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Interviewing Suspects - Rating Scale
Interview Ref No: Rater:
Background
1. Interview Length: _______mins
2. Interviewer:
Number present: 2a. 1 Male/Female 2b. 2 Male/Female 2c 3 Male/Female
2d Primary Interviewer: 1 2 3 (please circle)
3. Interviewee:
3a Gender Male/ Female
3b Age: Juvenile/ Adult
4. Other Persons present: Explained Role

4a Solicitor Yes/No 4e Yes/No
4b Appropriate adult Yes/No 4f Yes/No
4c Social worker Yes/No 4g Yes/No
4d Other(specify) 4h Yes/No
5. Overall Interview Outcome: No comment / denied offence/ partial admission /

(please circle one) comprehensive account/ confession
To what extent did the interviewer include the following

interviewing behaviours? For each item circle the appropriate
point on the scale and add any comments you feel are
necessary.
Planning and Preparation

6. Planning and preparation
Demonstrates planning and Poor planning and

preparation, good preparation such as
knowledge of case, hesitation, case details
prepared exhibits etc unknown, etc
5 4 3 2 1
6a. Comments (please note tape counter reference of good/ bad practice):
!Clarke C & Milne R 1998 1

Engage and Explain
7. Provides (Circle those items provided) 7a. Date / 7b. Time / 7c. Location
8. Introduce self Clear & Professional Not introduced
5 4 3 2 1
9. Identification of all persons present Yes/ No

10. Caution given Clear & Professional Not given
5 4 3 2 1
11. Checked understanding of caution Clear & Professional Not checked
5 4 3 2 1
12. Explains right to copy of tape Yes/ No

13. Explains right to free legal advice Clear & Professional Not explained
5 4 3 2 1 N/A
14. Offers telephone advice (legal) Yes/ No N/A

15. Explores reason for no solicitor Yes/ No N/A
16. Explains grounds for arrest Clear & Professional Not explained
5 4 3 2 1
17. Explains interview purpose Clear & Professional Not explained
5 4 3 2 1
18. Provides details of routine and route map Clear & Professional Not given
5 4 3 2 1
19. Puts significant statements/ silence Yes/ No

20. Explains interview is an opportunity Clear & Professional Not given
to give their account 5 4 3 2 1
21. Evidence of Rapport Building Excellent No rapport attempted
5 4 3 2 1
22. Comments - Engage and Explain(please note tape reference No’s of good/ bad practice) :

Account
Overview
23. Encourages suspect to give Frequently Never
their version of events 5 4 3 2 1
24. Development of topics Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
25. Dealing with difficulty Maintains interview Flustered/ Early Closure
5 4 3 2 1
26. Appropriate Structure/ logical sequence Always Never
5 4 3 2 1
27. Appropriate use of questions 5 4 3 2 1
28. Keeps interview to relevant topics 5 4 3 2 1
29. Summaries and links 5 4 3 2 1
30. Covers points to prove All points None
5 4 3 2 1
31. Explores motive In detail Not at all
5 4 3 2 1
32. Challenges Problem Solving Confrontational
5 4 3 2 1 None
32a No challenge necessary (please circle)

33. Use of Special Warnings Yes/ No
34. Asks if they committed the offence(s) Yes/ No
in question
35. Cautioned after a break Yes/ No/ n/a
36. Exploration of information Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1

Account continued
37. Evidence of Conversation Management Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38. Evidence of Cognitive Interview Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
39. Use of pauses and silence Appropriate Inappropriate
5 4 3 2 1
Interviewer Characteristics
To what extent did the interviewer demonstrate the following behaviour
40. Self confidence Clear & confident Nervous & unsure
5 4 3 2 1
41. Open mind listens to and explores explanation persists with own view
5 4 3 2 1
42. Flexibility Responds to new information persists with own view
5 4 3 2 1
43. Communication skills Clear appropriate speech Complex/ unclear speech
5 4 3 2 1
44. Active listening Always Never
5 4 3 2 1
45. Comments - Account (please note tape reference No’s of good/ bad practice):

Questioning Skills (count each instance eg llll )

Interviewer 1 Interviewer 2
46. Open ended questions

47. Leading questions
48a. Closed questions: Appropriate
48b. Inappropriate
49. Multiple questions
50. Long/ Complex questions
51. Statements
52. Overtalking
53. Inappropriate interruptions
Closure
54. Summarises Interview Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
55. Invites suspect to Add/Alter or Correct Yes/No

