You are on page 1of 7
CbOBINEHHA | KbM BBIIPOCA 3A BbJIFAPCKOTO BOJIAPCTBO H YOPBAJDKHMCTBOTO IIPE3 XV—XVIII B. Muxan.t Pppuyapos TIpes 1878 r. Kouctantun Upeuex u3Ka3pa npeanonoxenvero, ve wop- OaKUHTe ,,pOH3XoAAT M3 MasbIx Gomap*'. [lo-KbcHo Cretbax bo6ues kate- TOPH4HO OTXBLPIA Ta3H BLIMOXKHOCT, KaTO 3aaBaBa: ,,[lorpeuma Mucts! Yop- GaKMHTe MMaT CBOs MIpOH3XOJ B YCOBHATA Ha OGULECTBCHHA 2%KHBOT MO Bpe- Me Ha TypcKOTO BilaqM4ecTBO. Te caMo HanofobsBaT Ha ApeOuuTe GomapH B ctapa Baarapua*. Cnopea KOpaan Tpudouos cnex naganeto Ha Bearapna Tog OcMaHcka BACT ,,GoMAPHTe KATO BOCHHOUMHOBHMYECKa KJlaca ca H34e3- Hamm. Ho nonexe KbM Kpas Ha BropoTo WapeTso M0-BaxKHHTe YMHOBHKLM Cb HOCHJIM Ta3H THTIa H MOHexe Te... cb GMI Haii-GoraTH, — Ha3sBaHHeTo ,,6ox8- pun“ mpe3 bpBHTe BeKOBE Ha poGcTBOTO NoyHasO fla Ce aBa Ha BoeKH GoraT, KaKTO H Ha OHMS, KOMTO B3MMaJsIM yYaCTHE B OOLIMHCKHTe H LbpKOBHUTe pabo- TH — w306m10 mEpBeHunTe*?. B3anazeHuTe JOKYMeHTaJIHK CBMJeTesICTBa OOa4e HaBexKaT Ha 110-2pyru MHCIIM, a HMeHHO, 4e Npes XV B., a B HAKOM coy4an HB XVI B., npH THTysYBa- HeTO Ha OTEsIHH JIMUa KaTO GomapH He Ce Bulara TONKOBa LIMpOK CMHCBI HM TO He caMo Gemter Ha Gorat YoBek HIM H306UI0 IrppBeHeL, a cTaBa AyMa 3a JIMA, KOUTO MO HAKaKbB Ha4MH ca 3ana3MsIM GomspcKMa CH CTaTyc, Makap M Npome- HeH cbo6pa3Ho c ycsoBusTa. tee TIpes 1466 r. cya Moxameg II npecenua B Llapurpag Oxpuacknsa ap- xuenuckon JJopoteii 3ae¢2HO ¢ MHOFO OXPHCKM KUTEIU, Cpey KOTO H Gosia pu. IIpwunnata 3a Toa, nocouera B mucMo Ha apxHenucKon Jloporeit, buna pasmpa .,MexZy G6onapx Hallero rpaga M KIMpoca LbpKoOBHaro“*. TIpes 1476 r. Gomapunrbt Pagocaas Mapep Bp306nopun uppKata Ha J{pa- raylesckua Manactup, a pes 1493 r. coduiicxnar Gonapun Panupoli Bb3cTa- HoBMA WepKBara ,,CB. Teopru“ a Kpemukonexua MaHacTup. 3a H3BbpUeHO- To 6narojesHMe Mo cTapa TpaqMUMA BbB BLIOOHOBCHHTE OT TAX IbPKBH TE 6us1M w30rpadpHcaHH cbc ceMelicTBaTa CH KaTO KTHTOpH. Te3H KTHTOpCKH Top- TPeTH, OCBeH Ye Ce OLEHABAT OT CHeMMAMCTUTe-H3KYCTBOBEAH KaTO ,,TBbPAC 3a6es1e:KHTeHK TBOPOH Ha HallleTO CTapo H3KyCTBO™, B KOHKpeTHHA Cryyali ca BaxKHM C TOBA, 4e C BMA, esIeMeHTHTe HM UBETOBETE Ha OOEKIOTO, B KOeTO ca Enoxu, 1996, No 2 KM Bpnpoca 3a 6bnrapcKoTo GonspcTso... 