Pre-Colonial & Post-

Colonial Architecture in
America
History
 characterized by renewed national self-
confidence and a feeling that the United
States was the heir to Greek
democracy, Roman law,
and Renaissance humanism. The
American preoccupation with national
identity (or New Nationalism) in this
period was expressed
by modernism and technology as well as
academic classicism.
History
 It expressed its self-confidence in new
technologies, such as the wire cables of
the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. It found
its cultural outlets in both Prairie
School houses and in Beaux-Arts
architecture and sculpture, in the "City
Beautiful" movement, and "also the
creation of the American
empire." Americans felt that their civilization
was uniquely the modern heir, and that it
had come of age.
American Colonial Architecture

French Colonial
Spanish Colonial
Dutch Colonial
German Colonial
Mid-Atlantic Colonial
Colonial Georgian
American Colonial Architecture
French Colonial
 French Colonial developed in
the settlements of the Illinois
Country and French
Louisiana. It is believed to
have been primarily
influenced by the building
styles of French Canada and
the Caribbean.
French Colonial
 It had its beginnings in 1699 with the
establishment of French Louisiana but
continued to be built
after Spain assumed control of the
colonial territory in 1763. Styles of
building that evolved during the French
colonial period include the Creole
cottage, Creole townhouse, and French
Creole plantation house.
French Colonial
 Most buildings constructed during
the French colonial period utilized
a heavy timber frame of logs
installed vertically on a sill
(poteaux-sur-solle) or into the
earth (poteaux-en-terre).
French Colonial
 An infill of lime mortar or clay mixed
with small stones (pierrotage) or a
mixture of mud, moss and animal hair
(bousillage) was used to pack between
the logs. Many times this infill would
later be replaced with brick.
French Colonial
 French Colonial dwelling
included a
raised basement which would
support the floor of the home's
primary living quarters.
French Colonial
 Exterior stairs were another
common element; the stairs
would often climb up to a
distinctive, full-length porch,
on a home's front facade.
French Colonial
 The porch roof was normally part of the
overall roof. French Colonial roofs were
either steep hipped roofs with
a dormer or dormers or a side-gabled
roof.
French Colonial
 Porches were often accessed
via French doors. French Colonial
homes in the American South commonly
had stuccoes exterior walls.
American Colonial Architecture
Spanish Colonial
 The Spanish Colonial style of
architecture dominated in the early
Spanish colonies of North and South
America, and were also somewhat
visible in its other colonies. It is
sometimes marked by the contrast
between the simple, solid construction
demanded by the new environment and
the Baroque ornamentation exported
from Spain.
Spanish Colonial
 Mexico, as the center of New Spain -
and the richest province of Spain's
colonial empire - has some of the most
renowned buildings built in this style.
With twenty-nine sites, Mexico has more
sites on the UNESCO World
Heritage list than any other country in
the Americas, many of them boasting
some of the richest Spanish Colonial
architecture.
Spanish Colonial
 Some of the most famous cities in
Mexico built in the Colonial style
are Puebla,
Zacatecas, Querétaro, Guanajuato,
and Morelia.
Spanish Colonial
Churrigueresque.
During the late 17th century to 1750, one of
Mexico's most popular architectural styles
refers to a Spanish Baroque style of
elaborate sculptural architectural
ornament which emerged as a manner
of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th
century and was used up to about 1750,
marked by extreme, expressive and florid
decorative detailing, normally found above the
entrance on the main facade of a building.
Spanish Colonial
 Named after the architect and
sculptor, José Benito de
Churriguera (1665–1725), who was born
in Madrid of a Catalan family (originally
named Xoriguera), and who worked
primarily in Madrid and Salamanca, the
origins of the style are said to go back to
an architect and sculptor named Alonso
Cano, who designed the facade of the
cathedral at Granada, in 1667.
Spanish Colonial
 Churrigueresque style appeals to the
proliferative geometry, and has a more
likely ancestry in the Moorish
architecture or Mud jar architecture that
still remained through south and central
Spain. The interior stucco roofs of,
flourish with detail and ornamentation.
Spanish Colonial
 Between 1680 and 1720, the
Churriguera popularized Guárico
Guarani's blend of Solomon
columns and composite order, known as
"supreme order".
 Between 1720 and 1760, the
Churrigueresque column, or extirpate, in
the shape of an inverted cone or obelisk,
was established as a central element of
ornamental decoration.
Spanish Colonial
 Theyears from 1760 to 1780
saw a gradual shift of interest
away from twisted movement
and excessive ornamentation
towards Neoclassical balance
and sobriety.
American Colonial Architecture
Dutch Colonial
- isa style of domestic
architecture, primarily
characterized
by gambrel roofs having
curved eaves along the length
of the house.
Dutch Colonial
- referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival,"
a subtype of the Colonial Revival style.

