Delving into the Bucket Sort using a different sorting algorithm or by recursively applying

the bucket sorting algorithm. It is a distribution sort, a

Algorithm: Exploring Its Time generalization of pigeonhole sort and is a cousin of radix sort
Complexity, Performance Evaluation in the most to least significant digit flavor.
and Real-World Applications
James Arnthony C. Bulotano , Trexy Jane M.
1

Nodalo , Jodelyn E. Paring , Mark Van Buladaco

2 3 4 Bucket sort can be implemented with comparisons
Student, Bachelor of Science in Information Systems,
123 and therefore can also be considered a comparison sort
Davao del Norte State College algorithm. The computational complexity depends on the
Faculty, Davao del Norte State College
56 algorithm used to sort each bucket, the number of buckets to
jamesarnthony.bulotano@dnsc.edu.ph,
1 use, and whether the input is uniformly distributed.
nodalo.trexyjane@dnsc.edu.ph,
2

paring.jodelyn@dnsc.edu.ph,
3

ppaja@dnsc.edu.ph
4

TIME COMPLEXITY

The computational complexity of bucket sort

ABSTRACT
Bucket sort, a non-comparison-based sorting
algorithm, efficiently organizes data by dividing it into fixed-
size buckets. This algorithm excels when dealing with
uniformly distributed data, achieving an average and best-
case time complexity of O(n). Its non-comparison-based
approach makes it less susceptible to outliers compared to
comparison-based sorting algorithms, particularly beneficial
in scenarios where outliers can significantly impact the
sorting performance. Bucket sort's suitability for large
datasets and its versatility across various domains, including
data analysis, statistical computing, and graphics processing,
make it a valuable tool for a wide range of applications. The
bucket sort is an advance sorting strategy in contrast to
others. Bucket sort can be considered as collective
framework built using a variety of sorting algorithms.
depends on several factors, including the choice of internal
sorting algorithm used within each bucket, the number of
buckets to use, and whether the input is uniformly
distributed. In the best case, when the data is uniformly
distributed, the time complexity of bucket sort is O(n). This
is because each bucket will have approximately the same
number of elements, and the sorting algorithm for each
bucket will only need to take linear time. The average case,
when the data is not uniformly distributed but does not have
too many outliers, the time complexity of bucket sort is still
O(n). This is because the probability that an element will fall
into a bucket with significantly more elements than the
others is small. While the worst case, when all of the
elements fall into the same bucket, the time complexity of
bucket sort is O(n^2). This is because the sorting algorithm
for that bucket will take quadratic time.

ALGORITHM SIMULATION
Key words: Distribution, non-comparison, Average and best
case complexity, Versatility

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An algorithm for sorting without comparison is

called bucket sort., efficiently arranges the data by dividing it
into fixed size buckets. This algorithm excels when dealing
with uniformly distributed data, achieving an average and
best-case time complexity of O(n). Its non-comparison-based
approach makes it less susceptible to outliers compared to
comparison-based sorting algorithms, making it a valuable
tool for data analysis, statistical computing, and graphics
processing. Figure 1. Bucket’s Algorithm

Bucket sort or bin sort, is a sorting algorithm that

works by disturbing the elements of an array into a number The process of bucket sort can be understand as a
of buckets. Each buckets is then sorted individually, either scatter-gather approach. The elements are first scattered into
buckets then the elements of buckets are sorted. Moreover,
the elements are gathered in order. To help you to better
understand bucket sort's operation, let's consider a practical
example: ALGORITHM ASSESSMENT
Scenario: Sorting a list of exam scores Bucket sort is a versatile sorting algorithm that can
Input: [85, 72, 93,68, 91] be used to sort a variety of data types. It is also relatively
Number of buckets (k): 5 efficient, with an average case time complexity of O(n).
However, it does have some limitations.
 Step 1: Create Buckets
create five empty buckets to facilitate the
sorting process to organize the exam scores.
Buckets: [[], [], [], [], []]

 Step 2: Distribute Elements into Buckets DISCUSSION

In the process, iterate through each exam score,
calculate the bucket index by dividing the score
by the specified factor (k), and then place the
score into the corresponding bucket. The
distribution reveals that scores are assigned to [1]
buckets as follows:
Bucket 1: [68, 72]
Bucket 2: [91]
Bucket 3: [] [2]
Bucket 4: []
Bucket 5: [85, 93]
 Step 3: Sort Elements Within Each Bucket In
this step, elements within each bucket are [3]
sorted by applying a sorting algorithm, such as
insertion sort, to arrange the scores.
Bucket 1: [68, 72] (sorted)
Bucket 2: [91] (sorted)
Bucket 3: [] (no sorting needed)
Bucket 4: [] (no sorting needed)
Bucket 5: [85, 93] (sorted).
REFERENCES
G. Qing, Z. Zheng, and X. Yue, “Path-planning of automated
guided vehicle based on improvedDijkstra algorithm,”
Proceedings of the 29th Chinese Control and Decision
Conference, CCDC 2017, pp. 7138–7143, Jul. 2017, doi:
10.1109/CCDC.
A. Bozyiǧit, G. Alankuş, and E. Nasiboǧlu, “Public transport
route planning: Modified dijkstra’s algorithm,” 2nd
International Conference on Computer Science and
Engineering, UBMK 2017, pp. 502–505, Oct. 2017, doi:
10.1109/UBMK.2017.8093444.
M. Noto and H. Sato, “Method for the shortest path search
by extended Dijkstra algorithm,” Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol. 3, pp. 2316–2320, 2000, doi:
10.1109/ICSMC.2000.886462.

