1

SAMPLE PAPER
SOLVED

SCIENCE
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:
(1) This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
(2) All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is
expected to attempt only one of these questions.
(3) Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
(4) Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should
in the range of 30 to 50 words.
(5) Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions
should be in the range of 50 to 80 words.
(6) Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions
should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
(7) Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

SECTION - A 20 Marks
(Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the questions 1-20.
There is no negative mark for incorrect response)

1. The following picture shows a leaf which (c) Sunlight causes colour change
is tested with iodine solution, in an (d) Chlorophyll reacts with starch 1
experiment showing – “Light is essential for
photosynthesis”. 2. A student put some pieces of lead metal
Parts of the leaf After adding in the green coloured solution of copper
were not covered iodine chloride and observed the reaction that took
with black paper place as shown in the figure. The colour of
strip the solution changes.

Portion of the
leaf that was
covered with
black strip of
paper

Why does the uncovered part of the leaf turn

blue black after addition of iodine solution?
(a) Starch reacts with iodine
(b) Chlorophyll reacts with iodine

Sample Paper 1 1

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 Identify the type of reaction that took place Which of the given figures is correct?
in the test tube and the colour change. (a) Figure A (b) Figure B
(a) Decomposition reaction, colour changes (c) Figure A and B (d) Both are incorrect
to blue  1
(b) Displacement reaction, solution becomes
colourless 5. In the following food chain :
frog ® grass ® insect ® snake.
(c) Double displacement reaction, colour
Assign the trophic level to frog.
changes to white
(a) First (b) Second
(d) Displacement reaction, colour changes
to blue 1 (c) Third (d) Fourth 1

3. Light reflection on a mirror is depicted in the 6. Two gases 'G' having suffocating odour are
figure. obtained when a green solid 'S' is heated,
along with a residue 'R'. These gases are
Normal

major air pollutants. When the vapours of

these gases are collected and dissolved in
water, the solution turns blue litmus to red.
The colour of the residue becomes red.
Incident i r Reflected
ray ray

Reflecting surface
What conclusion can be drawn from the
figure?
(a) Angle of incidence and reflection at the
point of reflection all lie on the same What would be S, R and G?
plane.
(b) Angle of incidence and normal at the S R G
point of reflection all lie on the same
(a) Pb(NO3)2 PbO2 NO2, N2O4
plane.
(c) Angle of incidence, reflection and normal (b) FeSO4 Fe2O3 H2O, H2O2
at the point of reflection all never lie on
the same plane. (c) FeSO4 Fe2O3 SO2, SO3
(d) Angle of incidence, reflection and normal (d) PbSO4 Pb2O2 SO2, SO3
at the point of reflection all lie on the 1
same plane. 1
7. A concave mirror with a 36 cm radius of
4. Take a look at the figures given below. curvature creates an upright image which is
Tertiary three times larger than the size of the object.
consumer At what position does the image occupy?
Secondary
consumer
(a) Behind the mirror
Primary (b) In front of the mirror
consumer
Producers (c) Focus of the mirror

A B
(d) Anywhere on the mirror 1

8. Which diagram displays the electrical circuit for a home?

Earth
wire

Live
wire
(a) Neutral 200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit

2 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 Neutral
wire
(b) Live
200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit

Live
wire
(c) Neutral 200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit

Live
wire
Earth
wire
(d) Neutral 200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter
1
Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit

9. Accumulation of harmful chemicals in our (a) Oxygen should be replaced by water

bodies can be avoided. Select the option (b) Oxygen should be in molecular (O2) form
(c) Product would be Mg(OH)2
through which this can be achieved?
(d) Product would be MgO2 1
(a) Using pesticides in crops
(b) Using insecticides in crops 11. A current-carrying conductor is held as
shown :
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Avoiding use of pesticides in crops. 1

10. What is correct about the following

equation?

