DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Vector Control
For mosquito immature stages

INTEGRATED VECTOR MANAGEMENT

Best Western The Ivy Wall Hotel

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
November 7-10, 2017
 Learning Objectives
• The participants should be able to determine the
vector control measures used for immature stages of
mosquito vectors

• The participants should be able to select locally

appropriate vector control methods

• The participants should be able to integrate various

vector control methods for optimal use of resources

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 Selection criteria for vector control
• Effectiveness
• Human and environmental safety
• Risk for development of resistance
• Affordability
• Community participation
• Policy support
• Logistic support

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 Categories of vector control methods
for immature stages
• Environmental
• Mechanical
• Biological
• Chemical

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 Environmental control
• Source reduction
 reduce mosquito breeding sites by removing
mosquito breeding sites

• Habitat manipulation
 reduce mosquito breeding sites by removing
potential breeding sites

• Environmental modification
 reduce mosquito breeding sites by changing the
condition of the area

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 Environmental control
• Changes to human behavior
 actions to reduce human-vector contact

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 Environmental control

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 Environmental control

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 Environmental control
• Source reduction and Habitat manipulation
Pro’s
• Can be conducted together
with Dengue Vector
Surveillance
• Can be done by the household
owners
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Con’s
• Needs to be conducted on a
regular basis
• Needs constant monitoring
• Needs to address community
problems like overcrowding,
pollution, suboptimal waste
water drainage, and
inappropriate garbage and
waste disposal
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 Environmental control
• Environment modification and Changes to human behavior
Pro’s Con’s
• Needs to address community
problems like overcrowding,
• Provides a long-term solution
pollution, suboptimal waste
for the management of
water drainage, and
mosquito breeding grounds
inappropriate garbage and
waste disposal

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 Biological control
• Natural enemy conservation
 Larvivorous fishes
 Predatory insects

• Biological/Microbial larvicides
 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
 Bacillus sphaericus

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 Biological control

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 Biological control
• Natural enemy conservation
 Larvivorous fishes
 Predatory insects
Pro’s
• Target-specific
• Self-sustaining system
• Cost-effective in the long run
• Environment-friendly
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Con’s
• Can only reduce, not eliminate
• Slow process
• Expensive during start up
• Needs constant monitoring
• Must tolerate a level of
infestation
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 Biological control
• Biological/Microbial larvicides
 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
 Bacillus sphaericus

Pro’s Con’s
• Susceptible to sunlight
(potency degrades within a
• Target-specific
week)
• Not to toxic to humans
• Shorter shelf life compared to
synthetic insecticides

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 Chemical control
• Larviciding
 Temephos (Abate 1SG - Organophosphate)
 Diflubenzuron (Sumilarv –Insect-growth regulator)

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 Chemical control

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 Chemical control

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 Chemical control

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 Chemical control
• Larviciding
 Temephos (Abate 1SG - Organophosphate)
 Diflubenzuron (Sumilarv –Insect-growth regulator)

Pro’s Con’s
• Effective against container- • Toxic to other organisms
breeding Aedes mosquitoes in • Development of resistance
clean water • Accumulation
• Relatively low cost • Residue
• Availability • Needs consistent
• Stability monitoring

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 Safe use of insecticides
All pesticides are toxic to some degree. Safety precautions for their use –
including care in the handling of pesticides, safe work practices for those
who apply them, and appropriate field application – should be followed.
A safety plan for insecticide application can be organized along the
following lines:

• Instructions on pesticide labels should be followed carefully.

• Spray operators should be provided with at least two uniforms to
allow for frequent changes.
• Safety gloves, goggles and masks should be used for high-exposure
activities such as machine calibration.
• Changing and washing facilities should be available.

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 Safe use of insecticides
• All work clothes should be removed at the end of each day's
operations and a shower or bath taken.
• Work clothes should be washed regularly, preferably daily.
• Particular attention should be given to washing gloves, as wearing
contaminated gloves can be dangerous.
• Spray operators should wash their hands and face before eating and
should not smoke during work hours.
• Spray operators should not be exposed to toxic material for periods
that are longer than recommended.

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 Safe use of insecticides
• After each day's operation, any unused liquid larvicide should be
disposed of safely.
• Blood cholinesterase levels should be monitored if organophosphate
insecticides are used.
• Operator supervision by a well-trained individual is essential.
• During and immediately after indoor space spray operations,
householders and pets must remain outside the dwelling.

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 References
• Guidelines for Dengue Surveillance and Mosquito
Control, 2nd edition (2003)
• WHO Guidelines for Dengue Vector Surveillance,
Prevention and Control
• Control methods for Aedes albopictus and Aedes
aegypti (10 August 2017)
(http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/146518
58.CD012759/full)

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 References
• Vector management and delivery of vector control
services (2009)
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143163/)
• Advantages and disadvantages of BT
(http://bacillusthuringiensis.pbworks.com/w/page/9
916074/Advantages%20and%20Disadvantages)
• Advantages and disadvantages of biological control
(https://owlcation.com/stem/Advantages-
Disadvantages-of-Biological-Control)

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 References
• The pros and cons of biological control Part I: Bugs
for hire (http://grounds-
mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_pros_cons_bi
ological/)
• The advantages and disadvantages of chemical
pesticides (http://www.canna-
uk.com/how_control_pests_and_diseases_biological
_vs_chemical)

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