|S“ STAKSHSHILAINSTITUTEOF®""" hrecaaerrg ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [czvstsnsirinoy DEPARTMENT OF M! Subject!FLUID MECHANICS ME-405 Semester: IV To determine the coefficient of discharge oF Orifice meter. To determine the coefficient of discharge of Notch (V, Rectangular and Trapezoidal types). To verify the Bernoulli's theorem, — To determine the Meta-centric height of a floating body ice. ship ! To determine the minor losses due to sudden enlargement, sudden contraction and bend. a detecuiine Gee oe eticient otinavact tor vane ailty i To determine the | coefficient of discharge, contraction & velocity of an Orifice. To find critical Reynolds number for a pipe flow. ~—ia mesier. 500} Vv cee PiqaxsHsHILAINStiTuTEOF ENGINEERING AN ) TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [cane nsmmunony DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: “ [ EXPERIMENT NO: 1 meter: AIM: - To determine the coefficient of discharge of 01 APPARATUS: -Onifice meter, installed on different pipes, arrangement of varying flow rate, U- tube manometer, collecting tank. THEORY: Orifice meter are depending on Bemoulli's equation. Orifice meter is a device used formeasuring the rate of fluid flowing through a pipe. Formula Used:- “Formula Used: via? - a?) uw 4 Aav gah) wcask = MANS OF TAKSHSHILA INSTITUTE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR | DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING |_ Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: Wy ul where ia A= Cross section area of inlet ‘Cross section area of outlet Ai= Head difference in manometer Discharge Coefficient of discharge “Acceleration due to gravity cor will be tess than 1, but smaller than Cd valueor Coefficient of discharge of orifice mu venturimeter. Where A = Cross section area of inlet A = Cross section area of outlet Ah= Head difference in manometer Q = Discharge Cy = Coefficient of discharge g ~ Acceleration due to gravity wr = Coefficient of discharge of orifice meter will be less than 1, but smaller than Cy value of venturimeter. Procedure: 1. Set the manometer pressure to the atmospheric pressure by opening the upper valve. 2. Now start the supply at water controlled by the stop valve. 3. One of the valves of any one of the pipe open and close all other of three 4, Take the discharge reading for the particular flow. 5. Take the reading for the pressure head on from the u-tube manometer for corresponding readin of discharge. 6, Now take three readings for this pipe and calculate the Cy for that instrument using formuls 7, Now close the valve and open valve of other diameter pipe and take the three reading fot this 8. Similarly tke the reading forall other diameter pipe and caleulate, 24 for vaclse of =e, © = © | taKSHSHILAINSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR (iso DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: IV | OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:- Diameter of Orifice meter = Area of ctoss section = Area of collecting tank = Discharge Manometer Reading a= QVA2 -02 Initial] Final Time | Q An=13.6(h2-h1) , mm | pitterencd ni] n2 | neni Aavtesh reading reading] Gey baal = <= =F CONCLUSION: Hence the coefficient of discharge of Orifice meter is «oy oC ash atl — gan «ee DiqaKsHsHILA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR Ya PARTME Fr MECHANICAL E NGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ECT Code: NE-d0s Semesio® [ie seeee BEES | Subject: FLUID ‘MECHANICS PROCEDURE: 1. Open the inlet valve slowly and allow the water {0 flow from the supply @nk- flow in and out flo 2 Now adjust the flow to get constant head in the supply tank to make equal 3. Under this condition the pressure head will become constant in the piezometer tubes. 4. Note down the quantity of water colleted in the measuring tank for a given interval of time. 5. Compute the area of cross-section under the piezometer tube. 6, Compute the arca of cross- section under the tube. 7. Change the inlet and outlet supply and note the reading. 