Principles of Human Physiology 5th

Edition Stanfield Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/principles-of-human-physiology-5th-edition-stanfield-test-bank/
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via 1) _______
A) gap junctions.
B) ions moving across the synaptic cleft.
C) the diffusion of neurotransmitters.
D) active transport across the synaptic cleft.
E) passive transport across the synaptic cleft.

2) Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE? 2) _______

A) Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical
synapse.
B) Communication across electrical synapses is bi-directional.
C) Electrical synapses can be gated.
D) Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses.
E) Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses.

3) Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE? 3) _______

A) Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones.
B) Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins.
C) Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem.
D) Electrical synapses are found in the retina.
E) Electrical synapses are usually for small-response, single neuron firing.

4) The chemical synapse is bounded by the ________ neuron, from which neurotransmitters are 4) _______
released across the synaptic cleft, to the ________ neuron, where the receptors for that
neurotransmitter are located.
A) postsynaptic : presynaptic
B) terminal : presynaptic
C) presynaptic : parasynaptic
D) parasynaptic : postsynaptic
E) presynaptic : postsynaptic

5) What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the axon from another 5) _______
neuron?
A) axodendritic
B) dendroaxonic
C) somatoaxonic
D) axosomatic
E) axoaxonic

6) What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of 6) _______
another neuron?
A) somatoaxonic
B) dendroaxonic
C) axoaxonic
D) axodendritic
E) axosomatic

7) The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the 7) _______
________ to reach the postsynaptic neuron.
A) cell body
 B) axon hillock
C) dendrite
D) synaptic cleft
E) axon

8) What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal? 8) _______
A) chemically-gated
B) mechanically-gated
C) receptor-gated
D) ligand-gated
E) voltage-gated

9) Synaptic vesicles store 9) _______

A) neurotransmitter.
B) sodium.
C) potassium.
D) calcium.
E) enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter.

10) Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron? 10) ______
A) synaptic vesicles
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) cytosol of the axon terminal
D) axon hillock
E) Golgi apparatus

11) Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism? 11) ______

A) secondary active transport
B) endocytosis
C) diffusion
D) exocytosis
E) primary active transport

12) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following? 12) ______
A) summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock
B) initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock
C) arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
D) paracrines released from the post-synaptic cell
E) neurotransmitter binding to receptor

13) The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the 13) ______
following?
A) movement of calcium through gap junctions
B) termination of an action potential
C) fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter
D) diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft
E) initiation of an action potential

14) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed 14) ______
from the synaptic cleft?
A) diffusion out of the cleft
B) active reuptake across the presynaptic membrane
 C) degradation by enzymes
D) binding to the receptor
E) transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged

15) Neurotransmitters can be reused through the process of ________, where neurotransmitters are 15) ______
transported back across the presynaptic membrane.
A) reuptake
B) regeneration
C) recycling
D) receptor binding
E) resynthesis

16) The extent of neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane is 16) ______
determined primarily by which of the following?
A) neurotransmitter vesicles
B) the concentration of neurotransmitter
C) the distance of the cleft
D) calcium
E) sodium

17) The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release? 17) ______
A) the synthesis of neurotransmitter
B) the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft
C) calcium entry to trigger exocytosis
D) an action potential to move from axon hillock to axon terminal
E) packaging of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles

18) What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the 18) ______
interaction between the ligand and receptor?
A) potentiotropic
B) ionotropic
C) metabotropic
D) mechanotropic
E) chemotropic

19) The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, 19) ______
but rather on the
A) signal transduction mechanism activated.
B) nerve cell stimulated.
C) affinity of the receptor.
D) organ system activated.
E) half-life of the messenger.

20) The rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a ligand binds to an ionotropic 20) ______
receptor is caused by which of the following?
A) the rapid gating of the ion channel by G protein
B) the G protein amplification that causes the rapid channel response
C) the large ion gradient across the membrane
D) the rapid G protein response that indirectly links receptor to channel
E) the presence of that protein functioning as both an ionotropic receptor and as the ion
channel
21) Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse? 21) ______
A) axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses
B) axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only
C) axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only
D) pre-axon hillock synapses only
E) axodendritic synapses only

22) At metabotropic receptors, a(n) 22) ______

A) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein
from the receptor.
B) ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane.
C) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G-protein, which then activates a
second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions.
D) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same
protein as the receptor.
E) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the
receptor.

23) Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse? 23) ______

A) axodendritic
B) axoaxonic
C) axosomatic
D) dendrodendritic
E) dendrosomatic

24) Metabotropic receptor-induced gating of ion channels requires more time to occur because of 24) ______
which of the following?
A) Ion channels linked to metabotropic receptors must move to the membrane before gating.
B) Metabolic byproducts are required to open those channels.
C) The channels are slower to open.
D) Intracellular calcium must increase before those channels will open.
E) Their gating is linked to a G protein.

25) What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to 25) ______
threshold called?
A) excitatory postsynaptic potential
B) hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential
C) suprathreshold postsynaptic potential
D) inhibitory presynaptic potential
E) inhibitory postsynaptic potential

26) The most common mechanism for producing a fast EPSP involves which of the following? 26) ______
A) opening of potassium-selective channels
B) closing of potassium-selective channels
C) opening of sodium-selective channels
D) closing of sodium-selective channels
E) opening of channels that permit both sodium and potassium to flow through

27) What ion directly triggers neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron? 27) ______
A) magnesium
B) sodium
C) potassium
 D) chloride
E) calcium

28) An example of a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential that involves closure of potassium 28) ______
channels relies on cAMP produced by what enzyme?
A) G protein
B) phosphodiesterase
C) adenylate cyclase
D) protein kinase A
E) protein kinase C

29) The duration of a slow, excitatory postsynaptic potential mediated by cAMP is driven by the 29) ______
extent of time that cAMP remains active before being degraded by what protein?
A) phosphodiesterase
B) G protein
C) protein kinase A
D) protein kinase C
E) adenylate cyclase

30) Fast excitatory responses not only occur quickly, but they 30) ______
A) remain active for a long period of time.
B) are maintained for minutes to hours.
C) always create a substantial depolarization.
D) end quickly.
E) also have a slow component.

31) The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the 31) ______
________ of ________ channels.
A) opening : chloride
B) opening : calcium
C) closure : chloride
D) opening : sodium
E) closure : potassium

32) The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the 32) ______
________ of ________ channels.
A) opening : potassium
B) closure : potassium
C) opening : sodium
D) opening : calcium
E) closing : chloride

33) In the absence of active chloride ion transport, opening of chloride channels in a cell that has 33) ______
hyperpolarized will result in which of the following?
A) movement of chloride equally in both directions
B) net movement of chloride out of the cell
C) net movement of chloride into the cell
D) absence of any chloride movement
E) depolarization of the cell

34) In the presence of active chloride ion transport within a neuron, the opening of chloride channels 34) ______
will result in which of the following?
 A) net movement of chloride out of the cell
B) net movement of chloride into the cell
C) movement of chloride equally in both directions
D) depolarization of the cell
E) absence of any chloride movement

35) If the resting membrane potential is equal to chloride's equilibrium potential, in which direction 35) ______
will chloride ions move if chloride channels open while the cell remains at resting membrane
potential?
A) inward
B) outward
C) No ions will move through the channel.
D) Ions will move equally in both directions.
E) Three chloride ions will move out for every two chloride ions that move in.

36) In the absence of an active chloride transporter in the plasma membrane, chloride acts to 36) ______
________ membrane potential by resisting any change in membrane potential.
A) modify
B) stabilize
C) depolarize
D) alter
E) hyperpolarize

37) The opening of a chloride channel acts to ________ the development of an action potential at the 37) ______
axon hillock.
A) stimulate B) further C) enhance D) facilitate E) inhibit

38) Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following? 38) ______

A) the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time
B) the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential
C) the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell
D) the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be
generated
E) the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal

39) The final integration of postsynaptic potentials that determines whether an action potential is 39) ______
generated occurs within what region of a neuron?
A) axon hillock
B) dendrites
C) cell body
D) axon
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

40) Divergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following? 40) ______

A) the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
B) the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time
C) the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential
D) the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be
generated
E) the communication of one neuron to several postsynaptic cells

41) For ionotropic receptors, their ________ response ________ the likelihood that two pulses from the same
neuron 41) ___
will ___
summate
.
A) slow : decreases
B) rapid : decreases
C) rapid : does not affect
D) slow : increases
E) rapid : increases

42) Which of the following would increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated in a 42) ______
postsynaptic cell?
A) presynaptic excitation at an excitatory synapse
B) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell with no active transport of chloride
ions
C) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell that actively transports chloride ions
out of the cell
D) presynaptic inhibition at an excitatory synapse
E) opening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell

43) Which of the following statements about inhibitory synapses is FALSE? 43) ______
A) The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell can be hyperpolarized.
B) Opening of chloride channels can generate an IPSP.
C) In presynaptic inhibition, the lower level potential generated interferes with the oncoming
action potential.
D) Opening of potassium channels can generate an IPSP.
E) The postsynaptic cell is less likely to generate an action potential.