In which direction should current be passed

in the conductor in order to produce a
clockwise magnetic field around the
conductor?
(a) North to South (b) South to North
(c) East to West (d) West to East 1

12. A student compiled formulae and

common names for various substances,
but he neglected to record which formula
corresponds to which compound. Some
formulae were correct but some were
incorrect as in the following table:

Sample Paper 1 3

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 S. No. Compound Formula 15. Study the following reaction carefully:
(I) Slaked lime NaOH
(II) Caustic soda Ca(OH)2
(III) Lime CaO Select the correct statement from the
(IV) Baking soda NaHCO3 options given below.
Identify the option which shows incorrect (a) It is a displacement reaction.
matches: (b) The white precipitate obtained is BaCO3.
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (I) and (III) (c) The correct equation representing the
(c) (II) and (IV) (d) (III) and (IV) 1 chemical reaction is:

13. Given figure shows that the current flowing BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) +
is 3A. There are four resistors. CuCl2(aq)
5W 20W (d) It is a displacement and precipitation
A B
3A
reaction. 1
16. Identify the correct labelling for the parts
10W 40W
D C labelled ‘R’ and ‘S’
Find the current flowing through 40 Ω Petals Stigma
Anthers S
resistor. Style
(a) 3A (b) 1A
(c) 2A (d) 4A 1
14. The diagram shows how a light beam strikes Filament
a concave or convex mirror.
Embryo
Sepals Ovule sac
R
Receptacle Peduncle
F
S

Which of the following shows the path of

R S
this ray, after reflection?
(a) (a) Ovary Pollen
(b) Ovary Female germ cell
F (c) Ovule Male germ cell
(d) Ovule Pollen
1
Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning
(b)
based questions.
F These consist of two statements – Assertion
(A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(c) explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation of A
F
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

(d) 17. Assertion (A): Food chains generally consist

of only three to four steps.
Reason (R): Autotrophs capture the solar
F
energy and convert it into
chemical energy. 1

4 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 18. Assertion (A): CnH2n+2 corresponds to Reason (R): The length of the small
general formula of alkanes. intestine depend on the type
of food the animals eat. 1
Reason (R): Alkenes are unsaturated but
alkanes are saturated series. 20. Assertion (A): Ozone shields the surface of
1 the Earth from ultraviolet
radiation from the sun.
19. Assertion (A): Tigers have a shorter small Reason (R): Ozone at the higher levels of
intestine whereas deers have the atmosphere is a product
a longer small intestine. of UV radiations acting on
oxygen molecule. 1

SECTION - B 12 Marks
(Q. no. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.)

21. Identify P and Q in the given figure. OR

Observe the given figure and answer the
P questions that follows:

The test tube is being heated.

(A) Write a balanced chemical equation for
Q the reaction.
(B) Which gas is evolved in the above
reaction? 2
Also explain, what could be the possible 24. (A) When a mature Spirogyra filament
function of these parts of human nervous reaches a significant length, what
system? 2 happens?
22. A housewife requested that her home be (B) What are the names of the organisms
painted white. In 30 litres of water, she that have both sex organs present in
dissolved 10 kg of quick lime that she had the same individual? Name one such
purchased from the market. organism as an example. 2
25. (A) What is the unit of electric current?
Express it in terms of charge and time.
(B) The following table gives the value of
resistivity of some materials:

Material Resistivity (Ohm-m)

A 44 × 10–6
B 1010 – 1012
Even though the water wasn't being heated,
she noticed that it began to boil. Explain C 1.62 × 10–6
the observation made by her. Name the D 1015 – 1017
product formed and write the corresponding
equation. 2 Which material would you suggest to
be used in electric heating devices? Give
23. Reema went to the market with her mother reason for your choice.
where she saw pickles kept in either glass or
OR
plastic jars and not in metal containers. She
asked her mother why is it so? What could (A) On what factors does the resistance of a
be the reason given by her mother? conductor depend?

Sample Paper 1 5

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 (B) Calculate the resistance of an aluminium
cable of length 10 km and diameter
2.0 mm if the resistivity of aluminium is
2.7 × 10–8 Wm. 2
26. A convex mirror is used in a car having a
focal length of 300 cm. If a cycle is located
at 100 cm from this mirror, find the position,
nature and magnification of the image
formed in the mirror. 2

SECTION - C 21 Marks
(Q.no. 27 to 33 are short answer questions.)