33 w306pa3eHH AapHTesMTe M GM3KHTe MM, NOKa3BaT THMMYHM MpeycTaBuTeM Ha GparapcKoro Gonsperso. BuM3kH 0 TSX ca HM peaMlla KTHTOPCKH HoprpeTH or XVII s., a B ormenHu cayyan u npes XVIII B.. Baagucnap Tpamarux B pa3ka3a cu 3a mpeacane Mote Ha Ca. Mean Pusickn or Tepxoso 8 Pwickua MaHactup npes 1469 r. cbo6ttaBa 3a ,,HeKoii cv BesiMoxa borgan )Kynan* or Hukonos, KoiitTo u31a3bs 3ae0HO C ,,Apyrh SonspH“ Ja nocpellHaT WecTBHeTO, a BesIMoxaTa BorjaH rv npves B 1oMa cH. 3a BHCOKHs CaH Ha LOMaKMHa OcBeH OGKpbxXcHMETO OT GonspH roBOpH M MpecTaBAHeTO Ha JOMa My KaTO ,,HeOBH MaslaTH“ HM TOBa, 4e COKeHATA ‘rpartesa ,,Gcllle W3ITbAHeHa ¢ BoaKAKBH HM HB06MsHH scTHA. TIpupesenHte cBeJeHHA 3a ONpeseseHo NpucEcTBHe Ha OTZeENHM GomapH B OburapcKoTo obulectBo npe3 XV B. ca OOACHUMH, KaTO Ce Ma MpemBHA, 4e H€3aBMCHMO OT YHHULOxKaBaHeTO Ha ObArapcKaTa apHCTOKpauluA cey Masa- HeTo Ha BbsrapcKoTo UapcTBO Mog OCMaHCka BACT, e4Ha YacT OT Hea MO pa3sIM4HH (POpMH ycrisBa Ja 3ama3M NpHBHserMuTe cu’. Hakon w3popu of XVI B. cbuO HM JaBaT OCHOBaHHe Ja TIpHeMem, 4e NoTOMUM Ha cTapoTo 6pmrapcKo GonapeTBo 3ana3BaT OOulecTBeHOTO CH T0- s1Ox%KeHHe M Mpe3 TO3H MepHog. KonkpeTen MpHMep e M3BECTHHAT HUKOMOsICKH mppsexen Tosop Banuna — opranu3atop Ha TppHopcKoto pictanne oT 1598 r. 3a Hero Hazen J>KopxKHY nue, 4e € ,,MpbB 6s1aropoAHHK B HUKONION- CKMs CaHbkaK" H MMasI TonIMo BIMAHMe Cpe ObsrapuTe ,opamu Garopog- HM CH MIpoM3xoy H cBoeTo AocTolHCcTBO". Beat H Kagusta B Huxoron ce or- HaCAJIM CbILO C TONAMa MOUNT H yBaxkeHHe KbM Hero®. OTKpuToTo Hukononc- ko cbkposuute oT XIV B., cpex MpezMeTHTe Ha KoeTO ¢ emHa cpeOBpHa Ib2KH- ua ¢ Hage ,,BanwHosa ba, € RoKa3aTeNCTBO, ¥e B Hukorion € HMaNO aHaTHa OpnrapeKa cpexHoBeKosHa dammiua BasiMi M CbBCeM ECTeCTBCHO € a ce mpveme, Ye Henn noTomK e Toop Bastuna. Tipes 1553 r. wa mer 3a Lapurpag Hayeno Ha nocnanmyecka Mucus Oxue Byc6ex, kato