Republic of the Philippines

Eastern Visayas State University

Tacloban City
College of Engineering

Final Output
Transformer

Submitted by:
Antonio Jr. B. Adorza
Mark Laurence P. Avila
BSEE-2A

Submitted to:
ENGR. RITCHIE G. IBAÑEZ
Instructor

(December 20, 2022)

 Republic of the Philippines
Eastern Visayas State University
Tacloban City
College of Engineering

I. Introduction

A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical
circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A transformer is also an apparatus for reducing
or increasing the voltage of an alternating current. Through this output, we would find out
more about the functions and the working principle of a transformer.

II. Materials/Tools/Equipments Used

A. Materials
1. Spool/Formwork
2. Magnetic Wire
3. E-core & I-core
4. Insulation tube/ Shrinkable Wire
5. Sandpaper
6. Masking Tape
7. Fuse
8. Banana Jack
9. Plug
B. Tools
1. Scissors
2. Soldering Iron
3. Pliers
4. Cutter
C. Equipment
1. Multimeter/Multitester

III. Objectives
1. To be able to make/build an electric Transformer.
2. To understand the working principle behind a Transformer.
3. To understand how transformers work.
4. To be able to perform calculations required in making a Transformer

IV. Procedure
● Perform Calculations
○ To find the number of turns in both primary and secondary winding, use the
following formula:
■ CA=¿ your spool∈inches ׿ your spool∈inches
 Republic of the Philippines
Eastern Visayas State University
Tacloban City
College of Engineering

7.5
■ TPV = ; where7.5 is constant .
CA
■ Np=Ep ×CA ; where Ep is the voltage primary .
■ Ns=Es × CA ; where 12V is the voltage secondary .

○ To determine the size of wire to be used, use the following formula;

■ c . m pri=Ip × 1000
■ c . m sec=Is× 1000
● Then convert to AWG.

○ Additional Calculations:
■ Wattage=25 ×CA ; where 25 is a constant .
W
■ Ip= ; where Ip is thecurrent primary
Ep
W
■ Is= ; where Is isthe current secondary
Es

V. Perform Calculations

2
1. CA=1.125∈×1.125∈¿ 1.265625 i n

2. Turns per volt

T K
=
V CA
7.5
¿
1.265625
¿ 5.926

3. Total number turns∈the primary

T
Tp=Ep×
V
¿ 220 ×5.926
¿ 1303.7 turns

4. Total number turns∈the secondary

T
Tp=Es×
V
T s1 =24 ×5.926=142 turns
T s2 =12× 5.926=71 turns
 Republic of the Philippines
Eastern Visayas State University
Tacloban City
College of Engineering

5. Wattage
W =25 ×1.265625
¿ 31.64 watts

6. Current ∈the primary

W
Ip=
Ep
31.64
¿
220
0.144 A

7. current∈the secondary
W
Is=
Es
31.64
I s1 = ¿ 1.318 A
24
31.64
I s2 = =2.637 A
12

8. C . M primary
¿ Ip ×1000
¿ 0.144 × 1000
¿ 143.82 circular mils
¿ wire ∈ AWG=¿ 29

9. C . M seconddary
Is× 1000
¿ 1.318 ×1000
1318 circular mils
¿ wire ∈ AWG=¿ 2

● Start making your transformer by winding the magnetic wires. It does not matter
whether you wound the primary or the secondary first, just dont interchange the
number of turns and the wire size to be used in a specific number of turns.
● Be sure to wind your coil neat and clean with no spaces in between each coil.
● After wounding your primary winding (assuming you wind your primary first), then cut
off the wire allowing 6 inches for the terminal lead.
● Cover the coil with 1 turn of insulating paper or wax paper. Be sure that the primary
winding was entirely covered and will not touch the secondary winding.
 Republic of the Philippines
Eastern Visayas State University
Tacloban City
College of Engineering

● After covering your primary coil, begin wounding your secondary coil.
● Do the same process that you did in your primary winding.
● After wounding, cut off the wire with 6 inches allowance and cover it with wax paper.
● After both coils are wound, it is now time to make the core of your transformer.
● Insert the center leg of the E-shaped lamination alternately in the coil opening.
● Insert the second lamination on the opposite side from which the previous lamination
was placed.
● Use the I-shaped lamination to fill in the gaps between the E-shaped lamination.
● Finally, bolt the assembled transformer together with its cover.

VI. Observation/Discussion

The spool was the first component I purchased before I started building a transformer, and
after calculating with spools of various sizes, I found that the number of turns increased
when the spool was smaller and decreased when the spool was larger. In addition to spins,
the size of the wire varies depending on the size of the spool; if the spool is small, the size of
the wire will undoubtedly be smaller as well.

VII. Conclusion

A common tool for distributing and transmitting alternating current power, the transformer is
essentially a voltage control device. Michael Faraday originally broached the subject of a
transformer in the year 1831, and many other eminent scientists continued his work after
him. However, the fundamental goal of utilizing transformers was to keep a balance between
the electricity produced at very high voltages and the electricity used at very low voltages.

VIII. Documentation