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CHRISTOPHER. SNEDDEN The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir HURST & COMPANY, LONDON Eee Uni ipan i 27257 Megara = ray hen macnn ‘he Copp Dod Pe Cinna an mel bak CONTENTS Aum ‘arti Ghar Lif is Teil JAMMU AND KASHMIR. 4. Jaina Pople—Untelle Se Inde JO% i nid att on saison ‘i a ine at ar on gd Jno Ni Coin 2. The ope Dring )—liing he Kati Dipate Intact - “a et nm ei vy moe ed ei eo «ae on Mae ‘Teer eran fed Ka Ein 2 Ind Pte Neigh ge Aon ot egee 4 mio of at Whe Pg ‘nr din: ae 2 8 6 “6 contents Papen adi sai AZAD KASHMIR 4 Pinan: Tnaing th Region ‘The pores sai JE rif weir ot 199: akon cn Ad Kae, Te Minny of Kasim 0 Aer 1970 gated dine “nant of te nn Coston Aa, 1974 Fine Ase Keni Col pts Condi 5. The Poll Syaem: Democt Shrtsomings Inte The deminne of he Main Cone mt ft, pai nh 950 phn in Pooch Dae ie fbi Se fr figs nd ath ‘re suton gf 1970 Conon 8. The Adminivaton: Lag and Oven Die eins A ifthe Note Aas Fram 1969197: th mantion n ‘Ate 1971 sommes ‘Air 1985 nd he to ini station 2. The Beonony Poor nd Dependent Inevti “The of he lan Vey Rot Dagedoto ekion ‘Ae 1971 nea gp fm Pic Gunns of be ny a lig Peal ipo ‘Bono mates ted dn JK contents 8, Hlecton nd neal Pits sice 1970 Inendcn Dank 199 ais Sypris Dour of thay ond 1991 eins 193% ant 201 eens 2006 tno Sadar Ac ft nde Contain Append Append pent ‘open W. ‘Arpndin ‘append ‘Append VI pene, Appent X, ‘pend XL Ape x ‘pen XI Appentn i Idee APPENDIXES “he Reon eemeen he Raj of Pouch tl the Marj of snd Ks Phycal Poca nd iRegous Compostion of 8K Maori Position of Main i 1942 Inn Aen Sle fo Poonch, Mcp Pyle Pol Compartion of Jk air he 1989 Cente (Cenetie Line 8 Main Ofc Hele of rad Kasi Azad Kl "Councl Lepative Li! Compo othe Ara i nt Kass Cosi Deeeber 208, ‘Aad Kathi Admsiniie Se-op and Factions Aa Kaimes Acs Adminstration and Popo, 19si-2008 ‘spe ofthe Ana Kati Badges Coming Pos beeen Aan! Keka ndan J Mates Ati Kh lectin Pac 2006, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “There ae to people wiote ates he beeniable competing hit oakimy mils Dane Baer andy former PAD soperon, rte Robt Jie Dan a ge me unin fre and spore parc sa np ‘itor and sn unwavering ‘eto harungue hae benested fom Robins ‘Specie clap gersine ents for ht boo snd ongung end ‘hp Boi hve heed me nak hs ber Book “Thee wre many people in Arad Khir and Pitan eo whom Ta indeed, {did soto my resch in Maer wh der 1998, {998,199 2008 and 2000 (ater the tere 2008 earthquake). Me Teg Mani frner ein Arad Ks cv servant who, sal poston, at [Aed Kat Onan desea peed moto. Apa fan hs ogo tuppot and gener Tag orgaied rowing is forme a he Kh ‘Biy (tow unfreantely devyed). Mt isp, he gener ve te» copy af Ys Susy Kes Fight-for Pda the fro vl of ‘which at fr arta hen tet 1a mableton Tg ahi enough. ‘Other hei pople im Massrad inate al of the Arad Koi ‘Ombudnan oe patiatly Sadar Ag Me Bat Hain sd Me yo fan They weve sore ey th xchat anda ht or ley scholar aay fom bome The enya ofthe Sang Hots parclly the melon Me Shout Sheikh and ae bose Tay povided a enjoyable lice Help wat aad Kats Tora gv te etl ae peal Pala Akmad rar Sy former Chef Econ nd ae end of the Sute Enthguke Revountnion snd Relation Ageney