onucea BievaTnenuata cu 3a Gbarapute no mts or Huu 20 Codus, nuute: ,,... KoraTo loxKesaXx 1a Hay4a 3a HAKOM MOMH, KOHTO 61ixa Cc TI0- 6maropogHa BLHUIHOCT, OT KaKbB POM Ca, 4YX, Ye BOAT MpOu3xosa CH OT Haii- BUCUIMTe SONAPH Ha TO3M Hapoy HM MOH Ye ca OT UapcKH pos, Ho cera ca OMbxKeHH 3a BosOBApH H OBYapH. TomKoBa e 3anagHaso 6naropozHM4ecTBOTO B TypcKoTo apeTBo“ — 3aKm1o4¥apa Byc6ex'’. Ta3u KoHCTaTaltMa MoKa3Ba, 4e B cpenata Ha XVI b. B ObsrapcKHTe 3eMH BCE Ollle Ce CpellaT NOTOMUH Ha cpes- HoBeKoBHata ObsrapcKa apHCTOKpaLIMs,, IpeACTABHTeNMTe Ha KOATO B CBOATA UJOCT Ca M3paBHEHH COMMaJIHO C OCTaHasaTa YacT Ha ObrapcKOTO O6ulecT- BO, HO MMa H u3KsIKOYeHHS. IIpv ToBa ocoGeHO BaxKHO € OGCTOATECTBOTO, 4e 157 roqMun creg 3aBanaBaHeTo Ha Besrapua Te 3HaaT CBOA APHCTOKpaTH4eH Mpou3xoJ1, a cpey ObsrapcKOTO HaceseHHe OCTaBa XUB CNOMeHBT 3a GomapeT- BoTO. 3. Enoxt 2/96 34 Muxanx Pppayapos Tlo3pommx cu Topa u3ioxeHHe 3a chAGata Ha GbarapcKoTo GomapeTso npes XV—XVI b., 3am{0To MpuBeneHUTe aHHM AaBaT BLIMOXKHOCT Aa KOpH- THpaMe HAKOM MpescTaBH 3a COUMANHaTa CTpykTypa M CBCTOAHMETO Ha OBI rapcKoTo O6ujecTBO Mpe3 TO3M NepHon, KaKTO HW 1a OOACHMM MpucBcTBHeTO Ha TuTsaTa ,,6o1sp* cpea Oburapute c ores Ha MOCTaBeHHA BEIpOC. Oco6exo sipko H TpaiiHo MpucbcTBHe HasBaHHeTo ,,Gonap* HaMupa B Obs rapexus (ponksop. Ho Tosa, koeTo npabu BnevaTseHHe, ¢, 4 HAPOAHHAT TBO- Pell MOYTH BUHArH Fo M3NOs3yBa NapasesHO C ,,4opbamKHA", ,,Yopba DKK", H TO B NO3MTHBHaTa (popmysa: ,,bonape, 6a yop6amxKue", ,, Yop6an%xKus, Sal SonepuH", ,,bonepun, Gaui yop6anxKna*. Tasu cbopmysa HapomHHAT TBOpeLL H3I10J13yBa LIMPOKO, KOraTO McKa a MOKaxKe MMOTHOTO CCTOAHHE H COMMasI- HOTO NosoxeHHe Ha YopGaspKUHTe!’. 3a 1a NoAYepTae MbpBeHCTByBalLOTO MAC- To, KoeTo yop6amxKUMTe 3aeMaT B OOUECTBOTO, Ye Te HancTHHa ca ,,GalI — ITbpBH, P1aBHH MO HMOTHOTO H OOLIECTBEHOTO CH MosOxKeHHe, HAPOMHHAT TBO- peu nocouna, ue Te ca GoraTH — ,,3HHTHH xopa, ,,[]o 3HHTHH OTe No Gomba- pun“. Amann ,,rexky uManH", ,aMaHH GucKpaiiny*. Keune HM ca ,BHCOKH, KAMIMS, DKAMIMA OLITe YapaKnus, NOpTHTe