56. Issues notice re tapes Yes/No
57. Records (please circle): 57a. Date & 57b. Time
58. Overview of Closure Clear & Professional No obvious closure
5 4 3 2 1
59. Comments - Closure (please note tape reference No’s of good/ bad practice) :
60. PACE
Did the interviewer by act or ommision breach s76 or s78 of PACE 1984 Yes/No
61. Overall interview assessment

High Skilled Satisfactory Adequate Needs Training
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Interviewing Witnesses - Rating Scale
Interview Ref No: Rater:
Background
1. Interview Length: 1a until statement writing_______mins 1b Complete interview

length_____min
2. Interviewer:
Number present: 2a 1Male/Female 2b 2 Male/Female 2c 3 Male/Female
2d Primary Interviewer: 1 2 3 (please circle)
3. Interviewee: Witness/ Victim

3a. Gender: Male/ Female
3b. Age: Juvenile/ Adult
4. Other Persons present: Explained role

4a Solicitor Yes/No 4e Yes/No
4b Appropriate adult Yes/No 4f Yes/No
4c Social worker Yes/No 4g Yes/No
4d Other(specify) Yes/No 4h Yes/No
5. Overall Interview Outcome: Brief account/ Partial account/ comprehensive

(please circle one) account
To what extent did the interviewer include the following

interviewing behaviours? For each item circle the appropriate
point on the scale and add any comments you feel are
necessary.
Planning and Preparation
6. Planning and Preparation
Demonstrates planning and Poor planning and

preparation, good preparation such as
knowledge of case, shuffling papers,
prepared exhibits etc case details
unknown, etc
5 4 3 2 1
6a. Comments: (please not tape counter reference of good/ bad practice):
" Clarke C & Milne R 1998 v1 1

Engage and Explain
7. Provides (Circle those items provided) Date / Time / Location

8. Introduce self Clear & Professional Not introduced
5 4 3 2 1
9. Identification of all persons present Yes/ No
17. Explains interview purpose Clear & Professional Not explained
5 4 3 2 1
18. Provides details of routine and route map Clear & Professional Not given
5 4 3 2 1
20. Explains interview is an opportunity Clear & Professional Not given
to give their account 5 4 3 2 1
21. Evidence of Rapport Building Excellent No rapport attempted
5 4 3 2 1
22. Comments - Engage and Explain:
Account
Overview
23. Encourages interviewee to give an Frequently Never
uninterrupted account 5 4 3 2 1
24. Development of topics Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
25. Dealing with difficulty Maintains interview Flustered/ Early Close
5 4 3 2 1 N/A

Account
26. Appropriate Structure/ witness led Always Never
sequencing 5 4 3 2 1
27. Appropriate use of questions 5 4 3 2 1
28. Keeps interview to relevant topics 5 4 3 2 1
29. Summaries and links 5 4 3 2 1
•29a Uses interviewee’s words/language 5 4 3 2 1
30. Covers points to prove All points None
5 4 3 2 1
31. Clarification Problem solving Confrontational
5 4 3 2 1 N/A
32. Exploration of information Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
37. Evidence of Conversation Management Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38. Evidence of Cognitive interview (overview) Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
•39. Use of pauses and silence Apparent Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
45. Comments – Account (please note tape reference No’s of good/ bad practice):

Use of CI component instructions

38a. Recall everything/ give as much Clearly given Not apparent
detail as possible 5 4 3 2 1
38b. Give witness Control of Clearly given Not apparent
information flow 5 4 3 2 1
38c. Re-instate context Clearly given Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
•38d. Witness Compatible questions Always Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38e. Use of imaging Always Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38f. Encourage to concentrate Frequently Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38g. Use of change order Always Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
38h. Use of Change of perspective Clearly given Not apparent
5 4 3 2 1
Interviewer Characteristics
To what extent did the interviewer demonstrate the following behaviour
40. Self confidence Clear & confident Nervous & unsure
5 4 3 2 1
41. Open mind listens to and explores explanation persists with own view
5 4 3 2 1
42. Flexibility Responds to new information persists with own view
5 4 3 2 1
43. Communication skills Clear appropriate speech Complex/ unclear speech
5 4 3 2 1
44. Active listening Always Never
5 4 3 2 1

