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TRANSMISSON TMPATRIMENT Fahen Signal ransmit From Serdsto veces, ean nor pesheck bbe yecened 9b receiver ng Transmission fropairment. “There ove Tkmee causes of Impatient ave _ — + Atvenuation : + Disorvion 2 + Nowe Altenuafon Abrenuation Means O lo’ OF energy. When a sfancl simpe bravels Poh q meson, tt losses Nome Seheray Fn ovetes Trina bet Newicbance oF the mediom. IN “here Kzrderene F Shape 78 Samev Anplipfore. feed in Ghrenuabion Pwoblers + Z : Dsloron & Dishrolon Means boat the Signal Changes iis form oF Shape. DYStovti on Can ccur fra Composite Stanal made of different | Faequenciex +7 Spe { bal Scanned with CamScanner ° i ~ an) rent © a ; pon nie 7 [eae Noe. ——— Px0. cial! Rae ra ——}—— Tait yg fee —___ > - {nduckion Ne _ oes tae > i ae t] Channel capacity & Phe maxiewm Tate ak Which ESMOND, Con [be Aransattied Fyraygh a chennel The pundame [ova Theorem oF Ingormrartay | theory Soays/ brat [ow Oy WAS werow Channel capachyy, any Jens conway “Code Com we designed vonage | Prveosiity OT extor Fs FRET, S™Ma\\ > ~ : | | + Noiseless oh ONHE\_ F The: yw Ww. e : Fata depines The eae SE Tate, Sy | bit Yate. ENCO\_Wakimon Bk wie = Ox wondar LOG bp 0) Where, nAeaath easter oy AN) C= MaxmMyM de FO CALE bie Scanned with CamScanner = 2» S000 logo 1h i = 2 S8R34 -g394 2 8.75 PS z Noivy, Crannel * Shonno_ Cor Copocihy - b we. COnnotk {ore Q 9 Noieless Channel Me Chonne\ fs oWwnys Odigy. Shannon Channel Capaciiy theme “Stale! “rmaxirnom doba Yare FS Ndisey Chonnel %s equal» Formula’ Bx» Ler li+sne) Where + Monimom DabaNate, =e ~B= Band width of Channel SNR= Sfanal bo Noise patfop SNR = Sancl_ power Nofse Powe # [te you Heed. Zooklbops Wey _a_Toiseless Sheinne] vaitha Gandwidhya DkHg. HOW. | Mary Signal Teugy. Sy Pe Iniven, maximo data yale = Loo kops “Ran dwidth OF sie \®) = 90 KUNG Sanal evel) = mr ‘anned with CamScanner pen S| pau oe ox, kag) = BX [roku 2LR END Find MOXl | sad | Bandura & bool Ea Hl Signal Longse owes SNR = Bode i | B= bNHY Marimom dara vare=9 According bo Shannon Arannd Capacit ! theorin mt C= G loge (irsngy aonum, Dara Vale. | ] So dR x 109 | > FAA bod ALO91 (14 L000) aaa - = boo loprnol Sne = Pe 7 =A BS bebe ee = 1000 = boO* B.oo0y = Tega —=— = bem 3.0004 : Paty = HORS 04g = Scanned with CamScanner maximum data vol | According bo Shannon Channel Capacity Heron C= Bloga (4+ SNR) = Boo % loge 141000} 2 Boo % Lone dood “Log = Boo X9-968 S94 = L871 Kops Again, SNR = S09 B= 12 iy (1.24 N9-K1000) =1200 Marimom dara Naber? Roesicing dO Shemnon, Channel capaci bhexory \. 5 Ges Blog Rt ENR}. 21200 1042 ( L-4.4000) 120 % Nop Avot Scanned with CamScanner Page No, Dato ( IA 00 Ww L001 ear = [ROOK 9963 =ANORL = 14:9 Kops th Atwloy And digital tans TAISSTO a 4 [Romog WonsMissior Conneys Vokce dota more Signal or video Angrommatioy Lsigg on Trane BNO Siano\ Prat ComiMnUawlly Nationa. Dy ‘tal Dronsmisston_bronspexs data ONES 9 Wenemiifoy > Medion AsNrelay: 4 sete. = EI Modularson > 55 iy Kmadiiialinn - ‘anned with CamScanner ee ee 1 Dora prea % No) \| Malay dare and at eT ak 2 eo [aie date bo dAttol Sqnz* aire) Sapo\ Yo digital atte + O sane | LI if {4 \ LA Dota! Solow \yo pecodes Une encoding: The process Box Converting SAiWw\_ dot) We alerel sipnal_ 3S Said toe iWEacs digg “Sigel data FS Pound Wine frMals Th is yepresented Aina, as Series™ OF BO IS ONAds, Bihhol” Sianal TS dentied ty BAAS SAW WNCH wepecents AKaikal got XBES Sh Line Ending + Unipolar U + Polar + Bipolar here “ore Aree GS NR2 NR 2 -Maneh eshey Scanned with CamScanner yes of polar | Page No. Date i ONr- Boley Encoding | -Unipslay encoding Schemes ore Slagle valtong Sieve “ko Nepvesenh dab, An Ws: se be Aepresenty ina t nigh Volbage. fis Nansmilted ond to tepesent 0, no velbaqe 1S Honsmitted. Th%s alto Called Ondeolar — Now -valun- te-Zexo, loecause there 4s Ao rest Condilon. 