Pourry Fasc) ere ate) | 1895- Const? inimal Coordinahon | | asic allocation of Powerl) Te MAKING OF INDIAN ConstiTU TION B.G. Tilak - Idea of Constituent assembly (British + Indians) Govemng bods Fea i Z 7 iraioe 2 the f Poe { Exeuntive Legislature — Tudiian Govt Makes rules Se, He ial fxs Pantiounent State Assembly wriuen — Ex Indi Format . Unwritten Unwritten written in variety of documents fully — Saudi Arabia Portal — UK f in Single document + Rigid FRA Rules + Uncodifi + Existamce a Nol fixed @ 26 Ton 1950 Glways ¢ ing seperate body scons dey takes pydgstribly plea. by Parkin Supremacy + Supremacy ~ const” Pomtioument + Amendments + Flexible * Power bist” ) «+ Power Dist d \ ; Uaitary Fea” Unitary Olds USA Uk C16 89- Citg7- Bills oF By of Rig’) Rights) ee NZ Israel Sandi Avebia Canoda Indians to make | 1922 - Gandhi — their owa const” | ‘nt losg— Nebva Committee + Motilal Nebra. (1929- Declaration of farne Suara (TL Neb) | Constituent \193y- MN Ret (Idea o i” “ 1 1, sembl) 11935- INC efficially Demanded 1940 — August offer (Lintithgow) 1946 - Cabinet Mission Plan ( Eleckons ts formation of Constituent Assembly) | Formation of Constituent IE Ass 9 dec, 1946 L (Piel aa | British Indiam Provine| | Princely States Cheif Commisioner's wf province 292 — pirectly Elected | 93> Nominated trae's Y Partially Elected Nominated Constieuent Assembly formation ected Members G Indirectly eleded — + From Princely by Members of States SLA + To be nominee «Not Based on by Prince/ crown Universal Adate Fromanise © Restryt~ Muslims Minctiti\ six ngOut of 339 Muslim Leatge + 73 399 (exit) 296 (Late) Comprised All Sections of sovieky June 1947 > Mount batt 3 Separasion a END, Pak, n Indepenctemce Act July 1941 + India IN was prssedl | + Not & Representative + Not a Sevencign Body Time Consuming + Dominated By Congress LL Lawyer Politician — Hindw Temporary Prez = Dr. Sachidospaedes Sirctys| Permanent Prez —+ Dr. Rajendva Prasad Vice Prez Hees Mukherji Novite Krishnamachart Constitutinal Advisor ~ Ban. Raw = OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION GU Tel. Neha on Dee 13 1946 ~ Modified > Preamble [~ Acopt Vorsion 22 Jon 1947 Nl Sessions [Eze] Coa] real | Dec- 9-13 Nov-14-26 Session l9he 1949 jon Uh 1950 | gigas | MBOes Committee \ Ae 4 r* Constieemt - Bodly Legistative Body | Head V Head Rajendra Prasad G.v. Maylankar tional sete — July 22,1947 Anthem —> Jon 24, 1950 Song— Jon 24, 1950 Committees + Drafting committee — B. RK. Amb “committee on Rules | Cae ] Rajendvo. Steering Commi tte Prasad Fi 5k ones ited Bdkoc Committe en Natonot Flag Nowe Powers Committe ‘Wisi Const” —1— on Tribal J TL. Nehre Advisory committee FR, Minorities, 8 Exauded Aveas mittee — Patkebhi Seetouamayya. “FR Sub committe - J+. Kriplam *Drocfiing Committee - B.R. Abedin Saxdon Fated + Howe Corm * Minorities Subcommittee — H.C. MakherjiPrngali Venkayya Designed - tH National Flag Daaetine Committee Se up= Aug 29,1947 > Ambedicar ~ (chairman) +N. Gopalwamy Ayyougar — A. ke Ayyar = Dy. K.M. Munshi — Mea. Saadallah — BLL Mitter veplaced Ne Madhav 9 Raw — DvP Khaitan replaced by TT. Krishnamachasi Enactment EN FoRceMENT Adopt /Enak Force > 16 Jon 2e@ Nov 174) 1950 On this day 1929-30 Lahore Session— Demand for Purnassaia | National Flag en Ravi River Swonces Mox~ (Gor Ad 1935 (0%) Fedeval system office of Governor Tudicory PSC, Emergenay Provisions ~ Administrative Details PUR = —Povitamentary Govt Rule oy Law Legislative Proceduve Single Citizenship Cabinel System Prevegatiie Writ Pactiamentary Privilages Bicarneralism Counc \Usa — Canada — b Austraita Sapan — 5 [Peewee — Republic wost — Nominal Head - tree, Speaker of LS, More Powerfuk Lowey Have of Ministen espowrible fo Rye Written Const” Preamble, SC Independence of Judiciary Tudiiad Review Tmpeacament of Prez + Removed of SC & HC Judges txeative Head 1 Prez "Supreme Cornman: den. > ‘tio Chairman VPs ex ite Der tows Fedeval system with Strong Contre Division of Powers Residual Powers with Centre Appointment of Govener Advisory Jucisd” of SC (Gpevenaivg — Suspension of FR (ermergenen) Amendment fo Const? Election of Members +{ RS ‘Wretana — ppsp Methods of Election of Prez Nomination of Members % Rs by : Prez Liberty, EQ, Fraternitg Tdeals of tn Preamble Concurrent list Joint Sitting Freedom to Trade Fb ‘deals of Tustice ( pasamble) Procedure sth by LaasPREAMBLE SOVEREIGN, SociALisT,SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, | 24,2 Port - 4 Repopiic Union & Tes Tervitry Juste — ee" | Nome ¢ Temitory of He = Evonemie Union, Politic! Bharat — 4 Union states nd, Ltet of States WUT Membioned én CAR sali a hameae . Soctelit } Added 1 Schedule lutegr*t9 Union Federation Not an Agroemunt of Source, of op People India aaransnt Stoles Const’ skates can't - hone vignt secede from bo seiede What's Preamble 7 uken Indroduion , Identity Card Lcentreamoe —---—sStde - AE Prepace Baste, Philosophy oon ae Te Proamble a Part of Const t (1973) (1995) Cy & sc, z : Yes, Presunble Yes, No, Preamble !s0 Pavt of Te Om Summars Like + India Likes USA 41 Fundamentat Value lea - Adrnision | oftsbiishment exiiannent — Simple majority can admit | establish new states Integration of foviegn Stakes Sikkim was added bo India Coles tate oh | As Asiotiate state Formation of New séakes ioe pat, Cone? \ntearot & alleraKn of areas, boundaries es : Comat | Shana of Bul non Tush AMble | Foymation of Nay Hate from 2 oF more State Amendavilits Changing Nownes Armendabie Bub | ft] area of state ke shvanoudo- te. Shue yon ce oe ee In Alter boundavy Done by Simple Majority dastywtible Union with destrudible States *Powers Parliament Prea’s Tecommendaction fire Views lanchatory fo accept) WHER Laws mae in At-2,43 are mol bo considered Amencmeals. | 250% members Prevents, voting + SHAPE ojovity + + PABSDLUHE! majprity—> 750% Of strength of (To Run the Howse Govt) . & eppecsvat majority > Boy Strength — Vacant seats + (SPER msjerit =4 of lobad Strength ‘ 2 . 