Questioning Skills (mark each instance eg llll )

Interviewer1 Interviewer2
•46. Open ended questions

•47. Leading questions
•48a. Closed questions: Appropriate
•48b Inappropriate
49. Multiple questions
50. Long/ Complex questions
51. Statements
•51a. Extensions/ clarifications
52. Overtalking
53. Inappropriate interruptions
Eyewitness data
72. Was the use of ADVOKATE appropriate? Yes/ No
To what extent had the guidance of R v Turnbull been explored
73. Amount of time under observation Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
74. Visibility Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
75. Distance Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
76. Obstruction Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
77. Known or seen before Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
78. Any reason to remember Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
79 Time lapse Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
80. Error or material discrepancy Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1

Closure
54. Summarises Interview Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
55. Invites interviewee to Add/Alter or Correct Yes/No

70. Provides details of how to give more information Yes/No
71. Explains what happens next Comprehensive None
5 4 3 2 1
57. Records (please circle): 57a. Date & 57b. Time

58. Overview of Closure Clear & Professional No obvious closure
5 4 3 2 1
61. Overall interview assessment
High Skilled Satisfactory Adequate Needs Training

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Draft
Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale
For the
Supervision
Of
Investigative Interviews
Assessor/ Force
Tape Reference
Investigative Interviewing BARS V1.1 " ClarkeC & Milne R 1999

Introduction and Background 1. Does not explain purpose of the interview,
This document is a Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) for the 2. No explanation of the format of the interview
assessment of investigative interviews. It was developed after It is not necessary for both of these behaviours to be present when
consultation with representatives from police forces across Britain, in giving a score at this level.
order to address the need for an assessment tool that will provide a
consistent evaluation of interviews. Consistency using this scale will be In fact the final score for each dimension should be cumulative: that is
achieved by providing example behaviours that you might expect to to obtain a high score the interviewer should demonstrate a number of
see during an interview. These are then anchored to a specific point on positive behaviours above the mid point. Where he/ she doesn’t do so
the scale, thus indicating their worth. The exact point on the scale that and the behaviours are grouped towards the lower end of the scale,
each behaviour occupies was arrived at mathematically. then a lower score will be awarded. However, it should be noted that
not all of the behaviours described will be present or necessary for every
This BARS is an assessment tool for investigative interviews and interview. Whatever score is given, you must provide evidence in the
therefore does not follow the format of the PEACE model. The reason form of examples from the interview to support their assessment. It is
for this is that the PEACE model of interviewing is very good at only in this way that the score can bbe justified and more importantly
providing a framework for investigative interviews however, during you can provide feedback with supporting evidence.
assessment of an interview many behaviours can be found in several
elements of the model. Advice/ Good Practice
Before starting any assessment it is strongly recommended that you
About the scale read through the BARS at least once to familiarise yourself with the 11
At first sight the size of the rating scale may seem enormous and dimensions and their example behaviours. This makes the scale far
therefore impractical to administer within a busy schedule. In fact there easier to use. When you come to assessing the interview notes can
are only twelve areas or dimensions to be assessed (the original either be made in the evidence column as you work through the
supervisors check list typically has over 40 items to assess). The bulk interview or, on a separate piece of paper and transferred to the scale
of the information consists of example behaviours to help you conduct later.
the assessment. It is important to remember that the behaviours
provided in the BARS are only examples and not an exhaustive list. Two dimensions have been left out of this BARS as they can not be
assessed by listening to the recording of the interview: Planning and
For example in the dimension ‘Introduction – legal requirements’ other Preparation and Record Matching (checking the audio recording against
behaviours might include: written summary or transcript). It is always good practice to check the
1. Complies with Codes of Practice in relation to tape recording, case papers for an interview plan prior to assessing an interview as this
will provide information about the purpose of the interview and the
2. Complies with Codes of Practice in relation to significant planned interview structure. Similarly, having listened to the interview it
statements. is a good idea to read the written summary or transcript to ensure that it
Similarly where there are more than one behaviour within a box it does clearly reflects what took place during the interview.
not mean that all of the behaviours need to be present to attract as
score at that level. In the dimension ‘Introduction to the interview’ there
are two example behaviours at 2 on the scale:
Investigative Interviewing BARS V1.1 " ClarkeC & Milne R 1999 1

