Incoming tourism means travelers arriving in different countries from their own. 2: Outbound:Tourism: Outbound tourism refers to residents to travel outside their home country. > Domestic Tourism: Domestic tourism is tourism involving residents of one country traveling only within that country. > AnternalTourism :Visits by resident and non-residents of the country of reference. e >» National Tourism : Internal tourism plus outbound tourism. Visitors International visitors are persons who travel for a period not exceeding twelve months to country other than the one in which they generally reside and whose main purpose is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited, F ; eos eee 7 te ottsiae| ici fustalientecrameatbros epee exceeding twelve months. Subdivided Into Two Further Categories: asClassification: Organised mass tourists — These > people have little or no | influence over their travel experience "e other than 4 to ‘Purchase one package or another. They commonly trav travel in a group, view the destination ‘through the windows of a tour bus, and remain in " presel lected hotels. Shopping | in the _loce often provides their only c tact with the native poplation tourist may rent an auto to visit attractions Explorers — These people plan for their own itinerary and make their own reservations. They tend to be sociable people who enjoy interacting with people at the destination. Drifters — These people, the backpackers group, will seldom, if ever be _ found in a traditional hotel. They may stay out at the youth hostels with camp out, They tend to mix with the lower-socio-economics s and are commonly found riding third-class rail or bus. Most ves (VFR) — These people are stay in the homese ® Primary activities Socialising Dining in Home entertainment Secondary activi Dining out Physical recreation Shopping Sight-seeing Urban entertainment Other personal business Primary activities Shopping Religious visit Medical appointment Secondary activities Dining out Destination Tourism: A tourist destination is a city, town or other area that is dependent to a significant extent on revenues from tourism or a country, state, region, city, town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit. It may contains one or more tourist attractions and possibly some “tourist traps”. Destinahye —‘Tourien 11 a Gia Hind of eee ee ee HYD toyExcursion: educati ation or physical purpose. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or 'S @ Wip by a group of people, usually made for leisure, wstt4 Place, sometimes for other (typically work related) purpose, Exeursionist: A person who goes on an excursion, History of Tourism Introduction Early tray » Earlier travel was essentially to seek food or to escape danger. » Travel was also undertaken for trade. > Growth of cities along fertile river banks like Nile ete encouraged water travel > Ancient empires like the Romans helped shape modern travel. The Empire Era The Egyptians > At its peak the travel for business and pleasure flourished. > Travel to outlining cities was necessary. > Various amenities were offered to travelers. » They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held every year, » People used to travel to attend these festivals. The Persians: » They started travel initially for military use. » Later facilities earlier used for military were transformed to facilitate travel.Man of “good birth’ and ‘fortune Main tr: avelers were di ‘ ere diplomats, business people, and scholars Mainly for Career, education, culture, 5 0) culture, literary, health, scientific, business, and economic Teasons, SATHEROPTOURISMAND TRAVEL | || [°"!~?) _» Thomas Cook is the Father of Tourism ® His first organized trip was ‘Leicester to Loughborough * in 1841. <® It covered a distance of 22 km for 570 members. ©® He acted as an agent by buying tickets in bulk and selling it to others on a non profit basis. __» This gave him an idea to package tours in a profitable manner. _-® He organized the travel arrangements, accommodations, transport at the inati id return to the homeland. destinations and return 2 homeland. > He organized the first ‘inclusive tour’ to Paris Exhibition in 1855. > ‘Hotel voucher’ was introduced by Thomas Cook in 1867 and ‘Circular Note’ in 1873 which made travel easier. > First ‘Round the world tour’ in 1872. iE Year Milestone ie | | Invention of money by Sumerians (Babylonia) 1 | 40008cregan r Bourse nnn a Specal excursion train om Leicester te Thomas Coo! homas Cook first organized the round the world ig ‘Airplane’s first fg sht at Kitty Haws wt Wright : [iran Re ay aw Nor rain bye We 10 1958. ae -% jet we = ‘Boeing 707 jet was introduced 7 1970 First wide-bodied jet (Boeing 747) appeared n erice(capabie of = | carrying 400 pax) 2 | 1975 [ W710 besan ts eg extence Tourism Industry In India _ > India as a tourism destination is the toast of the world at the moment. > Coned Nast ranked India amongst the top 10 tourist destinations. > Travel and tourism industry is the second highest foreign exchange earner for India. _ 12" rank in absolute size worldwide _> 90" rank in relative