uM ca ,,Ty4OBH* (6poH30- BH), ,.KH€3HH... Hb NOpTH CHHJDKUpH HT. H.! Toskopa TpaiiHoTo, ycToiiumgo M WIMpoKo M3NON3yBaHe B MleceHHOTO Ha- POAHO TROpYecTBO Ha Ha3BaHMATa ,,Gonap" H ,,4opOamKUA KATO CHHOHMMM, H TO BHHArH B O3HTHBHa MO3KUMA €/HO CIpAMO Apyro, B ChYeTaHHe c NpH1a- raTenHoro ,,6ai — npbe, rlaBeH, emBa s1M € cry4aliHo. 3antoTo, Koa e MpH4H- HaTa HanpHMep sta 11uricBa noxo6Ha opmysia 3a npescTapaHe Ha nonysapHa- 1a THTIa ,KMeT“, CbILO OCTaHasia OT BpeMeTO Ha ObsirapeKata ApxKaBa MIpe- AM OCMAHCKOTO HalllecTBHe, LIMPOKO H3IIOsI3yBaHa KATO EHO OT Ha3BaHHATa Ha 6brrapcKHTe MEpBeHUH. Moxe ma ce mpexnonoxn, 4e TOBA € pesysITaT OT CTpeMexa Ha HAapOAHMA TBOpeL Ja MOKaxKe MACTOTO MH 3HaYeHHeETO Ha Yop6aMxKHiiCTBOTO B O6uLeCTBE- HHA %KMBOT. 3a 1a NOLYEpTae ToBa, 3a TEXeH aHasOr OT MHHAJIOTO coun GosAp- crBoro. Canp3sateTo Ha 4op6amxKHlicTRoTO c GonapcTBOTO 6H Morno sa ce O6sCHH HC HAMepeHHeTO Ha Cb3aTeMTE Ha MeCHHTe Aa BHYLWAT Ha CAyWaTe- JIMTe, ¥e YopGasKMNTE ca HOBUTe GonApH B GyKBaHMA MB MpeHOCHHA CMH- cbs. 3a ToBa GescnopHo AOMpHHacsd WeMOHCTpHpaHoTo oT YopGasKUHTE Ma- TepHaNHO CLCTOAHHE, BACT M BLHUHa MOKa3HOCT, KoATO ce M3pa3zaBasa B MMUHOCTTa Ha ObseKOTO HM H3NOM3yBaHaTa PUTYANHOCT MpH TosABaTa MM Mpe MpecTaBuTesMTe Ha OCMaHCKaTa BACT M Cpex ChHapoAHMUMTe cH. Taka Ha- TIpHMep FosIeMHAT MH BIMATEICH BpayaHcKH Yop6an%«KKA JluMuTpaKH XalKu- owes (17801827) ce o6nuuan B ,,aneHM noTypH, npenacsan cBusIeH Mosc, orrope Hocen mbsira seneHa, nousKora Oana, cBysIcHa NaMyKsMA H BHPxy Hea anew ykamanan“", Yop6amxuata xasKn Haiinen Kpscres (ox. 1770—1852) TIpH CeAMHYHMTe CH MocelleHHA Ha BaMATA B OMPHHCKHA KOHAK ,,e3 M1 Gora- TO ykpaceH KOH, a CJlef Hero CilezBasI HeroBMsAT ciyra, KOTO HocH YnbyKa Kom ppnpoca 3a GearapcKoro Goasperpo.. 35 my... BHHarM Mp ToBa WecTBMe Ha 3HaTHHA KOMPHBULeHell OT ABeTe CTpaHH Ha OAPHHCKHTE... YIHUM Ce THANE Maca Hapos, NpeqMMHO ObsrapH, Ha KO- HTO Yop6aMKHATA WeMpO pa3faBasl YeCTO pa3HH 3BOHKOBU MoHeTH“'*, KEM Ta3M MOKa3HOCT ce NpHADp2xKaIM HM YopGawKUMTeE OT BTOpaTa NOMOBMHAa Ha XIX B. Yop6anxn Matbo (1825—1893) or Buapape uman cneuManHa oxpana — ,,BhOpbIKEH OT aBaTa 0 MeTH TYPYHH™, OGHYAM Ce’ Che CYKHEH KOKYK H Ce ABMXKed C ,,KOUMA, TereHa OT 1Ba XpaHeHH KOHA, c XyOaBH XaMyTH, OOWMTH ¢ nMpwHY WoKBATH MysoBe“!’