7b Cither Nepresents Lovo. Pol2( ep] 72] uf Sf_shigh . 0- Zero A) polar Encodin: ing Pala _|nend yg scheme Oses multiple Aattage ~\ene\S) bo yepresent —Veinayy values. paar Encodings Ws ANaflawe TA Four Wypec: NS POlOK Non- periD bo ews (odin nez) ALSs Uses two seerent Wltage levels fo yepresenk finan \o\ues positive SaRS™ Aepesents 1 and’ DNewetwe Valve AeMESenkso, SIs alvo ON RE Reciine Be preted ts Nesh Gonaiion Ata Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner Page No, Date: ff, DiEFerential — Manchester ol ANS |ncwalig Scheine ig a Combination OF RZ ANA NET, DVako Honey ab the middle op the BIL bok Chonaes, PRASE ony When Ts enwn- SO fered. LL > ZlF__ Nrerwmate es =e pO 1-07 8 [dela apo faye Scanned with CamScanner Entoding i ~ Use ge eae Si . 4 Lvpitage- psy E Lye tots aya lo [okt fbi P= [Deiat Bolg Z_ Aa, Stonals_} Ask, FSR, PSK, ARSK >| when data FSH OME Compules FS Sent bo another Wa Some ANY Coxyiew, th 4s Firs i cometted Into ANAC” SKanals. Anatog Signals + Mie Medigled’ te Aeyleak Mafia data Anateg Stanal 1S Characker?zal wy ASk[ Amplittie “shict_ ke ing, She awphWe ok analy Gatien Signal fs Medipied be reflect orang data. 1 | Scanned with CamScanner unt- 6 S g ce. Shoals, (mae Auitiple Access ; Sub loyet ee SJ Mutiple access Prslocels = : E In mUtWple Gees psvtocals %s a dedeaye ink loetween the Sedder and Whe Necefvey — Hey XO Lin Convio| lonex Xs so Fsicient. Mere y a d|eated LINK Present ren enuitipie Solin i: [JOaccess Whe _channe\ BNMAANHEOULY, Frsiecals_ ne Nequited fax Sheting” data ON tm ie Geatcated Choma, Mutliple Access PRODSCa\s Gag ! Noe Aivided anes : E | MulXple Access pevhecw! Be + Raniow Access Ginga! Conia) Row PTabGa|_Chonneegs ma Randers ACCESS HrOhoen] >| AN Stations have! Same Superiority thal fs no slain hor move Prot than anothea Sraydy. ; : t : 2 Nee Ferny ‘Pred time “af Sending dete, e + Mere ¥s Ho nea Sequence ‘pf SLaAvTOHS set data: . i =e —f L402 PALA ( Pore ang SMobled Aloway . 3 QCCSSs HdOVoCol. ab way | a CAN Vout Ts alse oppliabl t Fevshored mediom. aa AS, Turi pie shangony ca? Es ronseyg} data ab tre Some y, Scanned with CamScanner Mere gre Wwe /ypes. ie pore ALOHA ih Slobled ALOHA Pure ALOHA F The Mme of Nansmisston - 79 Continuove WNHED Q Slalfen sends data ih Wits hor_an Scknotwleds: I ment: Whenever hws Frames hy bo OccoRY hhe Channel AX some time, Mhere Win be calvis fon Ons. both Win be cembies. : \wloerable mel 2% Frome time “Diwvanur = yee zor Swerve Gy 45 the _Ne-oh _Shalion vow Honm fb sane bine - Moxiravey Pyroughpot = 0.184 sfor = A Ow dy 0 au 2 Al net) do ca 1 Cu Le fo, CAML -2 Ye 9 a, 1-amso. uUs= Vo any neve salves c = OUNRY Scanned with CamScanner “Page No C data 7 Shobled Noein Vis AtwMlay by POE a Wane nto alos ce ae oN . Oy \ne Ah mus “DERN, is a ne “pede SANTO NWI = OSB debe ay —S & len ne av aw eet a5 & et Ww) cy Oyrex oo ee rg ee Wer W : Tew Jidisee ———t ze Scanned with CamScanner Page No, Date: 7 / Be Denton of ’Rdge, Rovler & Susileh ? Bridge | >A loeidge 4s a Computer Hetweking device Yak “creates a Vsingle, a Aatacte Hehwerk Fem MUONS Communicabior netoene