44) How does temporal summation create an action potential? 44) ______
A) Two or more postsynaptic potentials are generated in rapid succession at the same synapse
before they can dissipate, thereby exceeding threshold.
B) Potentials are generated on several dendrites at the same time to trigger threshold and the
production of an action potential.
C) It is frequency modulated and of the same amplitude for intensity.
D) Generator potentials are at the same tempo on adjacent neurons.
E) The temporal lobe in the brain stimulates EPSPs to trigger an action potential.

45) As the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential increases above threshold, the time 45) ______
between each action potential will ________, thereby increasing the ________ of the action
potentials.
A) increase : frequency
B) increase : amplitude
C) not be altered : amplitude
D) decrease : amplitude
E) decrease : frequency

46) Suprathreshold graded potentials within a neuron can generate ________ action potential(s) at 46) ______
the axon hillock, which allows for the ________ of the magnitude of the stimulus.
A) a single : amplitude coding
B) several : amplitude coding
C) a single : frequency coding
D) multiple : amplitude coding
 E) multiple : frequency coding

47) Axoaxonic synapses are responsible for ________ the extent of neurotransmitter released at the 47) ______
synapse.
A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) enhancing
D) modulating
E) inhibiting

48) Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying ________ at the axon 48) ______
terminal.
A) the vesicles selected for release
B) potassium channels
C) sodium channels
D) calcium influx
E) membrane potential

49) During presynaptic inhibition, the release of a neurotransmitter from the modulating neuron 49) ______
causes which of the following?
A) a hyperpolarization of the neuron it is modulating
B) an IPSP on the postsynaptic cell
C) an increase in neurotransmitter release from the neuron it is modulating
D) a decrease in calcium entry into the axon terminal of the neuron it is modulating
E) an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell

50) Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation? 50) ______
A) The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is
modulating and its postsynaptic cell.
B) The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell.
C) The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell.
D) The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell.
E) The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell.

51) The synthesis of acetylcholine involves an enzyme called ________, which is present within the 51) ______
axonal cytosol and is responsible for converting ________ into acetylcholine + CoA.
A) acetylcholinesterase : acetyl CoA + choline
B) choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA
C) choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA + choline
D) acetylcholinesterase : choline
E) choline acetyl transferase : choline + acetate

52) Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine are called ________ neurons. 52) ______
A) ACTH
B) dopaminergic
C) adrenergic
D) gamma
E) cholinergic

53) Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)? 53) ______
A) methylcholine + acetate
B) choline only
 C) acetate only
D) acetyl CoA + choline
E) acetate + choline

54) What is transported back into the axon terminal of cholinergic neurons to be resynthesized into 54) ______
active neurotransmitter?
A) choline
B) acetate
C) acetylcholine
D) acetyl CoA
E) epinephrine

55) What type of receptor is both ionotropic and cholinergic? 55) ______
A) muscarinic
B) dopaminergic
C) nicotinic
D) adrenergic
E) serotonergic

56) What type of receptor is both metabotropic and cholinergic? 56) ______
A) muscarinic
B) dopaminergic
C) nicotinic
D) adrenergic
E) serotonergic

57) Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that contains a six-carbon ring with two hydroxyl 57) ______
groups and an amine group?
A) acetylcholine
B) neuroactive peptides
C) amino acids
D) norepinephrine
E) nitric oxide

58) Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is 58) ______
INCORRECT?
A) norepinephrine : catecholamine
B) nitric oxide : gas
C) adenosine : amino acid
D) enkephalin : neuropeptide
E) histamine : biogenic amine

59) Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and 59) ______
bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?
A) They are dependent on which cell secretes the histamine.
B) Histamine recombines with other endogenous substances once inside the target cell.
C) There are different message transduction systems.
D) Each tissue is different, so no two can have the same effect.
E) All of the effects are a result of membrane dehydration.

60) Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron? 60) ______
A) extracellular space
 B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) axon hillock
D) cytosol of the cell body
E) cytosol of the axon terminal

61) The action of adrenergic receptors identifies them as ________ receptors. 61) ______
A) chemotropic
B) metabotropic
C) mechanically-gated
D) ionotropic
E) voltage-gated

62) Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine? 62) ______
A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) adrenaline
D) epinephrine
E) serotonin

63) What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines? 63) ______
A) acetylcholinesterase and dopa decarboxylase
B) catechol-O-methyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase
C) dopa decarboxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase
D) monoamine oxidase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase
E) monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase

64) Epinephrine binds best to which of the following receptor types? 64) ______
A) alpha1 adrenergic receptors
B) alpha2 adrenergic receptors
C) alpha3 adrenergic receptors
D) beta1 adrenergic receptors
E) beta2 adrenergic receptors

65) Fast EPSPs are produced at which of the following types of receptor? 65) ______
A) nicotinic cholinergic only
B) alpha-adrenergic only
C) AMPA receptors only
D) both nicotinic cholinergic and AMPA receptors
E) both nicotinic cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors

66) Histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophan all go on to become what class of neurotransmitters? 66) ______
A) amino acid transmitters
B) neuropeptides
C) biogenic amines
D) purines
E) catecholamines

67) ________ is an amino acid neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses whereas ________ is an amino 67) ______
acid neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses.
A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid : glycine
B) Glutamate : aspartate
C) Glycine : aspartate
 D) Gamma-aminobutyric acid : glutamate
E) Aspartate : glycine

68) Which of the following GABA receptor types is coupled to chloride channels? 68) ______
A) GABAA only
B) GABAB only
C) GABAC only
D) both GABAA and GABAB
E) both GABAA and GABAC

69) Why are amino acid neurotransmitters NOT considered biogenic amines? 69) ______
A) Amino acids are excitatory only, while biogenic amines are not.
B) Amino acids lose their activity when stored, while biogenic amines do not.
C) Amino acids used to make biogenic amines are not used for anything else.
D) Biogenic amines may be taken up by non-conducting cells, while amino acids are not.
E) Biogenic amines still contain an amine group, but are no longer amino acids.

70) What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system? 70) ______
A) glycine
B) GABA
C) acetylcholine
D) aspartate
E) glutamate

71) Neuropeptides are synthesized in what region of a neuron? 71) ______

A) within the axon terminal
B) within the vesicles
C) at the dendrite
D) along the axon
E) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

72) Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide? 72) ______

A) oxytocin
B) substance P
C) endorphin
D) epinephrine
E) vasopressin

73) Which of the following is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates the sleep-wake cycle? 73) ______
A) substance P
B) vasopressin
C) melatonin
D) oxytocin
E) orexin

74) Nitric oxide is a(n) ________ that functions as a neurotransmitter. 74) ______
A) catecholamine
B) gas
C) amino acid
D) biogenic amine
E) neuroactive peptide
75) Which of the following chemicals is NOT a known neurotransmitter? 75) ______
A) carbon dioxide
B) ATP
C) substance P
D) acetylcholine
E) nitric oxide

76) What chemical targets CB1 receptors? 76) ______

A) tetrahydrocannabinol
B) enkephalin
C) carbonic acid
D) glutamate
E) carbon dioxide

77) Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide? 77) ______

A) substance P
B) acetylcholine
C) glycine
D) norepinephrine
E) aspartate

78) Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at 78) ______
excitatory synapses?
A) substance P
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) glycine
E) aspartate

79) Which of the following neurotransmitters is a catecholamine? 79) ______

A) glycine
B) substance P
C) norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine
E) aspartate

80) Which of the following neurotransmitters is a biogenic amine, but not a catecholamine? 80) ______
A) substance P
B) serotonin
C) aspartate
D) acetylcholine
E) norepinephrine

81) Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at 81) ______
inhibitory synapses?
A) acetylcholine
B) aspartate
C) glycine
D) norepinephrine
E) substance P

82) Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peri pheral
nervous 82) ___
system? ___
A) aspartate
B) acetylcholine
C) norepinephrine
D) glycine
E) substance P

83) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when sodium channels open? 83) ______
A) depolarization
B) returns to -70 mV
C) membrane stabilization
D) hyperpolarization
E) repolarization

84) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when sodium leak channels close? 84) ______
A) repolarization
B) depolarization
C) hyperpolarization
D) returns to -70 mV
E) membrane stabilization

85) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels open? 85) ______
A) depolarization
B) returns to -70 mV
C) repolarization
D) hyperpolarization
E) membrane stabilization

86) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels close? 86) ______
A) membrane stabilization
B) hyperpolarization
C) returns to -70 mV
D) depolarization
E) repolarization

87) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for an anion with an 87) ______
equilibrium potential of -80 mV open?
A) repolarization
B) membrane stabilization
C) returns to -70 mV
D) hyperpolarization
E) depolarization

88) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for a cation with an 88) ______
equilibrium potential of -80 mV open?
A) depolarization
B) returns to -70 mV
C) repolarization
D) hyperpolarization
E) membrane stabilization
89) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for a cation with an 89) ______
equilibrium potential of -30 mV open?
A) depolarization
B) membrane stabilization
C) returns to -70 mV
D) repolarization
E) hyperpolarization

90) What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels, that permit both 90) ______
sodium and potassium to move through, open?
A) hyperpolarization
B) membrane stabilization
C) repolarization
D) depolarization
E) returns to -70 mV

91) Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of cAMP? 91) ______

A) catechol-O-methyltransferase
B) monoamine oxidase
C) choline acetyl transferase
D) acetylcholinesterase
E) adenylate cyclase

92) Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine? 92) ______

A) acetylcholinesterase
B) adenylate cyclase
C) choline acetyl transferase
D) monoamine oxidase
E) catechol-O-methyltransferase

93) What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and in the 93) ______
mitochondria of the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell?
A) monoamine oxidase
B) adenylate cyclase
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) choline acetyl transferase
E) catechol-O-methyltransferase

94) What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft only? 94) ______
A) catechol-O-methyltransferase
B) adenylate cyclase
C) monoamine oxidase
D) acetylcholinesterase
E) choline acetyl transferase

95) What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine? 95) ______

A) adenylate cyclase
B) choline acetyl transferase
C) monoamine oxidase
D) catechol-O-methyltransferase
E) acetylcholinesterase
96) All of the following receptor sub-types are metabotropic, EXCEPT 96) ______
A) beta adrenergic.
B) muscarinic cholinergic.
C) nicotinic cholinergic.
D) NMDA
E) alpha adrenergic.

97) All of the following receptor sub-types are ionotropic, EXCEPT 97) ______
A) nicotinic cholinergic.
B) AMPA glutamatergic.
C) kainate glutamatergic.
D) GABAA
E) muscarinic cholinergic.

Figure 8.1

98) What is occurring in Step 2 of Figure 8.1, and how is that process originated? 98) ______
A) receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel : stimulating a G
protein to gate an ion channel
B) slow receptor can open or close an ion channel by G protein coupling between receptor and
ion channel : neurotransmitter release
C) remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft : reuptake
D) fast receptor opens an ion channel that is part of the receptor : reuptake
E) influx of calcium : depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open

99) Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 99) ______
4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.
A) a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G
protein to gate an ion channel
B) an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft
C) endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter
D) a voltage-gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+
E) transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter
100) Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that binds with the neurotransmitter in 100) _____
Step 6 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.
A) transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter
B) a voltage-gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+
C) endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter
D) a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G
protein to gate an ion channel
E) an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft

101) In Figure 8.1, the overall function of Steps 6-8, which occur simultaneously, is to 101) _____
A) remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft.
B) reuptake Ca2+.
C) stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an
ion channel.
D) release excess neurotransmitter.
E) create endocytotic vesicles for storing neurotransmitter.

102) In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6? 102) _____
A) monoamine oxidase
B) acetylcholinesterase
C) choline acetyl transferase
D) dopa decarboxylase
E) catechol-O-methyltransferase

103) In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is adrenergic, what is the structure in Step 6? 103) _____
A) monoamine oxidase or catechol-O-methyltransferase
B) phosphodiesterase
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) choline acetyl transferase
E) dopa decarboxylase

104) In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the 104) _____
release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?
A) migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma
B) action potential
C) generator potential from the axon hillock
D) movement of calcium down the axon
E) movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon

105) In Figure 8.1, what is going on in Step 3? 105) _____

A) calcium is metabolized and packaged into secretory vesicles
B) diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft before binding to the receptor on the
postsynaptic membrane
C) phagocytosis of calcium and its subsequent release
D) calcium activation of pro-neurohormone
E) the migration of the vesicle containing neurotransmitter to the cell membrane and its
release by exocytosis

106) What channels are the most abundant type of voltage-gated channel within the axon terminal 106) _____
and are responsible for the release of neurotransmitter?
A) voltage-gated calcium channels
B) voltage-gated adrenergic channels
 C) voltage-gated cholinergic channels
D) voltage-gated potassium channels
E) voltage-gated sodium channels

107) If a membrane is depolarized to +10 mV, which cation will move more frequently through a 107) _____
small cation channel?
A) potassium
B) calcium
C) magnesium
D) sodium
E) hydrogen

108) If the resting membrane potential is -70 mV, which cation will move more frequently through a 108) _____
small cation channel?
A) magnesium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) hydrogen
E) potassium

109) ________ must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize 109) _____
neurotransmitter.
A) Acetylcholine
B) ATP
C) Choline
D) Acetyl
E) DOPA

110) Which adrenergic receptor(s) has the greatest affinity for norepinephrine? 110) _____
A) alpha and beta1
B) alpha1 and beta
C) beta2
D) alpha2 and beta1, beta2
E) alpha3

111) What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of 111) _____
neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?
A) nociceptor
B) reuptake receptor
C) paracrine receptor
D) short loop receptor
E) autoreceptor

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
112) When voltage-dependent calcium channels open, calcium moves out of the cell. 112) _____

113) When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released 113) _____
into the synaptic cleft.

114) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can occur as either fast or slow responses. 114) _____

115) In the absence of active transport of chloride, membrane potential will determine the conc entrati
on of 115) ____
chloride _
ions
across a
neuron's
plasma
membra
ne.

116) Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is 116) _____
activated.

117) An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to 117) _____
threshold.

118) IPSPs can only summate with IPSPs, and EPSPs can only summate with EPSPs. 118) _____

119) Two or more graded potentials originating from different synapses on the same neuron at 119) _____
approximately the same time will cause spatial summation.

120) Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action 120) _____
potential generated.

121) Presynaptic modulation involves a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of one neuron 121) _____
affecting the membrane potential of an axon terminal from another neuron on which the first has
synapsed (axoaxonic synapse).

122) An axoaxonic synapse is unique in its ability to affect neurotransmitter release, but not the action 122) _____
potential.

123) The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their 123) _____
function.

124) Connexons are a necessary component of electrical synapses. 124) _____

125) Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol and actively transported into synaptic 125) _____
vesicles.

126) Slow postsynaptic potentials can be caused by the opening or closing of ion channels, whereas 126) _____
fast postsynaptic potentials only involve the opening of ion channels.

127) Closing of potassium channels causes a hyperpolarization. 127) _____

128) If the equilibrium potential of a cation is -40 mV, then opening of channels for this cation will 128) _____
result in excitation of the neuron.

129) Neural integration occurs at a neuron's cell body. 129) _____

130) Presynaptic modulation occurs at axosomatic synapses. 130) _____

131) Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases. 131) _____

 132) GABA is a biogenic amine. 132) _____

133) When one neuron has several axon collaterals that communicate with several other neurons, it is 133) _____
called divergence.

134) GABA acts as an autocrine at GABAB receptors. 134) _____

135) EPSPs are at least 10 mV in magnitude at the point of synaptic communication. 135) _____

136) Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one-to-one, that is, one 136) _____
presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
137) Information travels through the nervous system along the axons as action potentials. These action potentials
must be transmitted across the synaptic cleft. Describe the process whereby an action potential that has
entered the axon terminal is able to induce a change in membrane potential in the postsynaptic membrane,
following neurotransmitter binding to a metabotropic receptor.

138) Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

139) Postsynaptic potentials, generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and how chloride channels can be
inhibitory without producing an IPSP.

140) Once an action potential reaches the axon terminal, that depolarization stimulates the release of
neurotransmitters that can be modulated by other neurons that synapse with the axon terminal. Describe
how neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal and how that response is altered by axoaxonic
synapses.

141) The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is acetylcholine which binds to nicotinic receptors on skeletal
muscle. Describe the process whereby acetylcholine is synthesized, released, and degraded within the
synapse.

142) Catecholamines are an important class of neurotransmitter. Describe the receptors involved in responding to
catecholamines and how they are degraded.

143) Describe the process of neural integration in neurons, with particular emphasis on summation and how
action potentials are generated within neurons.

144) A number of modified epithelial cells, acting as sensory receptors, innervate a single neuron. Some of these
cells release excitatory neurotransmitters, while others release inhibitory neurotransmitters. How are these
responses integrated by the neuron to determine whether an action potential will be generated or not?

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
145) (Opening / Closing) of a potassium channel results in an excitatory postsynaptic 145) ____________
potential.