. A no BpeMe Ha UBpKoBHa cay%K6a B OapHH npe3 1873 r. ce oT6ens3pa, ¥e ,,4opOasKHHTe... c JTbAITH CaMypeHH KIopKoBe H aTsIa- 3€HH MOscH TexXKO MpUCTBNexa 3a] AYXOBCHCTBOTO KaTO HCTHHCKH ObarapcKM Gonspu'®, Or Towa cnegpa, ¥e B OOulecTBeHOTO Ch3HaHHe YopGasxUlicTBOTO ce BL3NpHeMa kato aHanor Ha GonapcTBoTo. By3MoxHa € H Apyra XHMOTe3a, a HMCHHO, 4e TOBa ¢ O6ycOBeHO OT Npo- MeHHTe B OOLECTBEHOTO Cb3HAHMe M OMeHbYHO-HOpMaTHBHaTa CHCTeMa Ha GwsrapcKMs Hapon, Ypes KOATO ce OTPHYa OCMaHCKaTa J{bp2xaBa M MHCTHTY- UHH, HO ,,B MO3HaBaTesIHaTa NOACHCTeMa CpeHOBeKOBHAaTa GsIrapcKa COUH- ajIHa CTpyKTypa OcTaBa KaTO MOjlepHa. 3ama3Ba Ce HAeATA 3a HAPOAHHA BOLAY — apucroxpata, Ho apneroKpata 6barapun (T. ¢. Gomapuna)“”. Ho cea Kato 3a ,,eTAsIOH Ha H34e3HasIMA OT COLMaHOTO GuTHe GomapHH* npe3 XVI B. B HapoaHMa erioc e npesspHat Kpasm Mapxo'’, sacny:kapa BHUMaHHe (bakTBT, Ye OT eT Yop6a/MKHH CBIO ca NpeACTABeHH KaTO Tepou OT IOHAILIKHs erloc. UYop6anxu Anexcn or Kapxo6art c nyuika 4 cabs B pbKa rpoMu TypulMTe HC AHH yap cbOapa HaBeaHD%K No cenemaecet aywuM”. O6paabT Ha Pagan 4op- 6aJ2KM IMBK e U3rPpaneH C XapaKTePHUTEe 3a IOHALIKUTE NeCHH NOXBaTH: MOHY- MeHTanHocT Ha H306paxKeHHeTo, xHMepSom3aLINA Ha OOpasnTe, MUTHYHH TIpe- ACTABM, C KOHTO HapoAHMAT TBOPEL OAMepTaBa TOsOKUTEMHOTO CH OTHOUIE- Hue KbM repos. MuTepecuo e€ M OnMcaHHeTO Ha ApexuTe, c KONTO Pagan Yop- Gayxn ce o6s1M4a, 3a a ce ABH Npen KagHaTa Ha CunBeH: A uu ca Padan yoaeuu — yOaeuu cykny mopyy, 603 mopyymy 3uaeny™. 3a o6seKsOTO Ha HAKOM CAMBEHCKH ceMelicTBa c GaaroposHH4eckH npo- v3xo/1, 3ana3eHo no Kpaa Ha XVIII p., choOuapa Man Cenmmunckn: ,,Ha en- HM cemeiicrBa o6neKsOTO Gelle Taka: Wanka OT CaMyp, BUCOKa...; aHTepHs OT Hinar, mpourapen ¢ KonpHia, 3akonManana OT WMATA 10 KpakaTa che cpe6p- HM Koml¥eTAa; Mosc — 31aTeH WIM