2 prune § voting Any low made In #2 ¥ 4e3 Shall oF to ; Contam provisions for omen enet inary Most FR's Schedule 144 be made by sinaple amajority aS spetfied Io FF 368 Provisions ; Amnendment for 1% % UM schedule + Sush laws coun be passed by Simple majority » No Need of +368 How Stutes Y UT's formed ? After 1947 Demand for creation of states — Linguistic basis 194g Rejeted Le (avpemcommmmiamay 1949-49 Alo Rejected Le Formation of I Lingubhe State oct 1, 1953-7 AP 1953 Accepted V on Linguistic Basis One Language- One State X Fonpamenrar Rieuts FR | Types of Constitutional Atghts Rights Legal nights | Legal Rights Rights Constitutional Right > All vi G mentioned In Rights Undo. Powe TO + Justidoble + Acqpheed by birth hich are as well a FR ghis 0 atside FR const” ae FRO Outside cont" Pastiament / State Legislahwe | made by tx: NRT, MNREGA | Features + USA (borrowed) Magne Carta. 9 India, — Ensure a aignified life — Ensure Freedom & liberty Negative obligation fo State axe Self Exeuukor — Tusk dable > Aren't absolute v permanent Skate — can pe limited C vestrictions [suspend > eunexgunuy 420,21 Not Suspende# ig Suspends Noctionat Emergency FR ane Amendable affeuking Basie Structure briginally , FoR bur dear Right 4 Propo Removed hycaa 1978 9 Now 4 300A ( 1. Right to Cousidy — Ma-18 2, Right to Freedom 19-22 4. Kignex® Exploitakon (23,24 4s Right t Freedom o on 29-30 5. Culturod & Ea wahont Riannt to coms” Remedin — E32. HI, efimitvon of State ComraL Govt , Pasiiawnent State Gous a State Legistakure MI Local Authorits e> dther Stautory 4 Non Statutely ities FHIB. Laws Inconsisteme with or in derogation of any FR's shall be void ~ protecting sheild of FR Power of Judicial Review ( Teen, Not montioned 1 Concept > USA FR Available to Citizenst+ Foreigners Conly citizens) —_C-except Enemy pions) OGO® B® @B@ ee STATES REORGANISATION ACT C1956) 14 sintes 6 GUT a of Nov 1, 1956 Nuw State % UT Afla 1956 MH “MH & GT In 1% Bomboy< 65 (i5" state Oper Have UT 10™caa 1961 + Goa, Daman UT 12" CAR W962 & Div In 1987 = Got Statehood © = Puducherry UT (HM can 1962 ° Nagaland — 1963 (16 state) « Haryana. . 1966 (n™state-_ Separated from Punjeb) | Sikkim Chandigarh UT 0 1966 Himachat 8" state 1971 Pradesh Manipur 19" state Tripura, 20 state 1972 Meghalaya 21° stake 35" CAA 4 Associate state 1914 ag can full fledged Staite Was aan state ° n) (46371 F— Speatal provi Mizoram 23" stake 1977 Coe 24 state (i writ) coat UT, Goa ast State Chatkisgarh (out +4 MP) 26” in (J4txrakhand (out +4 UP) Thaxkhond. (out of Bihay) 22% 2000 Telangana. ee 2014 Cout »4 AP) Da state Jommu & Kamnmir amd Ladakh Tilt 2019, Tak State Tuk Reorgamisation Ack , 2019 Tuk wor bifurcated as ut 4 T&K UT of Ladakh > =[RIGHT 10 equacrTy |(se=14) equatity EQuak Protexion before of ae FEI > Right to Equality before Law — Law uw Eau probation “flaw | omc FAVE concept =Ve P AHS Prohibition of discrimation All ae person In Similan on basiy —Telegion race . — Caste, 56x “Rule of Law Conditions t& Urawmstenees place of birth (ny. brane) Shail be Ereated alike FETE Caratity of oppurtrnity In Baste feakwe + pascription between matters of public empioyement can't be Atstroyed — groups not wsithin by amendment soups - USA const” FEIT Abolition of Untouchability | te prohibition of Hs. practice Abia Abolition of bitles except Taken from British Const® Military & academics Hy + Socal Equasity & Equal access (0 E A ( Public areas. very Person ( Citizen + Resident . - tH ly to Citizens Ferret omens) 8 fous en X™ State +159 (2)- Available ae and. Private Individuals Exceptions - + Pree ( 4361) ; + Governor (4¢ 364) jor Certain exceptions t- + Foreign Diplomat ~~ 15(3) = spestal provisions fox women + Foreign Sovertignty | et Cheer" i i bodies) ¥ + Mumbers of Parltement | as) * Members of SLs | “Lm plement” of certain | [5(4) ~ Provision for advancement of rsp (ae31e) Soctally backward classes (sefst) (Feaa 11951) 'S(s)- Provision for aAmission of Soumly ty ‘educabenally athward cesses GOBE)! 