contribution to national economics _ 4" rank in long term (1 0year) growth _» Ranked 14" best tourist destination for its natural resources > Ranked 24th for the cultural resources (IBEF) > Also bagged 37th rank for its air transport network (IBEF) > Contributes 8.6 % to GDP (WITC,2010) > GDP growth for Tourism and Travel sector is 6.7% (WTTC,2010)10 compared to 5.11 million in 2009 (MoT) > Forei "eign exchange eamings (FEE) from tourism compared to 2009 (MoT) ee ee Tourism Galore » The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2 % between 2010 and 2019 and will place India at the third position in the world. > Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP is expected to increase from USD 67.3 billion in 2009 to USD 187.3 billion in 2019. > India’s travel and tourism sector is expected to be the second largest employer in the world employing 40,037, 000 by 2019. Job Opportunities Capital investment in India’s travel and Tourism seetor is expected to grow at 8.8% between 2010 and 2019. > India’s travel and tourism sector will get an estimated investment worth USD 94.5 billion by 2019. > India is projected to become the fifth fastest growing business travel destination between 2010 and 2019 with an estimated real growth rate of 7.6 %. eaeMakes reservations fp a keeps appropriate oan Flight Attendant As sures the safety and Comfort of passengers during a flight. Ramp Agent -~ | = Loads and unloads cargo and baggage, making certain that it gets to its destination, Sales Representative | —— Promotes and sells to the public an airline's various passenger and cargo services. Z Ticket Agent Sells tickets to airline passengers at airport and city ticket offices. Convention Meeting and Convention Planner Arranges all travel and accommodations for special events, meetings and conventions. Convention and Meeting Planning Occupations Assistant Director Convention and Visitors Bureau Director of Conventional Sales Director of Event ServicesTravel Agent el Schedules passenger travel, both corporate and vacat \d_ provides special ation, and provides special services as needed. Tourism Reservation Agent Makes reservations for tours, answers questions regarding product, and makes recommendations. Tour Escort Accompanies travellers on escorted tours while handling all the details to assure a ion. Requires foreign language skills pleasant and hassle-free veChapter -3 Role of Transport in Tourism ‘Transport at facilitates physical movement of goods.as.well asiindividuals superior & well networked transportation system is a fundamental a tourist destination. from one place-to another. need for the development Transport services are provided based on the demand from tourists in order to ensure that individual needs of travellers are satisfied. One mode of transport may not be sufficient for tourists to reach their destination; they may need © use a combination of two or more modes of transportation to reach their final destination, Importance of Transport Services + Ithelps tourist’s visits tour the destination safely & comfortably. The primary attribute of conventional or special interest tourism places is that they need transport service that is regular & affordable © It-provides employment to skilled & semi-skilled people in & around the tourism. destination such as drivers, conductors, helpers, foremen, mechanics etc. on a large scale. ‘© It encourages beatification & good presentation of specific tourists spots at the destination. Infrastructure like well-laid roads, landscaping, highways, gardens & good accessibility to tourists destinations promote tourism. Also good & prompt transport service increases the value & credibility. Essentials Tourists Transport Services Specter © Safety Regularity ‘© Flexibility © Adaptability* Speed : isva-majoretementof-cach»mode “ofstranspotie Using technology of different modes of transport can be increased Keeping safety features in mind, ns, road dividers, traffic lights ete. internal measures include power steering & breaks, indicators ete @ made significant improvements in ‘maintaining regularity of transport services, Frequency of railway ser © has also been increased between the major cities in India, * Flexibilities: of service is one of the most important elements of good transport system. Out of all modes of transport, road transport is highly preferred for its flexible nature. * Cost : is an extremely critical ‘component. Cost that determines'the choice of one mode of “ransport to another. Thus cost of service is essential characters of a g00d transport system, * Adaptability : is also important elements of the modem transport system. Which helps to ‘meet the requirements of various categories of tourists.) (Q = os Road Transport ( |\) Road transport is'best preferred for its speed, flexibility & adaptabilitys Also mobility is ‘he major advantageS‘due to which,soad transportpreferred over other modes of one transport, * Rodd twansportvis one"@Pthe most prSmising and Potent means suitable for short and medium distances, * It provides the basic infrastructure for bringing the majority of the