KONPHHeH; AbsIra ryHa Mo KpakaTa OT YepBe- Ha WJM TbMHOYEpBEHA 4OXa, YKpaceHa Che CKBMOLMeHHa KOxKa OT BHTPeMHaTA cTpana Mc arn ppkaBh... Ha Apyrv wankute Gaxa Kato Ha GocTaHAKHHTE... pasnvKata M crenenta Ha 6aroposqHMYecTBOTO ce ¥ka3BaXa OT pasIM4HHTe wanku“, Ho H Te3H ,MaqOBaXxkHH 3HauH" cropen CenuMMHCKH w34e3Hasu HalrbsaHO ripes 1812 r., 3al0TO UapurpaacKMAT NaTpHapx pasnopeAMsI Xpuc- TuaHUTe Ba ce OGIMYAT CKPOMHO, cboOpasHo c NoNOKeHMeTO cM Ha pas”. 36 Muxana Ppsusapos Togo6un pasnopexaanna Ha BucUaTa BAacT ca Gun oOwYaiiHa npakTHKa, WesAMa 1a 3a1M4YM cnoMeHa 3a GraropoyeH npou3xog M Na Mpeceye BoAKa BDHIIHa H39Ba Ha MaTepHasiHo 6sarononyune H OOUlecTBEHO MosoxKeHHe. 3a ToBa roBopH eAHO ,,3anpeTHTenHO nHcMo" oT 28 dbespyapy 1759 r. Ha Oxpu- CKMTE CBCLCHHLM M ITbPBEHUM, BIHCAHO B KOseKca Ha apxMenMcKonusita, ¢ KoeTo ce 3a6paHABasiO Ha %KEHHTE Ja HOCAT aTsa3eHH Apex, KOxYCH, Apex B YepBeH UBAT, KaKTO HM fla [HM YKpacaBaT CC CbpMa, 2 BITHUH H T. H.2? Tlo apyr nosog Cenumunckn or6ens3pa, ¥e npe3 1800 r. ,,TtypckoTo Bap- BapCTBO IIpHpaBHH BCHYKHTe XPHCTHAHCKH CeMeiicTBa*. A Makap fa nomyep- Tapa, 4e ceMeiicTBata, 3a KOTO roBOpH, ca 3a6paBMsIM GaropoAHUs cH po- WSXxOWt, 3a ceGe CH NMILIe, Ye € OT 3HaTeH pos, HCTOpHsTa Ha KoiiTo e oTMpeH 500 rogunn, 3a KoeTo UMan cTapu 6bsrapCKM XpHCoBy:IH H cysTaHCKH bepMa- HH. B uscaegpaneTo cv 3a BHAMHCKHA pos Ha Wnuimanosun Ietsp Huon MOCO4BA, ¥e € Bb3MOAHO TO3M BUCH Bb3POXKACHCKH POs ta HMa CBOs MpoOH3- XO OT €AHOMMeHHaTa AMHacTHs Ha Broporo GbmrapcKo uapeTBo™. tee TipupegeHuTe M aHasIM3MpaHH H3TOYHHUM aBaT OCHOBaHHE Ja Ce TIpHe- Me, ¥e H3Ka3aHoTO oT KoncTantun Mpevex npeznonoxenue 3a Mpow3xona Ha 4Yop6a22KHiicTBOTO HMa CBOeTO OCHOBAHHE. 3alllOTO € BUHO, Ye cyIe J, OCMaH- CKOTO 3aBsaqaBaHe B ObsrapcKOTo ObulecTBO ce 3ana3BaT MpescTaBUTesIN Ha cTapoTo 6osApCTBO, KOMTO BEMpeKH MPpOMeHEHHTE YCJIOBMA C JIMKBUMpaHeTo. Ha 6bsrapckaTa AbpxKaBa YCnABAT NOM pa3ssIM4HH (POpMH a CbxpaHaT NpH- BYsIerMpoBaHOTO cH oslOxeHHe. TexHH NOTOMUN, Makap HB OrpaHM4eHn csy- aH, CToAT Ha4eno Ha Obarapute