Mean of @ random varioble X a = 4 X is discrete cv. if X iy continuous 1 vo MeEDd= & X. £0) Mz EO) = [x4 0x _—— = eS. if gs) is candem verruble,then | if gO) 1 Coden vecarle, Mga -E Cowi=2 geo gw ah [gu] = [govevrax -ve if gv 79 codem yorable, ip gy is random vorsoble X Gi Y ore discrete , XK od Yo Ge continuous, eae Nyon? 2% gy) £069) T iia [ [ovr ced e235 ene The mea oc expected value describes where the probability distibuteon is centered, fy Mo IN Mo Pee 2x 4002 Oflo) +4 FU + ZF) 3 4G) 44614) = O 444423 43.2 44-4 = 292m '0 10 10 (2 1o Scanned with CamScannerFigwe A Meo = Expected Vale fo =BOI=D x poy Mz8 0x2 2 xFe) b ; 7 ar =t fa Dros aig = Fhe =O = The histograms of two discrete prob. dioti butions thet have the same mean M= O, but differ in veriabil 2 (they have mequal disperions, dispersion re Umass Hieaa eagre | Figue 2 sypreed owk much more Cons Sige Spire een Kel Me: Te we calevlate De (X=M) fix) 1 then we conned get dhe cltfference eee ema § G2 DELI + (Mg l-1) 4041) 42PlY =O = (3-0) 4-37 + 3413) 2 Do, soniter Gees” : i (x-M) ¢@) Dad =varinee of X on lee Scanned with CamScannerV*s Vortx) Variane of 2 fandem variable x ao SS e TE ELoept}ed mmtgoy | VS ELoayt]. [ar eord x -0° Gav v is called staderd deviation of X Theorem. Elaxtrb)e aEUx/+b ineaerenier cn « vip ue wy SS Pins: Theorem ; Gre D lexesrerey = ): aXxpfout bevy x x = a2 XF07 +b DEY ey er >a E lx] +b- & E Ue-ay] eK] cs) Prog + Vie EL xtemxan’s Pane E(x*J-2MEI + he i, ELx'] ~apt4n® = € De 3-4" Vee 2 = € Lx") -(€X) [#3 Scanned with CamScannerExt Let x be the outcome of the coll of @ are Find El), Vorix) od Vy Doluhien | [er bs yx £Oy = LLU) 4 LED HB EI UPL) SF me 2.4 Bid + Gd 4 Th 4 Od ml Babebitest age nee ae G s+ bl) V ed 2 ‘Vortx) = We EUxt) - Ev) ) omg y 2 2 xt poe - @® - C14 G4 94 16425436) rey = a 49 = 35 6 4 v Va [B27 wate nm x2 When we poll 2dree and add them, v= get areselt fron 2 de 12: 2(3/4(5 6| X = the sum oF outcomes 4] eae | fo [Abo ar ns ig 2 | FA-b \ | 8 ener tad s[als 6 [Fl] F197) Cleat, "oa tev | Aiello] FFL 7)! ley tkey te ccm, Sell si giioi UQ" fhe most frequen a Se = value Ee x EO = DPT EI + (2£ (tz) C 22% 2b 48:5 % th eg 9 Ghd mt Be + Fs aa, Ge mt ee led =e dy, Scanned with CamScannerEx 4.50 For a lakoratory Assignment jig tHe equipment is working, the density of the observed outcome 2ZU-x) , o negative cov. | (x=Mx) CY-My) (Xp. Cr-Ay) ee £= Foca es ae xt , gt S Xty yy Wiorning + The covarione only describes te linear celahorship between Fabel cardom voriables. oes Xod Y Bees ERE alee YEO. care statistreelly independent 2 “Fil figs GUPK?) gaat Cute) ° - X ord Y oe independent th ey meng have a nonlinear pete er Scanned with