peopte who are living in far-off villages into the mainstream of national life by connecting them with different Places,+ Toffers @ number of advantages such as flexibility, reliability, speed and door-to-door service, besides supplementing. and increasing Whe efficiency of the other modes of transport, Q . ey senaowinsth=openingsupsabmertorande sano sists digas, cheaperendess'Capitahintensive, * These modes of Road Transport provide access to millions of people by using National highways, state highways, district roads, village roads or even unclassified village roads, o Mostoofithesinterstaremovemenisupso ardisiance of 600=800Kmsare-by-road. * Road transport provides basic infrastructure in connecting people of remote village to the @ mainstream of national life. With the invention of a new transport medium that is ‘motorcar, the entire shape of the tourism industry was transformed. 4 = es * The interstate bus system is well developed and the quality of buses varies. They fall nto the category of ordinary, semi deluxe, deluxe and air-conditioned coaches. * All information is available at bus-stands. taxi, car rental systems; matador type van are other services in road transports * The development of road transport is bringing about a fundamental change in the development of tourism in the growth of resorts, hotel and other services, The automobile provides greater freedom of travel and choice of destination, Or ae me * The Indian roads are ‘classified into the following four categories. L_ National Mighway:- These roads are primary roads of India, They connects cities and big industrial centers, They are maintained by central government. 2. StatewHighway:- These roads connect all important” industrial, trade and commercial centers of the state and national highways, They are maintained by state government. 3. «DistriétRoads:- These roads district and local railway station. 4. Viillage-Reads ;- They connects villages or groups of villages with each other and istrict road and other main highway ik important industrial and market places of the to the nearestthe blue water : Water transport refers to movement of g of goods and passengers on waterways by using various means like boats, steamers, ships, ete c Divo types of water transport 1 _Inland water transport U. Ocean transport T Inland water transport: Inland water transport use boats, launches, barges, streamers, etc, to carry goods and passengers on river and canal routes. These routes are called inland waterways and are used in domestic or home trade to carry bulky goods, H1- Ocean transport: Ocean transport refers to movement of goods and passengers with the help of ships through sea or ocean waterways. It plays an important role in the development of international trade. It is also used for transporting goods and passengers in the coastal areas ‘Ocean transport has its fixed route, which links almost all the countries of the world, Sea transport may be of the following two types. i. Coastal Shipping - In tourism transport, ships ply between the main ports of a country. Tourism helps in home trade, and also in carrying passengers within the country Overseas shipping - In tourism transport, ships ply between different countries separated by sea or ocean. It is mainly used for promotion and development of imtemational trade. It is economical means of transport to carry heavy machines and ‘g00ds in bulk. Overseas transport is earried out on fixed routes, which connect almostul the countries. In ocean transport, diferent types of ships are used to carry passengers and goods. ay be classified as under Miners: A liner is a passenger or cargo vessel, which belongs to a regular shipping Company. These ships ply over a fixed route according to a prescribed schedule or timetable Tramps: A tramp is a cargo ship, which does not make regular trips but plies whenever cargo is offered to it. It does not follow a fixed route ora prescribed timetable like that of liners Cruises: A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience, as wel as the (different destinations along the way. Transportation is not the prime purpose, as eruise ships operate mostly on routes that return passengers to their originating port, so the ports of call are usually in a specified region of a continent. Cruise ships are organized much like floating hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in addition to the usual ship's crew. It is not uncommon for the most luxurious ships to have more erew and staff than passengers ‘Advailitages of water transport: * Its a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods * Its a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods + Itisa safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents + The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low as most of them are naturally made, + It promotes intemational trade _-— Limitations of water transport: © The depth and navigability of rivers and canals vary and thus, affect operations of different transport vessels,«It is a slow moving mode of transport and ther A Ye of transport and therefore not