10 educational Inst” including private Inst? aided — Absence of any Special privilage oy unaided by Govt C93, — Equat subjection of all person ty ordinary laws — Ne person Is above Law Crich , poor, offiuiet Canal Protection of Law aoe —- Equa treatment In equal 15(6) - Reser (BINNS? Jor admasion Substances fy educational, Institutions + Same laws for Same Hind of radi private ast people « Like Should be treated alike without any discrimination Added 2° “y CAR 9 2019es ee An 1505) ~ Reser y Creamy layer Hhistory of Reet” in Public Concept In OBC Employumnent = 1953-1955 Looe > Cemtrat Ede” Inst” i Be? Inst? (Rey In wwamaany —1 —— - 1979-1980 Admission) Auk ; - 277 (0B) — vo la al contrat Higher Inst? (1, 11m) ie unimnoe Total Reservation > OBC TSC +57 Loo@= Se volidaked Hu low & OBC mt Move than 50% quota bud divected tae Contval VP Singh Govt ded yagy” dade "O layer” , oot Mee. veomny layer 1990 on basis of Mandal Communion Narsimha Roa Govt Added mm 199) Persons Holding Const” posts | lager? Group Al B officers | Colone! oy above tank (AINIAF . IpmF) professionals, Person in trade, busines! , Resew’ jor onether lov. for EWS Jadustyy , Income oven Flakh of higher castes nok getting Pewon a is and above lmit reaahions HELD Squatity °F Oppartumity for all Ghaens relating fo enplayemnent on OY appormement wer sual A Same pe defined In Const + Preference fo poorer Sections in Bc le) No Aiscriminahon ot an grounds Circ 5D» Place 24 ith) Pasishonent Is given m Accordancee? & swtdence for Cmmployornaat wader with Law 16(3) + | | «Cont dees not presoutbe amy Excephen Ponktonaut com prescribe em unihment wanda tis aoe VerAdece 0 & Cond” for Contain employerumt Oppurtunitio} for stale ty UTS HIO(L) Reser’ for Backward classes Dahith arem’e adequately | Yepresunted In public services. | | | 4h 180) ~ No titles except 6r axademii i ic OW distinction # bbe given by tote, © ¥(2) > Should nok accep ony ae yo(s) Reserv? of omfloyement tn R®@ a itle from fortign regions histitaHons on No person who ts wot Utzen Dosis of velegion hG)- of oe eee is position under stake Sheuld atesgt any ide from foreign rake withet the pemowin of he Prez : avate vacanuy for Backleg # lo Cus) “? sc/stloac ZI" CAA, 20003 . '8(4) No uchzen who holds any | allan Office umder state should | fe 1916) Right accept any gift / 0 fice umder | ""* ee a oxuble Peacealely Any forerqn State ed — Aiyards Should not be treated a> |” Public cae ed ve Fille ‘and should mot be wed Conduct steikee X prefixes or suffixes State _. Sovexignity % quest nici ons Inkegrity 9 Nasion + public Adev dike | aria | maintainance of Kadfic | Rient To FREEDOM | ttn | next ows Jo(in) + Speech & Expression [care Seton Ia Dong te ¥ an te 1914) > Assembie Peacefully & & Safety of P without AMS tpc- sedtion JHI - eure persons assembly pics fem Asouakons/ unions] Co-op soriehes Are 1960) on Co-operalive poaperalive 10einbies — 91™ can 2081 | | 9(18) - ae tout Hixoughout | « eratlery of hedia Lae fn political | | aa | poatios 19lte) - facut uy settle Tn any Spiteri post of te Coury “Clase Kade unions 19(ig) - Proce amy Profession ov fo carty On any state can Impose nearenarle anustichons Cie SC etd trot | Frade vuntons howe we | nights ew the qrounds of effeutive bargaeming [right to steike | vignt | a dectore & lockout ~ Trade Unions | Could be controlled by [aolustrial 4 9(10) Reserickions + Friendly rations with fovetgn Stokes + Public order | Nant, + Dectuuy | Movadity Ack 9 (18) + Comteanpt of Court Imtounad movement (oithin india) J » Defamation ( Hate speech) [Fé extowat meevemuut — 21 2 Inetewunt t offeme stale nearorable rustrt clon ear ro a | + [ntyust of Gencrat Public 4! * Protection of Interne (_ culture» customs ) of Scheduted 11i be | | Ex: Liner bine PermitSC Kell = Movement of Prostitutes | Con grounds of | tub lie weattn) * #20 Protection IN RESPECT OF CONVICTION FoR OFFENCES U7 teide ( temporarily) Crime \ Sette (Home / Domicile 2) ~ Feeedem Is 42 remove Internal barriers and promote nationalism General = Reasonable —~ Meroe ol See HUBLHCHONS \ Protection of Interest 4 S D nishn ports Yo | only 14 Yo [sre 2q0 \ Mes Wty 2 No Jax-u7 | 2012 lo Years | '2 Years se Dal zouk Jas i | , Jail | af Yai) Now __ | Exception: | Also known as Retrospective Law only civil Case amd mot Se wea a criminal Cases Certain areas Could be banned for | 4, case the new law has provision Prostitutes & Habituak offenders for fov less punishment, then ie may Genevord Public b | over vale the move punish mem® +} the aE 19 (19) lee previews law for previous Crime, (sein) laminae ~ Freedom 40 Practice any Profession | 1 exe — Lpanishment, only once oceupation | trade | business: ) (not more thom ence) ~ covers all means of Itvelihood Available omy for proceedings | Before court amd not de part wtntar Reasonable Restrictions | or administradive authorities 2 Monopoly ( complete / Fortis.) hepa (3) MaNSEERERRTS + lemmovad Occupation ( trafficking | No Compulsion 1 witness X™ of wormund& diildren | Harnfut | himnselt Drugs | Explosive) | Duk If he wishes ak his Own a Prescribe Poofessional | Lochnical | will then 1 will le cansidered ualifieations la certain secupation + DNA test on be accepted as sbrade & bussiness Casry Out Occupations trade or fa business Citsety) Gtate) without | PRotection oF LIFE AND i Hor f PER on of Cikens ( posta ele), SONAL LIBERTY Inelusi , C Available fy Citizens Gad Non a)Avatiable X arbitrary executive | Ottion & Alot available xs Hor Arbitrary Legislation rs enna ees GOPALAN case (1950) » F State can deprieve vight to life and | TEN TIO Grants protection f persons who Personal liberty as per low ( procedure estd by law) ave arvested | Detained Personal liberty only means Bed of | efegnsmnive Preventive 1 AND Individ wal Available for” Available for 197% MenaKa GANpHI Case ordinary Preventive Laws Z . - Cus eae Ausitable against atbitvary oe after Detention Withoud legislation ( vnvearonatle, Unjust al & Aros) & Conviction Unfair ‘ me 1 Applicable be Mn ta ee Tee $ ac part of 21 2 oe ie T ea | Protection X°* Panitive Detention | ict