Introduction – legal requirements
Example behaviours Scale Evidence
7
Provides a full explanation of interviewee’s entitlement to
free legal advice Tape/ Time Ref
Delivers caution with a clear and accurate explanation
Clearly explains each element of free legal advice
6
Basic explanation of the caution 5
Introduces significant statements appropriately
Complies with Codes of Practice but does not explain

them
4
Rushes introduction and fails to check interviewee’s
comprehension of the information provided
3
Does not identify or explain the roles of all persons
2
present in the interview
Does not mention access to tape(s)
Does not provide a full explanation of their entitlement to

free legal advice
1
Does not deliver caution or, Score:
Delivers an inaccurate explanation of the caution

Introduction of the interview
7
Provides a full explanation of interviewee’s entitlement to
free legal advice Tape/ Time Ref
Delivers caution with a clear and accurate explanation
Clearly explains each element of free legal advice
6
Basic explanation of the caution 5
Introduces significant statements appropriately
Complies with Codes of Practice but does not explain

them
4
Rushes introduction and fails to check interviewee’s
comprehension of the information provided 3
Does not identify or explain the roles of all persons
present in the interview
Does not mention access to tape[s]
2
Does not provide a full explanation of their entitlement to
free legal advice
Does not deliver caution or,
Delivers an inaccurate explanation of the caution
1 Score:

Questioning
Detailed examination of topics, obtaining relevant

information 7 Tape/ Time Ref
Adapts questioning style in accordance with responses
6
from interviewee and additional information
Uses part of the information provided by the interviewee

to formulate next question e.g. echoing
Majority of questions relevant and focused on the

investigation
5
4
Limited use of open questions
First questions are unclear

Superficial exploration of the interviewee’s account of the
3
incident or offence
Uses closed questions instead of open questions
Questioning is superficial and shallow

Uses some leading/ multiple/ biased questions
2
Predominantly uses closed questions
Uses questions which are not relevant to the topic
Predominantly uses leading/ multiple/ biased questions
Does not use any open questions or uses

imaginary questions e.g. Put yourself in the
1 Score:
position……

Listening skills
Allows interviewee to respond freely to questions without
interruption
Summarises accurately 7 Tape/ Time Ref
Encourages the interviewee to make multiple attempts at
6
recall
Topics are examined in a structured sequential manner
5
Recognises inaccuracies and vagueness in the account
given by the interviewee and questions appropriately
Obtains a limited account from the interviewee
Usually gives interviewee opportunity to answer

questions without interruption
4
Does not summarise at appropriate point
3
Does not recognise the value of interviewee’s responses
to develop new questions
Does not recognise or ignores when the interviewee

provides evasive answers
Does not recognise that the interviewee has provided
answers to the same qu4estion repeatedly
Inaccurately summarises information provided by

2
interviewee
Does not recognise inaccuracies and vagueness in the
1
account given by the interviewee
Score:
Interrupts the interviewee consistently whilst he/ she is
talking
Ignores responses provided by interviewee

Knowledge of incident/ offence and the points to prove
7
Does not need to refer to notes and demonstrates a
thorough knowledge of the scene where the incident/ Tape/ Time Ref
offence took place
Questioning fully covers all points to prove and possible
6
lines of defence
5
Occasional references to case notes and statements 4
Shows only a superficial knowledge and understanding of
incident/ offence and the scene e.g. continually refers to
notes and statements
Has only a superficial knowledge of points to prove and
3
possible lines of defence
Has a limited knowledge and/ or understanding of the

incident/ offence
2
Does not demonstrate through questioning any
1
knowledge or understanding of the scene of the incident/
offence
Questioning does not cover po9ints to prove or all Score:
possible lines of defence

Procedural knowledge
7
Uses special warnings correctly
Conforms to R v Turnbull advice when appropriate Tape/ Time Ref
Demonstrates a full knowledge of the Codes of Practice
6
5
Shows only a basic knowledge of the Codes of Practice
4
Uncertainty or minor inaccuracies when using special
warnings or significant statements/ silence 3
Superficial compliance with the Codes of Practice
Uses special warning incorrectly