CamScanneris EUs Dx.gar = CO gd¢ o.gine gids -L3 40Ee! Coverance Ex: The Fort pdg of COSY) is ghen by morginal furctiors of X ond y- x sN(eet 0 { =| ‘ly ee "5 ° ‘ig O 4/5 1 173 ugg a) Find Cov(x 7) b) Ace X md Y independent ? Soluiog . We need te gnd x | hy) EZ J 2/5 3/3 goal 3/y 7 fly =END= Dy shly) = (1 HUDF O-bl2) 44-6) ea; Gz fig +0 443 =O CAL x1 (x “4 (Gp) Fo) (I It 24. xy f Oy) 2 XN LOG) +X Disc tp On) = ENC. PL-t-) +0 41 fee +0 a ‘ “3 o+° +e ed-I) +o F441 OU) 3 Psi, Scanned with CamScanner -3=0 gz50 ~Cov(% 20. b) Ace X od Y independent ? Covlx Yeo dees act imply thet XIY are independent We need to check ? Py) S glxiblyy for my xX ad ¥ Mate EXE Se ge a N= 2b fl-v-02 4 anc ges 7 ren 3 Clery, Lo 2d So Xod Y are dependent. a CEG CER Oo ne i sae ne Lae eee Oy Correlation Coegpicient xy measures both the strength and direction of He linece relationship between two varsobles Yr Y a Oe — ga-! 1—__s, ; as X increases, Y ierecses TOs ee #) te Cinverse “relation ) > x 320d UEORPERE citeliva les Scanned with CamScannerCorrelation exomple Ex: Suppoe thot x edeye eee tie following JT oink Probability mass porches! fixy| 4 2 3 [ %| "4 | o rp of ml ‘coe pas Ovluligs. We need lor pid gr and ly) - See we fivy) | 4 2 3 | hly) 4 Vg | 1g °o 14, 9 2 ° Wg} Gg th gw Ny UU, Mg A Mxe Dx yw = 1.gG)+ 2.glr)43 gl3) =14 +2 Brsver “ a ee My = L9 hig) = thers PH) aA A eS = Vente Elx) = Boy 4 =e a 2 x4 gtx) - o Bee Vik anv MeO = ; Ve (Ye V22 Crt) -Ecw's Ly*hy -@) Sxv= Cov (XY) Ve. Sy Scanned with CamScannerCovl%yy= DY (Ms) Ay) £9) ey " Ted. ran sgeay tty K SED 2 (xo2) A= 3) FA) + (4-2) (2-3 ) OP? n (t-2).(~4) F Us) 4 (1-29 (4) # ON2) ara +0 46-2) (-4) Flan 4-2) 4404-7) ag. St web dy 4 Weyes bad = § we ° a4 Ae = Cov ly ¥) - G4 = wO,F in Sj pas 2 ve Vy a reult » X ad Y ee positrely, liveorly corcelated , = but not pergectly se. Scanned with CamScannerChebyshev's Theorem Gs puke a Atk.G will assume re probability hah ony randen voriable X CaS OR orale Ge aatiens of He meen is at leat 1- in 7 thek is, PU pekRv Xe MT) > ee Pike AMP REY 7% 4 pwhece le>1 L2 Note that ty vsing © (a1 XSAl SEV) a ; Ei A codew voroble K ba a mem M=3 pa vosoe ts Complement, We have | VR, od an unknown probatility — dihstuttoa. Find a) Pl-4ex<20) bo) Pl Ix] 96) Solvhrea 4) PC -4cxerzo) i fue tn Fri 8 57) a PU A-EVC Ke MeL TD ) Me ev= 8 +34 =>20 by Chebyshev Te, PC AoE Pex eek) 2 loos ey Pl-4¢x<¢2)y {ode de ap le Scanned with CamScannery) Pl Ix-31%6) =7 Solute E, P( 1x-31%6) bias LVs¢ = b.3-6= p=2] pC 1x-plz eo) By Cheyer? PC xyes) PUx-sissdet y 7 we Solution Bs PLIx B26) <1 PL Ixtl tea CChetyhevs Theo) / be skzto>fk=2) Pl docxese > pred ge2 Cs) me aie Scanned with CamScanner