CHAPTER: 24

TRANSITION METALS

Transition metals:

 Transition elements are found in the d

block of the periodic table, between group 2
and 13.
 A transition element is a d block element
that forms one or more stable ions with an
incomplete d subshell.
 Transition elements are all metals.
 Transition metal atoms tend to lose
electrons so they form positively charged
ions.
 When Transition elements form ions, their
atoms lose electrons from the 4 s subshell
first, followed by 3 d electrons.
 Physical properties of Transition elements

 Transition elements have high melting

points.
 Transition elements have high densities.
 Transition elements are hard and rigid.
 Transition elements are good conductors of
electricity and heat.
 Transition elements have variable oxidation
states.
 Transition elements behave as catalysts.
 Transition elements form complex ions.
 Transition elements form coloured ions.
Electronic configuration of Transition
elements

Titanium :(Ti)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 2 4s 2

Vanadium (V)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 3 4s 2

Chromium (Cr)

1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 1

Manganese(Mn)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 2
Iron (Fe)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 4s 2

Cobalt (Co)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 7 4s 2

Nickel (Ni)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 4s 2

Copper (Cu)
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 1