Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number C > ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level BIOLOGY 9190/2 PAPER2 NOVEMBER 2016 SESSION 2 hours 30 minutes Addisional materials: ‘Answer paper Electronic ealculator ‘TIME: 2 hours 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on any separate answer paper used. Section A Answer all questions. You are advised to spend one and half hours on this section, Write yout answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B Answer any two questions Your answers to Section B must be in continuous prose, where appropriate, Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided, At the end of the examination, 1 fasten all separate answer paper used securely to the question paper, 2 enter the number of the Section B FOR EXAMINER'S USE. questions you answered in the All working for numerical answers must be Section A. shown, INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Section B ‘The intended number of marks is given in brackets [ ] atthe end of cach question or part question, The quality of your language will be taken into account in the marking of your answers TOTAL to Section B. This question paper consists of 16 printed pages. Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, N2016. ezmsec wa0ie (Turn over eeSECTION A [68 marks] Answer all questions Fig, 1.1 shows a model of the cell membrane. protein phosphate head }- — phosphatipia inside of cell cholesterol Fig. 1.1 (a) (i)_~—_ Outline how the membrane structure helps to control movement of water soluble substances across it. QR) (ii) Suggest a reason why the glycocalyx is only found on the outside of the cell surface membrane. 0 i997 2016 Forduly o® @ Gi) 3 Explain why glucose molecules cannot pass across the cell membrane by simple diffusion, Ry) In animal cells, folds in the cel] membrane may form microvilli, Explain the importance of microvilli in cell membranes. — Suggest a reason why microvilli are only found in animal cells but not plant cells. (2) [Total: 9] 1900 2016 [Turn over@ (b) 4 List any three properties of fibrous proteins. iB 3 Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of a haemoglobin molecule. @ Name. Gil) State the level of organisation for haemoglobin shown in Fig. 2.1. 91902 NDO16 BI a Oy a3 (iii) 5 The B chain of haemoglobin has a tertiary structure that consists of eight helices arranged to give a precise 3-dimensional shape. Describe how the precise 3-dimensional shape of the B polypeptide chain is maintained, Bl [Total: 8] Catalase is an enzyme that catalyses decomposition of the toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. ‘The graph in Fig. 3.1 shows the effect of pH on catalase activity. 130% g t—P = 1604 a ‘2 HH 7 e Qr acid added 3 M40 i 4 12044 5 100 a 0 40 80 120 160 time /seconds Figure 3.1 (@) — @___Deseribe the shape of graph P over the time. sea vans (Turn over Use(b) 6 (i) Explain the shape of graph P after 40 seconds. (iii) Describe the effect of the acid on the activity of catalase enzyme. Ql Sugeest the mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide may be held in the active site of catalase while the reaction occurs. GB) [Total: 8] 1902 Na0164 7 Fig, 4.1 shows a (RNA molecule with part ofits structure showing complementary base pairs. Fig. 4.1 (a) (Identify the bases 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Fig. 4.1. (ii) Name the part Y. (iii) State the role of X and Y in protein synthesis. x, 91902 N2016 2] [Turn over For(b) A sample of DNA contains 28% of adenine. Calculate the amount of cytosine in this DNA sample. (©) Name a compound containing adenine which is (@ —_ anenergy source in the cell, (ii) a hydrogen acceptor. 19072 NooI6 2 a. BD O) [Total: 8](@) b) © s Fig. 8:1 shows the flow of energy in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. light energy | [photosynthesis sugar and oxygen cellular respiration Fig. S.1 Name the products 1 and 2. 1 5) State the site where the electron transport chain occurs in a prokaryotic cell 0) Yeast cells carry out both fermentation and cellular respiration, depending on the availability of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, there is a significant increase in the rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis in yeast cells. (@ Explain why yeast cells grow rapidly in aerobie conditions. ees, Bl sion nanie (Turn over10 (ii) Suggest why the rate of glycolysis increases significantly when yeast cells change from aerobic to anaerobic respiration, PB) (d) The respiratory quotient (RQ) is a measure of the ratio of carbon dioxide given out fo the oxygen consumed by an organism. State the information that may be gained from different RQ values. ————_S—=é=YS' [Total: 9] Fig. 6.1 shows a vertical section through a human heart. The arrows represent the direction of movement of electrical activity which initiates muscle contraction. \ lL contraction of ventricles starts here Fig. 6.1 (2) @_ Identify structure A. a) sigan w2016i (i) Explain why 1. there is a slight delay of 0.15 seconds in the passage of electrical activity that takes place at point B, 11 2. the contraction of the ventricles starts at the base. — er m (b) State any two advantages of a double circulation in the heart. 1 2. 2) i902 N2016 [Turn over2 @ ‘Table 6.1 shows redistribution of blood flow in response to vigorous: exercise in the body. Table 6.1 - rate of blood flow structure at rest/em’ min” | vigorous exercise / cm” - aie __| min’! heart 190 740 liver 1340 390 adrenal glands 24 24 690 740 - = 100 _ 200 1050 590 skeletal muscles 740 12 450 skin 310 1850 ‘other parts: 12356 1716 total rate of blood flow 5700 18900 | (i) Caloulate the percentage of blood flowing through the brain at res 2) (ii) Explain the rise in the volume of blood to the skeletal muscles during exercise. 91902 N2016 2) (Total: 9] Use13 Hwange National Park is a well known habitat for a variety of flora and fauna including the African elephant Loxodonta africana. The elephant is a ruminant and not very selective in terms of feeding as it feeds on any plant material. (a) State the trophic level occupied by Laxodonta africana. ol (&) —_ Ruminants contain bacteria in their stomachs. ‘Suggest one advantage of elephants having bacteria in their stomachs. (©) Explain the economic benefits of maintaining biodiversity in national parks. eee el (2) @_—_ Suggest how human activities have caused Loxodonta africana to become an endangered species. ee eeeesS=~—S (ii) One way of protecting the African elephant is to create conservation areas. Describe any two other methods of conserving endangered species such as Loxodonta africana. es 2) [Total: 8] {Turn over“4 (2) @_ State one advantage of growing seedlings in a greenhouse. 13] (i) Suggest any two advantages of a timber company having a forest composed of genetically identical trees. te 2. ea) (b) State the need for the following in tissue culture: @ growth regulators | 2) | (i) aseptic technique 2] 19g naon6© 15 Describe the importance of unicellular organisms as models for population growth, ‘902 Na016 2) [Total: 9) (Turn over Use16 Seotion B [32 marks] Answer any two questions on the separate answer sheets provided. Your answers should be illustrated by large, clearly labelled diagrams, where appropriate. tt R @) (b) @ ) (a) () @ () Describe the behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis which results in ‘genetic variation. [3] Explain the significance of mitosis. [8] Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a cholinergic synapse. [8] Explain the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in osmoregulation in mammals. (8) Describe the role of natural selection in evolution. [8] Explain how DNA replicates semi-conservatively during interphase. [8] Outline the features that are used to distinguish between bryophytes and filicinophytes. {3} Explain the extent to which angiospermophytes are adapted to life on land, [8] sisor Nz016