8. Take at least three readings as described in the above steps. OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: 7 Tre Discharge OF pezometer ‘Tube from inlet “Trea of Crom section ‘Underfoot Of each poi Velocity Of water ‘Under foot of each point via ee oles a { Subject: FLU IE Hence Beroulli’s theorem is verified, CONCLUSION: 28 1. Define b 2. Give the 3. Define t 4. Define 5. Define | 6. Giveth 7. Explair | =‘out flo time. be Subject: FLUID MECHANICS: Define bernoulis theorem. . ' = ha SHILAINSTITUTE OF* sane peat / JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Give the application where the bernoulis theorem used. Define the all type of energy head. Define the conservation of mass principle. Define the assumptions considered in Bernoulli's theoreti” Give the main paris ofthe Bernoulli's apparatus, © ~ Explain calculation used in this experiments? we 8 = Pi age Code: ME-405 Semester: IV © TON ifee i ‘SHSHILA ENGINEERING AND TE DEPARTMENT OF MEG! |_ Subject: FLUID MECHANICS LA INSTITUTE OF” HANICAL ENGINEERING Code: ME- 405 Semester. y 1a{ 9S metaceretic height ASE rigting ann Boertre of buoyancy W G certye at gravity ‘Ship Stapinty Formula Used: Won = Xa Ben ee a (We+ Wajtand Win! isunbalanced mass orweight} Be Sgyigh ef pontoon ex anyoaty, isthe distance from the center of pointer to atsiper or unbalanced weight & —isangle of tilt orheel si ae ee BN 1 Ue mus it PROCEDURE: 1. Note down the dimensions of the collecting tank, mass density of water. 2. Note down the water level when pontoon is outside the tank. 3. Note down the water level when pontoon is inside the tank and their difference. 4. Fix the strips at equal distance from the center. 5. Put the weight on one of the hanger which gives the unbalanced mass. 6. Take the reading of the distance from center and angle made by pointer on arc 7. The procedure can be repeated for other positioned and values of unbalanced mass. CHNOLOGY, JABALPUR age CONCL weights,eee [ir sili iStiruTeor™ "" " x ENGINEERING AND 7 TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: Me-405 Semester: Iv | OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: a Length of the tank — Width of the tank Area of the tank = Initial level of the water without pontoon = Final level of the water without pontoon = Difference in height of water(X) =X2 -X1 = Heightof =e = ‘cater | Difference al Weight of | Gaatanced GM= % Height. | Pontoon Metacentric 2 ee =o xd Wee Xie | || Height ae Pontoon(X2)| : i ke) . (a) (m) (m) (kg) (m) “ [ a BE CONCLUSION: Meta centric height of the pontoon is measured with different positions and weights. Li eel... i \“STAKSHSHILAINSTITUTEOF® 7" esa ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [axreonsmin DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ‘Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: IV r PERIMENT NO: 8 AIM: To determine the co efficient of impact for vanes APPARATUS: Collecting tank, Nozzle of given diameter, Vanes of different shape (flat, inclined or curved). THEORY: Momentum equation is based on Newton's second law of motion which states that the algebraicsum of external forces applied to control volume of fuid in any direction is equal to the rate of change of Momentum in that direction. The external forces include the componeat of the weight of the fluid of the forces exerted extemally upon the boundary surface of the control volume. If a vertical water jetmoving with velocity is made to strike a target, which is free to move in the vertical direction then aforce will be exerted on the target by the impact of jet, according to momentum equation this force (Which is also equal to the force required to bring back the target in its original position) must be equal to therate of change of momentum of the jet flow in that direction©©© )taksHsHilAiNstiruteor=" "© ” ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR ~~ DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING y Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: IV je Asthejet strike the vane, position of upper disk is changed, note the reading in the scale to which ~] vane is raised, ‘* Put the weight of various values one by one to bring the vane to its initial position. © Atthis