146) A neuron actively transports chloride ions out of the cell. Opening of chloride channels 146) ____________
in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will produce an
IPSP thereby (exciting / inhibiting) the neuron.
147) A neuron has no active transport systems for chloride ions. Opening of chloride 147) ____________
channels in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will
produce (an IPSP / membrane stabilization) thereby inhibiting the neuron.

148) Once the neurotransmitter that has activated a slow receptor has been cleared from the 148) ____________
synapse, the change in membrane potential (will immediately dissipate / can last a while
before dissipating).

149) Temporal summation is less likely to occur when the receptor that has been activated is 149) ____________
a (fast / slow) receptor.

150) The higher the frequency of action potentials generated, the (more / less) 150) ____________
neurotransmitter released at a synapse.
 1) A
2) A
3) E
4) E
5) E
6) E
7) D
8) E
9) A
10) C
11) D
12) C
13) C
14) E
15) A
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) A
20) E
21) D
22) C
23) B
24) E
25) A
26) E
27) E
28) C
29) A
30) D
31) A
32) A
33) B
34) B
35) D
36) B
37) E
38) C
39) A
40) B
41) B
42) A
43) C
44) A
45) E
46) E
47) D
48) D
49) D
50) B
51) E
 52) E
53) E
54) A
55) C
56) A
57) D
58) C
59) C
60) E
61) B
62) E
63) E
64) E
65) D
66) C
67) E
68) A
69) E
70) B
71) E
72) D
73) E
74) B
75) A
76) A
77) A
78) E
79) C
80) B
81) C
82) B
83) A
84) C
85) D
86) D
87) D
88) D
89) A
90) D
91) E
92) B
93) A
94) A
95) E
96) C
97) E
98) E
99) A
100) E
101) A
102) B
103) A
104) B
105) E
106) A
107) A
108) B
109) C
110) A
111) E
112) FALSE
113) TRUE
114) TRUE
115) TRUE
116) FALSE
117) TRUE
118) FALSE
119) TRUE
120) FALSE
121) FALSE
122) TRUE
123) FALSE
124) TRUE
125) TRUE
126) TRUE
127) FALSE
128) TRUE
129) FALSE
130) FALSE
131) FALSE
132) FALSE
133) TRUE
134) TRUE
135) FALSE
136) FALSE
137) An action potential travels rapidly along the axon as a wave of depolarization. As that depolarization reaches the
axon terminal, the action potential is terminated by an absence of the voltage-gated sodium channels in the axon
terminal. However, the voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal are opened by the depolarization. The
subsequent increase in cytoplasmic calcium in the axon terminal causes the vesicles containing neurotransmitter to
fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents through exocytosis. Thereafter, cytoplasmic calcium
concentrations are rapidly returned to resting values by the short duration that the calcium channel remains open
(milliseconds) and pumps in the presynaptic membrane moving calcium out of the cell. This rapid return of
cytoplasmic calcium to resting values allows subsequent action potentials to repeat the process described above and
release more neurotransmitter. A reduction in cytoplasmic calcium will decrease the release of neurotransmitter.
Once that neurotransmitter is released, it has several possible fates: it could be 1) bound to a receptor on the
postsynaptic membrane, 2) degraded by enzymes around the synaptic cleft, or 3) actively transported back into the
presynaptic terminal. For those neurotransmitters that have bound to metabotropic receptors on the cell membrane,
the binding of a ligand to its receptor will set into motion a chain of reactions that will result in the opening or
closure of an ion channel. Thus, depending upon the ion selectivity of the channel that is affected, the postsynaptic
membrane can either depolarize or hyperpolarize (sodium opening will depolarize as will potassium channel
closure, and vice versa). Some metabotropic receptors are coupled to G proteins, which accounts for their being
described as slow channels. Activation of G protein by receptor-ligand interactions can act in two ways: 1) directly
on an ion channel, or 2) indirectly through the activation of a second messenger cascade. Not only are these
responses slow in comparison to ionotropic receptors, but they can require longer periods of time to decay (i.e., the
chan ge in membrane potential is maintained for minutes to hours).
138) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) describe a graded depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane that is
generated by neurotransmitter binding to a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrites or cell body.
EPSPs are called excitatory because they bring membrane potential closer to the threshold for an action potential.
That depolarization can occur by opening sodium channels or by closing potassium channels. In addition, opening
non-selective cation channels that are equally permeated by potassium and sodium would also lead to a
depolarization due to the stronger electrochemical gradient for sodium at resting membrane potential. The stronger
sodium gradient would result in a greater influx of sodium compared with the efflux of potassium, which would
result in a depolarization of the membrane. Fast EPSPs are very short-lived (i.e., milliseconds). Because responses
generated by ionotropic receptors degrade so quickly, the potential for summation is reduced. Alternatively, EPSPs
generated by metabotropic receptors are slow to develop and persist for longer periods of time, thereby increasing
the possibility that they will summate. Those slow EPSPs generated via metabotropic receptors often involve the
cAMP-dependent closure of potassium channels. The metabotropic receptor is coupled to G protein which, once
activated, will activate the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP. An increase in cAMP will
activate protein kinase A, which phosphorylates the potassium channel, causing it to close. This depolarization is
maintained until cAMP is degraded by phosphodiesterase.
139) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) describe a graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane,
which is generated by ligand binding to a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrites or the nerve cell
body itself. IPSPs are called inhibitory because they take membrane potential further away from the threshold for
an action potential. That hyperpolarization can occur by closing sodium channels, by opening potassium channels,
or by opening chloride channels. With respect to chloride channels, the electrical gradient drives chloride out of the
cell while the chemical gradient drives chloride into the cell. The net movement of chloride will depend upon the
neuron involved: 1) neurons with active transporters that move chloride out of the cell set up an inward chloride
gradient, while 2) in the absence of an active chloride transporter, chloride is at equilibrium. In neurons with active
chloride transporters, opening a chloride channel will initiate the influx of chloride into the cell, thereby causing a
hyperpolarization. However, when chloride is at equilibrium, opening a chloride channel will not alter membrane
potential and thus, does not produce an IPSP. However, this synapse is considered inhibitory because once an EPSP
is initiated, that depolarization will create an electrical gradient that will move chloride into the cell, thereby
decreasing the extent of depolarization from any EPSP. Thus, while opening a chloride channel in a neuron lacking
an active chloride transporter will not alter membrane potential, the mere presence of open chloride channels will
counter any EPSP that might be initiated.
140) Axoaxonic synapses describe a structure where the axon terminal from one neuron synapses with another axon
terminal. These axoaxonic synapses are quite specific for a particular axon terminal. The release of neurotransmitter
from the postsynaptic neuron is determined by the extent of calcium released within the axon terminal. There are
two types of neuromodulation that can occur: presynaptic facilitation and presynaptic inhibition. In presynaptic
facilitation, calcium release in the axon terminal is enhanced, which increases the release of neurotransmitter. For
presynaptic inhibition, calcium release in the axon terminal is decreased, thereby decreasing the amount of
neurotransmitter released from the axon terminal.
141) Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized within the axon terminal. Choline acetyl transferase is the
enzyme within the axon terminal that converts acetyl CoA and choline into acetylcholine. The acetylcholine is
packaged within the vesicles for release into the synapse. Once released, acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic
cleft and binds with a cholinergic receptor. There are two types of cholinergic receptors that are present: muscarinic
and nicotinic. The distribution of these receptors varies by tissue, as does the response originated from these
receptors. Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic and thereby trigger an ion channel opening. Muscarinic receptors are
metabotropic receptors whose activity is triggered via a G protein. In response to activation by acetylcholine,
muscarinic receptors can either open or close ion channels or activate enzymes. The remainder of the acetylcholine
must be removed from the synapse. This is done by the presence of acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholine is degraded
to choline and acetate. The choline can be actively transported back into the axon terminal and recycled into
acetylcholine.
142) Catecholamines are synthesized within the axon terminal from the amino acid tyrosine. The catecholamines include
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Once released, dopamine will bind to dopaminergic receptors,
whereas norepinephrine and epinephrine both bind to adrenergic receptors. There are two main classes of
adre beta. Each is divided into multiple subclasses (α 1-2 and β 1-3). Adrenergic receptors are found in the central
nergi nervous system and on effector organs for the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenergic receptors are coupled to G
c protein, making adrenergic receptors metabotropic receptors. At the same time, adrenergic receptors are
recep autoreceptors, meaning that they are present on the presynaptic membrane to modify the release of catecholamines.
tor: Thus, catecholamines released from an axon terminal will bind to adrenergic receptors on both the presynaptic and
alph postsynaptic membrane. Following their release, catecholamines are degraded by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and
a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). MAO and COMT are located within the synaptic cleft, while MAO is also
and found in the axon terminal and some glial cells
143) In order for an action potential to be triggered from a neuron, membrane potential must be above threshold at the
axon hillock. Thus, both axodendritic and axosomatic synapses are involved. The responses that originate from
these synapses are dependent upon the neurotransmitter released and the receptor to which those
neurotransmitters bind. Membrane potential changes originate from ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. The
ionotropic receptors are both a receptor and an ion channel such that neurotransmitter binding to the receptor
induces the ion channel to open, but only for a short duration (milliseconds). However, metabotropic receptors are
coupled to ion channels via G proteins. When activated, they act slowly to open or close ion channels. These
changes in the gating of ion channels are rather long-lived (seconds to hours). Summation occurs when multiple
postsynaptic potentials are generated in rapid succession at the same synapse. If a postsynaptic potential is
generated by repeated bursts of action potentials from the same synapse that occurred before the original
postsynaptic response can completely decay, then a temporal summation has occurred. If the multiple action
potentials that enhance the magnitude of the postsynaptic potential originate from several synapses, then a spatial
summation has occurred. Each of these types of summation can either increase or decrease the likelihood of an
action potential being generated. If two synapses are active but one generates excitatory postsynaptic potentials
(EPSPs) and the other generates inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) of equal magnitude, then the two will
cancel one another. However, if several EPSPs are generated, then it becomes more likely that an action potential
will be generated. In the end, each of the EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials that decay as they move from the
dendrite to the cell body and eventually to the axon hillock. Thus, whether an action potential is generated will
depend upon the membrane potential at the axon hillock.
144) These modified epithelial cells will synapse with the dendrites on the body of a neuron. As neurotransmitters are
released onto those dendrites, a graded potential is produced at the postsynaptic membrane that will either
depolarize (excitatory postsynaptic potential) or hyperpolarize (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) the membrane.
From the synapse, the graded potential will decay as it moves along the membrane of the cell body. In contrast,
action potentials do not decay as they move along an axon. Whether or not an action potential is generated is
determined by the magnitude of the membrane potential once it reaches the axon hillock. The axon hillock contains
the ion channels that are necessary for the generation of an action potential. Thus, if the graded potential that
originates at the dendritic synapse and travels along the cell body is still above threshold once it reaches the axon
hillock, an action potential will be generated. Two types of integration, referred to as summation, are spatial and
temporal. Spatial summation refers to a situation where two synapses are activated at the same time such that the
graded potential generated is the sum of the two inputs. Temporal summation refers to two impulses from the
same neuron where the second reaches the synapse before the first has decayed completely. However, the process
of summation does not necessarily lead to the generation of an action potential. The generation of an action
potential is dependent upon the nature of the impulses that are being summed (excitatory or inhibitory) and the
magnitude of those impulses.
145) Closing
146) inhibiting
147) membrane stabilization
148) can last a while before dissipating
149) fast
150) more
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 —Maide, nou in de stoomdroaimole.. dâ hier is d’r
debies! dubbel debies! je braikt d’r hier je allemenak!..
inne de stoommole.. doar kâ je ’n stuk van de toart
happe.. daa’s puur veul fainer.. de rais!