27. Draw a well labelled diagram of female
reproductive system. Identify and label the
following:
(A) Part producing female gamete or ovum
(B) Funnel shaped structures serving as the
site of fertilisation
(C) Part where embryo develops
28. Draw a ray diagram for the following cases:
(A) When a ray of light passing through
centre of curvature of a convex mirror is
incident on it.
(B) A ray of light parallel to principal axis is
incident on concave mirror.
(C) A ray of light passing through focus of
convex mirror is incident on it.
OR
The picture demonstrates how the prism
disperses the white light.
Prism
30. A teacher told students that “A trait may be
inherited, but may not be expressed”, this
statement confused the students as they
believed that inherited traits are always
expressed. Justify the statement given by
the teacher by providing a suitable reason. 3
3 31. A student performed a cross between plants
with purple flowers and white flowers. Help
him to complete the figure by finding ‘P’, ‘Q’,
‘R’ and ‘S’. Also write the genotypic ratio
obtained in F2 generation.
Flower colored Flower colored

White
R 2
Q
light
P 32. Sushma's mother baked a cake, but to her
surprise she found that the cake is hard and
What colour will the letters P, Q, and R have?
small in size. She thought and remembered
Also state the reason. 3
that she forgot to add one important
29. The following picture shows certain ingredient in her cake that would have made
examples of compounds containing carbon the cake fluffy. Which is the ingredient that
such as carbon dioxide, methane, DNA. List she forgot to add? Also write the chemical
any three common physical properties of reaction. 3
these carbon compounds.
33. (A) Determine whether the P and Q-marked
poles in the following diagram represent
the North or South pole. Why did you
choose that response?

Carbon DNA methane

dioxide

methane P Q

benzene ethanol
3

6 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 (B) Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber
with your back to one wall. An electron
beam, moving horizontally from back
wall towards the front wall, is deflected
by a strong magnetic field to your right
side. What is the direction of magnetic
field?
SECTION - D
(Q.no. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.)
34. (A) Different hormones are secreted by
different glands. Which hormones are
secreted by thyroid, parathyroid and
pancreas? Also mention functions of
each hormone.
(B) Write the functions of a part of the hind
brain - cerebellum. 5
35. The following table given below shows the
information about two heaters A and B.
Analyze the table and answer the following
questions:
Heater A Heater V
Power 100 W 150 W
Voltage 220 V 220 V
Resistance ? ?
Current ? ?
(A) Which heater has high resistance?
(B) If 1kWh is priced at `5 which heater will
be costlier if they run for 1 hour each?
OR
(A) What are the advantages of connecting
electrical devices in parallel with the
battery instead of connecting them in
series?
SECTION - E
(Q.no. 37 to 39 are case-based/data-based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal
choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.)
37. Indicators are used everyday both in our lives
and in the laboratories. Most acid and base
indicators are large organic molecules that
contain alternating double and single carbon-
to-carbon bonds. Many types of indicators
work throughout the pH scale. One common
acid and base indicator is litmus paper created
by treating filter paper with a dye obtained
from lichens. Phenolphthalein is commonly
used as an indicator in acid-base titration
experiments in the chemical laboratory. Methyl
red may be used as an acid and base indicator
Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx
OR
State the rule to determine the direction
of a (A) magnetic field produced around a
straight conductor-carrying current and
(B) force experienced by a current-carrying
straight conductor placed in a magnetic field
which is perpendicular to it. 3
15 Marks
(B) Two resistors of 20 W and 40 W are
connected in parallel in an electric circuit.
Compare the current passing through the
two resistors. 5
36. (A) An iron knife kept in blue copper sulphate
solution turns the blue solution into light
green. Explain.
(B) An athlete won a bronze medal in a race
competition. After some days, he found
that the medal had lost its lustre due to
the formation of a greenish layer on it.
Name the metals present in the medal.
What is the reason for the appearance of
a greenish layer on its surface?
OR
(A) Their relative positions in the 'reactivity
series' are revealed by how metals like
sodium, magnesium and iron react with
air and water. Is this a true statement?
Explain your response using examples.
(B) On placing a piece of zinc metal in a
solution of mercuric chloride, it acquires
a silvery surface but when it is placed in
a solution of magnesium sulphate, no
change is observed. State the reason for
the behaviour of zinc metal. 5
12 Marks
in the laboratory and as an azo dye, the largest
group of synthetic dyes, commonly used to
treat textiles. A universal indicator is a solution
that contains a mixture of indicators, often
phenolphthalein, methyl red and bromothymol
blue. 4
(A) (i)  What colour is shown by methyl
orange in acidic and basic medium?
(ii) An aqueous solution turns blue litmus
solution red. Name a solution which
can be added in excess to this solution
to reverse the change.
Sample Paper 1 7
 (B) Which of the following are synthetic brush his teeth twice a day and he started
and natural indicators? Litmus, doing it but without any relief. Finally, he was
Phenolphthalein, Methyl orange, Vanilla taken to a dentist. The doctor diagnosed a
essence cavity in the molars. Dental cavity or dental
OR caries or tooth decay causes gradual softening
of enamel and dentin. It starts with bacteria
(B) Which indicator can and cannot be used
acting on sugars produce acids that softens
by visually impaired persons?
the enamel. Bacterial cells to gather with
38. When a beam of light passes through a colloid, food particles stick to the teeth to form dental
plaque. Saliva does not reach the tooth surface
the colloidal particles present in the solution
to neutralise the acid produced by bacteria.
do not allow the beam to completely pass
Brushing the teeth after eating removes the
through. The light collides with the colloidal
plaque before the bacteria produce acids.
particles and is scattered (it deviates from its
normal trajectory, which is a straight line). This
scattering makes the path of the light beam
visible, as illustrated below.