position finds out the discharge also, * The procedure is repeated for each value of flow rate by reducing the water supply. — This procedure can be repeated for different type of vanes and nozzle. OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: Dia of nozzle = Mass density of water p = Area of collecting tank = Area of nozzle = HORIZONTAL FLAT VANE ‘When jet is not running, position of upper disk is at = aon- ena —_ Discharge measurement Balancing Theoretical Error in % Force F= os SNO | Initial | Final |Time | Discharge | Mass | Fore =E EF’ pQ2/A (cm) |(cm) | (sec) | (cm3/sec) Q] W (gm) F ote 47 |ce ICERIFED NS . ' vee =, : aa _LTaRsnsvilaiet pops 554 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: Viva question ME- 405 Semester: Iv 1. Define the term impact of jet, Differentiate between the forces exerted by a jet of water on fixed vertical plate & moving Vertical plate. Differentiate between the force exerted by a jet of water on single curved moving blade & series of curved moving. 4. Write down the expression of the work done per on series of moving curved blades. 5. Define the Mach number. A, 6. Define the various properties of fluid, Pay C AK 7. Write down the difference betw pire ftbine ~*~AR eee i > TaKSHSHILAINSHITUTEOF” lion ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [irri DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ie. Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semestan yy V Ee VIVA QUESTION Sub 1. Orifice meter based on which principle? \ 2. Define the Bernoulli's principal. | 3. Define orifice meter. 4. Define components of orifice meter. 5. Which type of manometer used in this experiment.? 6. Give the range of diameter of orifice plate. 7. Give the application of orifice meter. é 8. Give the disadvantages of orifice ee & 9. Define the main feature of orifice meter 5 10. Define vena-contracta. ad oe Q An atic ws bd advice poses qr neta fe rv: a) eens Ke ov as Fu 0 c ee 3 a ‘eke Cofficieng a & Bhhtige ub o-qy fo: ("0 D pecergar i Low pave cular fev heaAmipic fo Pipe defesmircl BaM'on Vewks os mefers lof icien€ “ cl Heche HAS ——$<—___——_—_ ' Bi a ME ia gSster: so ame MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: = a COD) sae fi TacGrejill MONS eTmOR ase * ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING =FANISO $0128 RTF ED | Iv EXPERIMENT NO: 2 AIM: - To determine the coefficient of discharge of Notch (V, Rectangular and Trapezoidal types). APPARATUS:- Arrangement for finding the coefficient of discharge inclusive of supply tank, collecting tank, pointer, scale & different type of notches. THEORY: Notches are overflow structure where length of crest along the flow of water is accuratelyshaped to calculate discharge. Formula Used:- Forv notch the discharge coefficient fang gg V 29H? tan$ For Rectangular notch ce gobs 3V2a BH2 For Trapezoidal notch 2 Ca= $V29 #3 (B+ tan &) Where Q= Discharge H=Height above crest level 8= Angle of notch B= Width of notchapecec fp ST ARCHSHMINSHTETEE * s ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, UAeOR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING a8 re Procedure: 1. The notch under test is positioned at the end of tank with vertical sharp edge on the upstream side. 2. Open the inlet valve and fill water until the crest of notch, 3. Note down the height of crest level by pointer gauge. 4. Change the inlet supply and note the height of this level in the tank. 5. Note the volume of water collected in collecting tank for a particular time and find out the discharge. 6. Height and discharge readings for different flow rate are noted. 10. Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: |’side, ut the Breath of tank ENGIN Subject: FLUID MECHANICS OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: Length of tank Height of water to crest level for rectangular notch is = Height of water to crest level for V notch = Height of water to crest level for Trapezoidal notch S Angle of V notch = Width of Rectangular notch = eee JraccusiilhNstiruTE or eb! RING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Code: ME-405 Semester: Iv —__—__ta. Discharge Final height| Head Final above reading height ‘Volume Of tank above width| crest level Hence The coefficient CONCLUSION: t of discharge of V Notchis é The coefficient of discharge of Rectangular Notch is_ The coefficient of discharge of Trapezoidal Notch is _ :_— Iecarcrcil i ae ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR ATFED ST, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: | j,i . Defines the notch. 