ANSWERS - AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice ~ Dynamics SECTION A ~ Linear Dynamics Solution LAs T; is more vertical, it i supporting more of the weight ofthe ball. The horizontal c ‘components of T, and Tare equal ‘Normal force is perpendicular to the incline, fretion acts up, parallel to the ineline (opposite the E. ‘motion of the block), gravity acts straight down, 3. SP= ma; mgsind f= ma © 4. There” force between objects is the applied force times the ratio ofthe mass behind the rope tothe toal mass being pulled. This ean he derived from a= Flys 8nd Fy = Myint se ot 5. SF=ma:mg-bv=ma B 6. Fy = EY where Fy is found from ZF, = O= (Fy ~mg~ Tsin0) A 7. BR =0= Fein © Fy —W B 8. The bottom of the rope supports the box, while the top of the rope must support the rope itselT and the box. 9. The vertical components of the tension in the rope are two equal upward components of Teos®, D ‘which support the weight. SF, = 0=2Tcas® ~ W 10, P= mg~kx (the negative sign merely indicates the direction ofthe spring force relative to the E displacement) 1. BP esmi = Mit B mg_is the only force acting from outside the system of masses so we have mg = (4m)a 12, W=me D 13. Fy =mgeos8, cos® = adjacenthypotenuse = 4/5 ¢ 14. Three vectors add to zer0 if they form the sides ofa triangle, there is no requirement they be A equal or parallel, though itis possible, 15, Any curvature of the line in a dt graph indicates a non-zero acceleration c 16. Motion ina straight line does not mean the speed is constant. Simple harmonic motion is « constantly changing velocity and can only oceur with an acceleration. Motion ina circle requires centripetal acceleration 7. SF 1; Fy ~ mg = ma Let Fy = 50 N (the maximum possible tension) amd m= Wie 3 ky B 18, The sum of the tensions in the chains (250 N+ Tj) must support the weight ofthe board and B the person (125 N + $00 N) 19, From symmetry, each chain support half of the weight ofthe board (62.5 N), The weight of the B. ‘person is then split between the chains with the left chain holding 375 N~ 62.5 N= 312.5 N ‘and the right chain supporting 250 N— 62.5 N = 187.5 Nor 3/5 of the tension in the left chain, ‘This means ifthe person sits a distance x from the left end, they sit a distance (5/3)x from the right end. This gives x+ (5/3)x=4 m 1Okwe a 20. SF = ma; 10 N— (BON cos6o" 103,104 Since the same force acts forthe same time in each direction, the velocity in exch direction is the same, The vector should then point ata 45° angle in the fist quadrant Consider that no part of the system is in motion, this means at each end of the rope, @ person pulling with 100 N of force is reacted to with a tension in the rope of 100 N. As vis proportional and ais proportional to wit, this means a should be proportional sin 30°—mg F = ma gives 20 N= (5 kg)aor an acceleration of 4 mvs?. The 2 kg block is accelerating due to the contact force from the 3 kg block Foeag = ma= (2 kg)(4 m/s’) =8N. The 2 kg pushes back ‘on the 3 kg block with a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, ‘The direction of the force isthe same as the direction ofthe acceleration, which is proportional to Av=ve+C-¥) FP een = Mit ives (0.90 kg « 10 ms?) ~ (0.60 kg * 10 mis" ka Each spring supports half ofthe weight, or 6 N. F= kx gravity acts downward ‘At constant speed © _mgsin® (down), which gives F —F,— mgsin0 = 0, where Fr= py EP = ma~ Fos —f 0;,The forces acting parallel tothe incline are F (up), F (down) and wgcos0 and cosd = 4/5 f= Fy where Fy =mg—Fsind The string pulling all three masses (otal 6m) must have the largest tension, String A is only pulling the block of mass 3m and string B is pulling a total mass of Sm. AL sthe force is4N. F= ma ‘The upward component of the slanted cord is 300 N to balance the weight of the object. Since the slanted cord is at an angle of 45% i has an equal horizontal component. ‘The horizontal ‘component ofthe slanted cord is equal to the tension in the horizontal cord TThe normal force