Eye

Microscope 4
(A) Our stomach is a muscular organ located
Tyndall cone
on the left side of the upper abdomen.
Scattered light
Light It is a J-shaped organ. It expands when
source food enters into it. How does the exit of
waste materials occurs?
(B) Tooth enamel is made up of calcium
hydroxyapatic. Rohit wants to know
what type of tooth paste should be used
to prevent tooth decay. Help him out.
Colloidal solution 4
Tyndall effect (C) We eat various types of food which has
Tyndall e ect to pass through the same digestive
(A) Define the effect shown in the above figure. tract. Firstly, the whole food is taken
(B) Which wavelength of light is scattered (ingestion) in the mouth. Then, the food
by bigger size particles present in is processed to generate small particles.
atmosphere? What is the function of Salivary Amylase
(C) A star appears twinkling in the sky. Why? and HCl?
OR OR
(C) Which colour of light scatters maximum (C) Nutrition is the method of obtaining
due to atmosphere? Explain. nutrients from the environment. This
process involves the various steps in
39. Rohit is having toothache. He told about his heterotrophs. Write the correct order of
problem to his mother. She told that he should steps involved.

8 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 SOLUTION
SAMPLE PAPER-1
SECTION - A
1. (a) Starch reacts with iodine 6. (c) S: FeSO4 ; R :Fe2O3, ; G : SO2, SO3
Explanation: In the experiment showing - Explanation:
“Light is essential for photosynthesis”, a part 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
of leaf was covered with black paper and the Green Reddish
Su ocating
plant was then kept in sunlight. The uncovered (S) brown
Smell
(R)
part of the leaf performed photosynthesis in (G)
the presence of sunlight and produced starch.
2SO2 + 2H2O 2H2SO3 (turns blue litmus
Therefore, when iodine is added, starch reacts
with it to give a blue-black colour. Sulphurous to red)
acid
Caution
 Students should know about the concept behind Caution
this experiment that the covered portion of the  In order to solve such questions, students may use
leaf, could not get the sunlight, as a result could not exclusive method, by crossing out the incorrect
accumulate starch. Therefore, on addition of iodine, it options first. For e.g., option (b) is wrong as H2O is not
does not turn blue-black. a suffocating gas.

2. (b) Displacement reaction, solution becomes 7. (a) Behind the mirror

colourless Explanation: For an erect image, magnification
Explanation: When lead metal is placed is positive. Thus, m = 3 for an erect image
in a solution of copper chloride, the green (three times the size of the object).
colour of copper chloride solution fades and Given, m =3
becomes colourless due to the formation of R = 36 cm
lead chloride. The lead metal is more reactive
than copper, therefore, lead displaces copper R 36
f=
=−
from copper chloride solution. This is called 2 2
displacement reaction. = – 18
Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu [negative sign because it is a concave mirror]
For a concave mirror,
3. (d) Angle of incidence, reflection and normal −v
at the point of reflection all lie on the same m=
u
plane.
Explanation: The figure shows that angle of −v
⇒ 3= [Q m = 3]
incidence, reflection and normal at the point of u
reflection all lie on the same plane. ⇒ 3u = – v
⇒ v = – 3u ...(i)
4. (a) Figure A Now, using mirror formula
Explanation: The greatest number of 1 1 1
individuals exist at the producer level in + =
v u f
an ecosystem. Each level after that sees a
decrease in this number. As a result, it has 1 1
⇒ + = 1
a pyramidal shape with a wider base and −3u u f
a tapered peak. 10% of the food is typically
converted into body mass and made available [putting the value of v = – 3u]
to the following tier of consumers. −1 + 3 1
⇒ =
3u −18
5. (c) Third
[putting the value of f = – 18]
Explanation: The food chain can be
represented as : 2 1
⇒ =
Grass → Insect → Frog → Snake. Hence, the 3u −18
Frog occupies the third trophic level. ⇒ 3u = – 36

Sample Paper 1 9

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 36 we get,
⇒ u=−
3 v = – 3 × (– 12)
⇒ u = – 12 ⇒ v = 36 cm
Now putting the value of u in equation (i), Thus, the image is formed behind the mirror at
a distance of 36 cm.