suitable for transport of perishable goods. * lis adversely affected by weather conditions * Sea ransport requires large investment on ships and ther maintenance \sportation Scheduled air transportsstatedsinsladieli#6i939) Until its nationalization in 1953, the existence of air transport was only symbolic and played relatively small role in the Ssonomy of the nation. As its use was limited to the British government and technological level of this industry ig inadequate, they never took any effort to develop the same. Afler theienactment ofthe Air Corporations AHi195% aidnationaliing:the-aetranspo industry in Indias two Corporation Were set up, viz. Indian Airlingsand Aiedndia, Pawan Hans was formed in 1985 to run the helicopter services and was initially named the Helicopter Corporation of India, Ilis the fastest mode of transport, It isthe fastest mode of transport. It carries goods and Passengers It carries oods and passengers through airways by using different through airways by using different aircrafts like passenger aircraft, aircrafts like passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, helicopters, ete Alt transport-to"India'is'primatily used for passenger transportation and hence-it has a _very important ole to play in the development of tourism. ide and modernize the airports as The government is now spending huge amounts to upai per the requirements of today the future. For instance, Indian Airlines has received the approval of Ministry of Civil Aviation for buying 43 small medium size aircraft and strengthen the fleet of the airline _Advantagesof Air transport > tats the fastest mode of transport, It isthe fastest mode of transport. Itis very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area,+ ls very uf in teaponting good and passeng + Whichare.ot accessible by anyother mens ‘This the most conve nent mode oF transport Port duting nara etamities, It provides vital support to the. : yi tional security and defence, "provides tal suppor tothe national security and de Limitations of air tr ‘ir transport Limitations ofa P tations of ar transport . latively more expensive mode of anspor It is latively more expensive mode of ransport is affected by adverse weather conditions Itis affected by adverse weather conditions, Its not suitable for short distance travel I is not suitable for shor distance travel ident, it results in heavy losses of goods, property and life Rail Transport © Rail transport is a commonly used mode of long-distance transportation in India, Almost all ail operations in India are handled by a state-owned organis In 1853 when the first ever railway train in India commenced its journey from Bombay to ThaiaaMSORGAPMSAeIncion alive cet hsty at Asis last ay syne, Sadan alley rye a we oc race milion employes, can be etl decid eis ofthe maton Sq Oi joumey atmostaffordable cto almost even. nook & comenof India|So & more passenger-fHendly. Passengers could be at mation by internet service. The railway established the passenger service, Passengers can now ord for their tickets independently through on-line logging tothe concerned website & Tourism * The IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation) is ac n, setup b the Ministry of railways on 12" April 2002 to meet the demand of the passengers. The IRCTC has been formed to function as an extended arm of the Indian railways to upgrade professionalize & manage the catering & hospit sat stations, on trains & locations & to promote domestic & international tourism through development of hotels, special tour package, information, commercial publicity & global Tourism Promotions ‘© To explore the splendor of multifaceted India, Indian railway provide excellent value for money & enhance the charm of holidays for vistors. With the introduction of Place-On Wheels, Heritage-On Wheels, Deccan Odyssey train, Royal Orient train, The Gol Chariot train & five hill station oy train, a new script has been written by the Indian railways in respect of tourism promotion 1. Palace-On-Wheels: the name is derived from it royal background of the coaches. A new air-conditioned Palace-On-Wheels train was introduced in 1984 & has 14 saloons, 2 restaurant cum Kitchen Cars, 1 Bar Cum Lounge & 4 service cars. All the saloons are interconnected, the interior reflect the glamour of the former royal state of Rajasthan. ‘This maharaja trains also offers all types of Indian & continental dishes & comfortable seating & sleeper cabins Inthe lst few years it has been rated as one of the best tn Iuxurious rail journey in the world, The train departs from every Wednesday from New 9Jaisalmer, Jodh be Jodhpur, Agra & back to doys This tin runs inwintsementsoniy, | Heritage-on-Wheels: this isa luxurious t th us train on the same lines ofthe P joint venture of Rajasthan fea “ = Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation & I ih nian railways, Heritage-on-Wheels traverses through the uncharted regions of Bikaner & hwati, famous repositories Positories of the heritage & culture of Rajasthan, This train also helps travellers t '0 explore the cultural heritage of rola ie of other cities of Rajasthan in a grand & The train cover from Jaipur to shekhawati via ers the distance in three days from Jaipur to sl Bikaner & Tal Chhaper. ’ ae a The Golden Chariot: i the train is named after the famous stone chariot in Hampi, @ ‘orld heritage site in southern India travels through timeless historical resplendent palaces, wildlife & golden beaches. This train welcomes both the domestic & foreign tourists with a fascinating f ith a fi 1g journey through the many world of Kamataka. The train journey covers 7 nights & 8 days starting from Bangalore then to Mysore, Kabini, Belur, Hampi, Badami, & goa. This train four stats on every Monday of the week from Bangalore. 