~ und dehyde or ketone, 0 condensation NAME REACTIONS td ‘Two molecules of an a dol whiel loses water “Presence of a hase to yie 0 u mony Hy CH FH EHCHO ay ony ining no aromatic aldehyd 2. Benzoin condensation’: ( in presence of KCN, to form benzoin ono ts it Oty == OT H (aenzind th Bry in CCl, yields alkyl bromide, acids on treatment wit BERTONE NEON iver sats of . ca, cuycoorg + BR ty cir + CO, + Agi s yield primary alcohols. _ 4 Bouveault-Blane reduction: Fsters on reduction with sodium in alcohol ayyon tie + any EN 2c H,01 cui,cooe, Balz Schiemann reaction: Decomposition of dazonlumuoroborate upon heating at 150°C-160°C yields any fuori. ier far F socacore soxere ho ‘hionde ne Ah which donot have an -hydrogen atom under ! alt of carboxylic acid. 2HCHO + NAOH ——— CON se pra ly HCOONa Methanol Sodkum formate 2¢gHigcHO + Nao —— = Gull Bs SCHON + CcHsCOONa fenayalcohol_ Sodium benzoate jSERSISRIRATREEBS : Wen pinay aves wars ith ctor isocyanide having an extremely unpfeasant smell, and an alcoholic solution of KOH, itor KOH. (ale) GyMGNH, + CHCl, + iy UNSC 2HSN=C Ethyl socyanide + 3KCl + 3H,0appenoices | FE ny Z net 6) os. ae ©) tel > + 3Kcl + 3H,0 9, CRREAEER FEBUCHEAT: vote, ey, Prenyt cyanide . "© reduction of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding hydrocarbons with Spalgamated zine and conc. HC] CHyCHO 2M =) Acetaldehyae > 4 foncna? CACM +. 11,0 CHACOCH, 4 44 _zovtte Acetone Tena? CHCHACH, + 1,0 + The reacti oes presence ice cold solution, ‘nium salts with phenols and aromatic amines to form azo compounds in the (O)-"S=R-{O)~on mankow PRI K OW = nan-{O)-on P-hdronyarobensene oe (O-" SB) ~nn, manne ee (relow dye he formati ni 1. ‘ion of diazonix i a Ur cld solution of nitrous acid (NaNO, HCN) a 7a eo Primary amine in date mineral acid and treatment o ‘Nencr + Hono Meo maak tl ° at | tone. 1504 Hl R—C—OH + Hor) =P, R—C—OR + 10 9 0 II Cone. H,S0, I 4 CH;—C—OH + HOCH; === cH,—c_—ocW, + 1,0 { ihylaceate 1,fardS reaction’: The oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with chromyl chloride dissolved in CCl, or CSp. PCHOH)Cly CH, CH CHO 2 Noctoniel, © 104 ws Toluene nelcomeles Benzaldehyde : Benzene and other aromatic compounds react with alkyl halides in the presence of y % £ us AICI; to form alkyl benzene. ae Anhyd. AlCl, ad CHC] | creas = Methyl chloride aeEq) VATSAL ISc jsanon00K of CHEMISTRY Class Be retorted The alkylation of benzene can alo be earsed out with propene i he presence of P PO, cH(cH)s ©) evermo the cumene rr react with ack chHOrideS OF aMhy rig, 15, Friedel-Crafts acylation : Benzene and other aromatic compen pres : fence of anhydrous AICI; to form ketones. ao sain NOs + HCl ©: wee, 2 O Benzene oe Acetophenone cOCHs 4+ CHCOOH Aan Ally + (CH;CO),0 ———> Acetic anhyride oor 16. (FRRROISRSIMNESEUOND It is a hali rodoalkanes are best prepared by this method from, ‘exchange method and i ethanol. corresponding chloro or bromoalkanes by heatin 1g with sodium iodide in acetone oF ™ cetone oF methanol CH3CH,—Br + Nal a HCH! + NaBr than Nal in acetone gets deposited. This reactcn, Sodium bromide (or NaCl in case of chloroalkanes) being ess soluble .d by direct addition of HI to alkenes. very useful for preparing such alkyl iodides which cannot be prepare 17. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis : 0. CO. CO. — me Nu Gist, - ie ma, (QL ne Sa cat ! com com | [ont Prthalamide \ COOH + GHGNH) ‘COOH Phohaieacid ——_Ethanamine i ‘ ay 18. Gattermann reaction : It involves the reaction of benzenediazonium chloride with Cu/HCl or Cu/HBr to prepzt haloarene. de * cymes fer oe +N Chiorobenzene er Bentene dion chloride cu/tior a +N Bromobentene"PDE paveamaesun 0 28 shop 44 pomojay a1er92¢ winypos Jo souesaid oy uy oplspAyue spade yal uneOY Ho apAyoPIEAUOG + UORDED 5.UNyag aurwe King . : ZHN7HO"HD <—————_ Hb +_-NOHO iomntD/eN “TowoDqe pue wnypos parewesjewe £q aujuue Arewd 0 paonpa s} aprued> Cae 40 [AATE LL £ UORDEAS SmipUaY pp (oe aAones) 0097 Sg HO Fe HoH aemorsunpes ayevoqies spoays wneeo yuowadveneoy ror 5+ 92+ eNno02 HO "No090 eNO 11 49148 uoneoyTPHe todn y>ryM are Kes id wnypos + uonaead ypHUYDS-2qIoy “EZ ee “poe ayoqes saad tunjpos uui0j 01 1 OF 2 aunssaid HE Z-9 spun