Atmospheric Pollution

Controlling Motor Pollution

In Cars:
1. Alternative Fuel
2. Change in Engine Design
3. Installing pollution control devices

By Government:
1. Tra c Management
2. Public Transport alternatives
3. Economic Policy Measures
4. Enforcement of Rules and Laws to control air pollution from motor vehicles

Clean Fuels:
1. Battery-Fuelled
2. Green Hydrogen

Internal Combustion Engines:

2 Stroke Engine:
Process:
1. Compression Stroke - Injection of fuel – Combustion of fuel – Compression of fuel
2. Power Stoke - Exhaustion of the fuel

Advantages of 2 stroke engine:

1. Power developed is twice of that of a 4 stroke engine
2. Lighter and less expensive
3. Faster Acceleration
4. Simpler Mechanism
5. Low maintenance

Disadvantages of 2 stroke engine:

1. High polluting — incomplete combustion
2. Uneconomical - high fuel intake is required, thus not ideally for commercial use
3. High cost of lubrication
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 4 Stroke Engine
Process:
1. Injection of fuel
2. Combustion of the fuel
3. Compression of the fuel
4. Exhaustion of the fuel

Advantage of 4 stroke engine:

1. More fuel e cient
2. Combustion happens in cylinder so less pollution
Disadvantages of 4 stroke engine:
1. Less power - Less acceleration
2. More expensive engine

Multinational Corporations:
MNC’s are corporations or industries, which are involved in the trade of goods and services in
more than one nation.

Elementary Objectives of MNC’s

1. To maximise pro ts by exploiting resources and pay very little attention to the environment
2. Expansion of business to multiple countries
3. Minimise the cost of production mainly the cost of cheap labour
4. To capture the lucrative foreign market against international competition

How MNC’s exploit developing counties

1. Unfair trade practices
2. While production environment hazards are not considered
3. They over-exploit the available resources
4. They use chemicals which have been banned in the North/Developed countries
5. They do not keep up with technology, and often equipment is old and outdated
6. While leaving the country, they take a lot of raw materials with them.

EIA(Environment Impact Assessment)

Checks the overall environmental impact of the project before its takes a ect.

For setting up agencies u need to get an approval from the EIA

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