Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude to my

information technology teacher 'Mrs. ARTI'
for their guidance and support in completing
my project.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to

the Principal Mam Mrs. USHA and vice
principal sir Mr. DEVRAJ GUPTA for
providing me the facility that was required.

Ananya Mahajan
th
10 A , 02
Name : Ananya Mahajan
th
Class : 10 ‘A’
Roll no. : 02
Subject : Information Technology
Submitted to : Miss Arti Sharma
Submitted on : 30 - 03- 2021

REMARKS
Index
• Understanding styles , categories in digital
documentation.
• Implement mail merge.
• Creating reference to other documents.
• Setting up spreadsheet for linking
worksheets.
• Steps to create table using table design.
• Create a query using a query wizard.
• Create a report using wizard.
• Sign into google account and start chatting.
• Create a query using SQL view.
 Practical no.1
If you want to use styles, you have to know how to modify
them according to each document. If you want to increase
the size of all headings or you want to change the line
spacing for the whole document, you only have to alter the
style you are using. Styles used in word processors include:
• Different levels of headings.
Eg: Heading 1 and Heading 2
• Text body, the style of the text itself.
• Image captions: The explanations for images often
have their own styles
• Table of contents: The table of contents often has its
own style.
By using styles, you do not have to reformat every page in
a document separately. Since styles make it faster to
format documents, they are very handy for word
processing.
In Office, the tools for modifying styles are grouped on the
Home tab (see image below) in the ribbon menu.
 ➢ Paragraph and Character Style
There are two kinds of styles:
1. Paragraph styles: It affects the whole paragraph, Eg.
indentations and alignment. Paragraph styles are
marked with the symbol 1.
2. Character styles: Affects the painted text. Character
styles are marked with the symbol a.

If you want to use a paragraph style , click on the

paragraph you want to format. If you want to use
character styles , paint a body of text with the mouse.
Then you can change the style in the Styles window (more
about that below) or from a more graphic style menu,
which you can open by clicking on the button on the right
of the Styles tool group.
If you move the mouse over the different styles in the
menu that opens, you will see how each style affects the
text when applied to it. Select the style you want by
clicking on it in the menu. The example below shows that
the cursor has been placed over Word's own style Subtle
Emphasis and the selected text has been emphasized.
For long documents, use styles for the headings, since you
can then use them later for structuring and to create the
table of contents.
If the heading style does not suit your needs, you can
modify it.

The paragraph style applies to the whole paragraph

(indentations, line spacing, font and formatting etc). The
text style only applies to a chosen piece of text (font and
its colour and size, underlining, special effects).
When you place the cursor into a paragraph, you will see
the style of the paragraph in the Styles window, which
you open by clicking on the button in the lower right-hand
corner of the tool group, or with the key combination
Alt+Ctrl+Shift+S.
You can remove all formatting from a selected area by
clicking on Clear Formatting in the style menu of the
Styles tool group or Clear All in the Styles window.
 ➢ Creating your own Styles
There are several ready styles available in word
processors, but if you do not think any of them is suitable,
you can create your own style. The styles will be stored in
the document you are modifying.
Start creating a new style by opening the document that
you want to create the style for. Then open the Styles
window by clicking on the button. Click on the lower
right-hand button of the tool group. Click on the button
New Style (see image below) to start creating a new style.

This will bring up the window for setting a new style on

your screen (see image below), Give the new style a name
in the Name box and choose the object for the style
(paragraph, character, table or list).
 Then choose the basis for the style. The style you create
will be similar to the style on which you model it unless
you have changed the feature. As default, the basis for
each style is Normal. If you have created a style before
that would be a good basis for the new style, you can
choose it from the list Style based on.

In the list Style for following paragraph you can choose

which style will be applied when you press Enter at the
end of a paragraph written with this style. After a
heading style, for example, a Normal style usually
follows.
Next click on the button Format to bring out the
formatting options of the program. Choose the feature
you want to format. In the example in the next image, a
paragraph is being formatted to change settings choose
Paragraph in the Format menu.