ZO WHIM s1>vAd ap/xoU wedoud auesog yidouday a HO?HO*HO"HOE anu) “yoyoaqe 01 siséqoapay £q pamoyjoy auet0g jo woRIppE ay Kg + MoH}aead WOHeIOGOIPAH "Zz oud {yo =HoHD pe ayy saajoauy wonsea4 s ayn s sjoyjumorsey{-NUe 0} BuIp4099" auay[e 0} Jae JO suyuezuog OHZ + sanz + foo + THNSHYO © spjuuezu9g, Hoxy + 4% + 7HNOD*H?D aujwe ont otHz + sayz + foo + THNTHO <> “uopseas uonepeatiap se uMoUr 05} ‘werp 559] uogse auo Sujujeuos saujwe Aseuisid 0} parioauod aq E> sopKUE ayy, + ONIEAI apjUNeWog UUELIYOH TZ poe anaessonpuL Hoo9219 4-0 anit oy snsoydsoud pas yo azuasasd 9 wy 23g 40 219 ayes yeas UaospAy-n BujujerUod sppoe 3y[Axoqse9 Ipeydyle ay, | UORDEDd (ZAH) AYSUNI9Z PAeYION IPH “OZ e )0901 O'S + INS + ENOOIN + THI « Horny + (dd moy24) ote + Ine + eNOOITHD + 4 uowoy Horny + 4e + SHg09tHo « v “uoneas WOJopo] Se UAOUY S| S]ILL “ORRNIOS Z| PUL [JOLN Ya!A UoR|IWas Uo WLIO} au I yo neydpaid moah anys dnost —y—"y) 40 —y— duos ay, + uopavas wuojojeH “6E I u HO 0 WE) s3010nad0vof CHEMISTRY Class XIT En VATSAL Isc janono0x of CHEM! CNH = CHCO oO +H] CHCO. ‘00 7 cacn[o + Hy] D0 cnyco Hyco Mofo tse HCOOH + CeH,CH=CHCOON Cinna ach aldehydes in the presence o 26. Rosenmund's reaction : Acid chlorides are converted to corresponding, aldehy' Presence tay deposited over BaS0, partially poisoned with sulphur or quinoline, 0 0 i ,, _henaso at! wreha SKepanwede * “Baier” “Ae i i I Pa, BaS04 : GHs—C—Cl + Hy —————> GpHs—C—H + HCI Benzoyl chloride. s Benzaldehyde 27. Reimer-Tiemann reaction : Phenols react with CHCl; in the presence of aqueous alkali at 340 K followed by hydro Bives salicylaldehyde. When CCl, is taken instead of CHCl, salicylic acid is formed. on on cHo + CHC + 3NaoH 32K, + 3NaCl + 2H,0 Salicyaldehyde oH on coon + CC, + 4Noon MOK, + 4Nacl + 24,0 Sali acid 28. Sandmeyer's reactio {enzene diazonium chloride s converted to chlorobenzene on treatment with CuCl Ncr a cuca : ne, + Nyt Benzene iarenim ordbentene chloride emer 26. Swarts reaction : This reaction is used to prepare alkyl fluorides from the. corresponding alkyl halides. 2GHSCl + Hea —> 2CpHig Fos Hg,cl, y Gis! + MF Os He 4 Agl 4 ‘SHEPRERTERGN PA! or aryl eyanides on reduction with Sach HCI fol i 7 ee ee er 22S Tollowed by steam distillation give aldehyt Sach te eat + IH), RN a cn et ca,cuo ethane nitrile Acetaldimine. NH Acetldehyde ach ttt CoHGCN + 2pm SMH ees HH “6HsCH= NH : ra Hemtdmae i>appenoices | KEE mpounds having active hydrogen tike ition. For example, gehotten HaumaNN Feaction «The jal aniline 61, nthe presence of aq ” on Weatinent of benzoyl chloride with thee us NaOH Is called Schotten-Haumann ri OCOG My, I (O) + cocoa tom, O Ho Bena chloride Phenyl benvoate NH COC, Oia —s oP Benaoy! chloride aniioe Senavrie 2» sn sate he reaction of alkyl halides with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ethers is jolted Williamson synthesis, CHACILE 4 GHjONa = + G1,OG)H, + Nat iyloide Sodium ethoxide Hthoxyethane ONa oc, + CHyl > + Nal Meth iodide sodium Aniole enone u. M1: The reduction is done by heating the carbonyl compound with a mixture of hydrazine and Kolin the presence of ethylene glycol Nn OU, eycot cHycH=0 P+ cHycH=NNH, eye, CHACHy + Np Acetaehyde “2 Wydrazone — S53-473K Ethane HC nye NH KOH, gycot p oy yee NH, REYES CHyCH,CHy + Ny ) ne HOH AC’ Propane Acetone Uydearone 4 arene involves the interaction of two molecules of an alkyl halide (preferably bromide or iodide) with ‘nelallic sodium in the presence of dry ether to form symmetrical alkanes containing double the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl halide. cHy—i icy 2 CH, — cH + 2NaBr Ethane However, iftwo different alkyl halides are used, a mixture of three alkanes are obtained. Forexample: és Hy fie ara cH, —cH, PEM, CHyCHyCHy + 2Nal Propane r rd ry ether Hy iv driasi—cn, = PS cy —cly + 2Nal : Cinane ee ry ether CHyCHy —f14 Bhat HCH) —CHy PE CyHyo + 2Nal 2 Mtg reaction: This reaction isa variation of Wurtz reaction and involves warming mixture ofan aryl halide an alkyl halide with metallic sodium in the presence of dry ether to prepare homologous of benzene. For example: a oreonr (©) iar or] —cHy O>-215 ene eer Toluene Diphenyt and ethane are also obtained as by-products. vy