must point perpendicular to the surface and the weight must point down. In ‘order to accelerate up the ramp, there must be an applied foree up the ramp. Ifthe box is accelerating up the ramp, friction acts down the ramp, opposite the motion. TThe normal force must point perpendicular to the surface and the weight must point down. If the box is at rest on the ramp, frietion acts up the ramp, opposing the tendency to slide down TThe normal force must point perpendicular to the surface and the weight must point down. If the box is sliding down at constant speed, friction acts up the ramp, opposing the motion SF = Mit gives (M (omg) = (M+ ma To keep the box from slipping, friction up the wall must balance the weight of the block, or Fy img, where F;= Fy and Fy =the applied force F. This gives wF = mg eat ves (mg) ~(10.N Pn m +1 kg) mis") Friction opposes the motion of the block and therefore points to the let. The normal force is found from EF, ‘x mg ~ Fsin® and the force of friction Fy = uF ‘When an object exerts a force on a second object, the second abject exerts an equal and ‘opposite force back om the first object ° A wor o 9 E c A44 46, 47. 48. 49, 50, 5s 56. 31, 38. 39, 60. 61 Since P is at an upward angle, the normal force is decreased as P supports some of the weight. Since a component of P balances the frictional force, P itself must be larger than f. Newton's 2! law applied to an object sli horizontal surface, Dad, ng to rest gives EF = Fy =F =ma, Ona 's = mg and we have ~yumg = ma, or a=—jg. Use this acceleration with v2 F=ma=mawit R= ma=m(-2 mis) i Fete The foree of friction = wy 0.2 * 10 kg x 9.8 ms? = 19.6 N, which is ereater than the applied force, which means the object accelerating tothe left, oF slowing down F = ma gives 36 N = (24 kgja or an acceleration of 1.5 m! due tothe contact force from the 4 kg block Pox: MA The 20 kg block is accelerating (20 kg\(L5 mis") = 30N. ‘The upward component of the tension is Typ = Tsin@, where 0 isthe angle to the horizontal This gives T= Tyy/sin8. Since the upward components are all equal to one half the weight, the rope at the smallest angle (and the smallest value of sin8) will have the greatest tension, and ‘most likely break EF nal = Maes gives 3.0 kg « 10 mvs") — (1.5 kg x 10 mis) = (4.5 kg From the 1 kg block: F = ma mvs, For the system: F = (4 kg)2 mis") iving a= For three forces in equilibrium, any one of the forces is equal and opposite to the resultant ofthe ‘other two forces. Elevator physics: Fy represents the seale reading, ZF = ma; Fy. — my The velocity of the elevator is irrelevant. sma, or Fy = m(g +a), F = ma, if Fis doubled, ais doubled, If ‘Newton's third law halved, a will be doubled, F = ma gives 24 N = (12 kg)a or an acceleration of 2 m the tension in the rope Fy ~ ma~ (3 ke)Q2 mis") = 6N. ~The 3 kg block is acceler 1g due to Inertia is mass The normal force is mgcos®. For a horizontal surface, Fy = mg, At any angle Fy 28N. Since the net force on the block is great than stati friction ean hold, the block will begin moving up the wall, Since it is in motion, kinetic friction is acting opposite the direction of the block's motion Since P is at a downward angle, the normal force is increased. Since a component of P balances the frictional force, P itself must be larger than f Since the force is applied horizontally, the mass has no effect. Newton's thied law Ifthey are not moving, the net foree must be zero. While the book and crate are pushing each other apart, there is friction from the table pointing inward against each object on the table to keep them at rest. The only force inthe direetion ofthe crate’s acceleration is the force of friction from the sleigh Elevator physics: Fy represents the seale reading. EF = ma; Fy ~mg= ma, or Fy. = m(e+ @) ‘When Fx.> mg, the elevator is accelerating upward (ais positive) Changing direction (choices A and C (the astronaut is still orbiting the earth!) cannot occur ‘with a zero net force. Choices B and D represent accelerated motion A86. 