—Ikke rais d’r alletait eereste klas, moar ’t mot d’r drie
moal opstoan vat je! lolde Piet.

—Neenet pinkebul! drong Dirk op, en Willem méé,

eerest hier wa fraite.… poone! aiêres!.… hee maid!
stal uit! wa hai je d’r veur lekkers!

Dientje schrok. Ze hoorde de dronken stemmen van

oom Dirk en Piet, en de andere Hassels. Maar Dirk
herkende ’t dochtertje van Kees niet, zag alleen
vreetwaar, vettig en glimmig. Bij stapels rukten Dirk en
Willem de poonen en scharren uit ’t kinderknuistje, en
de reuzige klauw van Rink stopte ’t kind ’n rijksdaalder
in de hand. Gerekend werd er niet.

—Dá’ mot moar net an weuse.. bi jai besuikerd,

bromde Rink.—En ’t wàs goed, dat voelde Dientje ook
wel.

Vóór ’t stalletje brokkelden de kerels en meiden de

poonen open, en hapten in ’t blanke vet en vleesch.
[314]

Zoetig broeide de bakolie rond in walmstanken.

—Hee Dirk! waa’s dat! frait jai d’r puur op ’n droogie!

jai kakkerlak! woar is ’t kind? wie wiegt d’r ’t klaintje?
jai Hoasewind?
 Piet uit ’n hoek, kwam aanzwaaien met de
jeneverkruik, dwars door ’n warreltroep die langs hen
hoste.—En in koeterwaalsche uitstottering van
vleinaampjes tegen den drank, sputterde ie naar de
meiden:

—Enne liefe makraile.… lekkere pokhoagels..

dottesnolle.. waa’t sel ’t weuse op haide veur de
doàmes.

—Nou! wai suipe d’r vast nie op de keie, bitste Guurt.

—Daa’s jou maines, moar maines nie, want ikke leg

d’r ’n urretje, schaterde Marie Pijler, de
kasteleinsdochter, die net bij ’t troepje aangeland was.

—Daa’s toal mestvarke! jai bint d’r gain snaiboon, sien

maide! sloan jullie d’r ’n gat in de kruik, hitste Rink.

—Jai bint d’r vast gain kalf mi ’t natte neus, lodderde

Piet na.

—Joà, proeste de furiënde blonde, op dâ terrain bi’k

deurpokt en deurmoaselt.… wâ jou Hoasefind? Moar
wâ selle wai doen mi sonders woafels en oliebolle..
main aiêrs motte sakke.. ikke hep d’r al drie en dertig
bikkelharde in main pins.

—Alloo maa’ne! hoale.. hoale! schaterde Trijn.

—Doar mo’k niks van heefte, bazuinde Rink, jelie mot

d’r nog soo veul, langsaampies maid.. dan braikt ’t
laintje nie!
 —Kaik daa’s sneu! set jai nou us de kat bai ’t spek!
hee wâ?

—Wa sneu! bulderde Rink weer, jou kakkerlak! sing

mee.. sing mee:

Heb jai sommes trek in ’n oliebol

Je kop roakt d’r vast nie van op hol!
Je loâ je waige of suipt ’n bier
Je host, je lach..igt, je haift pelsier..

En heel de stoet bralde mee voor ’n tentje, in walmig

bleek oranjeschijnsel: [315]

—Je host, je lach-igt, je haif pelsier

Je loâ je waige, je suipt je bier!

Voor den stoomdraaimolen gierde juichende

menschendrom.

Zondagavondsche kermisjoel was in verpletterend

uitbarstenden zwier aangestormd. Van alle
kermishoeken uit, brandden lampions, rood-oranje,
geel-groene gloor, tusschen flambouwengoud en
brandstapelig vonkgevlam van poffertjeskraam-ovens,
waarop ’t vuur knapperde en tonglikte, rood
ommistend de gloeikleurige tenten.

’t Zigzagde in de brandroode lucht van lampions-

kronkels en vlammige boogpoorten boven de oranjige
walmkoppen.

De stoomdraaimolen raasde in wenteling en

verroffelde vernielende geruchten rond, onder den hel-
paarsen brand van elektriek. Van binnen uit, achter
 barokstijl van zuilen en tempelbogen, kringden òm in
rutschbaangolving, venetiaansche gondels, vurig
beboegd, met gondeliers in tomaatroode gewaden,
sloepen en baldakijnen, hermelijn-blank oversneeuwd
in ’t helle licht, tusschen flakkerenden duizel van
spiegels en ruiten. Moorsche kioskjes, fel in vlam van
heete kleuren, zwalkten op baren van schitterige
glansen, avondzonnende sfeer van elektriek.

En telkens, andere sloepen en gondels draaiden vóór,

in roffelend gerucht; gondels, die de grof-koppige
gondeliers als Graal-karikaturen, op zwaanhalzige
bootjes, met hun zilverende schubbenkleedij, in hellen
gloed gevangen hielden. Als ’n zondvloedstorm
zwalpte de infernale roffel van den stoommolen
tusschen de saamgestampte licht-overschroeide
kijkmassa. Gekraak en gekreun kermde er neer uit de
sloepjes, brallend geschater uit heesche strotten. En
als Satanssignaal verschalde de stoomfluit van den
molen, angstgegil van ’n misthoorn, door den
brandenden woel heen, spiraal van demonisch
gerucht over de daverende en jammerende drommen
snerpend, verstervend in klagelijk geloei langs de
duisterende polderzee.—

Broeisfeer van kermis smeulde rook-rooder en

goudmistiger [316]òp in den zomer-zwoelen avond. Om
en achter de tenten en spellen in ’t duister, doken
kerels áán met meiden, in rauwe genotskreun, zat en
lijflog van uitgedierlijkten zwijmel. Politie deed
schuchteren rondgang daartusschen, waagde zich
nauw onder de mesklare vechters. Uit de bont-
gloeiende poffertjeskramen, langs ’t duisterend
 plankwerk, plofte plots ’n rij korte, lallende boertjes,
vetbuikige-ingedrongen gestaltetjes, begoudschemerd
van ovengloed. Hun koppen grijnsden dronken, bietig-
purper; hun bezopen oogen verfonkelden lol, en hun
glanzende pofpetten reepten ’n zwarte lijn boven hun
tronies. In hun midden herkuulde ’n paal-lange reus,
slungel met smallen zeehondenkop, wreed loerend uit
loensche oogen. Donker bonkten z’n schonken boven
de lage rij pofpetten uit.—Boerbuikjes spanden,
armpjes wrongen, beentjes, breed gezakt in
klepbroekenplooien, zwommen en trampelden rond in
den oranje lichtmist, en vóórt sliertte de met armen-
ingehaakte slingerrij, van den vuurschijn uit, ’t duister
in.—

Pal in de flakkerende flambouwing van de

luchtschommels doemden ze weer òp, begloeiend de
tronies, zwammig geel neerbrandend op monden,
kaaklijnen, woelend woest in oogholten. Telkens gleed
wisselenden lichtglans over den boertjesstoet als vóór
hen, een dolle dans van dwars voorbij rennende
kerels en wijven, okerenden rosglans van ovens en
lampen opslurpte.