8. (a)

Earth
wire

Live
wire
Neutral 200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit

Explanation: Domestic electric circuit gives an conductor, the current should be passed in the
idea of how power is supplied to homes using conductor from top to bottom. It is concluded
various types of switches, wires and circuits. by applying right-hand thumb rule.

9. (d) Avoiding use of pesticides in crops. 12. (a) (I) and (II)
Explanation: Accumulation of harmful Explanation: The correct formula of the
chemicals in our bodies can be avoided by not compounds are:
using harmful and toxic pesticides in farms Slaked lime- Ca(OH)2
as these are non-biodegradable and keep Caustic soda-NaOH
accumulating at each trophic level. Biological
Lime-CaO.
magnification refers to the process where
toxic substances move up the food chain and Baking soda- NaHCO3
become more concentrated at each trophic 13. (a) 3A
level.
Explanation: The current flowing across
conductors is constant in a series circuit and
Related Theory voltage is constant in parallel circuit. Therefore,
 As human beings are at the top of the trophic level the current flow will be uniform throughout
in any food chain, therefore, maximum concentration
the circuit i.e., 3A. So, current flowing through
of these harmful chemicals get accumulated in our
bodies.
40 Ω resistor is 3A.

Caution 14. (c)

 Students usually get confused and do not know how
biological magnification is related to food chain.
The pesticides and chemicals or industrial effluents F

are washed down into the soil or water bodies
from where they are absorbed by the plants,
aquatic plants or animals. This is how they enter Explanation: The correct path of the ray is
our food chain and being non-biodegradable, their shown in figure.
concentration increases at each trophic level.

10. (b) Oxygen should be in molecular (O2) form

Explanation: In this equation, oxygen used as
a reactant should be in molecule form (O2). F

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

11. (a) North to South
Explanation: The direction of current in the
conductor should be from top to bottom i.e.,
from North to South direction.
It is given that the current-carrying conductor
is held in exactly vertical direction. In order to
produce a clockwise magnetic field around the
15. (c) The correct equation representing the
chemical reaction is:
BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq)
Explanation:
BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq)
White ppt.
It is a double displacement reaction

10 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 16. (a) R : Ovary; S : Pollen
Explanation: The part labelled as ‘R’ and ‘S’ is
ovary and pollen respectively. Once the pollen
begins to grow, it travels through the cells of
the style to the ovary, where it fertilises the
female gamete.
17. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A.
Explanation: While it is true that autotrophs
capture the solar energy and convert it into
chemical energy, an average of 10% of the
food eaten by an organism is turned into its
own body and made available for the next
level of consumers. Since so little energy is
available for the next level of consumers, food
chains generally consist of only three to four
steps.
18. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A.
Explanation: CnH2n+2 corresponds to general
formula of alkanes. Alkenes are unsaturated
but alkanes are saturated series. A series of
compounds with the same functional group is
SECTION - B
21. P is cranium
Q is vertebral column
The functions are as follows:
(1) Cranium(P): It is the bony box that protects
the brain from mechanical injury.
(2) Vertebral column(Q): It protects the spinal
cord and also carries the weight of the
upper body.
22. When water is added to quick lime, slaked lime,
(or) calcium hydroxide, is formed.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) + heat
(Slaked lime)
The solution began to boil despite not
being heated because the reaction is highly
exothermic. The slaked lime suspension is
allowed to cool for a while, ideally overnight.
The liquid obtained after decanting is used for
white washing.
23. Glass or plastic containers are far less reactive
to the contents inside them than metal
containers.
Pickles contains some acids, oils, etc, that
reacts with metals and corrode them to
produce toxic substances.
Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx
called a homologous series. Both their physical
and chemical characteristics are similar. The
general formula for compounds in the same
homologous series is the same.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
Explanation: Tigers have a shorter small
intestine as meat is easier to digest.
Deers have a longer small intestine to allow
cellulose from the plants to be digested. We
know that deers are herbivorous whereas
tigers are carnivorous animals.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
Explanation: Ozone is formed when the high
energy UV radiations act on oxygen molecules
(O2) and split it into free oxygen atoms (O)
which combine with the molecular oxygen
to form ozone (O3). Ozone, thus, shields the
Earth’s surface from the harmful effects of UV
radiations.
UV
O2  → O+O
O + O2 → O3
OR
(A) Balanced equation for the reaction taking
place on heating copper (II) nitrate in a
boiling tube is as following:
2Cu(NO ) 3 2
→ 2CuO + O2 +
Copper (II) oxide
Copper (II) nitrate
(Black)
4NO 2
Nitrogen dioxide
(X)
(B) The brown gas evolved is nitrogen dioxide
(NO2).
24. (A) When Spirogyra's mature, elongated
filament breaks into smaller pieces or
fragments. The fragments then grow into
fully developed filaments.
(B) Hermaphrodites or bisexuals, e.g., Mustard
and Hydra.
25. (A) The SI unit of current is Ampere. Current (I)
can be expressed in terms of the charge (Q)
Q
flowing in time (t) as: I =
t
(B) As materials used in electric heating
devices are generally made up of
alloys having resistivity in the range of
Sample Paper 1 11
 10–8 Ohm m to 10–6 Ohm–m, material A 26. We know,
will be used for electric heating devices as Focal length ‘f ’ = 300cm
it’s resistivity is more than that of C, which So, object distance (u) = –100cm
is a metal since its resistivity is very low. B Since the object (cycle) is placed to the left of
and D are insulators as they have very high the mirror, u is always taken with a negative
resistivity. sign.
1 1 1
= +
OR f v u
1 1 1
(A) Resistance of a conductor depends on the Or, = −
v f u
following factors:
1 1  1 
= −−
(1) Length of the conductor
v 300  100 