SERIA} sitet ne and provided weal economic ight, The sf of te Khuraid Libvay fed the many requ ths Jenin ong! (ren) Il ‘i ees n 200 seni pops inthe Arad Rena vd sevice nad ce weve bell proang new information oil reports a= {ance Wie too name aman some nce the niet fester Ge ‘liAead Kathir Paice, Male Hab who gael eo mee the ‘neesingpoican Sata CQayjum in 1 Me gate: Dr Spe Aa Ha ‘ns Mid ya; and Mt Mohamad An Saha wh cose fore {2 eet the Azad Kami rime Meter, Sada Artigh in 2006, Tw People ‘erly Gcitued the ety fey mle ant myself ito Ard sha December 204 Major Gener (Reta) Sais Wl Chain ek ‘it Eker Buran, and pet General Atal Ke oe, Shad He ‘in Que ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hein Fakta. | thank Profezr Sina Yameen erate mother, Ma Sata gl nd es hes ha Mk, Sumina ropa ‘on my Kasi ourney" by nvsg me tow concen Rea ea 61 syed in mab wth et pre went Bega ap rece he there, Mn Ii ‘omgell me wo gn Muntntad when 1 Ee nas ‘nase mat he ese tha in sy des! Ne Reet Se igh Commision fr Pa in Cannan he ht 990s hc oe ey dhs ih Yn Gubo led wih im Maboure or epee ese ‘on Ay Abbr and Nee, belped ane pen ne the ae wok a Shp avis td hon in Caer and Uso and ed my xe ‘Az Kahn a es, 190, Kava artaged for hs Martaced es (eaoculay Aat Hae Inpectoe-Genea Art Koshi Pls) ons e "eto set Sal Tohin. Spending foe ous wits oes ene [het ths anceara home was igh of my roemrh c elo 208) Another hgh was ice meringthe ora a font roe Mg (bl Aca (who ded in 200) in Rewspds Sina ta ny hve met the wonder former ser goresmnen offer Att ona Ears. Hs isd memories ke the ef Sar Qayyuny Seer Ig ed Mi go ack we 4 ‘aus ate people aod xpnistins hae pe gent Theta oe pion Stde at hnabad ha anys bec welcoming. otto sale Barve In paul I dank Polezer Rh cha te eekly a ced ne his thes aig Maan 1998, te Nae Za ohes vliely beled with ito backgund ond chal acti aaa Nati, Mi Nusees Nig, Thai Cold (Rein Ae Bee ‘ewred) Dai Aad and Major-General (Rete Jamiel Ape Rho ee ‘ha sppot and generat The sa ache Natl Rete "Smabd ey Me Salers Ulsh Khan bt st been aco od sve This cee an excelent tur ie knot plat to oe ween {aor thnk enough Mr Amand Et, Nail Caos, Onn, Alex Se nce ln genase etme Sota and storia formation, and very heal npgetons ty se, ‘Alera pe me in ouch wth Ena Neha Soe ca tule an only ofthe Ite af Paley Suda he ences branded cont fnationcolegilty and hepty Esai puroe wey ‘ith Janse Mansoor Gian who ny pve met capy af be ine on ofc in Arad Kathe Uo thank ses wi ele ak ny nd fora diconon ine, ncn John Rabin, Rama Necany oot ci) Bran Clough Tos Wes Andicw Wiehent ese fica in Aca Kato I acknolege a rant n 200 fos The Ate ‘Asem ofthe Homans wu my rs Pal] tak Coton ooo Kerste smer Deine Aver atthe Auten High Comma hace, who eee facta ny ne meth po lisetntne sete Ihe abun es hank lo thor sent ey och appreciated — people in Arad Kishi and Pkstn who hav ped ne wih or ech ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, See ci ee ab Mee het Paks a ‘THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE PEOPLE OF AZAD KASHMIR Matin Cofseace snd worked api ds to hw he rine eo Paks. Absa pposon to bch itself dean sts onde ie) Pins: epintins y til dvbom within JK a fre fco tht gsc ht JK wa lsnited