2. Classify the notch. 3. Define the weirs. 4. Define working principle of notch. 5. Define nappe or vein. 6. Define sill or crest. 7. Give the application of notch. 8. Give the advantages of triangular manors 9. Give one difference between notch ayer. ae ¥ 10. Define velocity of approach a = £i..4 ry Such qury w ein Ehe Gani v v i me hes rt h the fone wefvee SSqaKSHSHILAINSTITUTEOF™ ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 'T Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: _ME- 405 Semester: AIM: IV To determine the friction factor for the pipes.(Major Losses). os APPARATUS: A flow circuit of G. I. pipes of different diameters, U-tube differential manometer, collecting tank. THEORY: a Friction factor in pipes or Major losses: - A pipe is a closed conduit through which fluid flows under the pressure. When in the pipe, fluid flows, some of potential energy is lost to overcome hydraulic resistance which is classified as follows: 1. The viscous friction effect associated with fluid flow. 2. The local resistance which result from flow disturbances caused by Say er & HY a) Sudden expansion and contraction in pipe b) Obstruction in the form of valves, elbows and other pipe fittings. c) Curves and bend in the pipe. d) Entrance and exit losses r loss in head potential energy due to friction is given by The viscous friction loss or majo Where eh . i hf =Major headloss 1=Length of pipe 4f = Friction factor V=Inlet velocity i g= Acceleration due to gravity d=Diameter of pipecee ey, The apparatus consist of sump tank and suction pipe connected fo a centrifugal pump. The outlet of the Venturimetet fitted{in a pipeline the help of the flexible hose pipe. The flow rate can be adjusted'y} the help of he pump is connected to a rot meter and then ’ass'valve provided to the delivery side a of the pump. Pressure tapping‘s are taken out Gos inlet and outlet (throat) though venturimeter and ¢ : + a 126 are connected through a U tul omg han ] &F Procedure : ro C4 SO 5 1. Fill the watgrinhe’s Y 10 Bemark 7S Se > 2. Pass wat t (Steady flo )) th nturimeter. é oe a e Chey” € 4 3 wig a far observation the valve position regulating the flow should be maintained i % constant, Note down differential manom* e ster readi centimeter. of veg y 4. ‘wn the reading of rotam the discharge through venturimeter by operating the ass valve. And repeat the proce Theory: Venturimeter are depending o: éfpoulli’s equation. Venturimeter is a device used for measurin 8 the rate of fluid flowing throught pipe. The consist of three part in short 1. Converging area part 2, Throat© © | STAKSHSHILA INSTITUTE OF alos fe ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [anazn DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: | | 3. Diverging part Subj Formula Used: OV (A? — a?) Ini a AaN (Zghh) reac Where A= Cross section areaofinict E = Cross section area of outlet ab= Head difference in manometer Q= Discharge — Cd = Coefficient of discharge g= Acceleration dueto gravity Coefficient of discharge value of Veuturimeter is closer to 1. —— OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: 10. Diameter of Venturimeter = Area of cross section = Area of collecting tank = =ee ) TaKSHSHILAINS tHruTE OF: ded~ Tet ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR |amreonsrrinoy DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: |v Discharge Manometer Reading 7 Initial | Final | Time | = paar peti coma Differenee| (soo) | 2] MY #2 | h2-t an=13.6(h2-n1)] — AaV2gAn 12 hed. + Ee et acter = y =f pane lof L tL J ER LUSION: Hence the coefficient of gates of Venturimeter is _ be Defin: 1 SS a C v Sores < type of” ‘minoietet in this aes & ‘ Gr inorae Siamas of eR Givé the ‘application of venturimeter, SAAR wA Aw Bp owe ie advantages of se we Er one difference between orific ape tects 10. Define the application of venturimet a ~ 9. 