- The modern use of the term is to

indicate a broad gambrel roof with
flaring eaves that extend over the long
sides, resembling a barn in construction.
Dutch Colonial
-The early houses built by
settlers were often a single
room, with additions added to
either end (or short side) and
very often a porch along both
long sides.
Dutch Colonial
- walls
were made of stone
and a chimney was located on
one or both ends.
Dutch Colonial
- Common were double-hung sash
windows with outward swinging wood
shutters and a central double Dutch
door.
American Colonial Architecture
German Colonial
 Developed after about 1675,
when the Delaware River
Valley area (Pennsylvania, New
Jersey and Delaware) was settled
by immigrants from Sweden,
Finland, Scotland, Ireland,
Germany and several other
northern European nations
German Colonial
 The early colonists to this
region adapted the "half-
timber" style of construction
then popular in Europe, which
used a frame of braced
timbers filled-in with masonry.
German Colonial
 The "bank house" was a popular
form of home during this period,
typically constructed into a
hillside for protection during the
cold winters and hot summers of
the region.
German Colonial
 The two-story "country
townhouse" was also common
around Pennsylvania during
this time.
American Colonial Architecture
Mid-Atlantic Colonial
 The region surrounding the
Chesapeake Bay on America's
east coast was settled primarily
by immigrants from the British
isles
Mid-Atlantic Colonial
 The standard vernacular house built by
the colonists in this region between the
first settlement in 1607 and the end of
British rule in 1776 followed the I-plan
format, had either interior or exterior
gable chimneys, and was either wooden
or brick. Most were only one room deep.
 Academic architecture was evident, but
it was relatively scarce.
American Colonial Architecture
Georgian Colonial
 Georgian architecture is the name given
in most English-speaking countries to the
set of architectural styles current between
1720 and 1820.
 It is eponymous for the first four British
monarchs of the House of Hanover—
George I of Great Britain, George II of
Great Britain, George III of the United
Kingdom, and George IV of the United
Kingdom—who reigned in continuous
succession from August 1714 to June
1830.
Georgian Colonial
 he style was revived in the late 19th
century in the United States as Colonial
Revival architecture, and in the early 20th
century in the Great Britain; referred to
as Neo-Georgian architecture
 The styles that resulted fall within several
categories. In the mainstream of Georgian
style were both Palladian architecture—
and its whimsical
alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which
were the English-speaking world's
equivalent of European Rococo.
Georgian Colonial
 A Georgian colonial house usually has a
formally-defined living room, dining
room and sometimes a family room.
The bedrooms are typically on the
second floor. They also have one or two
chimneys that can be very large.
Georgian Colonial
Characteristics
 A simple 1–2 story box, 2 rooms deep,
using strict symmetry arrangements

 Panel front door centered, topped with

rectangular windows (in door or as
a transom) and capped with an
elaborate crown/entablature supported
by decorative pilasters
Georgian Colonial
Characteristics
 Cornice embellished with decorative
moldings, usually dentil work

 Multi-pane windows are never paired,

and fenestrations are arranged
symmetrically (whether vertical or
horizontal), usually 5 across
Georgian Colonial
Characteristics
 Roof: 40% are Side-gabled;
25% Gambrel; 25% Hipped

 Chimneys on both sides of the home

 A portico in the middle of the roof with a

window in the middle is more common
with post-Georgian
Georgian Colonial
Characteristics
 Small 6-paned sash
windows and/or dormer windows in the
upper floors, primarily used for servant's
quarters. This was also a way of
reducing window tax.

 Larger windows with 9 or 12 panes on

the main floors
American Colonial Architecture
Old Ursuline Convent,
New Orleans

Location: New Orleans, Louisiana

Built 1745
Architect Broutin,Ignace
De Batz,Andre
Architectural
style Colonial, Other
 Destrehan Plantation
Location Destrehan, Louisiana

Built 1787–1790

Architect
Paquet,Charles

Architectural
style
Colonial, Greek Revival
Bequette-Ribault House
Location
123 S. Main St.,
Ste. Genevieve,
Missouri

Built 1792

Architectural style
French Colonial
National Palace (Mexico)

Location: Mexico City, Mexico

Measurement: 200 meters long

It is home to some of the

offices of both the Federal Treasury and
the National Archives.
 Casa de los Azulejos
House of Tiles" is
an 18th-century palace
in Mexico City, built by the
Count del Valle de Orizaba
family. What makes this
palace, in the City of
Palaces, distinctive is that
its facade on three sides is
completely covered in the
expensive blue and white
tile of Puebla state
Basilica Manor y Convent
de Neustria Sonora de la
Merced
(Basilica and Convent of Our
Lady of Mercy, in English)
-is a religious building
in Peru which was built by Fray
Miguel de Orenes in 1535, taken
by the holder to the Archangel
Michael.
-In the Basilica is
dedicated to the patron of
the Armed Forces of Peru.
 Thaddeus Kosciuszko
National Memorial
Location 301 Pine St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Area 0.02 acres (0.0081 ha)
Built 1775
Architect Joseph Few
Visitation 4,107 (2005)
Governing body
National Park Service
Added to NRHP
December 18, 1970
 Westover Plantation
Location 7 mi. W of Charles City
on VA 5, Charles
City County,
Virginia, United States
of America
Area 1,025 acres (4.15 km2)
Built c. 1750
Architect unknown
Architectural style
Georgian
Governing body
Private