and eset dele ety in 1000 ee ak We "uly beeween Muslin polscan fmm J&R dnc Mules Seen feta he ogee nr Ia btn Meine mace a tly rete ee craton of nda ad Plant 1957 Jak pole ey ‘va drat by evo partes the All 8 National Conerence eae el the Natonal Contec and he Ae Masia Conroe Cee tale he Must Confrence) Each conference had erent ayiraion 6 ‘KS stata the Nona Conereee oppose JK jong Pinan he Masa Confrnce fuel this opion Whe es nponitie to unl ie cat suppor ta ier pry ened ete the hey had ee Bb gal memes” The Nan! Coofernce wo songs the ere ae ne echap maya 50 per ea fal Ma td nay Hin sped at puyconenet oside the Kasay it spot go mah eo bap ie to 15 pee cnt ofthe population suporting = The Mi Cee {2 ads eo port inns Ponce sd een the Reig Bren hough teens wore no esprit the cal eee ae Parties ander leas pled np men 147 afcang ae eg | ‘Ka who the Mahara dechion woul hae dine and maj apes 1959. the all JAK Mio Conence mu teaned the Alo Rend Contes Tis ws even years fer the Ma Confrence a Sea eed yas tppool to hae been mide none lcs eng sn some ofthe Malin Conference’ laden ind encourage no Ms sin the pr Chey ic ccrted bese of Seah Adal eas ANd 1h hd been intuened by a bargconing fen ith the wre eae ‘esha Nhe, whom heft nt 1938 and wh threes se gins Siti, and parse ren Ja Abul beeed df Rees eee ane he spp ofthe inn Nana Cones niet Mian eg {the Musi Conference woul hive t changes mame and oman He alo bere ht the Masry wa oporening people o al elgi, tat t Mois Abdu was seo coment caesar soar he eg dat making accesible and repeat ofl lipo pret i Nese the nae change Theat tr of pola eso dd cage Aba [Neh and her especie sect ptin the Noses Conor oo he Tndan National Congres wait hve trong antec tne Ina move danse he itor of OK oop Paian ad po-Inan amex some dpi Mains reed the Mu Conca nal Elta eile fr Mains Hence b 94), so oneenes aed fake ‘ALJ8X Navona Cofeace andthe Al J& Musi Conterenee Te od Mati Contec wn ried becise one Man ne athe Nal 2 {Jak DISUNITED PEOPLE~UNDELIVERABLE STATE scion arn aa saps eee ears Marea Seid terval of ie Minin Conese Cry Gan ‘Biber. rae, wbo bee president ofthe Mn Conference ad Mi Ferhat Sear ran Wate ss Son! Cefees os don fed by Maint at ot worth concept The Man who ei th meee ‘iy wh wey st Nol Car al So Stabe ay Sees ree an [Ssh n particu related to Abdallah becase of hn unpriiegedupbring 2 ‘THE UNTOLD STORY OFTHE PEOPLE OF AZAD KASHMIR int he dic Dogs They ied hm bce he abot nd rer Be deinen of sence Dg clon and besitos {Hinde moneyed Abluh cuarse be anos wal ho Xathmines, whl he oposion to Jk jon Pala peed See asi para Higa ani, songh tsps noes a {Abul ate a pons lsnngs wetter eae iy Ba ‘>t Mk we ste bu ann dn Pon enh te Main Confess ty fare how agent: 0 satan Main wer and oin Pon nag nt teeny ae gen spewed tobe poplar wh ary Mains ines Pee no tome, my Min in Racy (Nees py ee Ind code inthe epor i The Tis, whch sey ee Pe Be Seema ei ey ei fp we hh ‘a eae the spe Mati nen oR] might wel orp ety ed lita this lw the ds fig nd commana heer Ince ha vot en athe tn Conn: al res the nomevealy and palsy ingoran Kaur ey eeh nee Xtimi-peating pln wo orl Soh Abus sod scene Kash cigs The Min Conench sce abo wes aa ae wcs.opei sng the nan Mui nary in