23aS ! 74 ©" | STAKSHSHILA INSTITUTE OF” i oa ENGINEERING AN AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: IV a... || ie mester: | EXPERIM AIM: To verify the Bernoulli’s theorem. APPARATUS: A supply tank of water, a tapered inclined pipe fitted with no. of piczometer tubespoint, measuring tank, scale, stop watch. THEORY: Bemoulli’s theorem states that when there is a continues connection between theparticle of flowin g mass liquid, the total energy of any sector of flow will remain same providedthere is no reduction or addition at any point. Formula Used: Hl = Zi+pl/wt+V12/2g H2 = 22+p2/wt+ V22/2gDSTAKSHSHILAINSTITUTEOF PE NGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [atnont ci DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject:FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: Iv | ‘XPERIMENT NO: 6 AIM: | To determine the Meta-centric height of a floating body i.e. ship | | APPARATUS: Take tank 2/3 full of water, floating vessel or pontoon fitted with a pointedpointer moving on a | graduated scale, with weights adjusted on a horizontal beam. | THEORY: Consider a floating body which is partially immersed in the liquid, when such a body is tilted, the center of buoyancy shifts from its original position ‘B° to ‘B’ (The point of application of buoyanant force or upward force is known as center of G which may be below or above the center of buoyancy remain same and couple acts on the body. Due to this couple the body remains stable Attest both the points G and B also Fy, x W, act through the same vertical line but in opposite direction. For small change (0) B shifted to B. The point of intersection M of original vertical line through B and G with the new vertical, line passing through ‘B’ is known as metacentre. The distance between G and M is known as metacentre height which is measure of static stability. eu mee, ~aun ee eeBEE | TacsusHitAINStITUTE OF * ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR [at DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING U4 Subject;FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: Viva question 1. Give the name of forces subjected during the floating of the body. ( 2. Define Archimedes principle. 3. Define types of equilibrium of floating body? 4. Define following term —_1) metacentric height 2) metacentre. 5. What do you understand by buoyancy? 6. Give the formula for calculation of metacentric hei; 7. Define the procedure of this experiment. Give the name of method for determ: ngs Mere eenCre oO olupWeal a3 epine odcect vant og. body Sere 36oF fe eae} one " TAKGHEHILM INSTI UTE OF” ANS S0D1 2008 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. JABALPUR [crreonsrimonl DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: Iv r EXPERIMENT NO. 7 AIM: To determine the minor losses due to sudden enlargement, sudden contraction and bend, APPARATUS: A flow circuit of G. I. pipes of different pipe fittings viz. large bend, Small bend, Elbow, Sudden enlargement from 25 mm dia to 50 mm dia, sudden contraction from 50 mm dia to 25 mm dia, U-tube differential manometer, collecting tank. THEORY: MINOR LOSSES: The local or minor head losses are caused by certain local features or disturbances The disturbances may be caused in the size or shape of the pipe. This deformation affects the velocity distribution and may result in eddy formation. wee 4 eT Sudden Enlargement: Two pipe of cross-sectional area Al and A2 anna together with @ constant velocity fluid flowing from smaller diameter pipe. This flow breaks away from edges of narrow edges section, eddies from and resutting turbulence cause dissipation of energy. The initiations and onset of disturbances in turbulence is due to fluid momentum and its area. It is given by v2 gah/ he 3p ‘Sudden Contraction: It representsa pipe line in which abrupt contraction occurs, Inspection of the flow patternreveals that it exists in two phases. ~V,)? 