Rouley + A Roviex Fs a nehwotking device Hat forwaids data Packets wehUreen Computer qBrwoik s, Rourerd Petts He poggfe directing ~yonctfon Ane inlomet, Ot Suitch A Suitch fs a smait hardware device wolhiich Fd used bo Join Multiple Computer. # [| Pigansscking, > [Roo- way Neommnonicatian Whenever a Brame Ps aecdives the yeceiver Waits ONd doesn't Send tre Contl fame Ack back bs the Sender Fmine- AMerely-The Yeceiner vseits ontls] Tks nelwork layer. Passes ‘Inthe next data Packet. The delayed ack Rs then atyached to Mis outasing data ~Fraing, S| wireless wommuatertion is a aype date Rramuntayirr = day £ delivered e sion ce a aa i Scanned with CamScanner \irival packeb swt tein There 4s geting, bobo ored by aaato Kon pox Sessinn. | Ian. Resnuice ot enc Serv along <_ony cveflante “yl thy ‘pati: Bl SES ne oyhetoney Eine exgiciay | at. Delay less, x. delay Tore SITE WA Hal pockeh Suftching yt dN aboarm pebinork) mie Gy, Wale. Nol od fabs! i LChcuths —— | 6 1 ae | P| vieyuat fouet aaipeh ing SX tennentton re Bee wonnection odented aha, sewice » Tere Br Moir eagani frat a ott RADENEHTON HE CeGoUrcos Need foc <2 > dy resources GURUKUL, Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner TT aumoeoe I Scanned with CamScanner ‘ i \ Pago No, Dato: 71 | Cuntolle camolied es §6.00) effects A Neduck \e)_vésk, OF Ponating a aivuctuies a4 Disnce Veclo Rovb’ ing. TRe dislante Necker TOUuving, 4s somelies caned oy Ihe ohhES Tomes, mask Commonly He dictboled DBAUNEN- Ford Touking laoviihin. \SThe Pord - Fulkerson | BQO ages Lhe Vegeaychers was developed fh CQdrrnen 1981, GF ford and Furkersen 1969) Th woos Whe aticinal ARPANET Touring, aig orth ¢é & USEd Ia He_Wietened ondes whe Howe CIP. Destance Vector Roubing 38 0 ‘dAmanKe youling' qmotacel: Ever aovles In the Nehoak Crediles dyourNG lve Wreck helps Hem 19 stelermining Bre Spots pal dnyrovgh Ye nehwovk, J | f oy Advontages ‘of Distance vector Roubin JT otstance Vector Youbing pyobocal fs eo] bo Araplement La Stall nehooiks, I[Dewugaing 15 New eosy in te dishante vector’ WAG hooey | s alee} has Very limibed yedundoney In q 0 SHaI\! KETO, Dsodveantoge Of Gishince vechor Rovking ‘[oves nor _\ gente wail Changes jn network popology are Nob te flecheo) quruel i qoickly since ov lahSS Q1e spread: “ede -by = q pa Rs node, J Scanned with CamScanner Dates 7 7 : 7 gf counting be ingintby — ay [Ling Stele AQ Roubing, [— > [Link stole routing each outer Shaves Fb _ know = of The Nefahboy hed votth an outers Fn the Ines — nelwor, as The Ponowing ave prue of Link Stabe routing § ra 7. | Knowiedge aisbulk dhe Delghaai hood. 1 tu] 78 a Twrey t ‘Wi Inpormation Shaving When phere ys 9 Change — 4 tr | pi lla Scanned with CamScanner 4 Page No. Date: unit =3 i a _ The Network, aye Yn the Irernet | { 1 41_EP_pretoco\ Ten y ) i Tp_prtocol f The Injemeh peotecel % a pmoco! i or Sek OF “TWies, Sor Touting and addvessing pookers of [dora so thot Wey con SWavel acvoss hehworks OHA AVE oF the Contech dectinaldony Hara Hoversing Phe Inremmer %5 divided eno Grahet Pieces Calied™ Pockets.) \ | 9.2 |[Tp Addresses | > [Network thos on Ip address and assigned by _neboork, | HAR IsMalor, Undevdhand _loinary airs. 2] 8-bit Bray Fo decimal Conversons. 3 fused %n Source Und desMinabion Addvess yield oF Tp datagvam. 9 || S2- bib bingy aoldiess 3 | pNided Fnto” 4 Segments Cocbels) each of g bils. ~~ U 2l[Repiesented %ny Ye dotted decimal notobion. } > [mioimom vas 00.0. ANE WoRtMOM VaIUeI5. 