 Step 4: Concatenate Sorted Buckets

This step ensures that the overall list is
organized and combining the sorted scores
obtained from each individual bucket to create
the ultimate sorted list. The final sorted list is
generated by concatenating the sorted scores
from each bucket: [68, 72, 85, 91, 93]
 adjustments are critical for success,
enabling managers to take quick
action in the event that deviations
from the plan happen.

Feedback control is the most popular

and commonly used type of control. It
Feedforward control is a proactive
occurs after the completion of work
approach to management,
activities and involves assessing the
emphasizing anticipation and
outcomes against established
prevention of potential issues before
standards or goals. Managers use
they arise. In this type of control,
feedback from completed tasks to
managers implement measures and
make adjustments, improvements, and
strategies to ensure that work
informed decisions for future
activities align with organizational
activities. While feedback control is
goals. By identifying potential
essential for continuous improvement,
challenges in advance, organizations
it is reactive in nature, addressing
can enhance efficiency and
issues after they have occurred.
effectiveness, minimizing the need for
corrective actions later in the process.
Feedforward control is often
Financial control is a specialized
considered the most desirable type of
form of control that specifically
control, as it allows organizations to
focuses on managing and regulating
stay ahead of potential problems.
financial resources within an
organization. Every business aims to
generate a profit, and financial control
Concurrent control takes place
plays a pivotal role in achieving this
during the execution of work
objective. Managers use financial
activities. Unlike feedforward control,
controls to monitor budgets, expenses,
which occurs before the activity,
revenue, and other financial metrics.
concurrent control focuses on real-
This type of control ensures that
time monitoring and adjustment.
financial resources are utilized
Managers implement concurrent
efficiently and that the organization
control to ensure that processes are on
remains financially viable.
track and aligned with organizational
objectives. This type of control is
valuable in industries where real-time
Balanced Scorecard is a strategic
management tool designed to assess
organizational performance beyond
the confines of traditional financial
metrics. Acknowledging that financial
indicators alone may not offer a
complete picture of an organization's
health, the Balanced Scorecard
introduces additional perspectives
such as customer satisfaction, internal
processes, and learning and growth.
By incorporating these diverse
viewpoints, it provides a more holistic
evaluation of performance, guiding
organizations towards a balanced and
sustainable approach to success.
Management Information
System(MIS) is a crucial component
of organizational infrastructure,
serving as a system that regularly
provides managers with the
information they need for effective
decision-making. MIS collects,
processes, and presents data from
various organizational activities,
offering insights that aid strategic
planning and operational
management. It plays a pivotal role in
ensuring that decision-makers have
timely and relevant information to
navigate the complexities of the
business environment.
Benchmarking is a strategic
management tool involving the search
for and adoption of best practices
from both competitors and non-
competitors.
benchmark is a standard of
excellence against which
measurements or comparisons are
made. It serves as a reference point,
allowing individuals or organizations
to assess their performance,
processes, or outcomes in relation to a
recognized standard.
Employee theft refers to the unauthorized taking
of company property by employees for personal
use. It poses a serious challenge to organizations,
impacting financial stability and eroding trust
within the workplace. To address this issue,
companies often implement preventive measures,
such as security protocols and employee education
programs, to foster a culture of ethics and
accountability. Minimizing employee theft is
essential for maintaining a healthy workplace
environment and protecting the organization's
assets.
Workplace violence encompasses acts or threats
of violence directed toward individuals at work or
on duty, ranging from verbal abuse to physical
assaults. This issue poses significant risks to the
well-being of employees and the overall workplace
environment. Prevention strategies often involve
creating a culture of respect, implementing
security measures, and providing training to
recognize and address potential signs of violence.
The Service Profit Chain is a concept that
highlights the interconnected relationship between
employees, customers, and profits. It emphasizes
that satisfied and engaged employees contribute to
better customer experiences, which, in turn, lead to
increased profitability. By prioritizing employee
satisfaction and well-being, organizations can
enhance customer interactions, creating a positive
feedback loop that benefits both employees and the
bottom line.

Corporate governance refers to the system used

to govern corporations, ensuring that the interests
of corporate owners (shareholders) are protected. It
involves establishing structures, processes, and
policies to guide decision-making, transparency,
and accountability at all levels of the organization.