29 he Where Y,is velocity at vena contracta. Eddy loss: Because the expansion loss is expended exclusively on eddy formation and contimes substance of rotational motion of fluidmasses. Losses at bends, elbows and other fittings: The flow pattern regarding separation and eddying in region of separations in bends, valves. The resulting head loss due to energy dissipation can be 39 emery ee a” Oya ee oe cersA. PhqakoHsHILAINSTITUTE OF eS is ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR ENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ry Bi : 40s Semester: ‘DEPARTME Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME i KV2/2e. Where V is the average low velocity and the resistance the relation h = neter defining the geome ¢ section and flow. Fpreseribed by coefficient K depends on param iry of th educed appreciably by splitting the flow into a number oj esistances of large sizes elbows can be cascades. Re streams by a jet of guide vanes calle PROCEDURE: 1, Note down the relevant dimensions as diameter and length of pipe between th sure k f pi n the pres pine area of collecting tank etc, Deer , sees ressure tapping of a pipe a is kept open while for other pipe is closed. 3. The flow rate w: V vas adjusted to i i to its maximum value. By maintainin; g suitable amount of steady "" ady 1° in the pipe. 4. The dischar; is ‘ge flowing in the circuit i Circuit is inns of isenouu tecorded togeth: fs eter gether with ‘i ube. the water level in the left and si The flow rate is reduced in st tages b manometer are recorded. 8 by means of flow control val: ” We and the discharge & readie" ge Y miPMIS ys si C L L ie ioof ping: ly flow di right dine of . ENGINEERI subject: FLUID MECHANICS 6 This procedure is repeated by closing the pressure lapping o! nd for opening of another pipe, [ TAKSHSHILA INSTITUTE OF’ OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: Diameter of pipe D = Length of pipe between pressure tapping L = ING AND TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR DEPARTMENT OF | OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Code: ME-405 Semester: IV fF this pipe, together with otherpipes a AN ISO 9001:2008} ATFIED fh 0 Area of collecting tank = Types of the fitting - Manometer Reading Discharge Measurement | Loss of Difference of head a Right Discharge| coefficient Left in terms of water] Initial] Final] Time limb K=2g limb hi (cm) hf=13.6 (cm) | (em)] (sec) BL ywv2 BZ (cm) (nt-n2) a eee sudden enlargement, sudden contraction and ber nd areae TUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JABALPYp |i = MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ay Code: ME- 405 Subject: FLUID MECHANICS S Viva question Give the name of different type of vanes. ipal/law which based the moment equation? Give the name of princi te 2. 3. Classify the fluid. 4. What do you understand by the fluid mechanics? 5. 6. Define viscosity with its unit. Define the Newton’s law of ‘viscosity. 5 a Q af & based ww Che dow oJ poe COS Aay pramentuiis ee GI i ce ech Ae Dr abo ets} as Reon tty 2) [ bys Mw Hat FRROISee Poss ciLANSIUTEDS ENGIN EERING A TECHNOLO GY, DEPARTMENT ‘On MECHANICAL eI |_ Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Formula Used: xaneren ME- 405 Semester F=p Q y(1-cosB) F=p Q (1-cosy/A_ as v=Q/A Where F =force (calculated) p = density of water B=angle of vane V =velocity of jet Q =discharge A =area of nozzle( 4d”) (@ for flat vane B=90° F=pQiA (ji) for hemispherical vane BH180° for % error = F-F/F'x100 F? =2 pQ’/A = Force (due to putting of weight) (iii) for inclined vane ‘=p Q v(1-cosf) F'=p Q” (1-cosB)/A PROCEDURE: + Note down the relevant dimension or area of collecting tank, dia of nozzle, and density of wate Install any type of vane i.e. flat, inclined or curved, Note down the position of upper disk, when jet is not running, Note down the reading of height of water in the collecting tank.