cour To Live with dignity .tife thavs wort | COMER ad Mving and meaning full. Passive Euthanasia. (Faimless) Allowed Adtve Euthanasia (Painful) N . before > . + Right to be To be produced eath Semkence > rare binone | la een, In Cose magistrate within 4 “of auvest Diy hour excluding jowrey Aeai(Ay) Rien to evucation |* Taht to consult + Right to released after by gem , 2002. | 5 gee defemsed Ly hours Unless _— | boy legal practioner Maajstrate Putnor'za> Free & Compulsory 6-14 Eat fo atl Unttaren (Oy, Does not protec ein cose of absence ier Court ovdler, civil %| rnagistyate, ov holiday Cartier + Post of DpsP (#45) | Croke atts tne ponen willbe under prevemHye pre before duty Right Ed” Au, 2009 Apyil Lolo, on maagistrate OF od the provision» 25% qucta for House of the rayistrole but he shabt be pro Private schools (paid by Gove) before Magtirate within GAvaitable te children belonging 24 hows to disadvantageous Groups fx: SCAT, Soually backward class | Disabled |A yee Protection X* Preventive Detention — | thoy te 22(u) | Promotion Or EmployemenT Rekeution Sheutd facts of Preventive | OF CHILDREN IN FACTORIES ol Aekention X* Public . yee mene ere need tot be Noe Childten ( <4 4e) ie Aiseloved Should be umployed in Hazardous e229) 2 ee Grounds of detention aut can 978 | Dow nok prohibit emplo yement Should be Communicated Detention nor In harmless ¢% Innocent work ound oppurtuniby for more than 2 | tre detainee must months | be provided f make (Not imoved H15 A veprosentation a) FREEDOM Of CONSCIENCE AND Against Order Frec Profession » PRACTICE AND PropooatioN oF RELEGION #92(7) Available fo beth citizens @ Yoriegners > Freedom of Conscience fostiomane has Hight te make Laws - | Freely Profess any relegion On, evgntive chante — Freely Practice any velegion ArspaA , MISA , COFE-POSM Byerly Propagate any velegion ( But No forced Conversions) Nasa, PBMSECA, TADA, POTA |iqpzie PITINDPSA FReepom fo MANAGE RELEGIOUS | AFFAIRS Has This «ight protects collective {reeclon Prowigi tion OF TRAFFIC IN Human | Of THeson efagroup BEINS AND GoNDeD LAtouk |, fo establish and makntain Araitabte to Voth Citizens YY Foreigners Institutions for relegious and _ Charitarle purpose Hrman Trajficting — Bonded Labour |? Right '@ manage is oun affairs x x | In matiors q Yeegion Buying & Seltn g Campaltoy work |” oo ont eee Bae tithoul Yemuneratien ond Immovable propery Unildren Bonded labour a Right to administer te Vrmmoval brafficting forced labour | property Devdasis ¥ Slavery More Work Less Pay |Implications of 25 &aF26 nee solute. l + Use of loudspeakers being of velegion Go Govt Cam restrict on Che Use of te © Followers of No relegion have vight £0 slop Hu procession o} Mer velegion + State may abolish "Cow slaughter’ as Sacrifie Of am essential part of He relegion + Possoming ‘kixpan’ 4 professing SiKEAAs and Is protected right 0} sins (4425) + Alone of the rights guarantee that @ Biohmin only can pe‘form Titnals of Hinduism Freepom FoR TAXATION FOR Promotion oF No Taxes fer promotion & maintainance of velegion State Cannot Spend public money on Promotion of Parti alar velegion _ Fees com be levied by religious Org2” — sperot service] security. Frcepom FRom ATTENDING RELEGIOUS INSTRUCTIONS No yelagious Instyuctfon shall be provided In any eclucational institute wholly mautained out of State funds. cow on Bakrid ts not Not Integral Patt divides Educational Institutions Into 4 categories + Imstitutions wholly Maintained by Stote > velegious Instructions Is completely prohibited * Institutions aamninistered by Stake val psd under any tewt or andaum + Raligiow Instuction permitted ig essential part x Inst? verognized by State can be. Im pavled . but Inst? vecteving aid Cannot be from tate compelled 1 { follow it | |. | MINORITIES A Revi@eks.jQurney. “ * \ on Language Relegton &x: Bhotiya Ex: Muslims Term ‘Minority’ 15 nat defined anywhere In the Const” ProrecTion oF INTEREST OF MINORITIES = right 40 Conserve Abtind Language. Suvipt, / cutture be any citizen ia India ~ L's «@ fvoup night + No denying of admission In ede Ishihte maintained by State / vedening od from the state on certaim grounds Ls Un Individual right Also proteck the Langraye , Séeript and Culeure of Maprity~ Right to agitate Jov protection of | Language — Permitted - People's Fes” oF 195) #30 Richt oF AANORITIES To EsTABLISH | Any ApministeR EducationAL INSTITUITIONS > All minorities foestablish and Wai Ts HAweAs corpus —> To hawe ody 0} MANDAMUS —y We Command FROWIBITION—>To forbid CEeRtionARi—sto be Informed | QuowARRANTO-9 By what authority administer educational Institubons.