If you want to do other formatting, click on Format in the

first menu again to choose another feature.

In the menu window New Style you will see what the style
is based on and which changes you have made to the
basic style for your new style accept all the choices by
clicking on OK. The style is now ready for use from the
Styles window (the window at the right of the program)
or from the list of styles in the Styles tool group in the
ribbon menu.
 Practical no.2
Mail Merge
The mail merging process generally requires the following
steps:
1. Creating a Main Document and the Template.
2. Creating a Data Source.
3. Defining the Merge Fields in the main document.
4. Merging the Data with the main document.
5. Saving/Exporting.
 Practical no.3
Creating the reference to other
documents

To create the reference with the mouse, both

spreadsheets need to be open. Select the cell in which the
formula is going to be entered.
1. Click the icon next to the input line.
2. Switch to the other spreadsheet (the process to do this
will vary depending on which operating system you are
using).
3. Select the sheet (Savings account) and then the
reference cell (F3).
Selecting the savings account reference cell
4. Switch back to the original spreadsheet.
5. Click on the green check mark on the input line.
Your spreadsheet should now resemble the figure below.

➢ Linked files
You will get a good feel for the format of the reference if
you look closely at the input line. Based on this line you
can create the reference using the keyboard.
Creating the reference with the keyboard
Typing the reference is simple once you know the format
the reference takes. The reference has three parts to it:
• Path and file name
• Sheet
• Cell

Looking at the figure above, you can see the the general
format for the reference is :
='file:///Path & File Name'#$SheetName,CellName,
 Practical no. 4
Linking data in worksheet

Copy from the source worksheet and Paste Link in the

destination sheet.

1. In the source worksheet, copy the data to be linked. As

in the example above, we are bringing in the value of cell
B6 from the Paris worksheet.
2. In the destination sheet, click the cell where you want
the link formula, and click Paste => Paste Link on the
Home tab - see figure. (Old versions of Excel: Edit =>
Paste Special => Paste Link)
3. The destination worksheet displays the formula value,
and the link formula displays in the formula bar (see
figure on next page). With this method, Excel creates the
formula with an absolute cell reference: =Paris!$B$6.
4. Return to the source worksheet and press ESC key to
remove the animated border.
 ➢ Manually write formulas

Entering formulas manually is not difficult: equal sign,

sheet name, exclamation mark, and cell reference:
=SheetName!CellReference.
If you have multiple formulas to enter, open a Notepad
file, type the formula, and copy, paste, and modify.
Don't worry about capitalizing worksheet names. If the
worksheet name is capitalized and you enter the name in
the formula without the capital letter, Excel will add it
and vice versa.
In linking formulas, spaces or special characters must be
wrapped in single quotes; e.g. ='Retail Prices'!B6. (Excel
automatically wraps worksheet names C or R in single
quotes.)
 ➢ Linking two worksheets in different
workbooks

If the worksheets are in different workbooks in the same

folder or directory, the formula must also include the
workbook name in brackets as shown.
= [BookName.xlsx]SheetName!Cell Reference

If the workbooks are in different folders, the formula

would have to include the complete file path as well, so it
is best to avoid this situation. Don't forget that versions
older than Excel 2007 have a file extension of xls.
 Practical no. 5
Create a table with Table Design

1. Select Create > Table Design

2. In the new table, for the first field, enter a field name
and a data type.
3. To set the primary key for the table, select the Field
Name cell for the appropriate field and then select
Primary Key.
The Primary Key indicator appears to the left of the field
name. You can change the primary key at any time, but
each table can have only one primary key.
4. Select File > Save, and name the table.
There are many more options when you build and modify
tables with Table Design

• Switch between Design View and Datasheet View for

any saved table.
• Designate any field as the table's primary key.
• Use Builder to create an expression or input mask.
• Test validation rules.
• Insert and delete rows.
• Create lookup lists.
• Create, rename, and delete data macros.
• Define relationships and object dependencies.
 Practical no.6
Create a query

