Yr 10 Maths Foundation Area

MathsPad
Topic Booklet - GCSE Foundation
Perimeter & Area
Contents
A Perimeter
B Perimeter: algebraic expressions
C L - shapes: missing lengths
D Perimeter: combining congruent rectangles
E Perimeter: mixed questions
F Types of quadrilaterals
G Area of rectangles
H Identifying perpendicular lengths
I Area of triangles 1
J Area of triangles 2
K Area of parallelograms
L Area of trapeziums
M Area of compound shapes
N Related areas
O Mixed area problems
Prerequisite knowledge: Related:

> Converting metric units > Circles: circumference & area
> Expressions and equations > Surface area & volume
Page 1 www.MathsPad.co.uk
A Perimeter
Learn by heart
The perimeter of a shape is the total length of all of its sides.
Examples
1. Work out the perimeter of the 2. Work out the perimeter of a regular
parallelogram. hexagon with sides of length 15mm.
The sides of a
2cm 3cm regular shape
6 × 15 = 90
all have the
6cm Perimeter = 90cm same length.
6 + 3 + 6 + 3 = 18
Perimeter = 18cm
3. Work out the perimeter of the kite. 4. The triangle has a perimeter of 14m.
Work out the value of x.
3cm
8mm Make sure the 14 - 2 × 4
units match. 4m = 14 - 8
= 6
8 + 8 + 30 + 30 = 76 xm
x = 6
Perimeter = 76mm (or 7.6cm)
Exercise
1. Work out the perimeter of each shape:

a) b) c)
4m
2m
4cm
3cm 5m 9cm
d) e) f)
8mm
10mm 10cm
6cm
8cm 1.2cm
16mm
2. Work out the perimeter of a regular octagon with side lengths of 4cm.
a) b) c)
0.3m 0.25m
0.7cm 1.4cm
0.15m 0.2m
1.4cm 0.55m 2.6cm
4. What has been done wrong in the calculations for the perimeter of these shapes?
a) b)
2cm
5cm 4cm
8mm
9cm
8 + 2 + 2 = 12 5 + 5 + 4 + 8 + 8 = 30
Perimeter = 12cm Perimeter = 30cm
5. Work out the perimeter of each shape.
a) b) 60mm c)
1.1m
5cm 35mm 1.4m
90cm
80cm
6. These shapes all have a perimeter of 24cm. Work out the value of x in each case.
a) b) x cm c)
6cm x cm
4cm
9cm
x cm 5 cm
5cm
d) e) f)
6.5cm
x cm
3.5cm 5.5cm
3 cm
x cm x cm
7. A regular hexagon has a perimeter of 1.8m.

Work out the length of each side of the hexagon, in centimetres.
8. Two sides of an isosceles triangle have lengths of 4cm and 7cm.

Work out the two possible perimeters this shape could have.
Examples
Add the expressions, then
1. Find an expression for the perimeter of the triangle:
simplify by collecting like terms.
3x + 2y
3x + 2y + 3x + 2y + 4x - y
Perimeter = 10x + 3y
4x - y
The horizontal sides have equal lengths,

2. The diagram shows a rectangle. so you can form an equation with them.
a) Work out the value of x
3x - 2 = x + 8 3x - 2
2x - 2 = 8
2x - 4
2x = 10
x = 5 x+8
b) Work out the perimeter of the rectangle.
Substitute x to find
Longer sides: x+ 8 = 5 + 8 the side lengths.
= 13
Shorter sides: 2x - 4 = 2 × 5 - 4 Perimeter = 13 + 13 + 6 + 6
= 6 = 38
Exercise
1. Find an expression for the perimeter of each shape:

a) b) c)
3x 3y + 2
2x + 5
y
4x + 2 2x - y
d) e) 2x - y f)
5x - 3 3y - x
2x
5x - 2y
x + 2y
2. Work out the value of x for each shape.
a) 3x + 4 b) c)
2x + 3
3x
2x 2x - 2
10 x +6 x +8
3. The diagram shows a rectangle. 5x - 1
a) Work out the value of x 2x + 7 4x + 1

4. The diagram shows a pentagon.

3x - 2
4x - 3
b) Work out the perimeter of the pentagon. x +6
5. Each of these shapes have a perimeter of 20cm.

Work out the value of x for each shape.
a) b) 2x - 3 c) x -2
2x + 3
x +2
4x - 1
6. The diagram shows a rectangle. 4a - 3
a) Work out the value of a 3b a +2

b) Work out the value of b
3a + 1
7. The diagram shows a kite. 3x + 2 x + y

b) Work out the value of y
5x - 4 3y - 1
8. Each of these regular shapes has a perimeter of 24x - 12

Work out an expression for the side length of each shape.
a) b) c)
The shapes in this
C L - shapes: missing lengths section only contain
angles of 90° and 270°.
Example
Look at the horizontal and
vertical sides separately.
Work out the missing side lengths:
2 2
Horizontal Vertical
sides: sides:
4 4
6 6
7 7
___ 3
___
___ 8
___
The shorter lengths add to

make the longer length.
Exercise
1. For each shape, work out the missing lengths.
__
a) b) c) __
__ 3
2
5
d) 4 e) f) 8
10
3 4
3
__ __ 10
5 __
3
8 4
g) h) 2 i)
__
__
3 3
7
9 __
__ 5 5 4
4
__
6 12
__
examples
1. The following shapes are made by putting together identical x

copies of the rectangle shown. Work out the perimeter of each. y
a) b) x+y c) x+y
x-y
x - 2y
P = 2x + 4y P = 4x + 2y P = 4x + 3y
2. Five identical small rectangles are put together

to form a large rectangle as shown.
The large rectangle has a perimeter of 36

Work out the perimeter of each small rectangle.
4x
Large rectangle:
x Small rectangle:
Perimeter = 18x
Perimeter = 10x
Small rectangles: 18x = 36
length = 4 × width = 20
x= 2
exercise
7cm
1. Each of the following shapes are made by putting together
two or more identical copies of the rectangle to the right.
4cm
Work out the perimeter of each shape.
a) b) c)
d) e)
2. Each of the following shapes are made by putting together x
y
Work out a simplified expression for the perimeter of each shape.
a) b)
c) d)
3. Rectangle A has a width of 2cm. Rectangle A