caters howe een “Metin ene Caper 2 wee cet ng Whi the Nasonl Cairnce speed © enoy tc popu in he Kathi Vly a wll he Mani Conieresered pcos ee spoon thers the Nason Conence watt necely he erent 1 Tet ates fo ning Eee Mn a ‘rete an Prom Nah Bnet) Ki hot Cnfoenes sos tooo 2380 port Acconting wo The Tine’ Spel Conan Ler Be {9075S mot tt ow ia ees ee ni sr Mats tts Sting hs func beset re bes-iformed English-language newspaper on J&K afin, on 21 Octeber 198) "pore ht the Sethe Kat Vley which spar wa te Saag? {aro aka’ Hwee the CICK pon proled be eel ee ok ue Pr yo dys whch sp for o-Ps ray een te te thee gh ae ok “The diferent pouches fhe Nina Contes a he Masi Cons {68 eu the ine ling Je sero ses portend foe eas em 4K pus i ion toh ono nde The Ne Consent apie ove whether JS sul Paso oe Nala Pert independence Not pure boak ction fm akon oe Son on ne wane ota edn many ty ends 4 _}0K DISUNITED PEOPLE—UNDELIVERABLE STATE sro le dent replace Shs wih sel goverament. resumsly under MSE tree tadeip. Ts anceexesy mean of npen eH Gnd te er Sah hte Ow pi ‘Sthanuge the ensncipsion othe or mlon peopl ning tn See We ‘numer be quotion of jing one ode acer Dominion ony en fescue out stectve We cmot decile eas longs we at ses. ‘Aough i sateen war made etc dys berth Mir seceded ‘Ma Aba independ aide sole note tmnt epee souls oo iu robles fins, pec er Abas wa ron Fomotice 0983, "The eo nfependence in 1987 ao showed ha smn JK fod he incl se noe ig delet exer domnon. Oth Shey Aba ed Masa Har Singh were semangy in agecioent i ray Rah wer ‘kd opons ober finn joning Haken where ther posses woul be (Toler th ttre dates hs rere, Hart Sh srouy ened des Fendence Hance a ia oppor beth he Man Confoence oe Ey andy he Janmo-tsed ad foal stone mad Kashi Ran nd St ch dno win the adn See’ ong ety at see tt nah CMG cd ot The Kan Ste ay tered fom eal quires that an announcement ose xpd in {righ Ine 1947 Fat Sigh ood hi wea when Abdo te fe Prine Minter, Maj i st would be ed Man nda ad Palisa were made to cogent Ste ak saependent ue ke Set ind Th nt war eng As The Tine need er 1 Octet Abul sod Har Sg nd asaya oe or Boh re sn Pas The rey othr dt or oting akan wn en he Paton kes ten ee Jak acd wth plan pl soso, he Mabe ‘que scoed wo Ln Say Coote Auli ut yond “The Misi Confowace approach tthe ite of J emo | se etal Ja ng aang enpnny ne Independence 947 abt yu mance On 13 May 147 hes Nl {CofraecePresdene Chainy Hala (Sly Aw in i bed ‘Sa Mains woud ely scan (he Maa the conta ng, democrat and dependent Kis Fe gan poke of npc fcJAR in Sage cn 2 Map" On bots ces Helmy hate bed ‘cng ou writen dein eed Som Chl An By 22 fa femevhs pracent Handulsh cistoned Har Sigh fom scent noo ‘ke oas that Masrs woud el they ater) and devine indepees ‘et He lame de Msn Caiecce al aed Pain ta ‘fee ning iy een dco he mii The te rn ofthoe minis wee ak ns, wo wre the Man se ‘Sapportrrand mor oponens of te Ns Coasece Fe ontrence sucky opp whit one cotespncent ies rset te Mahar afar" Ja isto ss On, and conse tom, 22 ul "947 Hao eed onthe Mahan seed to Past On 2 Ja he 25 ‘THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE PEOPLE OF AZAD KASH Matin Cone Na Main Le aged Te {Course for Kashmiri... to join the Pakistan Dominion eet [Sew oni