| cea Present physicar body of detained in front of court = Right ko Impart education th own ee usne | = Skate may require minority won Property provided full menetory Compens -alion Is lo be given ~ No discrimination In granting aid fo minorities Institution RIGHT To CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES Gives us Yemedy for violation of FR | |- | Gannot be sTo move to the SC for Violation of FR’ aa Le | | + Posliownent Can empower any ether court t Issue disections >” ucits © This right Cam be Suspended ( #359 ~Prez—+ Emergency Provision) | Heart AND SOvL oF THE CONSTITUTION | Person = Issued by Court — state Authority who has detained amothey person & mot produced him before cout within 24 hours | tesued by SC/HC commomding | the public Guthority | officer } Volver court to perform his duty Issued XS mr when duty Aiseretionary Lower court Pree Govrner Tyete, He tse hy TP Higher Court Fo prvent from ex ceedings Writs— An Order | ite jurtsd” Sc{iFs2) He (4230) |- Preventive only coun regubate = under jurisdiction | Issued Only X™ Juchiccad and Heroughout Indian of par tiodar He | Quaxjudtial Quthovi hes like i tom | NHRC kosie) - FR+ other objertiv Now - Issue only for ne 4 ca enforcement 4 R's + gies) co] fed eavateron + Mandatory forse = DiscveHonary fo axerdse writ May refuse to aia? ‘puatsdicion exercise Writ jurisd |ae ae Ceortiovasi (ata ce Preventive + Curative | Marti Last [a Provides neriction of FR's when Higher court titer to sol Slew Ted chin martial Is enfo: t 9) led J ve Military Rule h Be order | civil ea eet latte ae . military, authorities Specific aren due fo vebution , riot ek Lower Court Issued x* administrative bodies also — Issued In & Wars Invasions IL empowers parlicunent Indemnify (protect) any person for ack done by bssueal by oe eee wo him with maintainance of law the Legality oj claim of @ person ama order fo w public *ffice Con be _ Bervowsd feom Britain bu Mark al — canbe sought by any Interested Law term Is "oe Aafined anywhere porsen and nok necessarily by In const? aggrieved person anlike the _ Martel Law 's different from National Emergency Previous writs ae33 oie Fr of Avmed F te ct, Only Partioment hes te Pour to Porltoument— restvict | modify vights e aalilauston LER 9} people holding sewsitive be > posi Hons, State Legislative Assembly = Don't A | Ne | have He rows Fosommilitary police ay powey . ity face Aralogans | forces | +The Law made by Parliament Under #33 cant be Challenged In the cout of Law ( Army Ad 1950 Navy Ad 1950 Aicfore AU i950 + But the above peopk Can use worits (4r32) for laws made oulside 33 + Judicial Review Is posite tn Coust Moatiah hate ( Arrsts)tk ~The Execotive “FR5y — Election of Pree sElecied members o4 LstRs 1s Elected memiers of LA of All States Electerd Alege «lected membus of | Lhe o Delhi, Puducherry b SqK Who donot vote | Nominated — LS+RS + Skate coundt E55 «Manner of Election of Prez Single winner Peo portional 0 a Rapyerentaton Transferable mas “Each member of Vote vouune Vlectoral usllege “The. of each olecked — Is yen candidate mengasencs) Preterens ot won \s Colautaked vins “Lf there ave 3 | vere value of candidates he ¢ 50744 Goch flected vote fpr mP(Both houses) — ogc candidate 1s caleuboted — with Preqenoee Pro 1 2s 3 —_ | The pop!” ¢t Stote> takun [Proportional as per 1971 2028 “ot will conkinve > ruspresent Lab “eA CAA 2008 Vote Valine of Tota Qopl” ima =f State oy Total no. © Loe elected members Of SLA | Tota value of votes Vole value of AL Mua’ of of LMP All skates Unton —¢ Prez, VP, PM Exeutve §§) CoM, AG State Ener ye 2) auvernoy , COM i Advocate General Arncces Recatep + To Presipent By the Prez of India 53 Exeuhve Powers of Union 54 Electoral Collage of Prez 5S Manner of Election | Prez Se Term of office of Prez ST Eligibility for Re-Election 5? Qualification for Election as Prez 9 Conditions for Prez office 60 Oath | Affirmation by Prez 61 Impeachment *4 Prez 62 — Time of Holding Election fe fill Vacomy 19 Prez, office 65 VP fo Ad o Pree 7 Matters nelaking 1 Aledtion of Prez— SC Jo. Power of Prez to Ovout Fardon, 72 Dutin of PM to Furnish bof to Prez 95 Sesstons of Fas Houment, Proved” Wh Assent +2 bills passed by Paritomemt 123 Prez - be Issue Power of ratannee [43 Power +f Prez - bo Consult Se Total no of ured members of Postian entVote value of stale = Valve of» Totel No. of (MLA elected Mua’ | FACTS | Heap oF TNE STATE | First CITIZEN | SUPREME COMMANDER OF ARMED | Forces NOMINAL HEAD (De Juve) pre Nedam Sanjiv 6 i Pex cred unopposed Ready — eles Beak head — Py + wom | (pe fa) 2°* round of Caluiation, (voting) when, oe Issue whip %* camaidete for giving vote + date not Of his poleys choi >No Ws candi Secret Ballot Voting system iI L Pree who died wile wn office p56, Prez’ offie Tem = 5 Yo Reagnr— VP otst © Rajendra Prosad— & times i ce. : Zakiy Hussain, Fakradain Ahmad aL Vagibie for Re-eledion any 2 of times Or (dee) Qualification > Citizen | * \ hia Should noe sifon net under herd lt of ogpice of Profit 1k lesen S infront of crt of 8€ [ serio most. judge +) SC «= Acting Prez > wuould alsotake Oath with the above procedure Hata. Pardoning Power + Punishment | ys of offense * " Courk + Death Union Govt MorKial Sentence Pardon 2 AN sentence Fvee Panishmnents ane Disouali fication ighe Commutation" Mou Yasert siemper Ex: Death AN Lie Hime Tmprisbamed Remission Reduce time period dye a we Respite Redue of time geriaa f | ee tence due 40 Disability Reprieie SY Of Exewvtion | fox a bemporors | period | Pandening owes fxercised by frez On the advice of Union Cabinet yon has been rejected + once moray pe another petition Can't be filed. re = nok sabe te poview unless decis‘on | isert nina tory |. Pardoning adie arbitrary oy alate ‘ IMPEACHMENT OF PREsipenr | ThO2 — Vacancy In Pees of fe ~ for Viclagon op const” | Expiry of tenure -5 Ye (mes defn Regn i Removal by Impeachment |] pean during bene |- Dinqualified Election - 5c Charges X Pret is framed in Creer howe by Sign 94M) ™ members Cate ce given to Prez Vacany In Prez’ office CS Reesorarion 1s Initiated ta Hat Term