Four identical copies of rectangle A are arranged
to make rectangle B, as shown in the diagram. 2cm
a) Work out the length of the longer side of rectangle A. Rectangle B
b) Work out the perimeter of rectangle A.
c) Work out the perimeter of rectangle B.
4. A large rectangle is made by joining three identical smaller

rectangles, as shown.
The large rectangle has a perimeter of 40cm.

Work out the length and width of each smaller rectangle.
5. A square with perimeter 24cm is split into three identical rectangles, which are then
arranged to make the shape X in the diagram. Work out the perimeter of shape X.
Shape X
Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = ___cm
1. The symmetries of each shape are given.

a) 4cm b) c)
6cm 5m 2m
3cm
9cm 8cm
one line of symmetry two lines of symmetry rotational symmetry

of order 3
2. An allotment is in the shape of a rectangle, as shown.

6m
Alfie wishes to put up fence panels all around the allotment.
Each fence panel is 1.5 metres wide and costs £18.50
15m
Work out the total cost for enough fence panels to cover the
perimeter of the allotment.
3. The square and the regular pentagon have equal perimeters.

The square has a side length of 10cm. Work out the side length of the pentagon.
10cm
___cm
4. A rectangle with perimeter 32cm and an equilateral triangle with perimeter 18cm are
joined together to form a pentagon as shown. Work out the perimeter of the pentagon.
Perimeter = 32cm Perimeter = 18cm Perimeter = ____cm
5. An isosceles triangle with perimeter 24cm and a square with perimeter 24cm are
Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = ____cm
6. Use the given information to work out the length and width of each rectangle.
a) b) c)
___cm ___cm ___cm
___cm ___cm
___cm
The perimeter is 20cm. The perimeter is 24cm. The perimeter is 30cm.

The length is 2cm more The length is three The width is half of
than the width. times the width. the length.
A B
7. The diagram shows an isosceles trapezium ABCD.
DC is twice as long as AB. 3cm

The perimeter of the trapezium is 12cm.
Work out the length of AB.
D C
8. The hexagon shown contains angles of 90° and 270° only. 4
a) Work out an expression for the perimeter of the hexagon. 3

x
6
b) Given that the perimeter is 30, work out the value of x
3
9. Two large squares and six small squares are arranged to

form a rectangle, as shown.
The rectangle has perimeter 80cm.
Work out the perimeter of one large square.
10. In each case, rectangle X has one or more parts removed to make shape Y.
Is the perimeter of Y smaller, the same, or larger than the perimeter of X?
a) b)
X Y X Y
c) d)
Y Y
X X
Exercise
1. Identify the type of each quadrilateral. There are 3 of each type.
Record your answers in the table.
Square
Rectangle
B C
A Parallelogram
Trapezium
Kite
E F Rhombus
D
J
K
G H I
M
L
N R
O
P Q
2. Identify the type of each quadrilateral. There are 2 of each type (square, rectangle,
parallelogram, trapezium, kite and rhombus).
D
A
C F
B
G
J
K L M
H
G Area: rectangles
Learn by heart
A shape's area is amount of space inside it.
Area is measured in square units, such as cm2 , m2 and mm2 .
The area of a rectangle can be calculated as its length multiplied by its width.
examples
1. Work out the area of the rectangle: 2. Work out the area of the rectangle:
Opposite sides
First, make sure have equal length:
the units match 4x
4x = x + 9
1.2cm 1.2cm = 12mm x+9
3x = 9
x
Area = 12 × 6 x= 3
6mm = 72mm2 Side lengths are 3 and 12
(or 0.72cm2 ) Area = 3 × 12 = 36
exercise
1. Work out the area of each rectangle:
a) b) c)
3cm
1m
5cm 40cm
8mm
2. Each of these rectangles has an area of 24cm2 . Work out the missing values.
a) b) c)
6cm 3cm 1.5cm

___cm
___cm ___cm
3. These shapes are made up of a rectangle with a smaller rectangle removed.

Work out the shaded areas.
a) b)
3cm
4cm 5cm 2cm
2cm
9cm 8cm
4. Draw a rectangle on each grid matching the given information:
a) Area = 12 b) Area = 24 c) Area = 18
length = 3 × width Perimeter = 20 1
length = 4 2 × width
d) Area = 48 e) Area = 36 f) Area = 60

width =
2
of length Perimeter = 24 length : width = 5 : 3
3
5. A square has a perimeter of 20cm. Work out its area.
6. A square has an area of 64cm. Work out its perimeter.
7. A square has a side length of 3x cm and an area of 36cm2 .

Work out the value of x. 3x cm
8. The area of the rectangle shown is 18cm2 . 2a + 1

Work out the value of b.
b
4a - 7
9. A rectangular bathroom wall has a length of 2.4m
and a height of 1.8m.
Jason is going to cover the wall with square tiles

which have a side length of 15cm. 1.8m
The tiles are only sold in packs of 20.