npe3 XV u XVI B., kaTo npenctasutesuTe HM OT CleBalLMTe reHepauMH 3ara3BaT He CAMO CIOMeHAa 3a CBOA NpOU3xoA, HO M MOsO*KEHMCTO CH Ha ITbPBH XOpa, a Taka CbIIO M HAKOM OT BBHLIHUTE, npeacrasuresure GesesM Ha apHCTOKpaTHYHOTO cH NOTeKIO, KATO NMULHOCT TA Ha oGs1eK0To. Hi KoNKoTO MaoGpocH H USTbHSUI sla € TO3H coli oF NpescTa- BHTeIM Ha CTapoTo 6bsrapcKo GosApCTBO, KOMKOTO H MpOMeHeHO Ja e 06- IM€CTBEHOTO My MosOxKeHHe, MUCHO OT OCHOBHaTa My (pyHKUMA Ha ABpxKaB- Ha BOCHHO-aMHHHCTpaTHBHa MHCTHTYUHS, TO € thakT M MMa MsCTO B Obulec- ‘TBeHMA 2%KHBOT Ha OLarapute. Fopann toa npes XVII u XVIII B., Korato B pesys1TaT of HapacTpanilata jeueHTpasu3anua B OcMalicKata HMnepHs H yBe- JM4apalllaTa Ce POA Ha NPOBKHUMAHOTO, MecTHOTO ynpaBsIeHHe, B KOCTO pes HaBW3aHeTO Ha eHHYapcTROTO THTIATa YopbamKHA 1OOHBa HonysAp- HOCT, TA Ce BB3IIpHeMa HM YTBbPXAaBa OT ObsrapCKOTO OOUeCTBO 3a Ha3sBaHHe Ha HeroBHTe IbPBEHLM KaTO Haii-NosxoNAUla HW 61M3Ka Mo 3Ha4eHHe c THTIa- Ta Ha Gonap. Vi 3a Topa B M3TOUHMUMTe OT XVIII B., oco6eHo BLB omkopa, yop6amKuiicTBOTO H 6onApcTBOTO Ce NpeACTABAT KATO CHHOHMMH, H TO BHHA- TH 3a€HO, C KOeTO Ce IeJIM Ja Ce BHYLUaT 3Ha4YMMOCTTa HM OM30CTTa Ha YOp- Km wpmpoca 3a OnarapcKoto 6oxapeTBo... 37 6amxKniickata HHCTHTYUMA cbc CTapoOEArapcKOTO GospeTBO. Pas6upa ce, oT ka3aHoTo He cnempa, 4e BCHUKH ObAFApCKH ITHpBEHLM, THTYsyBAHM KATO YOp- 6amxun mpe3 BL3paxkaaneTo, UMaT GraroposeH MpoM3xoA, HO e bakT, 4e B o6ujecTBeHOTO cE3HaHHe, ocobeHO npes XVIII z., Te ce BL3NPHeMaT KaTo aHa- sor Ha Gonsapute. BEJIEKKU ‘ Mpevek, K. Metopus Bosrap. Ozeca, 1878, c. 508. ? Bobuen, C. C. Tuts 4 cayxOu B O6jacTHOTO ynpapaeHHe Ha cTapoppemcKa Barapa. — Vise. a Vctop. apyxectao a Copus, Ne 11—12, 1932, c. 232. » Tpucpoton, IO. Kom empoca 3a crapoOparapcKoto Goaspetso. — Cn. BAH, Ne 26, 1923, c. 68-70. * Cuerapon, Me. Mctopus 3a Oxpackata apxmenuckonus — narpuapuina. OT nagavero it nox TypunTe 10 HelHOTO yHutOKeHHe (1394—1767). C., 1932, c. 42—43. * Bacwum » A. Ktutopexu noptpera. C., 1960, c. 58—66; Hacaennuxona, B. Mc ‘opus Ha GbrapeKHs KocTIOM. C., 1974, c. 46—50, 55—75. °Hukon, I, Baaqucnas Ppamarux. Mperacse Mouure Ha Ca, Misa PuincKit ot Teptono p Pickus Manactup. — Bear. nctop. 