End ~ SY rs rR + Eledion for mew Prez shoutd ” | Cee phonldireae mae be conducted before term tnd 7 ther house, IM : G, Rest Corner In Other howe, Mey in case of Delay In eecion ‘ a 5 members sitting Pez combines until GC investig ating authority Investigates nw Prez Is selected vs ae Tee Gorts) ‘e passé hn this howe with — > There Is No ofher punishmes$C]t?. |OLI panishmeat cle? |OUR Sy Prez other tram lenpeadnment Vibhbedlay or crc wens | Keston ) Dis QvALIFICIFATION » fe b a Quasi-Judidal Process = Court doesn't tater fore , - Electons Should be held within + Nominated Members of Portionent 6 months from date “ Partierpate In impeachment , tough aes trey don't partidpate In Election “New Prez Ie Elected for “Euection’ (EMPERCHENT Full term us | | | rie ks ected antominatel? VP ous as Prez —> In MO members ef | Abs ene C1 | Semior most Lstes 4% Judge | erected members of “F Assembiy — X | (trey enjoy ll Powers , Tancben x | allowances & Privileges Elected Members Pee | ‘ ez) a vt (pew, ut x f pene) |X Pz sere aud veceves Ambassador, Powers OF Pree | eves | High Commissioners ae Terry cE Exeustive powers MLiTARy Powers, Legislative 4 SUPREME COMMANDER OF ARMED FORCES oes | Appont hs 5 ints eheip of } jpretats eheit of T— Nag Financial power: Dic FOE Pounts [He can declare Wav ov @ — approve ¢ Pos lramon bMecency Nee Pardoning Power Power> in a fam ESS st 360 Absolute Paadon Nutoms — feezs Rule Fannie! Suspensive Commutation Emergeny erg Picket Remission | Emery Res pite | “tee | | . r No Asser Bill Passed __ Bil sent” Evewt ve towers] Py ouses fo Pree for 589 agent eA Exeustive Powers of ‘Gout are in the nome of Prez (453)) Bill Becomes Act 1 He can Seek Inf om matters of | union Adem via PM (4 72) | MaaiaTe « Ddrministen dneitly We UTS | Veto via Lt. Govewner issioney leas » with hold Assaak + Bil Ends ama do Aw Appoimtniont °- | es mot become Pag oom, Abd CAG, CEc § other | Elecion commisionerss Govemor of Gates, UPSe Chairman 4 Members Lease S Govt bills Fsigns before assent by Pret Happens 19 Private members bill when cavinet = Commissions — sefst] OBc - Imter- State Council, Pircomatic Powe Ro 191- Pree. Venkataraman used bt HAUL tnkernational treatio Absolute veto over te Salary ank agreement ove negotiated And Allowamces & Pensions and Umduded on behalf Of | CMP) Bit the Prez | || Passes 2 Ovdinamce becom y the = fasses an | MOON doesnot Th aves + Returns the bill for reconsideration | ss 1 law OP ‘ [Prez can promulgate ordinamuye |aaly when totn feither howe 4 | Parliament —» Not in sovion + bill & posed again with er without amendment , Prez shas to give assent — fo the bill + Suspense veto Is over vidden by re-pasia OF bill by ordinary mnajority a ie en et Tae = Will sue ordinance only when A withold Prez ls Sodishred with circwmstana Serer} eh Immediate Achion > Auision con be quesbioned hy Neittrer gives dssuak , mor ejects | Court on ground of ralagide nn Subjects of Union Parliam ont Cwithatd) mor returns: + only 0 + Simply keeps the bill ponding with L cannot make ordinaee we PR Himself L can withdraw Any time on odin For Indefinite time oy com fc per MM CAA STOTT PCE ae give assent to const An “ya te Vea ala ie i Ut As pur 291 PLZ may Use He vee! y — a power on wil of SLA lf Sent Gough | FF 64 Governor (4.2.00) VP te be ex-officio Unairman oF Rs 4 6. VP te Act as Pred during Caswat vacanyy / absence of Prez es tee Eleckon CAV Naw made by Onion Govt, dusing = Tex op office Tecesion Powe te Promulgate ordinance Heyy Vacaney 9 opie on Urge [unforseen matters, 4 Temporary 0 motu frog Oath & Agfiemacions te) Matters telabins to ve's Elechon fe be Settiea (SC prdmance mast pass by both howe within -@ weeks After Session.VP = order of Precedence | CONDITION vy EMbCUMEN TS shall not be mombey of Either es Thee Shall be a VP | 4 India | house of Parliament ov SLA > ea ighest office , | : ond — {fs Next to Prez) Ne salny © VP (ls = Salary for Ex-officio ehairmam of Rajya sabha only Elvetion of VP when Ading os free > He draws Ls salary of Pree * Blected Member < ps a TERM + Nominated Members a 5Yis Resigh Pree . QuALift CATION = Can hold office beyond berm ungil Ciieen 35 “Qualified for Cledion | mews successor assumes CHAYAE- ° ° ; . eee SF mumber of R | - eiegible for reelection any “nor] Himes sShould noe — + rsition mot under Sadho kv! shan ie Office of profit. 2 Him amid Ansari ofpee prope RemovaL_ of VP. NemIN ation FOR ELECTION OH XPiO/ remoyed for Viotation of const” = Formal Impeachment — Not Required |= only voting Rs 1s Required. Subscvibed | Some Neel] Charges X°VP ts framed '9 RS by by %@ 20 20 MP” mp Pro posts proposes — Secondes seid Sign *, we members “AIL Comdiclate, must daposit Seasyi ty oj % 1000 F RBI Wumaagy Noke OVP d Lt tess than oF 16.667 Vo tes Reolr u initiated with mumbers | ign = Seurity forfetted. Onth — (469) G Prez [He may appoint any Person ow 6 ehaty J iA Agree woah show's (sump 4} am ; only t Removed Reso!” Should bos by segue?IMPEACHMENT REMOVAL oF OF Presipent ve Lan be Initiated ine © In Ls]Rs peccl speciak -- Ls Effective —, Rs ie ager ty majority Nps simple majority? LS V4 days ty days Nokee Notice VACANEY Expiry of terme — Byrs Resignation | Removat [Death using demure ] Disquatifed Eluber-se PoweRe - Exopide Aairmon of RS Aus As Prez pwhen VOCany counts due fo nenign/ death [Pet (0 STRUCTURE OF “Council _ OF MINISTERS ATy ~ There shall be o CoM headed 4 | by ministers to the Pre #74(2) - The question whether anys «nd $e what, advice wou tendered z all vot be inquired into In any court. 