4, Fairy Queen: this train was rolled out ofthe first time, for East Indian railway in the year 1855, Considering the heritage importance of the fairy queen, it has been started again ‘once a month from October to February to relive the history, culture & heritage of the places between Delhi to Alwar, including Sarika Tiger Reserve for an overnight sia ‘The train stops t every major destination & the ambience inside the firy queen makes one feel like a Maharaja on the royal journey. 5, Deccan Odyssey: it is also kind of luxury tain introduced by the joint vente between. indian railways & the govt. of Maharashtra, The Deccan ofysssy ain explore Maharashtra the splendor of Konkan coast, along with the art, culture & heritage of This train takes around 80 passengers on a tour of Maharashtra during its 8 days journey goad north western parts of Maharashtra state During its journey it stops at Ratnagiri Ellora) & Nashik. The Deccan odyssey is Sindhudurg, Goa, Pune, Aurangabad (Ajantage ve the best of heritage & culture of Maharastra & Goa, while an attempt to showcas the tourists to visit forts, historical places, museums enjoying a regal ride. It help beaches etc. of Maharashtra & Goathem, equipped with running hot & cold water. This tri board. It covers the places like Delhi, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Junagarh, Dilwar, py Ahmedabad & Jaipur Hil trains: apart from these above mentioned heritage trains, Indian rail five toy trains offering their service in some hill stations of India. it eo distance but the amazing joumey that takes place from a great height Is a mem Route of toy trains 4 Darjeeling toy tains: new Jalpaiguri-Darjeeting (WB) 5. Kangra valley toy train: Pathankot junction- Joginder nag ©. Matheran toyb train: Neral-Matheran (MH) 4. Nilgiri toy train: Mettupalayam-Ooty (TN) © Kalka toy train: Kalka-Shimla (HP) & Konkan railway: passes throughthe picturesque regionof the west coast of India. The Journey through the beautiful Konkan coast is a 760 km long adventure on rails. This railway project involves construction of 179 major bridge, 1819 minor bridge & 92 tunnels.Chapter-2 Consti wents of the Tourism The Constituents of the tourism industry d fi are varied ranging from small scale businesses operatinglocal levels to multinationals. For e..: fast food counter at an airport sa component of tourism industry, as is an airline or hotel for it has its| wn) seevine puepoeal fae HT More over these different components are closely linked to each other, This linkage is there inspiteof the competition within one set of constituents, PRIMARY? MAJOR CONSTITUENTS ‘Tianipcit, A(commodut Intermediaries , Gov essential constituents. 1. Transport: travel agent or a tour operator should be in aposition to suggest a mode of transport to his elient. Further, the travel depends on the availability of seats, Today, the travel industry with its various branches in the areas of road, rail, air & water. 2. Accommodation: a tourist not only travels but also stays somewhere, And here comes in accommodation. It could be of different type i.e. from cottages or tourist lodges to a house boat or a five star hotel ood & entertainment: food being a basic necessity the role of catering &food comes 3. Caterin; into focus. Restaurants fast food joints & dhabas all play roles in this regard with diff cuisine to offer 4, Intermediaries: the intermediaries constitute the travel agency, tour operator & guide services. All the components of tourism are co-related by the travel agents /tour operator who has accumulated knowledge, expertise & contacts with providers of services. He is useful & invaluable intermediary between the traveler & the suppliers of the touristservices ie airlines, transport companies, hotels ete. The guide services play a vital role in tourism as a tourist feels comfortable when the essence of culture is explained — especially when it is done in his own language. ent departments / tourist information centers / tourist organizations: many national 5. Governi international organizations related to tourism form part of the tourism industry.SECONDARY CONSTITUENTS the tourism mix or are there are a variet ariety of set Services (formal & non formal) that constitu Tod B® indirectly related ig tourism. For cheque or credit cards. Similarly banks don't come under the wittsm industry but they cater to tourist through traveler iMsirance Companies offer