Vlak voor de kleine boertjes uit, met den reuzigen

slungel in ’t midden die meedonkerde als gemoerde
lantaarnpaal waarop pofpet piekte, kankaneerden vier
woest-dronken Kerkervaartsche meiden, in flappering
van rokken en kanaljeuse lijfontblooting, zwierig
zwirrelend omschuimd van witte onderplunje, kolkend
tusschen hun dans-duivelige kuiten. Ze draaiden en
raasden in hun eigen kolkender rokkenschuim als
dolle kollen.—Met opene zangmonden, in keelbrand
roodgeslagen door ’t licht, koppen hemelwaarts, gilden
ze rond, tamboerijnend met de woeste knuisten op
kindertrommeltjes, kannibalige geruchten verroffelend.
Ze spuwden in den kermiswoel, horlepijpten [317]de
beenen in wilde harlekinade, en d’r kleurige
zondagsche plunje, oranjerood met d’r vieren,
vervlamde in ’t fakkelgoud, overal waar hun hos langs
schoot.

Donk’re kerelsstoet zeilde schuin àf op kleine

boertjesrij, haakte zich vast aan armstompjes en snel
in kringloop cirkelden ze zich wijd om de dronken
gillende meiden, die schaterend-woest zich plots
ingesloten voelden.—

Boerenkoppen glunderden zinlijk en wreed van passie

in gloedwalmend roodgeel schijnsel van ovens en
lampetten. Boerenbeentjes klein en zwaar van
krachtspanning, trampelden weer stuipend. De groote
slungel, schonkig en donker boven de pofpetten
uitreuzend, gierde en pagaaide z’n beenen in dronken
spartel voor zich uit. Z’n zeehondenkop met puntige
kinnespits, was beschuimd van uitgebrald spog, en z’n
karikatuurhanden, knepen krampig van pret in de
schouders van twee boertjes waar ie tusschen
gekneld waggelde.—

Politie had ’t duivelende meidenstel in hun jool van

rokken-lawaai, in hun stem-bezetenheid en
hysterischen waanzinroes zien steigeren, en met
schrik de boertjes zich zien storten op de dronken
furies, die heftig terugbonkten. Een van de vier
dronken vrijsters, lang en schraal, stond waggelend
 neusklankerig te stoethaspelen, drukte d’r hoofd in
den nek na wat wezenloozen woordenstamel, zoog de
flesch aan den mond en klokkerde ’r drankje in, knie-
ingezakt van passie. Aan haar arm ingehaakt, al de
rokken opgesjord, gilde ’n klein blondje, krijscherig als
’n zuigeling:

—Aooaau-uw! waa’t ’n ska-ande!

De twee andere meiden slingerden mee met de

dansschokken van de hysterische blonde, die lach-
hinnekend, in polderkerelkracht d’r dronken
vriendinnen, dàn naar zich toesleurde, dàn weer van
zich afstootte.

En rond hen, de tronies-wreede boertjeskring,

buikzwaar en kortbeenig, met den paljaslach van den
schonkigen donk’ren herkuul er boven uitrochelend.—
[318]

Boerenstoet, nu in kring met vreemde kerels rond

geschakeld, aarzelde met nieuwen aanval op de
meiden. Toen plots drongen de vreemde knapen
vooruit en smakten zich woest op de vier bezetenen,
hel in hun oranje-roode blouses en rokken. Hun
zangekerm brak even àf, en in spuwende verachting
spogen ze de kerels ’n stroom kleurige confettis in de
tronies, hun lijven in wilden woel, ruisch en druisch,
rondspiralend in eindlooze serpentiens.—

De meiden, hoonend in hun woeste kracht,

trampelden rond dat de serpentiens knapten op hun
lijven. Twee kerels mikten hun de slangelinten in de
zanglallende monden, kronkelden ze tusschen hun
 ontbloote beenen, en de boertjes in wreeden
zinneschater, kringden nauwer áán. De meiden, doller
in al engeren krans zich voelend, haakten zich armlos,
trampelden de boertjes op de tonnige korpulente
buikjes, mokerden vuisthevig in de gloed-geschroeide
kerelstronies. En haveloozer overkolkt van
rokkenschuim, kankaneerden ze zich los tegen den
boertjes-muur, die de bezetenen weer met woesten
smak den kring inwaggelden.

Besefloos en òp hijgden twee meiden uit, met

bloederig gevlek van karmijn-valen schijn op de
kaken.

Politiemannetjes onrustiger, rukten áán, sloegen zich

nu gemaakt-driftig door den boerenkring heen, botsten
de dronken kerels wèg, verkneuzend hun papieren
ruikerpracht op borst, hoofd, rug en dijen.

Maar de kerels waggelden in nijdigen haast bijéén met

hun afgezakte kleeren, losgerukte broeken en jassen,
in dronken gier harlekineerend met kleurigen flapper
van linten en mutsen. Al dichter verschuifelden ze
naar bakovenbrand van grootste wafelenkraam, zwaar
gebarend in protest, om ’t weggeduw der politie;—
daar groeiend tegen den rossigen vulkanischen
lichtschroei als waggelende titanen. Vermanend-
schuchter drongen de wetsmannen áán, de dol-
gierende meiden praaiend naar kalmte.

Maar de furiën overmoediger raasden òp, stotterden

van dronken drift, spogen, vloekten en scholden op de
agenten, mokerden [319]plots tegelijk als op bevel, met
woeste beukvuisten op de koperende gloedhelmen in.
De lange schrale meid met ’t „hápje” in ’r hand, kwijlde
en zoop slurperig-lang tot den laatsten drup, zwierde
toen plots de flesch op de keien dat ’r
schervengedruisch kletterde rond de helmmannen.
Dan greep ze, met twee handen bijéen haar
roodhellen rok, knoopte de punten hoog op de heupen
vast, en stormde, de vuisten tot mokers gekneld, in
dronken draf op een klein agentje àf.

Fakkelgloed goot rood-gele verglijende schijnsels op

de gouden helmen, die standjesachtig-puntig bòven
de pofpetten van weer aangedrongen boertjes,
verdeukte hoeden en losharige meidkoppen
weerlichtten in schramperig geglans.

De meiden bijeenstrompelend in de haveloozen gier

van hun ontbloote lijven en den driftbeef van hun
passiemonden, woelden nog in kraak en slinger van
afgeknapten serpentiens, kleurlinten, konfetti’s en
losgebladerde ruikers. Als ’n kleurig netwerk zat hun
verflodderde haartooi met konfetti’s en lintslippen
volgekroest, als had avondhemel vurigen hagelslag
over hun uitgestort. Twee meiden hadden hun
trommels met de vuist in ’t perkament doorstooten, en
bonkten er mee rond. ’t Blondje en de schrale, rukten
zich de konfetti’s en lintslippen uit de haren,
verkauwden de serpentiens en ruikers, en in
steigerende razernij spogen ze kleurige fluimen de
agent-bakkessen in.—Huilerige woedeklanken
schorden ze uit, in wezenloozen zwijmel van gebaren.
Vloeken, spuwden ze rond in liederlijke rauwheid, en
straatdeunig schreiden hun dronken stemmen tegen
elkaar in.
 —Lies, krijschte de magere, jai stoan d’r op de
valraip.. kom kerlinike.. kom- ker.… linike.… kom!.…
ikke seg … da d’r ’n hap is!—en ’n nieuwe flesch
zwierde ze in hoonenden jool boven hun kleurig-
behagelde koppen, heete beestschaters uitproestend
voor verblufte agenten en kijkers. De boertjes
sprongen weer brutaler bij, aangelokt door de stoute
furiën, trappelden en ranselden klappen en boffen
rond, in snauwende vloeken.