Each pack costs £18.50 2.4m
Work out the total cost of the tiles that Jason will need to buy.
Learn by heart
Lines that are perpendicular meet at right angles.
examples
Each pair of lines are perpendicular:
c e
h
a d f
b
g
If line c is
extended, it will
If g is the base of the
meet d at 90°.
triangle, h is the
exercise perpendicular height.
1. Find 9 pairs of lines that are not perpendicular.
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
2. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each right - angled triangle:
a) b) t c)
q
x y
p s
r u
z
3. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each triangle:

a) b) c) j
x
p q k
h z l
w y
m
r
d) b e) f) q
m
a d n p r
c o
p s
g) t h) i)
x a
b
s w y c
u
z d
j) k) l)
a
w y
m c x
n d
b
z
p
m) n) o)
f c
s
g
t a b
u d
h r
i
The 'base' and 'height' used
must be perpendicular.
Learn by heart
The area of a triangle is half of its base multiplied by its perpendicular height.
examples
Find the area of each triangle:
a) 5 b) c)
3 4
4
5
4
1 1
Area = 2
×5×4 Area = 2
×3×5 Area = 1
×4×4
2
=5 = 7.5 =8
d) e) The 7m and 5m lengths

8cm 7m are perpendicular
17cm 6m
Area = 1
× 8 × 15 5m Area = 1
×7×5
2 2
15cm = 60cm2 = 17.5m2
exercise
1. Work out the area of each triangle on the square grid:
a) b) c) e)
f)
d)
2. Work out the area of each triangle:

a) b) 5cm c)
3m 6cm 8cm
5m
13cm 12cm
4m 10cm
a) b) d)
c)
e)

a) b) c)
10cm
10mm 8mm 7cm
6cm 6cm
8cm
5mm
d) 5cm e) f)
7cm
10m
6cm
5m
4cm 8cm 5cm

8m
a) b) c) d)

a) b) 8cm c)
5m
10cm
7cm 7cm
8m
4m
6cm
9cm
Examples
1. An isosceles right - angled triangle has 2. ABC is an isosceles triangle.

side lengths of 2n as shown. y
5
Point A is (1, 1)
The area of the triangle is 50 4
B
Work out the value of n Point B is (1, 3) 3
1 2n 2
Area = 2
× 2n × 2n Point C lies on C
1
= 1
× 4n2
the line x = 4 A x
2 1 2 3 4 5
2n
= 2n2 a) Draw the triangle on the grid.
2n2 = 50 b) Work out the area of the triangle.

n2 = 25 1
n = -5 is also a solution Area = ×2× 3 = 3
n= 5 2
to n 2 = 25, but lengths
cannot be negative.
Exercise
1. The area of the square is 3 times the area of the triangle.

3cm x cm
8cm
2. The diagram shows a triangle and a rectangle.

The area of the rectangle is 4 times the
6cm
area of the triangle.
10cm x cm
Work out the value of x
3. A triangle has a base length of 8cm an area of 16cm2 .

Which of the following is the height of the triangle? ?
a) 1cm b) 2cm c) 3cm d) 4cm
8cm
4. A right - angled triangle has side lengths of 2x and 3x as shown.

The triangle has an area of 18 2x
Work out the value of x 3x
5. A triangle has a base length of 8u and a perpendicular
height of 3u, as shown. The triangle has an area of 48
3u
Work out the value of u
8u
6. Work out the area of each kite or rhombus on the square grids by first splitting them into
two triangles.
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
7. ABC is an isosceles triangle. y

8
7
A is the point (3, 1)
6
B is the point (7, 1)
5
C is a point on the line y = 6
4
3
a) Draw the triangle ABC on the coordinate grid. 2
1
b) Work out the area of the triangle. x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8. ABC is a right - angled triangle. y

4
3
A is the point (-2, 3) 2
B is the point (-2, -2) 1
C is on the line with equation x = 1 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
a) Draw the triangle ABC on the coordinate grid. -2
-3
b) Work out the area of the triangle. -4
K Area: parallelograms
1. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each parallelogram:

a) b) c)
r s z k
x j
t y l
d) e) f)
c p
f h
b r
g q
a
2. Work out the area of each parallelogram on the square grid:
a) b) c) d)
3. Work out the area of each parallelogram:

a) b) c)
2.5m 5cm
5cm
4cm 3cm
3.5m
15mm
6cm
3m
4. The area of the parallelogram is 6 times the area of the triangle.

Work out the value of h
9cm
6cm
h cm
4cm
L Area: trapeziums
1. Complete the statement for each trapezium:
a) b) c)
b b q
p
a h c c
a s
r t
d d
Lengths ___ and ___ Lengths ___ and ___ Lengths ___ and ___
are parallel and are are parallel and are are parallel and are
perpendicular to ___ perpendicular to ___ perpendicular to ___
d) e) f)
w k a
b
x j
n c
y l
z m
d
Lengths ___ and ___ Lengths ___ and ___ Lengths ___ and ___
perpendicular to ___ perpendicular to ___ perpendicular to ___
2. Work out the area of each trapezium on the square grid:
a) b) c) d)
3. Work out the area of each trapezium:

a) b) 5m c) 12cm
7cm
12cm
2cm 2.5cm 7m
3cm
4m 13cm
5cm 7cm
6m
Examples
1. Work out the area of this shape. 2. Work out the area of the shaded part of
11m the rectangle.
3m 10cm
7m
Split into two 5cm

rectangles 3cm
6m
4cm
3m
Shaded area =
7m 5m rectangle area - triangle area
1
Area = 7 × 6 + 3 × 5 Area = 10 × 5 - × 4 ×3
6m 2
= 50 - 6
= 42 + 15
= 57m2 = 46cm2
Exercise
1. Work out the area of each shape.
a) 2cm b) 12cm c) 2cm
5cm
6cm 7cm
10cm 10cm 7cm
5cm
3cm
8cm 9cm 8cm
2. Each of these shapes has been made by combining two smaller shapes.
Work out the area of each.
a) b) 4cm c) 8cm
3cm
4cm
7cm
9cm
3cm 4cm
8cm 8cm 4cm