shor term saisiy or accident Policies to tourist Following are such consti 1. Shops & entertainment 2, Handicrafts& souvenirs 3, Local taxi / transportation 4. Hawkers& coolies 5. Communication services atthe destination rent agencies, 6. Advertise 7, Publishing industry which publishes travel guides, brochures, magazines, posteardsete. och igazines, eG 8. Artists, performers, musicians who entertain the tourist mbioes fi of Tourim Peo iba eine COMPONENTS OF TOURISM (‘A's OF TOURISM) ards the motivated destinations * _Itis the most important factor to attract the tourists tow. + Itattracts tourists by providing all the facilities towards the destinations The basic components or 4°A" s of tourism are as follows: SSIBILITY:Accessibility means reachability to the place of destination through D-ACCE: various means of transportation. Transportation should be regular, comfortable, economical and 1es, railways, surface (road safe. Today there are various means of transportation like aitliBe °¢ Water transportation. The transportation should be there fo all kinds of tourist & destinations fe tourism is intended as the set of services and facilities capable of allowing persons BP specific needs to enjoy a holiday and their leisure time with no particular barriers or problems. + Itis important key factor for the development of tourism, * Attraction may be wherever but without accessibility can’t reach towards that place * _ Itis the mode of transportation which helps the tourist to reach the destination + Three type of transportation: Transportation in land through roadways or railways, It is the cheapest means of transportation, b) Air Transportatio ‘ansportation through airways to travel long distance. It has helped a lot as people can travel long journey as well as they can travel through high mountains ©) Water Tra travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology, nsportation: Transportation through water. It made important contribution to 2)ACCOMMODATIONiIt is a place where tourists can find food and shelter provided he/she is in a fit position to pay for it. There are various types of accommodation from a seven star deluxe hotel to a normal budget class hotel. It is very basic to tourist destinations. The latest trend ommodation is holiday villages. ommodations Primary Accommodations: Hotels, Resorts, Complexes & Heritage Hotels Secondary Accommodations: Motels, Youth Hostels, Holiday Centers, Farm Houses, Sleeper Trains & Caravans + -It includes food & lodging facilities to the guest. It should be comfortable and services & facilities should be provided.+ Two type yes of accommodation: 8) Serviced Accommodation: It refers to the serv See ices provided by the hotel, lodges te hed to provide service of lodging & food to the guest b) Self Catering or Suppleme modati }odation: It refers to the pi he premises which offer It provides food & coe 10d & accommodation in return of h per day. E-g. Youth Hostel, Dharmaselas, Pai-Pauwa, hol 5 'ati-Pauwa, Tourist holiday villages et 3) AMENITIES: The basic facilities provided facilities provided in a tourist destination. + Extra facilities & se lites & services required to the guest while traveling + Facilities complement to the attraction, also provides facilities lik = Two types of amenities: a) Natural: Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rack climbing, trekking, sightseeing, iver, suns b) Man made: Dance, Musie, Drama, Cinema, Swimming Pool, Fair & Festivals, and Internet ete, 4)ACTIVITIES:The various elements of tourism services available which offered to tourist at the destinations. Activities classified as + Tourism resources Entertainment and Sport Facilities ‘© Tourism Reception Facilities JON (Locale):A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit ficanee, natural or buil 5) ATTRAC typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical beauty, or amusement opportunities. It is considered as the most important basie component oftourist destination or attr action, aa : s the most important el r p ment & object that attract people to People to tra * Kt Includes cultural sites, archeological sites, historical buildings & monumey scenery like flora & fauna, b eludes events lke trade far, exhibition, sports event ec + Tis the pre ‘onditions of travel, | attracts the people & provides * Mattrets & attaches peopl o enjoy & involve in tourism activiti + Two types of attraction a) Natural At tion: Attraction places made by nature, climate, natural beauty landscape, mountains, water resources, lora & fauna, wild life, beaches, safari, cay b) Man-Made Attraction: Attra tion developed by man, E.g, historical buildings, monuments, ‘music, Festival, temples, churches, leisure parks, Disney lands, museums discos, casinos ete Locale is enother basic component of tourism. The locale may be used to include the holiday destina ‘and what it offers to the tourist. The holiday d tination may offer natural attractions. {tis considered as the most important basic component of tourism, Fashion is an important factor in the demand for various tourist tions and amenit s. The