Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reading Fluids Circuit Diagrams - Hydraulic Circuit Examples
Reading Fluids Circuit Diagrams - Hydraulic Circuit Examples
Pulp Board and paper Tissue Energy More industries Technologies Services Automation solutions Flow control
Insights Articles Up and Running Reliability Reading fluids circuit diagrams - hydraulic circuit examples
Jan 2, 2018
Training
The previous article in this series introduced fluids (hydraulic and pneumatic) circuit
Valmet Learning Services
elements. This article will describe three example hydraulic schematic diagrams.
Hydraulic (oil under pressure) controls are used when very heavy components must be More knowledge, better results
moved with accuracy and speed is not the primary goal. Hydraulics should not be used in
systems that must be very clean, such as food manufacturing, due to possible leaks from
valves, seals or hoses. Movement is much slower than with pneumatic (gas, usually air,
under pressure) control. A hydraulic system uses a reservoir to dump the oil when their SERVICE
direction or state is changed, as opposed to pneumatics which can vent to the machine
hall air. Maintenance services
Since hydraulic oil is not compressible, a hydraulic system can smoothly live and move Studies and audits
loads requiring great force and the movement is not delayed. Energy-wise, hydraulics are
also less costly to operate than pneumatics. Environmentally, hydraulics can leak,
Process upgrades
however they are quieter than pneumatics when operating.
This basic hydraulic circuit of activating one hydraulic cylinder uses a three layer stacked
valve assembly. First, it takes system pressure (normally ~2000 psi) and passes it through
a pressure reducing valve (set for 560 PSI). In the figure this is the lower dashed rectangle FLUIDS
of the three layer valve assembly.
Field Report - Fluid safety and general
troubleshooting
Case 2: Turning a sizer applicator beam via hydraulics Actuators, mechanical and hydraulic
Below is a hydraulic circuit that turns the applicator beam on a SymSizer. Main hydraulic applications (flyer)
pressure, P is reduced as it goes through proportional valve PCM1 that can be controlled
by the DCS or PLC. This pressure is used to load the bottom applicator beam. Another oil Digital hydraulics
supply, PCV1, is used if there is a loss in power according to the logic table. Notice that it
is energized all the time, with the oil directed to a plugged port. Only when there is a loss Digital hydraulics (white paper)
of power to the solenoid does it send oil to the beam cylinders. These two oil sources are
connected with a shuttle valve, FVV1. The oil supply with the higher pressure shifts the Case Study - Hydraulic controls
shuttle valve over and is sent forward to the downstream hydraulic components. upgrade improves performance and
reliability, and eliminates obsolescence
Next in the circuit are the flow control valves. In hydraulics, flow control valves are almost
always oriented to “meter out” of the cylinder. This provides better and smoother
movements of the load. Note that this rule does not always work for pneumatic circuits as
air is so compressible, oil is not. When controlling overhung loads with pneumatics, both
meter in and meter out are often required on the same side of the cylinder. Finally, the oil
goes through a 4-2 directional valve which determines whether the beam loads or
unloads. Note that in this case, the oil going to and coming back from the cylinders are
split in the middle. There is no way to independently adjust the speed of each end of the
beam. In this case, the supply and return lines have tees in the center of the machine to
equalize flow to both ends as much as possible.
Notice there are relief valves on the downstream side of the flow splitters. These prevent
uncontrollable pressure buildups that can occur since flow splitters can actually act as
pressure intensifiers under the right conditions. During ejection, backpressure on the rod
end of the cylinders is controlled by pressure relief valve #18. This helps control the thrust
pressure caused by the weight of the arms and spool at ejection.
The speed of secondary arm movements is controlled with adjustable flow control valves
on the cylinders.
When the secondary arms are loaded up to the reel drum, the main directional valve is
shifted to supply oil to the rod end of the cylinders. This oil supplies pilot operated
pressure reducing valves #7.
Loading pressures are sensed by pressure transmitters and controlled by the DCS or PLC
according to a loading curve that is set to control the desired roll structure.
Mounted to the cylinder rod ends are pressure relief valves #38 that are used in case of
sudden shocks to the system such as during threading, turnups, or messy sheet breaks. It
also acts as a regenerative valve – allowing high rod end pressure to pass back into the
cap end during ejection. This reduces the amount of oil flow required from the pump and
therefore helps keep the size of the pump smaller than would be required if there were no
regeneration.
Note that when SV2 is totally de-energized, there is no flow to either side of the larger
directional valve. When this happens, the larger directional valve spool is shifted to its
center position, which blocks all 4 ports and so holds the secondary arms in a locked, fail
safe position.
Finally, this circuit utilizes a "drain" line connected to SV2. A drain line has no backpressure
in it. Flow out of SV2 to the drain line prevents any back pressure from building up that
may slow down shifting of the main directional valve. Oil lines to "tank" usually have 15-
30 psi of backpressure as they are passed through oil filters before entering the tank.
For more information about reading hydraulic and pneumatic circuit diagrams, read the
next article in this series which describes sample pneumatic circuits, or contact your
Valmet representative.
Tags
UP & RUNNING
Valmet in brief Complete pulp mills Recycled fiber All tissue making solutions
History Chemical pulping Stock preparation Machine sections and rebuilds
Strategy Wood handling Sustainable board and paper production Tissue converting
Management Cooking and fiber line Project execution Sustainable tissue making
Research and development Pulp drying and baling Board and paper machines Develop with pilot trials
Value creation model Chemical recovery References Services for tissue producers
Our unique offering Air emission control Board & paper news & stories Automation for tissue
Code of Conduct New value-adding processes Services for board and paper Flow control for tissue
Customer references Dissolving pulping Service Centers References
Media Mechanical pulping Search for products & services Industrial Internet
Service centers Recycled fiber Automation for board and paper Tissue news and insights
Procurement Fiberboard Flow control for board and paper Contact Tissue
Automation for pulp Industrial Internet
Flow control for pulp
Services for pulp
Industrial internet
Sustainability for pulp
Fiber technology center
Pulp references
Pulp news and stories
Energy solutions Biofuels and biomaterials Pulp Technologies Services for board and paper production
BFB Boiler Chemical Board and Paper Technologies Services for pulp production
CFB Boiler Construction Tissue Technologies Services for tissue making
Gasifier Fiberboard Energy Services for energy
Power plants Filtration More Industries News and stories
Heating plants Food and beverage References
Air emission control Gas processing Search products and services from Solution Finder
Rebuilds and conversions Industrial gases Services for sustainability
Industrial Internet solutions Laundry
Services for energy LNG
Automation for energy Marine
Flow control for energy Mining, metals and steel
Technology development Nonwovens
Energy news and stories Paper Converting
Sustainability for energy Pharmaceutical
Power-to-X
Refining
Textiles
Water and wastewater
About this site Sitemap Legal notice Trademarks Privacy notice Cookie preference Contact us Valmet in social media
© 2024 Valmet