A rectangle A trapezium A rectangle and
and a triangle and a square a parallelogram
3. In each diagram, part of a rectangle is shaded. Work out the shaded areas.
a) 9cm b) 4cm
5cm 6cm
3cm 4cm
6cm 9cm
c) 12cm d) 3cm 4cm
3cm
9cm
7cm
5cm
9cm 7cm 6cm
e) f) 4cm
9cm
6cm
5cm
3cm 5cm 3cm
4. Work out the area of each of these shapes on a square grid:
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
N Related areas
Examples
Side lengths Side lengths
Side lengths ×6 ×3
×2
Area
×4 Area Area
× 36 ×9
Exercise
1. The sides of square B are 3 times the length of the sides of square A.
How many times larger is the area of square B than square A? B
a) 3 b) 4 c) 8 d) 9 A
2. The area of the larger square is 4 times the

x cm
area of the smaller square.
4cm
Work out the value of x
3. The diagram shows 5 identical small squares inside a large square.
What fraction of the large square is shaded?
4. The sides of square B are twice the length of the B

sides of square A. A
Jo says 'The shaded areas are equal.'
Show that Jo is wrong.
1
5. The area of the smaller square is 16
of the area of the
larger square. x cm
Work out the value of x 3cm
6. For each square, the vertices and midpoints of the sides are marked with a dot.
What fraction of each square is shaded?
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)

1. Work out the area of each shape:
a) b) 3cm c) 4cm
5m 10cm
4m 8cm 7cm
6cm
6m
5cm
d) e) f)
9cm 1cm
11cm
3cm
5cm 9cm 4mm
6cm 5cm
matching activity
Match each shape with an expression for its area.
A B C
w
y
y
z x x
z
x z
y
D E F
x
y w x w
x z
y
z y z
G H I
x
y w x
x y
z
z
J K L
x w
w
w
x x
y y
z y
M 1 N O P 1
2
xy 0.5(x + z)y wy 2
(w + y)z
Q R (w + y)x S T
xz xy 0.5yz
2
U 1 V xz W X
wy yz x2
2 2
A B C D E F G H I J K L
MathsPad
Topic Booklet - GCSE Foundation
Perimeter & Area

ANSWERS
Contents
A Perimeter
C L - shapes: missing lengths
G Area of rectangles
K Area of parallelograms
L Area of trapeziums
N Related areas
Prerequisite knowledge: Related:

> Converting metric units > Circles: circumference & area
> Expressions and equations > Surface area & volume
Page 1 Answers www.MathsPad.co.uk

A Perimeter
Learn by heart
The perimeter of a shape is the total length of all of its sides.
Examples
1. Work out the perimeter of the 2. Work out the perimeter of a regular
parallelogram. hexagon with sides of length 15mm.
The sides of a
2cm 3cm regular shape
6 × 15 = 90
all have the
6cm Perimeter = 90cm same length.
6 + 3 + 6 + 3 = 18
Perimeter = 18cm
3. Work out the perimeter of the kite. 4. The triangle has a perimeter of 14m.
3cm
8mm Make sure the 14 - 2 × 4
units match. 4m = 14 - 8
= 6
8 + 8 + 30 + 30 = 76 xm
x = 6
Perimeter = 76mm (or 7.6cm)
Exercise

a) b) c)
4m
2m
4cm
3cm 5m 9cm
12cm 11m
d) e) f) 26cm
8mm
10mm 10cm
6cm
8cm 1.2cm
16mm 44mm 24cm
4.8cm
2. Work out the perimeter of a regular octagon with side lengths of 4cm. 32cm

a) b) c)
0.3m 0.25m
0.7cm 1.4cm
0.15m 0.2m
1.4cm 0.55m 2.6cm
4.2cm 1.45m 8cm
4. What has been done wrong in the calculations for the perimeter of these shapes?
a) b)
2cm
5cm 4cm
8mm
9cm
The units do 8 + 2 + 2 = 12 5 + 5 + 4 + 8 + 8 = 30
not match. Perimeter = 12cm Perimeter = 30cm
The 4cm length should not be included.
5. Work out the perimeter of each shape.
a) b) 60mm c)
1.1m
5cm 35mm 1.4m
3.8m
4.6m
90cm
80cm or
14.5cm or 145mm or
380cm
460cm
6. These shapes all have a perimeter of 24cm. Work out the value of x in each case.
a) b) x cm c)
6cm x cm
4cm
9cm
x cm 5 cm
5cm
x =9 x =6 x =7
d) e) f)
6.5cm
x cm
3.5cm 5.5cm
3 cm
x cm x cm
x = 8.5 x = 4.8 x =6
7. A regular hexagon has a perimeter of 1.8m.

Work out the length of each side of the hexagon, in centimetres. 30cm
8. Two sides of an isosceles triangle have lengths of 4cm and 7cm.