tourist who visits a particular Place for its natural beauty may decide o visit some other atractions due toa change in fashion redients of tourism, Elements of tourism: - There are certain elements ot in They are the Tundamental attractions of tourisn They are 1. Pleasing weather 2, Scenic atractions 3. Historical and cultural factors 4, Accessibility 5. Amenities6. Accommodation Safety and security Other factors Guide/ escort facilities, b. Basic medical facilities, Electricity Water . Communication system, YPleasing weather: - Fine weather with warm sun shine is one of th rt attractions of any tourist pl holidi ace. Particularly good weather plays an important role in making a Su Plessint oF an vnpleisant expetence, Tousen somes vide extemen obaseair Visit Sea beaches in search of fine weather and sunshine. Due to this many spas and resorts along the sea coasts come into existence. In Europe, countries like Italy, Spai in and Greece have developed beautiful beach resorts. There are many such resorts along the coasts of Mediterranean sea INDIA, Sri Lanka, Thailand Indonesia, Australia, Philippines and some other countries have beautiful sea beaches with fine weather ate best examples where weather has played a prominent in attracting tourists. In some countries hill station resorts’ have been developed to eater the needs of tourists. The best example for this is Shimla, 2. Scenic attractions: - No doubt scenic attractions are very important factors in tourism. Scenery consisting of mountains, lakes, waterfalls, glaciers, forests, deserts, is strong forces attracting people to visit them. Thousands and thousands of tourists are attracted by the northem slopes of the Alps in Switzerland and Austria and the southem slopes at Italy and also Himalayan. Mountain slopes of India & Nepal X Historical and cultural factors: Historical and cultural interest exercised tremendous influence over travelers. Large numbers of tourists are attracted every year by the great drawing Shakespeare, or the city power of Strat food on avon in England because of its association with Shakesp th of Agra in India because of its famous leaning tower. Large number of Americans and Canadianscondon because of its histori ! and cultural attractions. So also the world famous caves of Ajanta and Ellora in India are visited by tourists because of its architecture and painting. 4 Accessibility: - Accessibility is another important factor of tourism, There should be accessibility for each and every location of tourist attractions. If their locations are inaccessible by the normal means of transport, it would be of little importance. are to be made avail All kinds of transport facilities lable for such locations. The distance factor also plays an important role in determining a tourist's choice of ‘destination. Longer distance cost much than to short distances, Sf Amenities Facilities are very essent ial for any tourist center. They are considered necessary aid to the tou ist center. For a aside resort facilities like swimming, boating, yachting surf riding and such other facilities like deeming recreations and amusements are an important There are two types of amenities viz, natural and manmade. Beaches, sea-bathing, fishing, climbing, trekking, viewing etc. are come under the former category. Various types of entertainments and facilities which cater for the special needs of the tourists come under the latter category 6“Accommodation: - The need and necessity of accommodation cannot be ignored in tourist destination. Accommodation plays a vital role in this field, Many changes have taken place in e accommodation recently. New types of accommodation, particularly, holiday villages, apartment houses camping and caravan sites and tourist cottage ete. have become very popular, Usually a large number of tourists visit a particular spot simply because there is a first class hotel with excellent facilities. Today Switzerland, Holland, Austria and the Netherlands have gained reputation for good cuisine, comfort and cleanliness, Safety and Securi and security are vital to providing quality in tourism. More than any other economic activity, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends on being able to provide a safe & secure environment for visitors. | Other factors: - Besides the above factors, hospitality is one such factor among the variety ofrs. 1s the duty ofthe host county to be hogp Indian governments have done 1ot, A series of network cinema theaters all layed at various imp, and seaports. Following the aboy s. It means that he tourist n jurist must be tr BASIC COMPONENTS, Accessibility Accommodation at Hotels Railway Motels Road Inns Sea Guest Hotels Youth Hotels Resort Hotels Circuit Hotels Heritage Hotels Farm Houses Camping Sites & ete. over the country, Slogans like “wele« Portant exists and entry points (On vatious themes like “being d through ome a visitor- send back a like railway stations, airports countries launched “Be nice Attraction Monuments Pilgrimage Museums Zoo Rivers Beaches Art Galleries | Hill Stations | Natural Attractions Man-made Lakes & ete. |