(2) Area of cross section of the conductor
1 1 1
(3) Nature of material of the conductor = +
v 300 100
(4) Temperature of the conductor 1 4
=
(B) Given: l = 10 km = 10000 m; d = 2 mm; v 300

r = 1 mm = 10–3 m; r = 2.7 × 10–8 W m 300
v =
l 4
R =r v = 75cm
A
v −75
10000 magnification ‘m’ = − =
= 2.7 × 10–8 × u −100
3.4 × ]10 –3g
2

m = 0.75
= 0.859 × 102 W Therefore, the position of the image is 75cm

≈ 86 W approximately behind the mirror and its nature is virtual and
erect as it is formed behind convex mirror.

SECTION - C
27. (A) Ovary
(B) A
(B) Fallopian tube i
r
(C) Uterus P
C F
Oviduct or
Fallopian tube

Ovary B
Concave mirror
Uterus
(C) B

Human female reproductive system r

i
A
28. (A)
Principal Axis
P F C
Pole Focus Centre of
Curvature

Convex or diverging mirror

Convex or diverging mirror
OR
P represents violet
Q represents green
Convex mirror R represents red

12 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 We are aware that waves with longer 31. The complete figure is:
wavelengths deviate less and vice versa.
WW ww
Therefore, the red will deviate the most while Parents White colored Purple colored
the violet colour the least. As a result, the
upper part of the spectrum will be red, green Flower Flower
in the middle and the lower part will be violet. w w
Gametes W W

