The 1911 Chinese Revolution or the 1911 Xinhai Revolution was a revolution that put an end to the

Qing dynasty, the establishment of a republican form of government, and the introduction of a new
socioeconomic system. While the first goal was achieved, the second and third developments have
had a troubled beginning and history. However, of greater importance and lasting impact were the
commitments, efforts, and developments in the creation of a new path toward political and economic
modernization, including constitutional democracy.

1. The incubation stage

The Qing Dynasty started to decline as early as 1800, driven by factors like tyranny and corruption.
And as Europe's power rose globally, China faced challenges to its supremacy. The Qing Dynasty's
defeat in the Opium War uncovered their vulnerability. China also refused to modernize out of pride.
Furthermore, as more and more of the Chinese youth traveled to study abroad they soon realized the
injustice of the Qing Dynasty. All of these factors led the Chinese citizens to the realization that social
and political reform is mandatory.

2. The moderate stage

Many groups put in a lot of effort to reform the Qing Dynasty. One of the more popular reform
movements was the Hundred Days Reform in 1898. Some of these groups sought women's rights, and
some advocated for democracy or at least constitutional monarchy. At the end of the day, they all
were met with resistance and failed. That was until a revolutionary group called “Tonngmenghui”
created by Sun Yat-Sen appeared to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.

3. The crisis stage

The climax point of the revolution was the Wuchang uprising in 1911. It was an armed attack done by
the revolutionaries to rebel against the Qing Dynasty. The uprising led to the downfall of the Qing
dynasty and in 1912 the establishment of the Republic of China.

4. The recovery stage

After the uprising, a new government form was established. Sun Yat-Sen became the former
president. And the Republic of China was created. However, the new government faced challenges
such as failing to unify the country under its control. Additionally, the reforms set in place by the new
government were not nearly as sweeping as the revolutionary rhetoric had intended

The Tongmenghui also known as the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance was a secret society and
underground resistance movement organized by Sun Yat-sen and Son Jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan 1905.
This alliance was created by the unification of revolutionary groups like Revive China Society. The
Tongmenghui’s political platform was "to overthrow the Manchu empire and to restore China to
the Chinese, to establish a republic, and to distribute land equally among the people."
The Xinhai Revolution put an end to the 2132 years of imperial rule by overthrowing the Qing
Dynasty. Also, the Republic of China was established in 1912 this also marked the end of imperial rule
and the start of a republican government. However, the revolution also led to a period of political
instability and fragmentation notably during the Warlord Era. Regional warlords took advantage of
the loss of power and that led to internal conflicts and fragmentation. The revolution led to the May
Fourth movement which was a movement that sought social and cultural changes. And advocated for
modernization, individual rights, etc. The revolution indirectly affected the formation of the CCP.
Some people were not happy about how things were after the revolution started the CCP.
Research question: How did the 1911 revolution impact nowday China and was the revolution
succesful?