2 a (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a piece of glass of thickness 2.0cm and area 0.15m?, The density of the glass is 2.6 x 10?kg/m?. area 0.15m? thickness 2.0m | Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) Calculate the weight of the piece of glass. Dx 1B x 2GxiOxo= BEN vo Bl weight (b) The piece of glass shown in Fig. 1.1 is used as the vertical viewing window of an aquarit™ The atmospheric pressure outside the aquarium is 1.0 x 10° Pa. The average Press: the inside of the aquarium window is 1.3 x 105Pa. ite the Calculate the resultant force acting on the window due to these pressures and stat direction in which it acts. 5 5 Presume 2 ).3¥ 10% — 1-0 x10" =0-8%10 Fe Presuse x Aven = force 2.3 «10°% 0.15, =4500N direction of force ..... Qutwaad..3 (@) Fig. 1.2 shows a vacuum pump connected to th a vertical tube with its lower end F um ie top of immersed in a tank of liquid. The pump reduces the pressure pany the column ms zero and the pressure at point X is 9.6 x 10*Pa. vacuum pump 12m liquid Fig. 1.2 (not to scale) Calculate the density of the liquid. P= poh as r 3 ep. 6 vio4 density =. S22.Ag.Zm- 9.8 1d 816.3 x 800 kg /m a (Total: 10}4 Lb (a) (i) State what is meant by the moment of a force about a point. ANCA ee (ii) Fig. 2.1 shows a large crane on a construction site lifting a block of mass 14000kg Toning, 7 I operator's cabin, |_20m_! Al Bi counterweight block Fig. 2.4 Calculate the moment about A due to the 14000kg block suspended from B. 000% 20+ 2We000 29.3410 No moment = ...2: (b) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity. State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity. Sloe... hove... cragnittude,..bi ead... dive (ii) Write down one other scalar quantity and one other vector quantity. scalar quantity .. speech... vector quantity ... welaciby,7 i (a) Interms of the momentum of molecules, explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of its container. cooly. tC... dhe aval. dbeg.. bounce, {.onth....chenge... Aber avonoedlom....Eadls...secornd.. BN BG... HAIG Ea cone tan ke ‘this... chaoge..i DoE TNA BSUS... nay vkantecl... PRUE... Abe. .vall (b) A fixed mass of gas of volume V, is at a pressure p,. It is compressed to a volume V,, (i) Complete the equation for the final pressure p, of the gas when the gas is compressed at constant temperature. Py 28 Pee 2 (ii) State and explain how the final pressure compares with p, when the temperature of the gas increases during compression. statement ....Gi%e04 oe RUIN When....demperadant... Fogler... Node m enon oT Abe. calide, explanation .. ‘iB {Total: 9]2 St A skydiver of mass 76kg is falling vertically in still air. At time f=, the skydiver ope, parachute. Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the skydiver from t= 0. Fig. 1.4 (a) Using Fig. 1.1, determine: (i) the deceleration of the skydiver immediately after the parachute opens GQ: 53-40 os = ie L a = oe = dems deceleration = (ii) the force due to air resistance acting on the skydiver immediately after the para opens. @UCLES 2021 0625/4 nasr213 f Fig. 2.1 shows a wooden trolley of mass 1.2kg at rest on the rough surface of a bench, trolley ball Fig. 2.1 Aball of mass 0.52 travels horizontally towards the trolley. The ball embeds itself in the wood of the trolley. The trolley moves with an initial speed of 0.065m/s. (a) Calculate: (i) the impulse exerted on the trolley 1.2 x0.066 . 