Red
Ww
F1 Generation White Flowered
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue Gametes W w
White Indigo
Violet
Light Glass Prism W WW Ww 1 Pure White (WW)
F2 Generation 2 Hybrid White (Ww)
29. Physical properties of carbon compounds: w Ww ww
1 Pure Purple (ww)
(1) Carbon atoms are bonded by covalent Genotype of F2 Progeny will be = 1(WW) :
bonds and therefore, they do not form ions.
2(Ww) : 1 (ww)
As they do not form free ions, they are poor
conductors of electricity. 32. Sushma’s mother has forgotten to add baking
(2) Carbon compounds have low melting and powder (a mixture of sodium hydrogen
low boiling points. carbonate and tartaric acid) while preparing
(3) Carbon compounds are usually insoluble the dough for the cake. The sodium hydrogen
in water but soluble in the organic solvents carbonate present in baking powder releases
such as ether, carbon tetrachloride, etc. carbon dioxide on baking as depicted in the
30. In experiments conducted by Mendel on pea following reaction.
plants, he cross bred a tall pea plant with Heat
dwarf pea plant, he found that in first (F1) 2NaHCO3 ¾¾¾® Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
generation, all plants were tall. No dwarf The carbon dioxide bubbles that evolve leave
plants were obtained in F1 generation. behind pores which makes the cake soft and
However, in second (F2) generation, both tall fluffy.
and dwarf plants were obtained in the ratio
of 3 : 1. In F2 generation, both traits of tallness 33. (A) Both P and Q are North poles. Magnetic
and dwarfness were inherited where tallness is field lines emerge from North pole.
dominant and dwarfness is recessive. (B) Movement of electron beam from back
Reappearance of dwarf character in F2 wall to front wall is equivalent to the
generation proves that the dwarf trait flow of electric current from front wall to
was inherited but not expressed in the F1 the back wall. Now the deflection of the
generation. beam towards right means direction of
force is towards the right side. According
Related Theory to Fleming’s left hand rule, the magnetic
 Phenotype of parents Pure Tall × Pure Dwarf
field inside the chamber is in downward
Genotype TT tt direction i.e. perpendicular to the plane of
Gametes T t the paper and directed inwards.
OR
Tt (A) The rule to determine the direction of
Hybrid tall
F1 generation magnetic field produced around a straight
× conductor-carrying current is Right hand
Selfing of F1 hybrid Tt Tt
t t
thumb rule which states that that if one
Gametes T T
holds a straight current carrying conductor
F2 generation T t with right hand such that the thumb points
towards the direction of current, then
T TT Tt fingers will wrap around the conductor in
Tall Tall the direction of field lines of the magnetic
t Tt tt field.
Tall Dwarf
(B) The rule to determine the direction of
Phenotypic ratio = 3 : 1 (3 tall : 1 dwarf) force experienced by a current-carrying
Genotypic ratio = 1 : 2 : 1 (1 pure tall : straight conductor placed in a magnetic
2 hybrid tall : 1 pure dwarf) field which is perpendicular to it's Fleming’s

Sample Paper 1 13

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 Left Hand Rule, which states that if the first current, then the thumb will point in the
finger points in the direction of magnetic direction of motion or the force acting on
field and second finger in the direction of the conductor.

SECTION - D
34. (A) Thyroid gland secretes thyroxin. P
I=
Function of thyroxin: It plays an important V
role in the regulation of the basal metabolic
rate. 100
I=
Parathyroid secretes Parathyroid hormone 220
(PTH, also known as parathormone). I = 0.45 A
Function of parathyroid hormone: The
220
maintenance of the parathyroid hormone R= Ohm
is necessary for the proper operation of the 0.45
nervous and muscular systems. It regulates = 489 Ohm
the levels of calcium and potassium in the
For heater B:
blood.
P = 150 W
Pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon.
Function of insulin: Insulin is essential V = 220 V
for maintaining the homeostasis of blood P
I=
glucose levels. V
Function of glucagon: It aids in keeping
blood sugar levels normal. 150
I=
(B) One of the important parts of hind brain is 220
cerebellum that controls and coordinates I = 0.68 A
the movements of our body and helps in
220
adjusting the posture. It functions even R= Ohm
when the person is asleep. 0.68
= 324 Ohm
35.
Resistance of heater A is 489 Ohm and
Heater A Heater B that of heater B is 324 Ohms. Therefore,
heater A has higher resistance.
Power P 100 W 220 V
(B) Electrical Energy consumed by heater-A:
Voltage V 220 V 220 V E =P×t
P = 100 × 1
Current I = 0.45 A 0.68 A
V = 100 Wh
= 0.1 KWh
Resistance R = V 489 324
I Ohms Ohms Heater-B:
E = P × t = 150 × 1
(A) Electric Power, = 150 Wh = 0.15 KWh
P = VI Cost of operating heater-A for 1 hour
P = ` 5 × 0.1 = ` 0.50
⇒ I=
V Cost of operating heater-B for 1 hour
Also, according to Ohm’s law, = ` 5 × 0.15 = ` 0.75
V = IR So, heater B will be costly as it consumes
more energy.
V
\ R= . OR
I
(A) Advantages of connecting electrical
Using these relations, the values of current
devices in parallel are:
and resistance of heaters A and B have
been calculated: (1) Different appliances need different
For heater A: values of current for their proper
operation. Whereas, in a series circuit,
P = 100 W
the current is constant throughout the
V = 220 V
circuit.