To create a query by using the Query wizard follow the

given steps :
1. Click Query and select Use Query Wizard.
2. Click Query > New Query.
3. In the Choose Record Type window, select Defect and
click OK.
4. You can use an existing query as a template in the
Query wizard. This exercise does not use a template, so
click Next.
5. Use the Define how the query displays page to choose
the fields from the Defect record type to display in the
query results. To choose a field from the Fields pane,
double-click it or drag it to the Display Format grid.
Choose the following fields to display:
• Headline
• Owner
• Priority
• State
Use the Sort Order column to specify the order in which to
display the query results. Enter numbers in the Sort Order
cells as follows:
• Priority 1
• State 2
• Owner 3
• Headline 4
Use the Sort column to specify an ascending or
descending sort order. Click the Sort cell for each display
field once to set the ascending sort order. Click Next.

6. Use the Select fields to use as query filters page to

specify which fields to use as filters in establishing the
query's selection criteria. Double-click the State field. Click
Next.
7. Specify the filters and selection criteria:
• Select Define Filter.
• Select Contains from the Operator list, and select the
Not check box.
• Click Values. In the Select Values window, select
Closed and Resolved and click OK. The query is now
defined to return all records that are not in a closed or
resolved state.
• Click Run to run the query.
8. Examine the records that the query returns in the
Results grid.
9. Click File > Save as. Enter any name in the Query Name
field, and click OK to save the query in the Personal
Queries folder of your workspace.
 Practical no.7
Create a report

The easiest way to create a report in Access is to use the

Report Wizard, which guides you step by step through
arranging and selecting which data to print on a report.
To use the Report Wizard in Access, follow these steps:
1. Click the Create tab.
2. In the Reports group, click the Report Wizard icon.
The Report Wizard dialog box appears.
3. Click in the Tables/Queries list box and choose the table
or query that contains the data you want to print in a
report.
4. Click a field in the Available Fields box and then click
the > button.
Repeat this step for each additional field you want to
display in your report.
5. Click Next.
Another dialog box appears, asking whether you want to
group your data by a specific field, such as by First Name,
Last Name, or Sales.
6. Click a field name displayed in the box and then click
the > button.
Repeat this step for each additional field you want to use
to group your data on the report.
7. Click Next.
Another dialog box appears, asking you to choose up to
four fields to use for sorting your report.
8. Click in a list box and choose a field to sort your data.
Data will be sorted by the order chosen here for each
additional field you sort on.
9. Click next Another dialog box appears, asking you how
to lay out your report.
10. In the Layout group. Select a radio button, such as
Stepped or Block .You may see different options
depending on the fields you chose in the previous steps.
11. Click Next. Another dialog box appears, asking for a
descriptive name for your report.
12. Type a descriptive name for your report and then click
Finish. Access displays your report.
 Practical no.8
How to set up a Google Account on
your Android phone

• Open the Settings app.

• Scroll down and tap on Google.
• Tap Add account.
• Tap Google
• Tap Create account.
• Tap For myself if it's a personal account, or to manage
my business if it's a professional account.
• Type in the name associated with the account.
While you do not have to use your real name, if this will
be your main account, using your real name is
recommended.
• Tap Next.
• Enter the birthdate associated with the account.
Google requires all account users to be at least 13 years
old and some countries have even higher age
requirement, and in order to have an account that can
use Google Pay or a credit card to pay for anything, the
account holder must be 18 years old.
 • Select a gender. If you do not wish to be identified by
your gender, you can select rather not say.
• Tap Next.
• Type in your username.
This username will become your Gmail address as well as
how you log into your account. If your desired username
is taken, you'll be told to pick another and given
suggestions.
• Tap Next.
• Type in a new password for your account. The
password has to be at least eight characters but
thankfully is not required to have a number or special
character if you want to stick to plain old letters.
• Re-type your new password in the Confirm password
box. You'll be told how strong or weak the password
you've selected is.
• You'll be asked if you want to add a phone number.
This phone number can be used to verify your identity,
help log into your account, and help people find you if
they have your phone number. Tap Yes, I'm in to add
your number or Skip to forgo it.
• Google will present its terms of use. After scrolling
through and reading the sections that interest you,
tap I agree.
 • Your core Google Account is now set up, and your
username and the length of your password will be
shown. Tap Next to exit this screen.

