи не могла вона похвалитися ані красою, ані розумом, її молодість
проминула без якихось особливих подій, а зрілі роки були присвячені догляду за
старіючою матір'ю та енергійним спробам вичавити максимум із убогих статків.