> ee TAKSHSHILA ina IRASO ENGINEERING ANG GA NStituTE OR: & ® = nal NS AND TECHNOLOGY JABALPUR 2 DEPARTMENT OF MEG spied: FLUID MECHANICS M CHANICAL ENGINEER ENG| IN v : Code: ME- 405 ee ro coefficient of Velocity, ce = is th = V4ayH AN 50 9001:2008] (GATED nsTTUTON C ‘ v varies from 0.95 to 0.99 contraction: It is defined as the ratio of the aren # the jet at vena-contracts wae : efi as the rati ares of thi sficent of ‘i yto the area of peorifice C, varies from 0.61 to 0.69 discharges; Iti iz It is defined asthe cati Sf a ‘o of the actual discharge froman orifice to the -) a 12 * Oi Ca = Cy * Ce Cg varies from 0.61 to 0.65 | Rocepon: Cu, Ca are to be determined. ta ‘the mouthpiece of orifice of which the Ce, ‘Note the initial height of water in the steady flow tank and the height of datum from the bottom of 4 ‘Mtifice and mouthpiece. These remains constant for a particular mouthpiece or orifice. tank and tank height of water It tank, | flow in hue 1g the stop valve, set a particular Me the reading of discharge 0 this particular flow shook gauge, find the volume of Xe ¥ for mouth) ee readings using hook gauge fOr one particular orilice | 55 am piece.Me INS tec L ENGIN IEERING DEPARTMENT Subject: FLUIO MECHANICS sy, and CO 7. Using the formula get value of Cd, CUs ALCULATIONS: HANICA of MEC Cod: for a particular orifice a | | OBSERVATIONS & c + i le | x'+y'are reading on horizontal/vertical scal | h= Reading on piezometer a0 = Reading on piezometer at level on centre of mouthpiece y0 = Reading on vertical scale at exit of orifice x0 = Reading on horizontal scale at exit of orifice Te ee Average‘aiSiae ice ENGINEERING AND GEINSHITUTE OR. DEPARTMENT © GY, JABA ELUID MECHANICS MECHANICAL ENGHEES ; VEE ; C in Viva question Ode: ME. 495 Semester. 1 the Reynold number,, tiate between axial and tangential flow turbin ne, do you understand by specific gravity, the Eular equation. e mouthpiece. 2 Hydrostatic law. the relation between Cv, Cc & Cae aaeee Paap SHILA INSTT Te Bah ENON EON TAB ALPOR ti DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ‘Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME- 405 Semester: Iv EXPERIMENT NO:1. XQ] AIM: To find critical Reynolds number for a pipe flow. APPARATUS: . Flow condition inlet supply, elliptical belt type arrangement for coloured fluid with regulating valve, collecting tank. THEORY: Itis defined as the ratio of inertia force of a flowing fluid to the viscous force of the fluid. sy Inertia force, F, =Mass*Acceleration of the flowing fluid. F, = pv? fe 6 Since, Mass= density*volume; Acceleration=velocity/time; Discharge=Volume per unit time=A*V: J | A v vol _ a M= p=volsace=73Q=— = AV Viscous force F, = Shear stress *Area R,at=A B=(ig) Al v Rape T +A By definition Reynold’s number, Ry =Fq 5 OF KGHSHILAINSTITUTE eX ENGINEERING AND TE HID TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR |: OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Code: ME-405 Semester. ) 7 | Subject: FLUID MECHANICS VE ee : = yr where 8is kinematic viscocity In case of the pipe flow, the lincardimensionL is taken as diameter d. Va R=; Crdrssaoe . eee ATT TTT er aan WAWStiTuTBOR™. "8" bi mvoneeesse PE SHNOLOG, JABALPUR [ DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Subject: FLUID MECHANICS Code: ME-405 Semester: IV PROCEDURE: 1. Fill the supply tank some times before the experiment. The calculated fluid is filled as container. Now set the discharge by using the valve of that particular flow can be obtained. The type of flow of rate is glass tube is made to be known by opening the valve of dye container Take the reading of discharge for particular flow. Using the formula set the Reynolds no, for that particular flow, aspect the above procedure for all remaining flow. OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS: Discharge Initial | Final | Difference | Volume ee ee pt Ate R pad ane =d2 4 4 eu QW nis Conclusion: Reynolds number fora pipe flow=- a === ; - ce DenargnsHAINSHTUTE OR, 2 eS ee cHNOLOGY. JABALPUR CHANICA\ DEPARTMENT. OF ME ME- 405 Semester: jy Code: Define Reynolds number. 2, What do you understand by turbulent flow? What do you understand by laminar flow? 4 Explain term of coefficient of friction ina pipe. © Wee tie fonmmis for bese lorsdielnfrcton aa pine" What do you understand by ideal & real fluid? _», @) qe thoes £y pe | Sees OME tae portrcer rouiy “1/24 rec ; ee Wound a) . Pan eco ( y ; rah. the “Shobvs An