No consideration of the advice from R v Turnbull e.g.
2
ADVOKATE
Score:
Contravenes or breaches the Codes of Practice thereby
demonstrating little knowledge of the Codes of Practice 1
Managing the interview and its participants
Remains calm and composed throughout the interview

Closes the interview in accordance with the Codes of
Practice 7 Tape/ Time Ref
Uses firm but non aggressive behaviour at appropriate
6
times
Challenges all inappropriate behaviour of others present

[e.g. Solicitor, appropriate adult etc.]
Inappropriate behaviour generally challenged and dealt

with politely and firmly
5
Occasionally deals with conflict in a firm manner
Occasionally responds to active defence in an
appropriate manner
Provides a limited response to changing demands/
4
situation
Challenges inappropriate behiour at the wrong time

during the interview
Does not respond or responds inappropriately to
3
changing demands/ situation
Fails to challenge inappropriate behaviour of the persons

present in the interview room 2
Does not respond to active defence appropriately
1
Score:
Uses a raised voice or aggression in response to

changing demands/ situation of the interview

Challenging
7
Based upon the interviewee’s account identifies all
inconsistencies and challenges with specific evidence Tape/ Time Ref
6
5
Challenges most inconsistencies appropriately
Occasionally challenges the interview at appropriate

4
times
Challenges the interviewee at an inappropriate time

during the interview 3
Challenges the interviewee too early in the interview
2
Does not challenge the interviewee when it is clearly
required
Does not challenge inaccuracies and vagueness in the

account given by the interviewee
Challenges the interviewee in an inappropriate manner

1 Score:
e.g. enters into conflict

Closing the interview
7
Provides the opportunity and time for the interviewee to
correct, alter or add to their account Tape/ Time Ref
Provides details of their right to a copy of the tape
Finishes interview on a positive note to encourage future

co-operation 6
5
Complies with the Codes of Practice in an informal style
when closing the interview
4
3
Does not explain what will happen after the interview
2
1
Does not comply with the Codes of Practice when closing
the interview Score:
Abruptly ends the interview
Does not provide explanation of right to a copy of the
tape

Fairness
7 Tape/ Time Ref
Explains procedures and checks understanding

throughout the interview 6
Maintains impartiality/ fairness regardless of race or

5
gender by:
not using racist or sexist language
not relying on racist or sexist stereotypes
Occasionally explains procedures and checks

4
understanding during the interview
Demonstrates poor knowledge of Section 76 and 78

3
PACE by being unfair or oppressive
Misrepresents information
Leads the interviewee e.g. provides explanation for
actions or event
Misrepresents offences e.g. minimises maximises its
seriousness
2
Holds a preconceived assumption of guilt
Refuses to allow other present to speak
1 Score:

Interviewer style
7
Avoids use of technical jargon and concentrates on
matters relevant to the investigations Tape/ Time Ref
Confident and enthusiastic approach throughout interview 6

Adopts varying intonation and inflection
5
4
Too formal or informal in approach to the interview
3
Interviewer uses technical jargon
Interviewer uses a monotone and stilted delivery style
Interviewer loses concentration within the interview e.g.

frequent requests for repetition or, conducts interview in
2
an uninterested manner
Interviewer adopts a defeatist attitude to the interview

process e.g. giving up when interviewee refuses to
1 Score:
answer questions

Check List
Investigative Interviewing - Check List
DEVELOPING INTERVIEWING SKILLS
Tape Reference Number: .........................................................................
Interviewer(s) Name: ................................................................................
Rank: Station:
Name:...........................................................................................
Rank: Station:
Written Record of Interview Checked? YES / NO
Officer Completing Form

Date Interview Evaluated: .............................................................
Date Feedback Given:.....................................................................
Review Date: ....................................................................................
Instructions on completion
Complete this page of the document. Listen to the tape as many times as you like and
place a tick in the appropriate boxes 1- 44
During your feedback session you should be in a position to evidence both the positive
and negative aspects of the interview. Where appropriate you should record examples
of such in the evidence box provided. It will assist you if you quote the box number
and the tape time for reference.
The last page is set aside for you too plan your feedback session and to develop an
agreed action plan with the officer.
The plan should be reviewed as agreed to check progress.
© National Crime Faculty 1998 11

