ℎ·𝑐 ℎ

𝐸 = ℎ·𝑣 = 𝜆= 𝐸 = 𝑊0 + 𝐸𝑐
𝜆 𝑚·𝑣
1 ℎ ℏ
𝐸𝑐 = 𝑚 · 𝑣 2 𝐸𝑐 = 𝑞𝑒 · 𝛥𝑉 𝛥𝑥 · 𝛥𝑚𝑣 ≥ =
2 4𝜋 2
ℎ·𝑐 1 1 1 1 1 𝐾 · 𝑁𝑎 · 𝑞𝑎 · 𝑞𝑐 · 𝑒 2 · 𝐴 1
𝐸= = 𝑅ℎ · 𝑍 2 ( 2 − 2 ) = 𝑅ℎ · 𝑍 2 ( 2 − 2 ) 𝑈=− (1 − )
𝜆 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝜆 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑑0 𝑛

𝐷 𝜇𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝐷 3·𝑅·𝑇 1
𝜇𝑖ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 𝛿 · 𝑑 = 4,8 ( ) · 𝑑(Å) % 𝑖ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 = · 100 = · 100 𝐸̅𝑐 = = 𝑚 · 𝑣̅ 2
Å 𝜇𝑖ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 4,8 · Å 2 2
3·𝑅·𝑇 𝑣̅1 𝑀2 𝑃1 · 𝑉1 𝑃2 · 𝑉2
𝑣̅ = √ =√ =
𝑚 𝑣̅2 𝑀1 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑛2 · 𝑎 𝑃2 𝛥𝐻𝑣 1 1
𝑃·𝑉 =𝑛·𝑅·𝑇 (𝑃 + ) (𝑉 − 𝑛 · 𝑏) = 𝑛 · 𝑅 · 𝑇 𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
𝑉2 𝑃1 𝑅 𝑇2 𝑇1
𝛥𝐻𝑣 𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐽 𝑚𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝛥𝑆𝑣 = ≅ 21 ≅ 88 % 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = · 100 % 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 = · 100
𝑇𝑒 𝐾 · 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 · 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝐸𝑞𝑠 𝑚𝑠 · 𝑣 𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑠 𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑠
𝑁= = 𝑀= = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = =
𝑉 𝑃𝑚 · 𝑉 𝑉 𝑃𝑚 · 𝑉 𝑘𝑔𝑑 𝑃𝑚 · 𝑘𝑔𝑑
𝑛𝑖
Cgas = K∙Pgas factor Van't Hoff i = 1 + (1)· 𝑋𝑖 =
∑ 𝑛𝑖
𝑚−𝑥
𝑛
𝐶1 𝑆1 𝑉1 𝑉
𝐾𝐷 = = = 𝑥 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑚 ( ) PD  Pd0 ·Xd
𝐶2 𝑆2 𝐾𝐷 · 𝑉´ + 𝑉
𝑉2

Q = m·ce·T Q = m·L ΔU = Q + W

Qp = U + (PV) Qp = Qv + RT·n(g) H = U + RT·n(g)

 −𝛥𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝛥𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑟 = 𝛥𝐺 = 𝛥𝐻 − 𝑇𝛥𝑆 𝛥𝐺 0 = −𝑅 · 𝑇 · 𝑙𝑛𝐾𝑝
𝑇
1 𝑑[𝐴] 𝐾𝑃2 𝛥𝐻0 1 1
− = 𝑘[𝐴]0 [𝐴] − [𝐴]0 = −𝑛 · 𝑘 · 𝑡 𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
𝑛 𝑑𝑡 𝐾𝑃1 𝑅 𝑇2 𝑇1
1 𝑑[𝐴] 𝑘2 𝐸𝑎 1 1
− = 𝑘[𝐴]1 𝑙𝑛[𝐴] − 𝑙𝑛[𝐴]0 = −𝑛 · 𝑘 · 𝑡 𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
𝑛 𝑑𝑡 𝑘1 𝑅 𝑇2 𝑇1
1 𝑑[𝐴] 1 1 (𝑇1/2 )2 𝑎1 𝑛−1
− = 𝑘[𝐴]2 − =𝑛·𝑘·𝑡 =( )
𝑛 𝑑𝑡 [𝐴] [𝐴]0 (𝑇1/2 )1 𝑎2

(
−𝐸𝑎
)
[𝐶´]𝑐 · [𝐷´]𝑑 [𝐶]𝑐 · [𝐷]𝑑
𝑘 =𝐴·𝑒 𝑅·𝑇 𝑄= 𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐴´]𝑎 · [𝐵´]𝑏 [𝐴]𝑎 · [𝐵]𝑏
𝑃𝐶 𝑐 · 𝑃𝐷 𝑑 [𝐴− ] · [𝐻3 𝑂+ ]
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅 · 𝑇)𝛥𝑛 𝐾𝑎 =
𝑃𝐴 𝑎 · 𝑃𝐵 𝑏 [𝐻𝐴 ]


[𝐵𝐻+ ] · [𝑂𝐻− ]
pH = – log[H ] +
pOH = – log[OH ] 𝐾𝑏 =
[𝐵 ]

pK = – logK Kw = [OH] [H3O+] = 1014 pH + pOH = 14

Kw = Ka · Kb 14 = pKa + pKb Na·Va = Nb·Vb pH = pKi  1

[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎] [á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜]

𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 G = –nFE
[á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜] [𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]

0
0,059 𝑛 · 𝐹 · 𝐸0 𝑛 · 𝐸0 𝑃𝑚 · 𝐼 · 𝑡
𝐸=𝐸 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑄 𝑙𝑛 𝐾 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐾 = 𝑚=
𝑛 𝑅·𝑇 0,059 𝑛 · 96500
Masa del electrón me = 9,11∙1031 Kg Carga del electrón qe = 1,602∙1019 C
Nº de avogadro NA = 6,022·1023 part/mol Velocidad de la luz (vacío) c = 3∙108 m/s
Constante de Plank h = 6,626∙1034 J∙s Cte. de Rydberg Rh = 1,097∙107 m1 = 2,18·1018 J
R = 0,082 atm∙l/K∙mol = 8,314 J/K∙mol = 1,987 cal/K∙mol Cte. de Coulomb K = 9·109 N·m2/C2
Equivalencias 1 eV = 1,602∙1019 J 1 Å = 1010 m 1 nm = 109 m