Work out the two possible perimeters this shape could have. 15cm and 18cm

Examples
Add the expressions, then
1. Find an expression for the perimeter of the triangle:
simplify by collecting like terms.
3x + 2y
3x + 2y + 3x + 2y + 4x - y
Perimeter = 10x + 3y
4x - y
The horizontal sides have equal lengths,

2. The diagram shows a rectangle. so you can form an equation with them.
3x - 2 = x + 8 3x - 2
2x - 2 = 8
2x - 4
2x = 10
x = 5 x+8
Substitute x to find
Longer sides: x+ 8 = 5 + 8 the side lengths.
= 13
Shorter sides: 2x - 4 = 2 × 5 - 4 Perimeter = 13 + 13 + 6 + 6
= 6 = 38
Exercise
1. Find an expression for the perimeter of each shape:

a) b) c)
3x 3y + 2
2x + 5
y
4x + 2 2x - y
P = 9x + 7 P = 8y + 4 P = 12x - 6y
d) e) 2x - y f)
5x - 3 3y - x
2x
5x - 2y
x + 2y
P = 20x - 12 P = 7x + 4y P = 6x + y

2. Work out the value of x for each shape.
a) 3x + 4 b) c)
2x + 3
3x
2x 2x - 2
10 3x + 4 = 10 x + 6 3x = x + 6
x =2 x =3 2x + 3 = x + 8x + 8
x =5
3. The diagram shows a rectangle. 5x - 1
2x + 7 = 4x + 1
a) Work out the value of x 2x + 7 4x + 1
x =3
b) Work out the perimeter of the rectangle. 50
4. The diagram shows a pentagon.

3x - 2
3x - 2 = x + 6
a) Work out the value of x x =4 4x - 3
b) Work out the perimeter of the pentagon. 59 x +6
5. Each of these shapes have a perimeter of 20cm.

Work out the value of x for each shape.
a) b) 2x - 3 c) x -2
2x + 3
x +2
8x + 4 = 20 8x - 12 = 20 4x = 20
4x - 1 x =2 x =4 x =5
6. The diagram shows a rectangle. 4a - 3

4a - 3 = 3a + 1
a) Work out the value of a a= 4 3b a +2
b) Work out the value of b 3b = a + 2
b= 2 3a + 1
7. The diagram shows a kite. 3x + 2 x + y

3x + 2 = 5x - 4
a) Work out the value of x x =3
b) Work out the value of y x + y = 3y - 1
y =2 5x - 4 3y - 1
8. Each of these regular shapes has a perimeter of 24x - 12

Work out an expression for the side length of each shape.
a) b) c)
8x - 4 6x - 3
4x - 2

The shapes in this
C L - shapes: missing lengths section only contain
angles of 90° and 270°.
Example
Look at the horizontal and
vertical sides separately.
Work out the missing side lengths:
2 2
Horizontal Vertical
sides: sides:
4 4
6 6
7 7
___ 3
___
___ 8
___
The shorter lengths add to

make the longer length.
Exercise
1. For each shape, work out the missing lengths.
__
7
a) b) c) __
6
3
__
2 3
5
d) 4 e) f) 8
10
3 4
3
4
__ 8
__ 10
5 6
__
3
8 4
g) h) 2 i)
6
__
11
__
3 3
7 7
9 __
7
__ 5 5 4
4
__
2
6 12
7
__

examples
1. The following shapes are made by putting together identical x

copies of the rectangle shown. Work out the perimeter of each. y
a) b) x+y c) x+y
x-y
x - 2y
P = 2x + 4y P = 4x + 2y P = 4x + 3y
2. Five identical small rectangles are put together

to form a large rectangle as shown.
The large rectangle has a perimeter of 36

Work out the perimeter of each small rectangle.
4x
Large rectangle:
x Small rectangle:
Perimeter = 18x
Perimeter = 10x
Small rectangles: 18x = 36
length = 4 × width = 20
x= 2
exercise
7cm
1. Each of the following shapes are made by putting together
4cm
a) b) c)
36cm 30cm
36cm
d) e)
50cm 38cm

2. Each of the following shapes are made by putting together x
y
Work out a simplified expression for the perimeter of each shape.
a) b)
4x + 4y 4x + 2y
c) d)
8x + 2y 6x
3. Rectangle A has a width of 2cm. Rectangle A

Four identical copies of rectangle A are arranged
to make rectangle B, as shown in the diagram. 2cm
a) Work out the length of the longer side of rectangle A. Rectangle B

6cm
b) Work out the perimeter of rectangle A. 16cm
c) Work out the perimeter of rectangle B. 28cm
4. A large rectangle is made by joining three identical smaller

rectangles, as shown.
8cm by 4cm
The large rectangle has a perimeter of 40cm.
Work out the length and width of each smaller rectangle.
5. A square with perimeter 24cm is split into three identical rectangles, which are then
arranged to make the shape X in the diagram. Work out the perimeter of shape X.
Shape X
Each rectangle
Perimeter = 24cm 40
Perimeter = ___cm
is 2cm by 6cm

1. The symmetries of each shape are given.

a) 4cm b) c)
6cm 5m 2m
3cm
9cm 8cm 21m
29cm 28cm
one line of symmetry two lines of symmetry rotational symmetry
of order 3
2. An allotment is in the shape of a rectangle, as shown.

6m
Alfie wishes to put up fence panels all around the allotment.
Each fence panel is 1.5 metres wide and costs £18.50
15m
Work out the total cost for enough fence panels to cover the
perimeter of the allotment. Perimeter = 42m
Panels required = 28 Cost: £518
3. The square and the regular pentagon have equal perimeters.
The square has a side length of 10cm. Work out the side length of the pentagon.
10cm
8
___cm
4. A rectangle with perimeter 32cm and an equilateral triangle with perimeter 18cm are
Perimeter = 32cm Perimeter = 18cm 38

Perimeter = ____cm
5. An isosceles triangle with perimeter 24cm and a square with perimeter 24cm are
Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = 24cm 36

Perimeter = ____cm

6. Use the given information to work out the length and width of each rectangle.
a) b) c)
4
___cm 3
___cm 5
___cm
9
___cm 10
___cm
6
___cm
The perimeter is 20cm. The perimeter is 24cm. The perimeter is 30cm.