97. 98, 99, 100. 101 102. ven that the box accelerates toward Ted, Ted’s force must be greater than Mario's force plus the force of friction, Since Mario’s force is sof Ted's force, the force of fretion must be less than half of Ted's fore, Fora Newton's third law pair just switch the nouns. ‘The component of gravity acting down the inctine (+s) is mgsin® and the component perpendicularly intothe incline (-y) is mgcos0. 36.9° indicates a 3-4-S triangle, EP = ma; F—mg = mg) or F = 6mg, Find + Fy —mg = 0, which gives Fy = 170 N. The force of fiction is equal tothe horizontal component ofthe force applied by the student which is FeosO = 86.6N. Fr= yy 19S Fyg = ON As the initial and final velocities and the displacement are given, as well as an indication that the acceleration is constant, this is merely a kinematics problem. v,? =v," + 2ad ‘The maximum value of stati friction inthis case is Fy = 120N. Since the person is pushi with only 60 N of force, the box remains at rest Between the lower block and the tabletop, there isa force of fiction to the left of maximum magnitude p(2W)as both blocks are pushing down on the tabletop. There is also a force of friction acting o the left on the upper surface of the lower block due to the upper block of ‘maximum magnitude uW. The total maximum static frictional force holding the lower block in place is therefore (2W) + pW ‘The normal force on the black ean be found from ZF, frietion necessary 10 hold the block in place ism mgsin gives WE, = mgsind = (F + mgcos®) {In equilibrium, mg = kx and the equilibrium position x = mgyk. In an accelerating elevator, we ‘can just adjust gravity to its effective value gay = g +, thus making the new equilibrium position mga’ Fy —mgeos0 ~F. The force of ind, Setting the force of frietion equal to ‘This isa tricky one. In order to move the ear forward, the rear tires rol back against the ‘round, the force of friction pushing forward on the rear tres. The font tires, however, are not trying to roll on their own, rather they begin rolling due tothe friction acting backward, increasing their rate of rotation Gravity is stil the only force acting vertically so we can find the total time in the air from matics: v, = Oat the top = vysin0 — the total time is twice the time tothe top, or 2vpsin6/g. In this 1g horizontally (think oF i as a “sideways” gravity) and inthis time, should return to its stating location. Using x= 0 = (vocos0)t + % a", where a= Fo/m and tis found above, we ean solve for 0 ‘The external forces aeting on the system of masses are the weights of block 1 pulling the system to the let), the weight of block 3 (pulling the system to the right) and the Foree of jetion on black 2 (pulling the system to the left with a magnitude wy = ym2g) EF grat ~ Mya ves (my — Juma —myg)— (my + ms + ms)a ma gives 30 N = (12 kg)a or an acceleration of 2.5 ms*. The 5 kg block is accelerating due to the tension in the rope Fy = ma = (5 kgy(2.5 m/s?) = 12.5 N. EP ect = Magid gives (5.0 kg * 10 mis") 8 kela (3 ky = 10 mvs" As they are all a the same position after 8 seconds, they all have the same average velocity 107103, 104. los, los. 107. 108. 109. Ho. nL 108 Car A decelerates with the same magnitude that C accelerates. Car B is moving at constant speed, which means Fy = 0 ‘When falling with terminal velocity the force of ar resistance equals your Weight, regardless of the speed. M-m For each case, 3F, ‘Maia gives Mg ~ mg = (M+ m)a, oF cn & Mam “The two ends of the light string must have the same tension, eliminating choices A, C and D. If choice F was correct, both masses would be accelerating downward and T, must be greater than the weight of block A. IF ~ ma, then m ~ Fla. For the second object m’ = 2F/Sa~ 2/5(F/a) = @/S)m. EP gna = Mul gives (M+ mg ~ Mg= 2M + ma {As the entire system moves as one, F = (3m)a, or a“ F/(3m). The force of friction acting on block | is the force moving block 1 and we have mg = m(F/(3m)) F a= mAvit This