Check List
PREPARATION & PLANNING

Was there observable behaviour that indicated the interviewer:
Yes No Not EVIDENCE

Observable
Understood why the

interview was necessary? 1
Had clearly
defined objectives? 2
Understood the offence

knew the points to prove 3
defences/mitigation?
Had analysed
available evidence? 4
Had prepared & handled

proficiently, support 5
materials eg. tapes,
forms exhibits etc?
Plan of interview form

completed? 6

Check List
ENGAGE & EXPLAIN

Identifies: Yes No N/A EVIDENCE
Self & Explains Role 7
Suspect 8
Colleague identifies self

and explains role 9
Solicitor identifies self

and explains role 10
Appropriate adult identifies

self and explains role 11
Interpreter identifies self

and explains role 12
Others identify self and

explains role 13
Explains: N/A
Time/Date/Location N/A 14
Right to copy of tape N/A 15
Caution N/A 16
Reason for interview N/A 17
Right to free and

independent legal advice N/A 18
Interview can be
delayed for above 19
Right to speak to a
solicitor on telephone 20
If suspect declines
solicitor - reason asked 21
Was significant statement

or silence put to suspect 22

Check List
ACCOUNT
Interview Techniques
(as appropriate) Yes No EVIDENCE
Makes full use of engage

and explain 23
Reinstates context 24
Obtains appropriate
number of recalls 25
Probes sufficiently 26
Reviews information 27
Obtained a thorough
suspect agenda 28
Explores fully information

obtained from suspect 29
agenda
Deals thoroughly
with Police agenda 30
Explores fully
information obtained 31
from Police agenda
Appropriately challenges,
inconsistencies, 32
ambiguities, omissions, lies
N/A
Has motivation
been explored 33
Covers points to prove 34
Arrests for further

offences disclosed 35
Caution after break-in

interview 36
Appropriately administers
special warning 37

Check List
ACCOUNT (Continued)
Interview Techniques (Continued)
1. Good - consistently demonstrated skills to a good standard
2. Satisfactory - meets the basic skill requirements
3. Below satisfactory - shows a lack of ability to satisfactorily display skills
1 2 3 EVIDENCE
Questioning skills 38
Listening Skills 39
Overall Style 40
CLOSURE
Yes No N/A
Summarises 41
Invites suspect to
add/clarify anything 42
Issues notice re access

to tapes 43
Records time 44

Check List
EVALUATE
What did the interviewer do best?
In what area(s) can the interviewer improve?
Agreed Action Plan:

It should be challenging, attainable and measurable. In setting this plan there must be a
brief outline of how and when the plan is to be achieved. It can be in terms of training,
supervision, personal actions, education or any other attainable and measurable activity.
We agreed the above action plan on: ..........................
Signature of Interviewer ..................................... 2nd Interviewer ......................................
Signature of Supervisor ...................................................
Review date (agreed on action plan): ................................
Comments by officer and supervisor.

What progress has been made towards the action plan?

National Evalluation of Investigative Interviewing PEACE

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Interview Ref No: Rater:

1. Interview Length: _______mins

4. Other Persons present: Explained Role

5. Overall Interview Outcome: No comment / denied offence/ partial admission /

To what extent did the interviewer include the following

Planning and Preparation

Demonstrates planning and Poor planning and

!Clarke C & Milne R 1998 1

Engage and Explain

9. Identification of all persons present Yes/ No

11. Checked understanding of caution Clear & Professional Not checked

12. Explains right to copy of tape Yes/ No

14. Offers telephone advice (legal) Yes/ No N/A

17. Explains interview purpose Clear & Professional Not explained

19. Puts significant statements/ silence Yes/ No

21. Evidence of Rapport Building Excellent No rapport attempted

!Clarke C & Milne R 1998 2

their version of events 5 4 3 2 1

24. Development of topics Apparent Not apparent

25. Dealing with difficulty Maintains interview Flustered/ Early Closure

26. Appropriate Structure/ logical sequence Always Never

27. Appropriate use of questions 5 4 3 2 1

28. Keeps interview to relevant topics 5 4 3 2 1

29. Summaries and links 5 4 3 2 1

30. Covers points to prove All points None

31. Explores motive In detail Not at all

32. Challenges Problem Solving Confrontational

32a No challenge necessary (please circle)

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