hae aan aso a Unb prin peck Ths Mastin Confeech toa of inpenenc fe JAK eed ‘all hs and he pope tensa 3 “ordi thw he aa asc e a e or fo nlpendnce eed po-Patsn ike toe he ge ciao mae ie ‘he Matin Leagoe—a wa, ‘The Main Conenc\ rapt posh oma he Foley na nid bec he ac rr tah ry mn do hes conta chante, Nir al 1946s Maen Cee 2% aK DSUNITED PEOPLE-—-UNDELIVERABLE STATE ae sgt n-Mhn ance by eiting For 4 contin asembly so ‘Emer comion fr aX The Mara pores by brig the Main Conreess sane conteer Sled for Oct a aren Mee Abin an 28 Ocoer 1946 Thema he Mam Contes tpymied to sendy Joe supper ote Kai Vly 0p Elis inant ton omen Ro Ct tect mrad Write war one nad one. "Gora te eget pec of the Quit Kee movement wa she semi inpc hd ef rie Minter of indepen {Bi Netra a, cosequnce, om ht pry To counter Quit Kathe ‘Marg dered al asd 9 ela ees rg a ee Wey {Bee nog Stet Abels fced he pls sve tae te riety sue Tae Marg ands Pane Miniter, Rare Rak cd Nebr "wth bier ue fr soportig the ane Mar rcs 48H red 1946 we he wa tearing Saperic fyasa lero defend Ab, Acconing to Kae Sigh thee wong de hei a ae farming por ery fe St An [bit Nero only acd Seog ny sod wr ae seers Temeeot hs chee Sheth Abd spy wee fog a Sah or [Asal wetnce of the Yu rgpou inprtomest a ion, Fee fen more puta, Neb wit J8K pat toe ove othe sect poe ‘Bi saa ily onthe edn Nona Congres agenda On 15 Atos 1946 Saar Pl nord Kak thatthe Working Comune ofthe fan "Nail Congres bd orien Nes epr stout he vit wo Kear or gin’ Inport cay one year ee he Beh dpa fen be febcatiey, nem of he Ste Idan dion ale ee fsted ‘Hse Only mach ier would Mins Gouin the ean of Mai ‘jr sat oa aceon to Pabistan rene hs ston ad ext ence fos by wich si wt cle hat sy peau sn ping 0 ed ia et J wa pea ded by Geet ad ‘Monga eevng pose Beh Sear for te pn sot a tn an ‘stereo in pal cies and he aduece ei ouside pase) he Mahara adrumrton jl loa olan se debe snd det and emer news about de ineningly tpi ise of JK Ft nas The Beh, who monty condoned he tle acer tt te ig ‘ons the Mira by hep ert nan pats sy fo J Whe Hast Singita shored ap fs postin hth short tem ary ether ‘seed im oh people no pe hi ba comcast ‘agora, a evs te of Jae poe Br saa Ars ele se {Ste the Dera opine ince ace ty onthe te of fe old soni eget ad to herp sz jee i ne Le she ued the Pooch Must marlon gud Another factor acing J dvs adler wat de ale dae ese Mion western ec i te iofDoonch ald aed a ro ‘THE UNTOLD STORY OPTHE PEOPLE OF AZAD KASHMIR pin 97 Whe Mains contd dy ince poplin. thy wee mmol gee ne ee sient ter Ret sn ben nen aries of amavw, Udhampu, Kata andthe Cherent gto se [3) Rech eon ea cit on intends itn aad crt sna aie) Indeed, it was lager than many of Indias princely se ned ih te oes sch Cin lng al) ek Ce et (alms Een tatup ni ee aes eg ‘tiation seo wh yn us eas siete in Bombay!