9.918 kgwnls impulse = 2] (ii) the speed of the ball as it hits the trolley. Kd xe 9-965 2.09052 Vy mNa 7 = * 169 mls speed 2 Jo AAs the trolley moves across the rough surface, it slows down and stops. the energy change that takes place as the trolley slows Explain, in terms of the work done, down. Pecosate.. dhe... friskton..4 J (a) Explain, in terms of molecules, why liquids are very difficult to compress. Jagglbe. boxes cylinder or moving oil oil ’ pump Fig. 3.1 The boxes are lifted by pumping oil into the cylinder, The force upwards on the piston due to the oil, and the force downwards on the piston due to the air above the piston, combine to produce a constant force of 8800. The pressure of the air is 1.0 x 10°Pa and the cross-sectional area of the bottom surface of the piston is 0.016 m2, {i) Calculate the pressure of the oil at the bottom surface of the piston. 2 lo °° 9 Ole = 55x10? | pressure = ..G:. G1 re be eee | 10g = G5 x10% @UCLES 2021 ogasvesmus2t5 (li) As the boxes are lifted, the depth of the oil increases. Explain why the pump must exert an increasin 9 pressure on the oil as the depth of the oil increases. (ili) Suggest one reason why the force of 8800N in (b) cannot lift boxes of weight 8800N. RB... stor wnoare.... aan, denadhoaling... oust..be... - (1) [Total: 8)4 (a) Define the moment of a force. A ureang, (b) Fig. 2.1 shows an object of negligible weigh! 1. The object is in equilibrium. rope, object pulley 206m pivot P. sokg yf. mass i 420m 1 y force F Fig. 2.4 j The object is free to rotate about its pivot P. j Calculate the value of force F. 500 x90 = F xj2 F =19099 12 F-530N (c) Describe an experiment involving vertical forces to show that there is no net moment on @ object in equilibrium. You may draw a diagram in the space provided ‘@UCLES 2021 Qmbnieadin ee [Total5 f Fig. 3.1 shows water flowing at very slow speed over a cif edge, oliff edge The water falls 15m onto the rocks below. (a) Show that the velocity of the water when it strikes the rocks is 17m/s. h zd rv x a GQ8215214 y% 2 Ly 24.8 xis om 1Fmots crstd (4) (b) 30kg of water flows over the clif edgeJevery second.| Calculate the force exerted by the rocks on the falling water{ Ignore anvisp Fe oy me et = (30%99- ($0x1D CS force ~ B] ~ -510 (Total: 7]2 /, Fig. 1.1 shows a load suspended from a spring. Zz spring load s Fig. 1.4 The value of the spring constant k of the spring is 0.20N/cm. The spring reaches its limit proportionality when the load is 15N (a) Calculate the extension of the spring when the load is 3.0N. Crone ee 8 0-2 7° Berd extension = (b) Explain what is meant by the term limit of proportionality of the spring. (c) On Fig. 1.2, sketch an extension-load graph for a spring. Label the limit of proportionality wih the letter L on your graph. extension load Fig. 1.2 Ql ouctes 2021 osasveanwurat})_ The load is pulled down a sm: all distance below i inFig 13, The lsd eae ow its equilibrium position to position A, as shown in Fig. 1.3. ---- Position B ---- Position A Fig. 1.3 Describe the energy transfers which occur as the load moves: from position A to the equilibrium position From. glestd from the equilibrium position to position B. SORRY enticed - Grmovitotion: “Bl [Total: 9}4 books A and B on it. There are six b 5 of e 4 shows a bookshelf with two groups: eu te - os ‘of books. All the books are identical. The mass o! A 210m, : 4.30m 300m shelf eee es group A group B of books, of books Fig. 2.4 (i) Explain why the pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group B is less than pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group A. Bebb 6. [QPEL 1. AVese AS) Poe. haa. Biddk: (ii) Calculate the pressure exerted on the shelf by the books in group A. phene 3xe % 2) = 163.8 emt forces © 51 4.5, = 30-5 (b) Adiver dives to a depth below the surface of the sea where the total pressure is 3.0 x 105Pé The atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 10®Pa. The density of the sea water is 1030kg/m?. Calculate the depth of the diver below the surface of the sea. depth © UcLES 2021 os2siasinuie1