NARRATION 7

He says, "I work hard." Direct • Direct Speech is not used in

Precis & Comprehension
He says that he works hard. Indirect
Reporting Reported
Verb Speech

1 ASSERTIVE SENTENCES:

i Conjunction — that
(Subject) (Object) (No Change)
ii Change of Pronoun — S O N

1 2 3

1st person 2nd person 3rd person

I, We You He, She, It, They, Noun, Others

Eg:- He says to me, "You work hard."

He tells me that I work hard.

iii Say Say

Said Said
Say to Tell
Said to Told

He says, "She works hard."

Eg:- He says that she works hard.

iv If Reporting Verb is in present/ future tense, the tense/ time/ place

of the Reported Speech does not change.

Eg:- 1. He says, “I know her and her family.”

2. He has said to me, “You know economy is in problem now.”
3. People will say, “We will vote for him this time too.”
4. Hari is saying to me, “You are disturbing me.”

KD LIVE 201 Class Notes : NARRATION

 Answers

1. He says that he knows her and her family.

2. He has told me that I know economy is in problem now.
3. People will say that they will vote for him this time too.
4. Hari is telling me that I am disturbing him.

1. He said, "The Sun is a star." Universal truth

2. He said, "Honesty is the best policy." Proverb/ Phrase
3. He said, "Too many cooks spoil the broth." Idiom
4. He said, "I go to school daily." Present routine Historic
5. He said, "I used to go to school daily." al fact
Past routine
6. He said, "Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement."
7. He said, "Women are more sincere workers than men."
Sweeping
Generalization
If the Reporting Verb is in past tense and Reported Speech is Idiom,
Note: phrase, Universal truth etc, the tense, time & place of Reported Speech
will not be changed.
Answers
1. He said that the Sun is a star.
2. He said that honesty is the best policy.
3. He said that too many cooks spoil the broth.
4. He said that he goes to school daily.
5. He said that he used to go to school daily.
6. He said that Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement.
7. He said that women are more sincere workers than men.

He said to me, "I studied here ten years ago."

He told me that he had studied there ten years before.

If Reporting Verb is in past time and Reported Speech is not an Idiom, Phrase
etc, change the tense, time & place, as follows—

KD LIVE 202 Class Notes : NARRATION

 Change in Tense

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite Past Perfect

Present Continuous Past Continuous Past Perfect

Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

V1 V2 had+V3

is/ am/ are was/ were had been

has/ have V3 had V3 No change

has/ have been had been No change

Change in Modals Change in Place

Can — Could Here — There
May — Might This — That
Will/ Shall — Would/ Should These — Those

Change in Time

Now — Then

Today — That day

Tonight — That night

Yesterday — The previous day/ the day before

Tomorrow — The next day/the following day

Ago — Before

Last — The previous

Hence onwards — Thence onwards

KD LIVE 204 Class Notes : NARRATION

 Change into Indirect Speech
1. He said to me, "I will meet you tonight."
2. She said to him, "We cannot tolerate these tantrums now."
3. 'Rekha" he said, "We will finish today's work today because tomorrow never
comes."
4. Rohan said, "I slept early last night. I missed many calls."
5. He said, "This is unacceptable. I won't tolerate this nonsense."

Answers
1. He told me that he would meet me that night.
2. She told him that they could not tolerate those tantrums then.
3. He told Rekha that they would finish that day's work that day because
tomorrow never comes.
4. Rohan said that he had slept early the previous night so he had missed
many calls.
5. He said that that was unacceptable and he wouldn't tolerate that nonsense.

Interrogative Sentences

Indirect Speech में कभी भी Inversion नह ीं आता।

1. He said to me, "Are you coming?"
Indirect Speech → He asked me if I was coming.
2. He said to me, "When are you coming?"
Indirect Speech → He asked me when I was coming.

Changes Said to Asked, Interrogated, Enquired etc.

Question Mark (?) Full stop (.)

H.V comes after the subject

Tense, Pronoun, Time & Place Change according to rules.
Conjunction If 'wh' family present — No conjunction
If no 'wh' Present — Conj.- 'if' or 'whether'.

KD LIVE 205 Class Notes : NARRATION

 Change into Indirect Speech
1. He said to me, "Why did you come here yesterday?"
2. He said to the clerk, "When does this office open?"
3. He said to us, "Don't you know that honesty is the best policy?"
4. He said to me, "Haven't you booked these tickets from this counter?"
5. He said to me, "Are you coming or not?"

Answer

1. He asked me why I had come/ gone there the previous day.

2. He asked the clerk when that office opened.
3. He asked us if we didn't know that honesty is the best policy.
4. He asked me if I had not booked those tickets from that counter.
5. He asked me whether I was coming or not.

Optative Sentences

Sentences of Wish, Prayer or Curse

He said, "May god bless you."
Indirect Speech → He prayed that god might bless me.
Changes
Said wished/ prayed

Conjunction that

May (hidden/ given) — Might. Might comes after the subject

Tense, Time, Pronoun and Place change according to rules.

Examples:
1. He said, "God bless you." 4. He said, "May you prosper in life."
2. She said to me, "Go to hell." 5. She said, "May you succeed in this
3. They said, "Long live the king." attempt."
Answer
1. He wished that god might bless me.
2. She cursed me to go to hell.
OR
She cursed me that I might go to hell.
3. They wished that the king might live long.
4. He prayed/ wished that I might prosper in life.
5. She prayed/ wished that I might succeed in that attempt.
KD LIVE 206 Class Notes : NARRATION
 Imperative Sentences
1. He said to me, "Please help me."
2. He requested me to help him.
Changes
Said to ordered/ requested/ advised/ forbade etc

Conjunction to

'To' is followed by Vb.f

Pronoun, Time, Place & Tense change according to rules
Change into Indirect Speech
1. He said to me, "Please help me today."
2. He said to me, "Sir, don't lean against the wall."
3. He said to the judge, "Your Honour, Please help me in getting Justice."
4. He said to the servant, "Get out of this room right now."

Answer
1. He requested me to help him that day.
2. He asked me respectfully not to lean against the wall.
OR
He respectfully forbade me to lean against the wall.
3. He requested the judge respectfully to help him in getting justice.
4. She ordered the servant to get out of that room right then.

KD LIVE 207 Class Notes : NARRATION

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