Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr.Juned P. Labbai
MBBS, MD, DNB (Anatomy)
Associate Professor
Department of Anatomy
D Y Patil University - School of Medicine
Competencies
• Describe & and demonstrate attachments, nerve supply, relations,
and actions of sternocleidomastoid
• Explain the anatomical basis of wry neck
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Topics to be covered?
• Surface landmarks in neck region
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Posterior triangle of Neck
• Boundaries
• Contents
• Applied Anatomy
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SIDE OF NECK
SURFACE LANDMARKS
SURFACE LANDMARKS
Lesser supraclavicular fossa
• Small triangular depression above medial
end of clavicle between sternal and clavicular
heads of sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Internal jugular vein lies deep to this fossa
• Origin
• Insertion
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE
Innervation
• Spinal accessory nerve
• Branches of the ventral
primary rami of C2 and C3
Note
• Fibers of spinal accessory are
motor
• Fibers from C2 and C3 carry
proprioception
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE
Actions
• Unilateral contraction
• Turn chin to opposite side
• Tilts head toward shoulder of same side
• Bilateral contraction
• Flex cervical part of vertebral column
• Extends heads at atlantooccipital joint
• Draws head forward for eating or in lifting head from pillow
• Helps in forced inspiration
Clinical Integration
• Wry neck or torticollis
Deformity of neck due to
spasm of sternocleidomastoid
muscle
muscles
Roof
• Formed by
• Skin
• Superficial fascia containing
• Platysma
• External and posterior jugular veins
• Parts of 4 cutaneous nerves: Great
auricular, transverse cervical,
supraclavicular, and lesser occipital
nerves
• Cutaneous vessels
• Superficial cervical lymph nodes
• Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
SIDE OF THE NECK
CUTANEOUS NERVES
FLOOR OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
Floor
List muscles forming floor of posterior
triangle of neck
• Formed by
• Prevertebral layer of deep cervical
fascia and
• Muscle under cover (above
downward)
• Semispinalis capitis
• Splenius capitis
• Levator scapulae
• Scalenus medius
SUBDIVISIONS AND CONTENTS
Omohyoid muscle
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Clinical Integration
• Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy: Most common swelling
in posterior triangle
• Causes: Tuberculosis, Hodgkin’s disease, and
malignancy of breast infection of arm
• Left supraclavicular lymph nodes are also called Virchow’s
lymph nodes
• Are commonly involved in metastasis from tumors of
stomach, testes, and other abdominal viscera
Clinical Integration
• Biopsy of supraclavicular nodes may reveal cause of
their enlargement
• Block dissection of the neck: Removal of cervical lymph
nodes performed in treatment of malignancies
Clinical Integration
• Abnormal subclavian artery may compress esophagus and
causes dysphagia lusoria (difficulty in swallowing)
Compression of subclavian artery: Can occur due to
• Occasional cervical rib
• Occasional short scalenus anterior muscle
• Surgeries of neck may damage spinal accessory nerve
• Spinal accessory nerve divides posterior triangle into upper
surgically safe area and lower surgically unsafe area as
contains many import nerves and vessels
Clinical Integration
Brachial plexus block
• Can be blocked by injecting local
anesthetic between first rib and
skin above clavicle
• May be required for upper limb
surgeries
• Pulsations of subclavian artery can
be felt at rest of neck by pressing
artery behind clavicle at lower
end of posterior border of
sternocleidomastoid muscle
Summary
• Surface landmarks in neck region
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Posterior triangle of Neck
• Boundaries
• Contents
• Applied Anatomy
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