The length is 2cm more The length is three The width is half of
than the width. times the width. the length.
A B
7. The diagram shows an isosceles trapezium ABCD.
DC is twice as long as AB. 3cm

The perimeter of the trapezium is 12cm.
Work out the length of AB. 2cm
D C
8. The hexagon shown contains angles of 90° and 270° only. 4
a) Work out an expression for the perimeter of the hexagon. 3

x
2x + 20 6
b) Given that the perimeter is 30, work out the value of x
3
x =5
9. Two large squares and six small squares are arranged to

form a rectangle, as shown.
The rectangle has perimeter 80cm.
Work out the perimeter of one large square. 48cm
10. In each case, rectangle X has one or more parts removed to make shape Y.
Is the perimeter of Y smaller, the same, or larger than the perimeter of X?
a) b)
X Y X Y
smaller same
c) d)
Y Y
X X
larger same
Exercise
1. Identify the type of each quadrilateral. There are 3 of each type.
Record your answers in the table.
Square A L O
Rectangle F K N
B C
A Parallelogram E I K
Trapezium B P R
Kite D H M
E F Rhombus C G Q
D
J
K
G H I
M
L
N R
O
P Q
2. Identify the type of each quadrilateral. There are 2 of each type (square, rectangle,
parallelogram, trapezium, kite and rhombus).
D
A Trapezium
C F
B
Parallelogram Rectangle Rectangle
Rhombus E
Rhombus
G
J
K L M
H
Kite
Trapezium Square Kite Parallelogram
Square

G Area: rectangles
Learn by heart
A shape's area is amount of space inside it.
Area is measured in square units, such as cm2 , m2 and mm2 .
The area of a rectangle can be calculated as its length multiplied by its width.
examples
1. Work out the area of the rectangle: 2. Work out the area of the rectangle:
Opposite sides
First, make sure have equal length:
the units match 4x
4x = x + 9
1.2cm 1.2cm = 12mm x+9
3x = 9
x
Area = 12 × 6 x= 3
6mm = 72mm2 Side lengths are 3 and 12
(or 0.72cm2 ) Area = 3 × 12 = 36
exercise
1. Work out the area of each rectangle:
a) b) 4000cm2 c)
or 0.4m2
3cm
15cm2 1m
5cm 40cm 64mm2
8mm
2. Each of these rectangles has an area of 24cm2 . Work out the missing values.
a) b) c)
6cm 3cm 1.5cm

16
___cm
4
___cm 8
___cm
3. These shapes are made up of a rectangle with a smaller rectangle removed.

Work out the shaded areas.
a) b)
3cm
4cm 5cm 2cm
2cm
9cm 30cm2 8cm 36cm2

4. Draw a rectangle on each grid matching the given information:
a) Area = 12 b) Area = 24 c) Area = 18
length = 3 × width Perimeter = 20 1
length = 4 2 × width
2 4 2
6 9
6
d) Area = 48 e) Area = 36 f) Area = 60

width =
2
of length Perimeter = 24 length : width = 5 : 3
3
6 6 6
8 6 10
5. A square has a perimeter of 20cm. Work out its area. 25cm2
6. A square has an area of 64cm. Work out its perimeter. 32cm
7. A square has a side length of 3x cm and an area of 36cm2 .

Work out the value of x. 3x cm
x =2
8. The area of the rectangle shown is 18cm2 . 2a + 1

Work out the value of b. (a = 4)
b
b= 2
4a - 7
9. A rectangular bathroom wall has a length of 2.4m
and a height of 1.8m.
Jason is going to cover the wall with square tiles

which have a side length of 15cm. 1.8m
192 tiles required
The tiles are only sold in packs of 20. 10 packs
Each pack costs £18.50 £185 2.4m
Work out the total cost of the tiles that Jason will need to buy.

Learn by heart
Lines that are perpendicular meet at right angles.
examples
Each pair of lines are perpendicular:
c e
h
a d f
b
g
If line c is
extended, it will
If g is the base of the
meet d at 90°.
triangle, h is the
exercise perpendicular height.
1. Find 9 pairs of lines that are not perpendicular.
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T

2. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each right - angled triangle:
a) b) t c)
q
x y
p s
r u
z
p and r s and t x and y
3. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each triangle:

a) b) c) j
x
p q k
h z l
w y
m
r r and h x and z j and l
d) b e) f) q
m
a d n p r
c o
p s
a and b o and p p and r
g) t h) i)
x a
b
s w y c
u
z d
t and u x and y
b and c
j) k) l)
a
w y
m c x
n d
b
z
p
n and p a and d w and y
m) n) o)
f c
s
g
t a b
u d
h r
i
i and f t and r a and c

The 'base' and 'height' used
must be perpendicular.
Learn by heart
The area of a triangle is half of its base multiplied by its perpendicular height.
examples
Find the area of each triangle:
a) 5 b) c)
3 4
4
5
4
1 1
Area = 2
×5×4 Area = 2
×3×5 Area = 1
×4×4
2
=5 = 7.5 =8
d) e) The 7m and 5m lengths