▪ Sign in to Google Chat.

▪ Sign in to Google Chat to send and receive
messages.
1. Download Google Chat from the Google Play store.
2. Tap the Google Chat app. If prompted, sign in to your
Google Account for work or school.
Work with Google Chat.
 Practical no. 9
CREATE A QUERY USING SQL

➢ Creating Views
Database views are created using the CREATE VIEW
statement. Views can be created from a single table,
multiple tables or another view.

To create a view, a user must have the appropriate

system privilege according to the specific implementation
The basic CREATE VIEW Syntax is as follows –

CREATE VIEW view_name AS

SELECT column1, column2.....
FROM table_name
WHERE (condition);

You can include multiple tables in your SELECT statement

in a similar way as you use them in a normal SQL SELECT
query.
Example : Consider the CUSTOMERS table having the
following records -

Following is an example to create a view from the

CUSTOMERS table. This view would be used to have
customer name and age from the CUSTOMERS table.
SQL > CREATE VIEW CUSTOMERS VIEW AS
SELECT name, age
FROM CUSTOMERS;
 ➢ The WITH CHECK OPTION

The WITH CHECK OPTION is a CREATE VIEW statement

option. The purpose of the WITH CHECK OPTION is to
ensure that all UPDATE and INSERTS satisfy the
condition(s) in the view definition.

If they do not satisfy the condition(s), the UPDATE or

INSERT returns an error.
The following code block has an example of creating
same view CUSTOMERS_VIEW with the WITH CHECK
OPTION

CREATE VIEW CUSTOMERS_VIEW AS

SELECT name, age
FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE age IS NOT NULL
WITH CHECK OPTION;

The WITH CHECK OPTION in this case should deny the

entry of any NULL values in the view's AGE column,
because the view is defined by data that does not have a
NULL value in the AGE column.
 ➢ Updating a View

A view can be updated under certain conditions which are

given below -
• The SELECT clause may not contain the keyword
DISTINCT.
• The SELECT clause may not contain summary
functions.
• The SELECT clause may not contain set functions.
• The SELECT clause may not contain set operators.
• The SELECT clause may not contain an ORDER BY
clause.
• The FROM clause may not contain multiple tables.
• The WHERE clause may not contain subqueries.
• The query may not contain GROUP BY or HAVING.
• Calculated columns may not be updated.
• All NOT NULL columns from the base table must be
included in the view in order for the INSERT query to
function.

So, if a view satisfies all the above-mentioned rules then

you can update that view. The following code block has
an example to update the age of Ramesh.
SQL > UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW
SET AGE = 35
WHERE name = 'Ramesh';

This would ultimately update the base table CUSTOMERS

and the same would reflect in the view itself. Now, try to
query the base table and the SELECT statement would
produce the following result :

➢ Inserting Rows into a View

Rows of data can be inserted into a view. The same rules

that apply to the UPDATE command also apply to the
INSERT command.
Here, we cannot insert rows in the CUSTOMERS VIEW
because we have not included all the NOT NULL columns
in this view, otherwise you can insert rows in a view in a
similar way as you insert them in a table.

➢ Deleting Rows into a View

Rows of data can be deleted from a view. The same rules

that apply to the UPDATE and INSERT commands apply to
the DELETE command.
Following is an example to delete a record having AGE =
22 :
SQL > DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS_VIEW
WHERE AGE = 22;

This command will procure the following result :