6162., Ne 2, 1928, c. 182. ” Bx. [nerkona, b. Or GarapcKis beoaain3bM KbM OcMaHcKaTa OOiLeCTReHO- kOHOMH¥ecka CTpykTypa. (IIpHemcraexoct u napasen). — B: Bosirapus 1300, Unc THTYUMH H TbprKABHA TpagHuns. T. 1, C., 1981, c.205—207. * Maen, H. Eawn vewaaagen goxyment 3a OonrapcKata uctopus (1597 r.) — Map. Ha wetop. apyxxectao a Comps, N24, 1915, c. 97-99. ° Meropus ia Bearapus. T. 3, C., 1982, c. 220-221; Penona, En. HuxonoacKoto cpxposnue XIII—XIV p., C., 1981 (pytasp). © Hemcku 4 anctpulicku mbrenucn 3a Bankannte XV—XVI p. Yaoa, noa6op 1 xomentap M. Houos, C., 1979, ¢. 219. " Hapoaum necum or Konpusuuua. — COHYHK, © 10, 1890, c. 74; Apsaynor, M. Cenepria Jlo6pyaxxa. Eruorpahckn Ha6.ioqenus 4 HapomHn necu#. — COHYHK, Ne 35, 1923, c. 274; Honupation, P. Hapoaii neci or Llymercxo. — COHYHK, N42, 1936, c. 85-86; Croiisen, Kp. Terenetick roaop. — COHYHK, Ne 31, 1915, c. 167— 189 4 apyrn. "= Bxx. Ppsaaapon, M. YopSanxuiictaoro B 6sarapcKus onkaop. — Usp. 1a My3. B Ceneposan. Bbarapus, Ne 22, 1994, c. 269. ® Anrenon, Hn. Bpaua 1 pavain B 6op6ata 3a ocBoSOxKReHMe OT TYPCKO HTO. Bpaua, 1957, c.18. “ Tlonon, Hn. H. Ma Maniaaoro Ha Oxpun. C., 1919, ¢. 15-16. 'STaren, H. M3 muniaioro ia Terenextcko u Borearpazcko. C., 1936, c. 83-128. ‘© Tlonon, Ha. H. Lut. cbs., c. 19. 7 Peopruena, In. Hakon acnektH Ha oOulecTBeHOTO cB3HaHHe Ha OnrapuTe npes XV—XVII ». — B: Boarapusa npes XV—XIX b., C., 1989, c, 123. "Tax Ta, c. 123. °° Tonmnation, IP. Lut. cb4.,c. 190-191. ” Taaiioron, JI, Paattu kaaus. — Poauna, Ne S—6, 1900, c. 193. 38 Muxana Ppousapon 2 Llur. no TaGaxon, C. Onur 3a uetopus Ha rpag Caunen. T. 1. Bropo uaaanne, C,, 1986, c. 285. ® Cuerapos, Mn. Ppax Oxpua. Mctopuuecku ovepx. — Makeronexn npersiea, Ne 1, 1928, ¢. 114. ® TaGakon, C. Lar. cb4., c. 282-283. ® Huon, I. Buanncxute nppaexun [aumanoray.— Hsp. xa uctop. apyxect- po, Ne 13, 1933, c. 110-111.

You might also like