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    12 views10 pages

    Imgtopdf 0401241839009

    Uploaded by

    meme.baker1289

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    INTRODUCTION A transformer is one of the most common devices found in electrical system that links the circuits which are operating at different voltages. These are commonly used in applications where there is a need of AC voltage conversion from one voltage level to another. It is possible either to decrease or increase the voltage and currents by the use of transformer in AC circuits based on the requirements of the electrical equipment or device or load. Various applications use wide variety of transformers including power, instrumentation and pulse transformers. In a broad, transformers are categorized into two types, namely, electronic transformers and power transformers. Electronic transformers operating voltages are very low and are rated at low power levels. These are used in consumer electronic equipment like televisions, personal computers, CD/DVD players, and other devices. The term power transformer is referred to the transformers with high power and voltage ratings. These are extensively used in power generation, transmission, distribution and utility systems to increase or decrease the voltage levels. However, the operation involved in these two types of transformers is same. PRINCIPAL OF TRANSFORMER A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction, i.e., whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with ac" changes, an emf is induced in the neighbouring coil CONSTRUCTION A transformer consists of primary and secondary coils insulated from each other, wound on a soft iron core. To minimize eddy current a laminated iron core is used. The a.c. input is applied across the primary coil. The continuously varying current in the primary coil produces a varying magnetic flux in the primary coil, which in turn produces a varying magnetic flux in the secondary. Hence, an induced emf is produced across Let EP and ES be the induced emf in the primary and secondary coils and NP and NS be the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively. Since same flux links with the primary and secondary, the emf induced per turn of the two coils must be the same. Soft Iron Core THEORY AND WORKING The working of the transformer is explained below. The transformer consists of two separate windings placed over the laminated silicon steel core. Primary Secondary winding winding . Npturns vs turns rimary urrent —» /p Secondary Js__ current Primary voltage s Vp J), Secondary { Yi voltage The winding to which AC supply is connected is called primary winding and to which load is connected is called secondary winding as shown in the fig. below. It works on the alternating current only because an alternating flux is required for mutual induction between the two windings. When the AC supply is given to the primary winding with a voltage of vl, an alternating flux o sets up in the core of the transformer, which links with the secondary winding and as a result of it, an emf is induced in it called Mutually induced emf. The direction of this induced emf is opposite to the applied voltage vi, this is because of Lenz's law. Metal core TETATT Seconiary PE KEES Physically, there is no electrical connection between the two windings, but they are magneti 5/11 connected. Therefore, the electrical pow transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit through mutual inductance. The induced emf in the primary and secondary coil depends upon the rate of change of flux linkage i.e., (Ndo/dt). do/dt is the change of flux and is same for both the primary and secondary coils. The induced emf in the primary winding is directly proportional to the number of turns of primary coil. Similarly, induced emf in the secondary coil directly proportional to the number of turns in the secondary coil. TRANSFORMER ON DC SUPPLY As discussed above, the transformer works on AC supply, and it can not work on DC supply. If the rated de voltage is applied across the primary coil, a constant magnitude flux will set up in the core of the transformer and hence there will be no self- induced emf generation, and as for the linkage of flux with the secondary coil there must be alternating flux not a constant flux. According to OHM's LAW: - PRIMARY CURRENT = DC APPLIED VOLTAGE RESISTANCE OF PRIMARY COIL The resistance of the primary coil is very low, and the primary current is high. So, this current is much higher than the rated full loaded primary coil current. Hence, as a result, the amount of heat produced will be greater and therefore eddy current loss will be more. Because of this, the insulations of the primary coil will get burnt, and the transformer will be damaged. Turn ratio: - It is defined as the ratio of no of turns in the primary coil to that of the secondary coil. Turn ratio = N1/N2 ~+ If N2>N, the transformer is called step up transformer. ~« If N2

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