4E15 Appointment of 7M Prez ; + Lendan +f mojorihy party In b> + Leader of Large party or coalihon , Wns = 1979 “(Chavam Singh) “Death o¢ PM ( Prez Can appoint " Cr pecan ti | by 41990 Hc cont dees nok Yequive a person © prove bis majority be fore appointive, # PM ; + Person not & member of ther Howe 4 Pox amen 0) beceme PN bat thes house rgngahd beume member of etthas : J within 6 months 1 Oath :- President Ferm 9 yts : Tit pleasure of Prez (50 tong oa enjoy Moforthy of LS) j by Pm f aid and advice the Prez [#15- pm ts appointed by Prez 417 - Conduct of business of Gove Aeqa- Dukes of PM fo furnish laforvrotion the Prez Prez a) © De Tue Head De Facto Head Nominal Head Reak Head Head state Head of te Govt Resigh - fez | Satooy te Darouninted byp Pealiomonte | | Power of PM — #78 In pulation to COM nucormneads mambo te Mee \ appotwed as Minister i Aliocates y Reshuffles Portfetia | | Ask: a minister to nesign > Prexides rnseting of COM | Suporvises , Dissolves the Com \ ee\ s In Relation 4p Prez ~prindple channel of Communication Ye Prez ty COM on all matters ~ Advises tke Prez - appointment of imp offizals CAG -CcAG, urse, Ec. FC Im Rekation to Pariamenk ~ Leaden of Loksabha Advives Pee be summon & plovogue a nexsion Recommend dissolution of LS to Pee — Announces govt policies ow froor of be hewe Other Powers of PM + Cheif Spokesperson of Union | cest}0 #50 pM “opr? | Rea, Leader & Political Wad of mation, Chairperson of Vonious oxge’ > Nutt hayog a Inter- state cow Natenal water resource Cound , Noatenar LEmtegvaton coundl Natrona Development Council Deputy PM = The office of Depuby Minister > not muntioned nm the cond” Sarday vollobtat fetel (1947 L L- Ae k- Advent (2062- 00h) » charam Stngh + was Hs only PM under whose regime Pocritament Never Mee 1 Nonda — was the [atorum pm for 2 ims ssandav Vs Patet—> L depuby mm of (adi. «Moraryt Desai? 1 adepuby PM after dommencamune te Const” » Gulzavilal Cree fer Limes. 1999 and 1990 anes 2pm hekhar vp Singh & Chandos Oe eee alas et Pm of Indio Councit OF MINISTERS ~ A ppointrvent The OM headed by PM inated by the Pree & otner ministers Gre als6 appointed by free an advice a 75(4)- The oath F office of & ae aainister. Is asdeninistere A by Pree. Salary = Determined by Parlianunt | STRENGTH oF COM The Original Const” Aid not mention cout the strength of COM Atte 9° AA (2003) ue Sereagho of eninister Cincluding eM Bhould vol exceed 157. 4 the botat Strengtin of LS ( #75C1A)) (Note: Not tu Hkab strength 4 te Parttament) ~1980Composit NTION OF COM nen oe Cabinet Ministers: Ik knowns Wate nster Mobs | | ©} Gove 1 4 Smait bod 1 . 1 Gov vie i of mpertont ministes | _ Based on Bitsh Pattern ie iemce> Finance, Ext . ) a “ teoal Rs/ the council of | Ls Lawertouse| Seater per House | second the House 0} pose] * Highest decision making body Fist Chamber | | | | + Cheif Advisory body to Pree Chommbe } Home 24, House of Common ; . “ + Attends cabinet meetings [cenresn Popular Howe Max nister of State Strength Attached to Cabinet ministers or A given Independant chargeef mal oe cee ministries [Dep &: : Curt 245. + Work Undtn supervision of CO es Strength 233 bh “Do not attend meetings of Cabinet fleded — Rominaked unless thetr aministry | discussed JN Deputy Minister Ga # sAtcauned to Cabs ministers Minister of JOG Clecion «Not given Indepenclent: Charge, “ « Do vot attend cabinet meetings be by Blected Members of SLA ORDER OF PRECEDENCE + proportional representation » Single tromsferable vote 1 Pas + Sanks as per a 2. Cabinet Ministers per Poel 3. Mimister of State UP 31 (Max) 4. Deputy Aninister Mino maniprs egy Brot 2 Gon: Tipana ‘i, i Ras fait V the Union Legislature Nagahand 1 Mizo, Sikkem ‘gry-i2g | (Delhi ~ 3, Pudu—1) Reviamenr Composition o) Ls Ofez @Ls @ Ps Fixe mia Max Skates : ; bp Strength = UT _ Pariiament Is Legislative wing of aes waa $30 * 26 “i Union GovtCurrent — Max Strength Strength = sh Bot B+ 2 54s Cot can -1978) / by fee ~ Angle Indian Commun unity + THIS provision Was Kil 1960 , but HE ha» Cxtemded Hil 2020 by gsthcna Romoves = loyean 2019 oad Directly eketed by Prople — Based on Universal Adult Franchise Ceveny citizen above I gis cam vole ~ Voting Age was reduced from 2 be 18 by BI CARY 199? ~ max UP YO 7MH>WB> BIZ TN | _uT( dinek Eukion fo Howe 4 1e)| 4 Peple ) | | Elector for Same State jor RS Ack 1965 Mox- vei ~ tledion based on Univeral Adie if Franchise Duration OF wo Houses Rasya sasha LOKsABHA a Rast constituked 9 «Non Conti nos 1952 Chaynber + continuns & Pema Normal 5 yrs net body & Never dissolves arom eae dake of + ye member rekve L making After | Wery Second year Gena cettion ap issoll soma anaes net a fixed on per mst ates te tome depends on Pax lioment «Term yrs . Tem Con be Stetes UTS waminatey + Must be eg | tron he extended during - Extemsion cannot Continue beyond 6 rnontws after umergen -y Is finished. Quatification for Membership of Parliament Le citizen of India Qs + Nod tess than dD yrs Lo Nor les than 25 ys Representabisn of Pesple Ret 1951 ( Addivional Gualifreation of m?) cstered as an eleckor Partiamentary Constitunng “in ony state [ut in ladia member as bun repealed fn 2003 [= r Yastants ko contest on resevvahon rust be registered as 5c or ST elects 5 of sc] sT 8 Contest » Member on Seats not veserved- | Members of 10k belonging sefst exved seact- Ee cone te Nodonal Emergeny | pe Lye sk ake Ony 92 of HimesDisa VALIFCATIONS FoR MEMBERSHIP OF ParLiamMent (4 102) Representation of people act 195) (Additonal disqualification of WE + Guitty of clecion effencer o” covrapton| 1 offence raulting * convicted fe 2 of more years imprisonment for + Failed f lodge olecton expense within time. + Should trot have Interest I Govt contyacts cdismissed © Must not have been corvuphion from govt servies for or disloyalty Must not have for preaching been punished soa wnimes On Grounds of Anti Defection Adaca in (0 schedule, 52“ can 1985 membership Voluntarily gives up sekel he 9} porey on whose 4 ls elected. Votes of Abstatns (vom voting 0 howe ogainst party If Independemtly elected Members joins poli Heat party: iy mominaked member joins poli teal party after © month 1H 102(2) usstion | Ot jo schedule +9 be decided by Chairperson oF Speaker 7 Subject to judtetad teview ( $c- 1992) Cuntourrabititd)s jou quolification Merger ; ‘ Split Lia jsq tab zn disqi “Led, disqualify OY Vacating & Seats MP “Double Membership Disqualification + Resignation + Absence Mtenouk permission howe v4 Aan’ atid Ferme = other Casts: expelled 4 house Elected & other paw Elen void Oath: Prez | amy person cagpointed by him. Iney Presiin 6 OFFICERS RS Ls Chaieman Speaker Deputy onaixmam deputy Speaker Pome — 6 persons Panel — 10 mambers Erection & Tenure of SPEAKER « Elected by LS amongst Ws mombers a soon 4 is L meeting of house pote of election fixed by Prez. * Dusation office Till Lok sabha exists but his Seat goes not Vacate o dissolution of Ls2 Deus a» Ex officio chairman | + He appoints He vemaine In office Immediately before the L merting of Mew LS Speakers post may vacate if Resign —> Deputy Spearer Removal— Reso” in Ls with effective majority (iu days netic given prior rectum) _ Im sudh Londitien he cannot preside te office But cam speak ,cast vole In proceedings of Ls (os MP) Role and Powers & functors q Speaker ~ Maintains ‘he ovder amd decorum a the house = Adjourns ( break/ put on hd) tre house | Suspends We howe absence of Qudvuwn (™" ae) = Peesides over Jount sitting (GA Srol Yu 2 houses (zt103)ermergency ) Buh sitting summoned by Prez . — tan Cast Vote In Case of dealock Ccasting vete) — Decides a bill @ money Bill oF rot Decides Qyarigs corion of member % Ls ( subjet fo judiciad naview) ne \ter -posifamentary group of Union the Chairman of te Committees of the Ls He 1 Busines Mdvisory committer Is the UAairman of + Rules wommitter © Cqenerak pur poe Comm’ thee & bake part i Powers of speaker Is from > const” Rule of procedure & corduct of tu puriness of he Ls Residuary pacer yemane with peak . that ose vot written in above © Deputy Speaker fe | its members after electing speak «Elected from main Opposition party 1 Date of election fixed by Speaker 1 Not subjugate speaker ound Is duredly responsivle to Ls + He becomes Onaismam of & cuiliamuntory committee aautomahically da as member of it. whon appointe « Ads & Speaker akin Ail Wis powers lurney Ia his Qdosence Deputy speakers post may vacate if 1. Resigns to Speaker Removal effeakive majority Cig days note givun petor Tesolubon cendition he cannot pruide He offie But con Speak & bake part in proceedings ef Ls 2. Repsol ia LS vith wm Sum Fre, oF CHAIRPERSON SF LS A pamel of chaty persons nol more tran lo mumbers of LS elected by Speaker. Maenttoned in Rules of Ls % Nol In Lona? + Preside the Nouse Anglime | absence % Speaker | Depuly Speakeralana en nen * Bi wk thee members cannot proide Me house when offre f Speaker cmd Deputy Speaker Is vacant + During Such Hme pie2 appoints fru speaker oF Dep. speaker PRo-TERM SPEAKER Appointed by Prez for Presiding me Lo 1 meeting > Takes oath infront of Pree ~ Usually Senior most member |S elected Temporary speaker - Has all powers of Speaker. Administers Oath to navly elected membors = Enables houses to elect new Speaker Upon election of mew Speakers .|O tne proterm Speaker ceases to exist. CHAIRPERSON OF RS Vice ~Prez by Default bewomes presiding officer of RS wy Ex-officio Unairmam. + whon Ve au as Pree he does nok Gk as Chakr person of RS + Chairman of Rs 1 femnoved from office when vemoved from YP post ornerwise Tot Nog a member ef Rs but can Cast in equality °{ voles tohile rewdlution Cannot ast vote deration for yemoval |s Under ens! | Chaivman of Rs |, Salary as Per Por Ion ent Consoli dated. fund | + Charged on of india > Safary 1s not subject 40 | annual vote Powers stmilar to thot of peakss except . can't decide a pill mono bill + can'h pletde- joint sexton derury CuaiRma” of Rs elected by RS amongst its members Not subjugate to RS & dicuty Yesponsible & Rs = Ads as Chairpeson with all Ws Powers In hic absence Poputy chaivman's post May voxate ifs —sasigns eto Chairman ENERbmoval —» Res!” tn RS with Effukive majority In such cmd, be fannot provide bur Gan speak % taka park im proceeding » of RS Panel of Vice- chairpersons of Rs mot move than G mM gts Oleutea by Uhairman Mento ned in Ruler ef Rs, not 9 Const” _ Prortde the Wome amuytsine in apsene 4 Chairman or D. Charman Buk thse mombers Cannot Prerde uahen office of Chaiimam f 8+ Chaiemaoa bs Vatout