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Full Programmable Logic Controllers 5Th Edition Petruzella Solutions Manual PDF Docx Full Chapter Chapter
Full Programmable Logic Controllers 5Th Edition Petruzella Solutions Manual PDF Docx Full Chapter Chapter
19. Triac
21. Transistor
22. A discrete relay-type module uses an electromechanical relay element for switching which
allow it to work for AC or DC applications.
23. a) Sinking and sourcing are terms used to describe a current signal flow relationship
between field input and output devices in a control system and their power supply.
b) Sourcing
24. Discrete I/O modules allow only ON/OFF devices to be connected. Analog I/O modules
allow analog or varying voltage or current devices to be connected.
29. A twisted shielded pair cable is used in wiring the circuit to reduce unwanted electrical noise
signals that can be induced in the conductors from other wiring
30. Unipolar modules can accept an input signal that varies in the positive direction only. Bipolar
signals swing between a maximum negative value and a maximum positive value.
31. The analog input channel is capable of sensing voltages down to 0.3V increments.
32. The loop power may be supplied by the sensor or may be provided by the analog output
module
35. a) Used to maintain a process variable such as temperature, flow, level, or speed within set
limits of a specified set point.
b) Used in applications involving accurate high-speed machining and packaging operations
c) Used to establish point-to-pint connections with other intelligent devices for the exchange
of data
36. a) Specifies the magnitude and type of voltage signal that will be accepted by the input
b) Specifies a minimum ON-state voltage that is the minimum voltage at which logic 1 is
recognized as absolutely ON; and a maximum OFF-state voltage which is the voltage at
which logic 0 is recognized as absolutely OFF
c) Specifies the minimum input current that the input devices must be capable of driving to
operate the input circuit
d) Specifies what the maximum temperature of the air surrounding the I/O modules should
be for best operating conditions
e) Specifies the maximum time duration required by an input module's circuitry to
recognize that a field device has switched ON (input ON-delay) or switched OFF (input
OFF-delay)
f) Specifies the magnitude and type of user supply voltage at which a discrete output
module is designed to operate
g) Specifies the maximum current that a single output and the module as a whole can safely
carry under load (at rated voltage)
h) Specifies the maximum inrush current and duration for which an output circuit can
exceed its maximum continuous current rating
i) This specification will designate whether the particular module's design has individual
protection for each circuit or if fuse protection is provided for groups (e.g. 4 or 8) of outputs
j) Specifies the amount of current still conducting through an output circuit even after the
output has been turned off
k) Rates the module's capacity for sustaining an excessive voltage at its input or output
terminal
l) This specification defines the number of field inputs or outputs that can be connected to a
single module
m) This value indicates the amount of current the module requires from the backplane
37. a) Specifies the number of analog channels that can be connected to the module
b) The voltage or current signal ranges that an analog input module is designed to accept
c) This specification defines the current or voltage signal ranges that a particular analog
output module is designed to output under program control
d) Analog input circuits are usually protected against accidentally connecting a voltage that
exceeds the specified input voltage range
e) This specification determines the smallest measureable unit of current or voltage the
module can measure
f) For analog I/Os, these values must be matched to the external device connected to the
module
g) Refers to an analog module’s ability to prevent noise from interfering with data integrity
on a single channel and from channel to channel on the module
38. The CPU section executes the program and makes the decisions needed by the PLC to
operate and communicate with other modules. The memory section electronically stores the
PLC program along with other retrievable digital information
39. a) The power supply converts 115 VAC or 230 VAC into the usable DC voltage required by
the CPU, memory, and I/O electronic circuitry
b) the length of time a PLC can tolerate a power loss
40. Allows transfer of control to the second processor in the event of a processor fault
42. Timing, counting, latching, comparing, motion control and complex math functions
The Republicans had named May 16th, 1860, as the date and
Chicago as the place for holding their second National Convention.
They had been greatly encouraged by the vote for Fremont and
Dayton, and, what had now become apparent as an irreconcilable
division of the Democracy, encouraged them in the belief that they
could elect their candidates. Those of the great West were especially
enthusiastic, and had contributed freely to the erection of an
immense “Wigwam,” capable of holding ten thousand people, at
Chicago. All the Northern States were fully represented, and there
were besides partial delegations from Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Missouri and Virginia, with occasional delegates from
other Slave States, there being none, however, from the Gulf States.
David Wilmot, of Penna., author of the Wilmot proviso, was made
temporary chairman, and George Ashmun, of Mass., permanent
President. No differences were excited by the report of the committee
on platform, and the proceedings throughout were characterized by
great harmony, though there was a somewhat sharp contest for the
Presidential nomination. The prominent candidates were Wm. H.
Seward, of New York; Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois; Salmon P. Chase,
of Ohio; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, and Edward Bates, of
Missouri. There were three ballots, Mr. Lincoln receiving in the last
354 out of 446 votes. Mr. Seward led the vote at the beginning, but
he was strongly opposed by gentlemen in his own State as prominent
as Horace Greeley and Thurlow Weed, and his nomination was
thought to be inexpedient. Lincoln’s successful debate with Douglas
was still fresh in the minds of the delegates, and every addition to his
vote so heightened the enthusiasm that the convention was finally
carried “off its feet,” the delegations rapidly changing on the last
ballot. Lincoln had been a known candidate but a month or two
before, while Seward’s name had been everywhere canvassed, and
where opposed in the Eastern and Middle States, it was mainly
because of the belief that his views on slavery were too radical. He
was more strongly favored by the Abolition branch of the party than
any other candidate. When the news of his success was first conveyed
to Mr. Lincoln he was siting in the office of the State Journal, at
Springfield, which was connected by a telegraph wire with the
Wigwam. On the close of the third ballot a despatch was handed Mr.
Lincoln. He read it in silence, and then announcing the result said:
“There is a little woman down at our house would like to hear this—
I’ll go down and tell her,” and he started amid the shouts of personal
admirers. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, was nominated for Vice-
President with much unanimity, and the Chicago Convention closed
its work in a single day.
The American Convention.
Lincoln received large majorities in nearly all of the free States, his
popular vote being 1,866,452; electoral vote, 180. Douglas was next
in the popular estimate, receiving 1,375,157 votes, with but 12
electors. Breckinridge had 847,953 votes, with 76 electors; Bell, with
570,631 votes, had 39 electors.
The principles involved in the controversy are given at length in
the Book of Platforms, and were briefly these: The Republican party
asserted that slavery should not be extended to the territories; that it
could exist only by virtue of local and positive law; that freedom was
national; that slavery was morally wrong, and the nation should at
least anticipate its gradual extinction. The Douglas wing of the
Democratic party adhered to the doctrine of popular sovereignty, and
claimed that in its exercise in the territories they were indifferent
whether slavery was voted up or down. The Breckinridge wing of the
Democratic party asserted both the moral and legal right to hold
slaves, and to carry them to the territories, and that no power save
the national constitution could prohibit or interfere with it outside of
State lines. The Americans supporting Bell, adhered to their peculiar
doctrines touching emigration and naturalization, but had
abandoned, in most of the States, the secrecy and oaths of the Know-
Nothing order. They were evasive and non-committal on the slavery
question.
Preparing for Secession.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
GEORGIA.
MISSISSIPPI.
FLORIDA.
LOUISIANA.
ALABAMA.
ARKANSAS.
TEXAS.
NORTH CAROLINA.
VIRGINIA.
KENTUCKY.