065, 955.95 2 || specfat Ip address. ‘GURUKUL Scanned with CamScanner | =r unrent host ‘ 5G pvoadcos! ONG eve_te Brendes Shale) ery two Parks. ee Es COMNTAN S | nacner— Scie wien! networks ND Tanecipies rhe Singita a oe : ID = es ness Or Hak Dehvoory 9.3 TSubnets . = = - 3) Subnet Ys the modification oF ¢ Single TP ie) “ho Create Wo OF MNE \oaica ly NISISIE Sd. Tey _Chonaing She subnel mask of nehuk Teo prdICe dy EVE HUMbEE Of Smalley Netog} SAU the host Ina nebwotk mosh hove bhe Same L Newooly Nombes | 7 Sf This peo porta, ofsp cen be podem fo Me | jarourthy "oylenizabion aS » nelworg Tncvense. | {i ais % i oe Setutfon §sto_atoto a nekoork fo be Split [ists = Sones netwoeik for Inierna) vse & a SU Syaie > nal Hehwork “ro outside. | I { % vee soubners 3s necessary & > Svbonets 4s nequtved Whey ade ne! TO Wot [Aseds 49 be Bist wored ONE Sow 7 a I LAN Gea neg ae « A Company SES doo oN ‘GURUEUL Ss More ypesoh LF Scanned with CamScanner technology CEsx_eocample , Ethernet Token sing) ONY OQ. Hye Nerwet~ Hosts LOWch dominate most of the LAN band wrdbh Deed bo We Sobnek reduce HetWork Wappic Scanned with CamScanner el ASSTINMENT | Sub, DCCN { T . ANA Whot 7s meant ‘a Mara Communication and Bpain - [ats _chonacterssites.~ D> [Dora communication are phe -exchange of ata Tbehween bwo devices VIq Some Ferm 64, brongm— [8sston Medi Such as LNG Coble: TRE Comm- [omicating devices musk be Patt of g Communic- fatto CW system Made Op of _Q_Comenmalfon lor Hardusave & whrware. : sara FEL aTRe Chava tent biveommenics ties! ame O9 Lfeliovsy ce wy Desverye “The system = delivet | daha bo the Coneck deshination. pao Must be [necetved by bhe Intended device, oy Udev Eony [ey Boot Ace “OY_vder. i | | Ci) Accuracy + The System most deliver the deta Accuratety, Data Wah haverseeh alhtned IA MAN STASSON and leEr ONCcoVecled ATS OM, usoble. r Scanned with CamScanner Navneet _) Timeliness ¢ The system see detiger dota I a imei, enannes. Soha delivered Lore ave vuseiesk. Gy) Sitter? Wotey refers to the Vaviation I We Packet arYNal Kime, Tk 7g the uneven delay iN Pye delNevy of audio a7 Video pockets. ~ Ny SF ok asta ave te meted SEES] IND. | What ate bhe components of DPaba orm nica hon ? _ > |FTre- components of Daba Commonvcation One 8 Now & : NG) Message , ~ > |The message Ys the” Angormatfon bo be Commontcated . papvley corms of Fre wmnobion Finciude text, morawers, "pRchures, _‘Gud?a 1B veto, i j he SONder- >the Sender Is the’ device Hhok Sens bhe data _ message. Th car be _compotes Wok Shavion, heres NneNe Nandset, Video~co meng ard do OT), ; Scanned with CamScanner oe Navneet (GEO 4 Git) Receiver athe Receive Fume device bhat yeceives the Message. Th Can be’ a. Compurer, Woikshabfon, | Yelephelne hendset , elevistor) and So 84, RY) Proms issFon mediom > | The Wansmtssion med®om Fs the physical Pabh ba | WOH a mesigge Move! pot by usseh From ~\ gender bo VeceWer. Some ‘escampie _ Of Monsmission Meda _Ineivde buwished- paty, uaive, COaxPol cable Nfibex- Ope cable, and yod%o Woves, | (v)_pavtoco! 13 [RB pootocal $8 4 Sebo FUles Hak govern dato Commonicahjon: Tk repiescnbs An agree men} wENWeeE HAE COMMMUENTcating devices. 7 ‘i N ‘ : > | ; [wher % Nehwoik 2 Byploin chrorocteristics Of newutk? LA Network % aSer of device Connected Toy Tynedia WARS: A Node Con be a Compures, punter Tet omy device Coporsle oF SensiQA ond Tetsiving 4 [dora generated by oles odes SH Woe nebwows. a oh Scanned with CamScanner

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