8cm 7m are perpendicular
17cm 6m
Area = 1
× 8 × 15 5m Area = 1
×7×5
2 2
15cm = 60cm2 = 17.5m2
exercise
a) b) c) e)
9 8 20
f)
10 d) 13.5
4.5

a) b) 5cm c)
3m 6cm 8cm
5m
13cm 12cm
4m 10cm
6m2 30cm2 24cm2

a) b) d)
10 c) 17.5
12 10.5 e)
5

a) b) c)
10cm
10mm 8mm 7cm
6cm 6cm
8cm
30cm2 5mm 72mm2 21cm2
d) 5cm e) f)
7cm
10m
6cm
5m
4cm 15cm2 8cm 5cm

8m 25m2
17.5cm2
a) b) c) d)
6
6 10.5
10

a) b) 8cm c)
5m
10cm
7cm 7cm
8m
4m
6cm
21cm2 9cm
28cm2 10m2

Examples
1. An isosceles right - angled triangle has 2. ABC is an isosceles triangle.

side lengths of 2n as shown. y
5
Point A is (1, 1)
The area of the triangle is 50 4
B
Work out the value of n Point B is (1, 3) 3
1 2n 2
Area = 2
× 2n × 2n Point C lies on C
1
= 1
× 4n2
the line x = 4 A x
2 1 2 3 4 5
2n
= 2n2 a) Draw the triangle on the grid.
2n2 = 50 b) Work out the area of the triangle.

n2 = 25 1
n = -5 is also a solution Area = ×2× 3 = 3
n= 5 2
to n 2 = 25, but lengths
cannot be negative.
Exercise
1. The area of the square is 3 times the area of the triangle.

Triangle area = 12
Square area = 36
3cm x cm
x =6
8cm
2. The diagram shows a triangle and a rectangle.

The area of the rectangle is 4 times the
6cm
area of the triangle. Triangle area = 30
Rectangle area = 120
10cm x cm
Work out the value of x x = 20
3. A triangle has a base length of 8cm an area of 16cm2 .

Which of the following is the height of the triangle? ?
a) 1cm b) 2cm c) 3cm d) 4cm
8cm
4. A right - angled triangle has side lengths of 2x and 3x as shown.

The triangle has an area of 18 3x 2 = 18 2x
2
x = 9
Work out the value of x x =3 3x

5. A triangle has a base length of 8u and a perpendicular
height of 3u, as shown. The triangle has an area of 48
12u 2 = 48 3u
Work out the value of u u2 = 4
8u
u =2
6. Work out the area of each kite or rhombus on the square grids by first splitting them into
two triangles.
a) b) c)
18 12 10
d) e) f)
24 28 12
7. ABC is an isosceles triangle. y

8
7
A is the point (3, 1)
6
B is the point (7, 1)
5
C is a point on the line y = 6
4
3
a) Draw the triangle ABC on the coordinate grid. 2
1
b) Work out the area of the triangle. 10 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8. ABC is a right - angled triangle. y

4
There are two 3
A is the point (-2, 3) possible correct 2
B is the point (-2, -2) triangles 1
C is on the line with equation x = 1 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
a) Draw the triangle ABC on the coordinate grid. -2
-3
b) Work out the area of the triangle. 7.5 -4

K Area: parallelograms
1. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each parallelogram:

a) b) c)
r s z k
x j
t y l
x and y l and k
t and r
d) e) f)
c p
f h
b r
g q
g and h a b and c p and r
2. Work out the area of each parallelogram on the square grid:
a) b) c) d)
10
20 12
12
3. Work out the area of each parallelogram:

a) b) c)
2.5m 5cm
5cm
4cm 3cm
3.5m
15mm
6cm 7.5m2
24cm2 3m 4.5cm2 (450mm2 )
4. The area of the parallelogram is 6 times the area of the triangle.

Work out the value of h
Triangle area = 12
9cm Parallelogram area = 72
h = 72 ÷ 9 = 8
6cm
h cm
4cm

L Area: trapeziums
1. Complete the statement for each trapezium:
a) b) c)
b b q
p
a h c c
a s
r t
d d
b and ___
Lengths ___ d a and ___
Lengths ___ c q and ___
Lengths ___ r
h
perpendicular to ___ d
perpendicular to ___ t
perpendicular to ___
d) e) f)
w k a
b
x j
n c
y l
z m
d
w and ___
Lengths ___ z k and ___
Lengths ___ m b and ___
Lengths ___ c
x
perpendicular to ___ n
perpendicular to ___ d
perpendicular to ___
2. Work out the area of each trapezium on the square grid:
a) b) c) d)
16 15 18 20
3. Work out the area of each trapezium:

a) b) 5m c) 12cm
7cm
12cm
2cm 2.5cm 7m
3cm
4m 13cm
5cm 7cm
12cm2 6m 32.5m2 114cm2

Examples
1. Work out the area of this shape. 2. Work out the area of the shaded part of
11m the rectangle.
3m 10cm
7m
Split into two 5cm

rectangles 3cm
6m
4cm
3m
Shaded area =
7m 5m rectangle area - triangle area
1
Area = 7 × 6 + 3 × 5 Area = 10 × 5 - × 4 ×3
6m 2
= 50 - 6
= 42 + 15
= 57m2 = 46cm2
Exercise
1. Work out the area of each shape.
a) 2cm b) 12cm c) 2cm
5cm
6cm 7cm
10cm 10cm 7cm
5cm
3cm
8cm 50cm2 9cm 8cm 26cm2
111cm2
2. Each of these shapes has been made by combining two smaller shapes.
Work out the area of each.
a) b) 4cm c) 8cm
3cm
4cm
7cm
9cm
3cm 4cm
8cm 8cm 4cm

40cm2 40cm2 2
A rectangle A trapezium A rectangle and 48cm
and a triangle and a square a parallelogram