—Toe, hitste Lies, in hysterischen krijsch, met ’n stem

van ’n [320]straatorgelbas, zelf doller met ’r vuistmokers
rondzwaaiend dat ’r niemand te na kwam,—toe! gaif
jai d’r die klebak ’n handskoen da s’n bofedeurtje deur
de muur hainskiet!

—Gain groasje! gain groasje, dood an die swaine, trek

jullie.. d’r ’n poar kiese! roggelde de schrale weer,
kwijlspuwend en trappend de rokken tot d’r borsten
opgesjord.—

—Gain proatjes op d’r laif! sloan hullie.… achter ’t

tessie, hinnikte ’t sterke blondje, die worstelde in
zenuwroetige en stuipende kracht met ’n agentje, van
wien ze de sabel had losgerukt.—

Toen hadden de helmmannen er genoeg van. Ze

vreesden de razernij der kerels rond om niet meer. ’n
Signaal snerpte door den rochelenden bral van
stemmen en in draf stormden helpers áán.

Met vijf zwaaien van de blink-helle sabels schoot

boertjeskrans uitéén, waggelde ontdane kerelsstoet
wèg, in krolschen krijsch, stonden de meiden alleen
 tusschen den helmendrom, die hoogkoperde en
lichtflitste in rood-gelen walmgloed.

Half dood van zenuwuitputtenden worstel zonken de

dronken furies op elkaar wèg, half ontbloot, de
havelooze plunje morsig vertrapt, de gekneusde
beenen dooréén gewarreld. Ze hijgden, en de lange
schrale onderaan, die in den struikel, d’r drie
vriendinnen boven zich kreeg gesmakt, lag plat op ’r
buik, grabbelde nog, zenuwspartelend naar haar
flesch die onder de kreunende borst van ’t blondje
uithalsde.

Raak stootten de agenten ze als gestruikelde paarden

op de beenen, en hoshos in boei, sleepten ze de
geschonden furies naar ’t stadhuis. De schrale Lies
liet zich sleuren langs de keien, half op ’r buik, waar
de geboeide handen onder krampten als korte vinnen.
In modder sleepte ze voort, tot eindelijk twee
helmmannen ’r bij de beenen en losharige kop
oplichtten, haar brankarig voortsjokkerden onder
woest gegier, schel gefluit en geschater van
meeschuifelenden menschendrom.—

’t Blondje, trapte en spoog dat de helmmannen ’r

mepten in de verwoede tronie, stompten op de
hijgende borsten, sterker haar knuisten bijeenknellend
in de boeien. Maar ze [321]trapte zich naakt dat de
helmmannen ’r telkens den vuurrooien rok, en ’t
schuimende ondergoed moesten neerslaan. Achter
den dronken stoet áán, in trein-woesten daver,
trampelden kijkers in joelkring, en voorbij ging ’t in den
 oranjigen walmgloed van fakkels, gaspitten en
lampetten.

Duister gegier, getrampel en fluiterig-oproerig geraas

brasten in donk’re hoeken, en voort rukten de
agenten, recht uit naar ’t Stadhuis.

—D’r goan d’r vier Kerkfoarters de bak in, krijschten

jochies, kerels en meiden dooreen, met angstklank
van politieverzet in de ontstelde toch oproerige
stemmen, vechtlustig doortrild van haat tegen ’t
helmstoetje.

Dwars door de kermishitte, in ’t demonengoud en

pralig gefonkel, rukten ze voort de ordemannen, en
plots zwenkten ze steegje door, op ’t stadhuis áán.
Toen, met ’n sleur rukten ze de meiden stoep-end òp,
en stootten ze waggelend de gang in. Dof gekrijsch uit
de dronken meidenkelen heeschte nà, verward,
rochelend als uit moordkelen, klam en verwurgd, en
met slag van baas-zijn, smakten de agenten de
deuren voor de neuzen van kijkers en meeloopers
dicht, dat ’n rouw gejoel uit den menschendrom
opraasde, in ’n woeste alliteratie van wraak, al was ’t
maar in hoongeluid alleen.

Stom en strompelend waren de geboeide furiën de

bak ingeduwd.

Even verbluft maar, braste en bruiste de stoet weer

voort, satanisch d’r woelzangen verkrijschend in
oproerigen vechtlustigen jubel, rennend naar
Baanwijk, of daar wat gebeuren ging.
 [Inhoud]

VI.

In zwierige herrie hosten de Hassels en Grintjes,

Hazewind en Rink vóórop, door ’t korte Klooster-
steegje van Haven naar Baanwijk.

Telkens kleurvlammend in warmer tintenbrand, fel, in

de duisterende avondvergouding, schoten lijven van
prachtige [322]meiden door ’t licht, parkietig,
groenroode rokken en jakken; paarszilverig bekraalde
japonnen, geel gouden en bronzen manteltjes,
pronkerig dooreenschuifelend in ballettigen warrel.

Wild hosten de goud bekapte boerinnen, hun

hoofdtooi in fonkelende cier uitblinkend onder ’t fijne
mutsengaas, met de glanzende kurketrekkers bij de
slapen, naast hoed-bepluimde, slank-prachtige
meiden in den warmen wasem en damp van ’t
lichtgevloei.

Rauwe krijsch, zwirrelde achter de Hassels en Grint’s

áán in ’t steegje, en schimmige rompen met bangen
schaduwsleep stortten plots in ’n vlaag van
kraamgloeilicht, vlak voor hen uit weer vervlammend.
Oranje helle gloed sloeg daar tegen de tronies áán, de
monding van kloostersteeg uitgolvend. In gril en kras
streepvlamde de gloed op voorhoofden, dwars over
neuzen en monden, vrat hel in op kleeren en
schouders; beschminkte in wond’ren brand
oranjevlammig, wild en huiverend-woest, kaken en
wangbrokken, soms plots in warrel van wind
 verschemerend naar roodgeel, rossig oranje en
bleekgoud.—

Omzoomd in beverig rosgeel schuifelden de Hassels

en Grintjes voort, en ver achter hen aan, in
schemerrood dromden al meer romp-donk’re dringers,
verklonk hijgend rauw gejoel van nieuwe stoeten, zich
stortend en wringend in den steegdrang, ineengeperst
tusschen engen kronkel van huisjes, karren en hekjes,
als ’n benauwende bent z’n duistere opstanding
beworstelend.

Uit donk’re kroegjes in ’t steegje, verraasde getier en

misbaar achter groene gordijntjes, schor-rumoer en
dreunig zanggezeur. Schunnige muzikanten
trombonden daar uit, schel-valsche zangscheuren,
basdiep en dreunend.

Telkens ritsten groene gordijnen weg van de roe en

rossigden de kroegholletjes goudrookig open, met hun
bedompten petroleumwalm, verstikkende
danszaaltjes, kermissnel ingericht voor sprong en
zuip.

Kerels met oranje doeken, boevige kroegtypen en

zweetende meiden zwelgden daar in dollen warrel, en
tusschen de moffenblazers [323]zanikte ’n valsche
harmonika zuchtenden zang, waarom heen, in
kanaljeuzen kankan, handen tot poorten geheven, de
heete meiden, grinnikend en zinnerauw, verwoelden in
kring.—Door ’t steegje heen verklonk in getemperd
gerucht, bachanaal van de geel-dampige dansholen.
 Tegen donkeren inham bij lage kaduke krottenrij,
waarvan de gevellijnen in nachtzwart schimden, en
kronkelpad slingerde naar doodsche huisjes, buiten
den kermiswoel verstillend als leeggemoord,—zat ’n
blinde in schemer van droef-lichtende nachtkaars. Z’n
kale kop, tegen verweerden roestmuur, vermurmelde
ie nederige smeekende bedelwoordjes, één
uitgemagerde beefhand vooruitgekromd met bakje.—
Schimmig stààrde z’n blinde tronie, even beschemerd
in bleek wasschijnsel en reuzig silhouetten rug en
hoofdschaduw op ’t verweerde baksteen van den
roestmuur. Langs ’m wrongen en drongen de
kermisgangers, nijdig uitvallend tegen den
schooierigen blinde, dat hij zich zoo maar, met z’n
ellende en duistere droefnis, dwars door hun pret te
kijk kwam stellen.

Op Baanwijk brandde ’t avond-goud gas door rossigen

nevel van reuzelige stanken. De bont-stralende
kramen stonden er als gigantisch speelgoed in ’n
ravijn van toortsgloed. Ze flonkerden in gondelierige à-
giornopraal en spiraligen kleurenbrand. En alkleurig
licht ademde uit, zengde den paars-duisteren nacht
rondom.