™ Ramifications of working inthe later two. od bt poo elahnone ne cascada ees ee ssa he en is hn SRS once af er ced ares iin Th ncha nae Rat ZO ws ie Soa Fen mcs Pap eee ne sig ania Rote ep Ein uc ht weet Src ae the Kati ed cone ia Soe ‘cnc ast mee Pom ge «SSCS hh cya seh te Fn ‘15 Mat Hd a Prine a pcg oie Rape i ue 0 9,581 a = 3 Be Cc ae Sos KG Wnt toon ad Gone se VT Ko) jm Pee 3 Te Coun sth ne 5? pce) Inns 7 tas 3 ee Catan, i th 28 jek: DISUNITED PEOPLE UNDELIVERABLE STATE. side eves than Jnana Cy Foe Math to, wich ‘ete in ct nn yi ore he ina ivi calunl a fatre ek fe western eet wah Pua and NWF wh Lahore beg he prin yf Et ytd far sk te nd care Mec ren yi wer i Pro ee pan tt Posh Masia Teer een Mirpur Musi dates Doge MEET aric tomcat dae spay tp hee ‘She Gui Singh itary enpses Dog ra on th ees with ch Tra a dog be engaged in umvoury co mich = Eling the pres {Sere Main) ons is nepen and Sopoing the Boss on ‘Spe an ing] sv ome ae rebel laden wow elon spe: Doge ‘cals Sig uprened wither rsiy™ Doty 8,000 Shar, ‘mem eon ofthe ma tits of Prone, were sgh id abe Frayne women and chien ied oan warn, export, oe were ‘hunt Poon appt aver forgot ths Dogs aby ec Ron eBags tye jc ‘io rn a ay bore Ra For For onchange wo ely see ad oes poplar Tews fms kg sory of lite sd aputaio between thers | Poncho he muha of JI ping ack Yo he ne 1850 184s 1925, ented won Hast Singh ecne Mauro JK. afer wc be ‘nop bng the Raj of Poh» ant coin a pt i oe te ‘Mak rap Singh snr hi econo Th etcton ve an gre tet in 198 bree Mar Ha Sg pd Ra tev Singh wer the re isabel che terre of Pooch ls sangeet ws ence (w Fie Singh avarne) i 1936-37 ar che Bra nt only dame t tot by Kaper Singh br so conte he bedi potion I at Eee 94 rhe Singh a Hari Sy ben al sere ‘Ave agers hie Si Ratner Singh wh wal he ase "Wis shaun, Maar Ht Singh th oc Ba in cont of Pon aug thane dominance of Brooch dogo Pench he Rea of Poon ane ln o a pes ‘el re to eC es ‘raed by ax simi appointed ty, and tapoebl ge pein) Malanja> Atkoagh te Poonth admin tat om Oc ncaing baeatracy pole anda standing ty of oe company at had once come ‘bd shout 1200 me eoupped thr beery of us the Mat fe ‘eke his cont and infuence hugh oe of bara ta be “erro Poooes pte Pksan wid apt ih Asad Ka Whe te ‘Rak court jaro inal py cael sos cer ere ered Ssmape The Ra of Poouh lat the pie and power he ad enoyed eo he Sigh imposed nse He Beane fu euisory ede the conte fide evan th nin) Mab On 30 ly 1 ge ering 6 Pooch Pu expose rotund sor an deep iia ahd et ‘ear Ha Singh nied Pooch ja en Raj » ‘THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE PEOPLE OF AZAD KASHIMIR ‘sin The tering pases okon ha ie on the pope of ‘nts sd ena he eum i scontona and peel ee onc Sei ie fom the bondage an ltl seo ae ‘meen othe Kar aba : ns ‘Daal sca len Pooch pond en extn om Ronchi Shey wee bend with sl envi a sor appar a ao the Maki and the ap Corea hae ae he an yb Hart Sh qe coat 420.00 eee ects pray ater Il whee asst Sen EE imped. sme of hth ny spe o Mala The a ag fly ee is own ant of wht he pds yy ns se Matus on whom he aended on ste ocatons Accor is ee Sete ct ut Ronchi sa ng fog in Wild War ot Fina Se ee en Saber Gage ns a + Te ie Th, oo Muss ony of epee 14 on ery com and see | yb Pee + he Baa Tx of 10 asp sac nd 4 nn pr goss ¢ The Chan inode 19408 aaron fey {/SMSHCTa fans on eer wi ern she fe 1 The Zale Tx ntotacd 1470 ne ade an pe ope Rete Toyo the Za hoor ere AT pron * Inport sod export nse 75 pe cent on le pad ™ Poon ahora uch ha xo 50 pret e th pc ise ™ naan Dag op ee non Ree SRE cect whe ao hey sau ae Foon who we ud mib-totoe Se ahe

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