3. In each diagram, part of a rectangle is shaded. Work out the shaded areas.
a) 9cm b) 4cm
5cm 6cm
3cm 4cm
6cm 44cm2
36cm2 9cm
c) 12cm d) 3cm 4cm
3cm
9cm
7cm
5cm
9cm 70.5cm2
7cm 6cm
51.5cm2
e) f) 4cm
9cm
6cm
5cm
30cm2 3cm
3cm 5cm 21cm2
4. Work out the area of each of these shapes on a square grid:
a) b) c)
20 14 18
d) e) f)
24 21 20
N Related areas
Examples
Side lengths Side lengths
Side lengths ×6 ×3
×2
Area
×4 Area Area
× 36 ×9
Exercise
1. The sides of square B are 3 times the length of the sides of square A.
How many times larger is the area of square B than square A? B
a) 3 b) 4 c) 8 d) 9 A
2. The area of the larger square is 4 times the

x cm
area of the smaller square.
4cm
Work out the value of x x =2
3. The diagram shows 5 identical small squares inside a large square.
What fraction of the large square is shaded?

1
25
4. The sides of square B are twice the length of the B

sides of square A. A
Jo says 'The shaded areas are equal.'
Show that Jo is wrong. Area of B = 4 × Area of A
1
Area of 2
of B = 2 × Area of A
1
5. The area of the smaller square is 16
of the area of the
larger square. x cm
Work out the value of x x = 12 3cm

6. For each square, the vertices and midpoints of the sides are marked with a dot.
What fraction of each square is shaded?
a) b) c)
1 3 7
2 4 8
d) e) f)
3 5 1
4 8 2
g) h) i)
1 1 3
2 2 8

1. Work out the area of each shape:
a) b) 3cm c) 4cm
5m 10cm
4m 8cm 7cm
6cm
6m 15m 2
5cm 24cm2
28cm2
d) e) f)
9cm 1cm
11cm
3cm
5cm 9cm 4mm
6cm 5cm
22.5cm2 22.5cm2 0.4cm2 or 40mm2

matching activity
Match each shape with an expression for its area.
A B C
w
y
y
z x x
z
x z
y
D E F
x
y w x w
x z
y
z y z
G H I
x
y w x
x y
z
z
J K L
x w
w
w
x x
y y
z y
M 1 N O P 1
2
xy 0.5(x + z)y wy 2
(w + y)z
Q R (w + y)x S T
xz xy 0.5yz
2
U 1 V xz W X
wy yz x2
2 2
A B C D E F G H I J K L
P S V Q T R M W X N O U

Yr 10 Maths Foundation Area

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Topic Booklet - GCSE Foundation

Perimeter & Area

Prerequisite knowledge: Related:

1. Work out the perimeter of each shape:

5. Work out the perimeter of each shape.

7. A regular hexagon has a perimeter of 1.8m.

8. Two sides of an isosceles triangle have lengths of 4cm and 7cm.

The horizontal sides have equal lengths,

1. Find an expression for the perimeter of each shape:

3. The diagram shows a rectangle. 5x - 1

a) Work out the value of x 2x + 7 4x + 1

4. The diagram shows a pentagon.

5. Each of these shapes have a perimeter of 20cm.

6. The diagram shows a rectangle. 4a - 3

a) Work out the value of a 3b a +2

7. The diagram shows a kite. 3x + 2 x + y

8. Each of these regular shapes has a perimeter of 24x - 12

The shorter lengths add to

1. The following shapes are made by putting together identical x

2. Five identical small rectangles are put together

The large rectangle has a perimeter of 36

3. Rectangle A has a width of 2cm. Rectangle A

a) Work out the length of the longer side of rectangle A. Rectangle B

b) Work out the perimeter of rectangle A.

c) Work out the perimeter of rectangle B.

4. A large rectangle is made by joining three identical smaller

The large rectangle has a perimeter of 40cm.

Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = ___cm

1. The symmetries of each shape are given.

one line of symmetry two lines of symmetry rotational symmetry

2. An allotment is in the shape of a rectangle, as shown.

3. The square and the regular pentagon have equal perimeters.

Perimeter = 32cm Perimeter = 18cm Perimeter = ____cm

Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = 24cm Perimeter = ____cm

___cm ___cm ___cm

The perimeter is 20cm. The perimeter is 24cm. The perimeter is 30cm.

DC is twice as long as AB. 3cm

8. The hexagon shown contains angles of 90° and 270° only. 4

a) Work out an expression for the perimeter of the hexagon. 3

9. Two large squares and six small squares are arranged to

Work out the perimeter of one large square.

6cm 3cm 1.5cm

3. These shapes are made up of a rectangle with a smaller rectangle removed.

d) Area = 48 e) Area = 36 f) Area = 60

5. A square has a perimeter of 20cm. Work out its area.

6. A square has an area of 64cm. Work out its perimeter.

7. A square has a side length of 3x cm and an area of 36cm2 .

8. The area of the rectangle shown is 18cm2 . 2a + 1

Jason is going to cover the wall with square tiles

The tiles are only sold in packs of 20.

1. Find 9 pairs of lines that are not perpendicular.

3. State which pair of lengths are perpendicular for each triangle:

d) e) The 7m and 5m lengths

15cm = 60cm2 = 17.5m2

2. Work out the area of each triangle:

4. Work out the area of each triangle:

4cm 8cm 5cm

5. Work out the area of each triangle on the square grid:

6. Work out the area of each triangle:

1. An isosceles right - angled triangle has 2. ABC is an isosceles triangle.

2n2 = 50 b) Work out the area of the triangle.

1. The area of the square is 3 times the area of the triangle.

_cm _cm ___cm