Door boterige oliestanken, zoetig, ranzig en

prikkelend, nevelde de lichtval, en de wisselglanzige
kraamruitjes, in hun doorvlamd rood en kobalt,
verschoten in kleurige spiegeling, weerkaatst geel en
amber-diep schijnsel, glissend en spelend over glas-
glanzingen, in brekenden klater van prismabrand en
avondvonkenden luister. En tegen overal wijkende
achtergronden van rood-rossigen damp, vlamden de
 bakovens van verre, als ’n smidsestad in smokerig
oranje-helle omgloeiing; in uitdonkerende verwaaiing
en oplichting van likkend vuur en zwarten walm; dàn
weer als altaren waarop takkenbosjes knetterden en
uitrookten. Waar, achter begloeiden mist, de koperen
warm-vlammende [324]meelpotten, tempelig in glorie
van amber en goudgeel uitlaaiden, glimmerenden
brand van hel-gepoetst koper.—En achter en tusschen
de vlammende altaren en gouden meelpotten, in
flakkerenden damp, de blank-beservette
wafelentafeltjes, omflonkerd van vuur-glans
uitschietende karafjes en glazen, alles in blank-
zilverende sfeer, gloeiend in rijtjes, tusschen de
rooddonkere overgordijnen, stoeltjes en knussige
salonnetjespracht. Rij aan rij, achter de ovens,
troonden de dikke baksters op de hooge zetels, als
vervette mythe-godinnen, in de blonde wreedheid van
hun geblankette tronies, scheppend uit de meelpotten,
den druipenden lepel uitstortend over de
poffertjesplaten, waarop ’t knetterde, siste en
babbelde.—Er boven uit vergeurde ’n helsche
lekkerheid van boterig zoet, tusschen prikkeligen
bakoliestank. De takkenbossen knetter-vlamden;
flakkerende smookgloed karnavalde allegorische
lichtgroepen in een duizelenden schroei, en
angsthellig ’t oranjig demonengoud van de
ovenvlammen vèrdampte walmen over de vloekzang-
geruchten. Rond den knetter en rook-rooden bak van
poffers en wafels; rond de klepperende geluiden van
tangen, sis-roosters en ijzeren platen, dreunden de
helsche orgelkelen tegen elkaar in, in schellen tingel;
en rauw van verslempende misère schreide de
menschenzang rond, van de lichthoeken
 neerjammerend in den duisteren nacht, overal om ’t
stedeke, ontzet en dreigstil.—

En heller de avondgouden lampenbrand van kramen

en olieboltentjes, met hun kleurige dekzeilen en
kakelenden lichtwarrel, vlamden, goudden, rossigden
en barnsteenig-geelden in flonkerige sfeer, als
speelgoed van reuzen.—

Drom na drom schoot er langs, en de boomen voor de

tenten, tusschen de dolle hossers, als levende van
schrik verstarde wezens, knokelden en knoestten in
hun gekerfde schors, half belicht, de donkere kruinen
angstiglijk verruischend hoog in ’t nachtzwart.

Op Baanwijk stonden armelijk verlicht, tusschen

sjofele oliekoektentjes, roetig omwalmd van
lampetten, de palingstalletjes in geel-schichtig
lichtwaaisel, omhuifd van nachtzwart; de zuur- en
[325]eierkraampjes in nog valeren pittengloei. Achter de
zuurtonnetjes in walmig geelrood, wonderbronzig
verbangden tronies van kerels die schreeuwden tegen
’t beverig getoorts en gewaai van licht, dat rosgeel
schemerleven op de zondige zorgmommen rookte.—

Telkens wat schooierige stelletjes, waggelend en

brallend, bleven strompelen voor de kraampjes en
vraatzuchtige monden hapten lever, verkwijlden zuur;
gretige handen pelden stinkende eieren, en
ontvleesden paling. Broeirige vischstank borrelde
tusschen de bakolielucht.—
 Kerels en wijven lalden áán, bebonkerden de wrakke
kraampjes met hun vloeken en razernijen, de tronies
gedoopt in den wond’ren bronsgouden flakkergloed,
en omkropen van schaduwleven, dat meesloop wen
menschen zich tusschen de lichtdamp drongen;
schimmen als zwart-walmige nagenieters van
kermisjool. Schaduwkoppen monsterlijk doorhakt,
verdeukt en misvormd spookten donker onder en òver
’t laag gespannen zeildoek, dwars tegen bakken en
tonnen òp, warrel van schimmen, plots bij verschuif
van stoetjes raadselachtig stil verdwijnend dòor de
wrakken heen, of neerstortend in lichtval van voorbij-
kruisend licht.

Achter de armelijke kar-kraampjes, in hun droeve

prachtsfeer van geelrood en bronsros lichtgetril, half
omdampt in ’t nacht-duister, lichtten de hooge
roodbehangen speelgoedtenten, minachtend de
donk’re ruggen naar de wrakstalletjes gekeerd. Ze
schitterden in hun fel-kleurigen ballonnetjesgloei,
illuminatieachtig-hel, gegierlandeerd langs de lijnen
van vensters en gevels, doorvonkt van lichtjes.—

Het rood-gouden, rood-gele en dampig-bronzige licht

stortte, druischte neèr op den verblindenden flonker
van poppetjes, gegarneerd in prachtbonte kleeren,
omstrooid van kleurtjes, geflikker en geschitter;
omgloeide woelige snuisterijen, paardjes, schaapjes,
met vurige keelbandjes; karretjes, tooverbekertjes,
ringspellen, alles geurend in den lokkenden reuk van
nieuw speelgoed. En overal in de tenten, wond’re
fonkel en tintel van koperen belletjes en kralen, als
indische gordijnen neerhangend, [326]doorvlamd van
 licht. Overal kleurige doozen, speelgoed-geurig en
houtvervig, vol zilveren kraaltjes, goudbronzen,
melkwitte en aluminium-blanke snoertjes. Overal in
lichtdruisch, toov’rige slinger van brandend malakiet
en wijnrood geparel, onder den fellen stangboogglans
òpflitsend tusschen geurig zaagsel, als sprookjes-
schatten rondgestrooid op goud en zilverpapier;
fonkelende parels en snoeren paars en geel, vurig
groen, karmijn en wonder glanzend blauw,
opeengehoopt als ’n vlammend wereldje van zonnig
kindergeluk.

Zoò, hevig gloeide de lange laan van

speelgoedtenten, met d’r lokkende en tokkelende
kleurtjes, hun flonkerigen lichtzang, verproestend hun
glansjubel, verlachend hun rood en groen, hun
gouden zevenklapperenden gloed, hun vlammige
zonnetjes van parels en kralen. Hevig lokten ze de
kermisgangers aan, lokkend en tokkelend d’r
lichtmelodie, dat ze verbluft stand hielden voor ’t front,
uìt razenden hoswarrel.

Tusschen de Jutskoppen schreeuwden wat

spullebazen „bezienenswaardigheden” uit; rauwe
kermisspeech met angstigen suggestieklank in d’r
melodramatieke moordstemmen afgedreund.—

—Hier is te sie-en ’t gruufelijke seemonster.. met drie-

dubbele rij tande.. geschote deur een Inlans metroos,
tèrfijl dit gruufelijke monster, besig was een lèfendig
mins te verslinde!..

Moordhol timbreerde z’n stem, en vlak naast ’m klonk

’n andere zang.…
 —Hierr staat te kijk.. ’n meisje uit de binnelande van
Suid-Aùstralië.. dewelleke leefendige konijne eet,
alsmede.. tabak en gras.… Uw lieden zult haar hoore
in heur gebed aan de maan!.… En hoe sij de
bleekgesichte bloedig skalpeert.… Tien cents slechts
per persoon en per lid.—

Angstig en zwaar melodramatiekte z’n schorre stem

van de estrade àf en in valen schemer geelde z’n
gezicht even òp in den flakkerschijn van ’n kleine
flambouw boven de tenttrap. Bij elken
aandrommenden hosstoet, herhaalde ie z’n bange
woorden-vracht,.… dat ze de leefendige konijne..
verslindt met d’r slagtande, glas kouwt en brandende
sigare freet. [327]

Hossers uithijgend, bleven staan en luisterden. Naar

rechts werd z’n stem overschreeuwd door ’n buurman
die opriep de massa om te kijken naar de Zuid-
Afrikaansche Boerenworsteling, leefendig voorgesteld
in beelde.… Met ’n ècht slachtveld waar de lijke,
bloedend en onthoofd op neerlegge.…

Rond den krijsch der spullebazen, paf-knalden,

knetterden en mokerdreunden de Jutskoppen. Stel
voor stel stoette vóór de reklameplaat van ’t wilde
meisje en suggestiever huivergriezelde stem van den
omroeper.

—Verslind leèfendige konijne.… veur de ooge van ’t

publiek, eet glas en brandende sigare.… skalpeert de
bloedige menscheschedels.… Over twee minute sal
de nieuwe voorstelling een aanvang neme.… Bereids
zijn er duizende en duizende mensche reeds