14 Science Class X

Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx

 (2) When one component fails in a series
circuit, the entire circuit is broken and
none of the components work. On the
other hand, a parallel circuit divides the
current through the electrical gadgets.
(3) There is no division of voltage among
the appliances when connected in
parallel. The potential difference across
each appliance is equal to the supplied
voltage.
(B) For parallel combination of resistors, the
potential difference will be same.
Let the potential difference be V
V
As, I= R
Then the current passing through the
resistance 20 Ohm will be,
V (2) When heated, magnesium reacts with
I1 = R .
The current passing through the resistance
40 Ohm will be,
V This demonstrates that these metals'
I2 =
40
Clearly we see that,
I1 = 2I2
Hence current in 20W is double as
compared to the current in 40 W resistor.
36. (A) Iron lies above copper in the activity
series. This means that iron or iron knife
will displace copper from copper sulphate
solution. As a result of the reaction, ferrous
sulphate will be formed and the solution
will be light green in colour.
SECTION - E
37. (A) (i) 
Methyl orange is a synthetic indicator
which is red in acidic medium and
yellow in basic medium.
38. (A) Tyndall effect is shown in the given figure.
(ii) An aqueous solution turns blue litmus
solution red. So, the given solution is
acidic in nature. In order to reverse the
change, an excess solution of a base
should be added which will neutralize
the acid.
(B) Both phenolphthalein and methyl orange
are synthetic indicators whereas litmus and
vanilla essence are natural indicators.
OR
(B) Onion extract, vanilla essence and clove
oil are olfactory indicators which can be
used by visually impaired persons. On the
other hand, red cabbage leaf extract is red
in acidic medium but changes to green in
Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq)
Iron Copper sulphate Ferrous sulphate
(blue) (light green)
+ Cu(s)
Copper
(B) The bronze medal is an alloy and the
constituting metals are copper and tin.
The loss of lustre by the metal is due to
the formation of a coating of green layer
which is basic copper carbonate.
OR
(A) It is true. The relative positions of these
metals in the reactivity series can be
estimated. For instance,
(1) Even with cold water, sodium reacts
violently, and it easily combines with
air or oxygen.
hot water as well as with oxygen or air.
(3) Iron only reacts with steam, and it
reacts slowly with air.
respective positions in the activity series
are: sodium, magnesium, and iron.
(B) Zinc lies above mercury in the activity
series and can easily replace it from
mercuric chloride solution. Mercury formed
in the reaction gets deposited on the
surface of zinc to give it a silvery look.
Zn(s) + HgCl2(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + Hg(s)
But zinc is placed below magnesium in
the activity series. Therefore, no chemical
reaction occurs between zinc and
magnesium sulphate solution.
basic medium which cannot be seen by a
visually impaired person.
The phenomenon is scattering of light
by particles in a colloid or in a very fine
suspension. The fine particles present in a
true solution or a colloid scatter the beam
of light thereby making the path of light
visible.
(B) The scattering of light and the colour of the
scattered light depends upon the size of the
particles. Larger particles scatter longer
wavelength like, red and orange.
(C) When the star light enters the Earth’s
atmosphere, where its refractive index is
increasing gradually, the star light is bent
towards the normal. Moreover, this light
entering our eyes fluctuates randomly
Sample Paper 1 15
 with time as the physical conditions of our
atmosphere is changing continuously.
OR
(C) The blue colour of sky is due to the scattering
of light by the large number of molecules
present in the Earth’s atmosphere. As the
size of the scatterer is much smaller than
the wavelength of light, light of smaller
wavelength is scattered the most. If the
Earth had no atmosphere, the sky would
appear black in the day time as no colour of
sunlight would be scattered then.
39. (A) The waste material is removed from
the body via the anus. The exit of waste
material from anus is regulated by anal
sphincter.
(B) Basic toothpaste should be used by Rohit
for clearing the teeth. This toothpaste
16 Science Class X
Click here to buy other Educart books on Amazon - https://amzn.to/40U8Txx
neutralise the excess acid produced by
bacteria and prevent tooth decay.
(C) Salivary glands not only secrete saliva
but also salivary amylase enzyme which
converts starch into sugar.
Hydrochloric acid is present in the stomach
which is secreted by gastric glands. HCl
decreases the pH of stomach. It also
activates pepsin.
OR
(C) The correct order of steps is:
(1) Ingestion – Intake of food.
(2) Break down of complex material into
simpler materials.
(3) Absorption – Movement of digested
food for absorption.
(4) Assimilation – Utilisation of food.
(5) Egestion – Removal of undigested food
material.