is really no different than any other incline problem. ‘The normal force on an incline with ‘no other forces acting into the incline is mgcos® Since the system is moving al constant velocity, m) is pushing ms and m) with a force equal to the force of friction acting on those two blocks, wich is (Fx: + Fxs) 2F econ ~ Mya gives (5 kg * 9.8 mis?) ~ Fy = (10 kg)a, where F i the force of iti fon the 5 kg block on the table: amy = 0.2 5 kp = 9.8 m/s* =9.8 N m > > =SECTION B ~ Circular Motion Newton’s third law Fan v= lth variables being constants quadrupled i doubled m With acceleration south the ear is atthe top (north side) of the track asthe acceleration points A toward the center ofthe circular track. Moving eas ‘The magnitude of the acceleration is found from a = indicates the car is travelling clockwise, 4. The frictional force acts asthe centripetal force (toward the center) D 5. Acceleration occurs when an object is changing speed andlor direction D 66. Velocity is tangential, acceleration points toward the center ofthe eiculae path B 7. ‘Tomoye in acircle a forve directed toward the center ofthe cirele is required, While the E package slides tothe right in the ear its actually moving in its original straight line path while the ear tums from under it 8. a= Veand v= 2n0/T giving a= ann? B 9% Once projected, the ball is no longer subject to a foree and will travel ina straight line wit E component of its velocity tangent tothe circular path and a component outward due tothe spring 10. There isa normal force directed upward and a centripetal force directed inward 11. a= Wie where v= 2nefand f= 2.0 revisee 12. AtQ the ball isin circular motion and the acceleration should point othe center of the circle. ‘ACR, the ball comes to rest and i subject to gravity asin fre fall 13. The net foree and the acceleration must point in the same direction. Velocity points tangent 9D the objects path 14, ‘The centripetal free is provided by the spring where Fe =F, = kx B 15, In the straight sections there is no acceleration, inthe ercular sections, there isa centripetal B acceleratio 16. Once the stone is stuck, it is moving in circular motion. At the bottom of the cirle, the A acceleration points toward the center ofthe eircleat that point 1. tess is when the normal force goes to ero, which in only possible going over the A. where mg (inward) — Fy (outward) = mR, Setting Fy to zero gives n speed of yen 18, Centripetal foree points toward the center of the circle 19, While speed may be constant, the changing direction means velocity cannot be constant as, B Velocity isa vector 20, P= mvt, Foey = 2m)2vy'/(2r) = Atenv"ir) = AF = 21. Assuming the track is circular atthe bottom, the aceleration points toward the eenter of the A circular path 22. Average speed = (total distance)(total ime). Lowest average speed isthe car that covered the 10910 least distance Asal the cars are changing direction, there must be a net force to change the direction of theit velocity vectors F = my"/e; = ePim, ifr decreases, v will decrease withthe same applied force, Also, v = 2x4f so 4n'r'/=rFim, or /= iia'rm) and as r decreases, increases. f= 4 rovisee, a= virand v= 2arf Femi ‘There is a force acting downward (gravity) and a centripetal Foree acting toward the center of the circle (up and to the right). Adding these veetors cannot produce resultants in the of B,C, Dor, EP = ma; mg + F Ae givi mvir—mg At the top ofthe circle, ZP = Fy + mg mv circle, EF = Fp—mg= mv"/R, giving Fr (oi me) ving Fy = mv/R ~ me. Atthe bottom ofthe + mg The difference is (mv“/R + mg) — At the bottom of the swing, ZF = Fy ~ mg mac; sine the tension is 1.5 times the weight of the object we ean write 1.Smg—mg = ma,, giving 0.5mg = ma, Fr Rotating cylinder mg F,=mgito balance UF = pmv‘ir= mg, where v= 2ar which gives w= g(x’) Be earell Fis given in rew/min (45 revimin = 0.75 revsce) and 8.0m is there's diameterAP Phiysies Free Response Practice ~ Dynamics ~ ANSWERS SECTION A ~ Linear Dynamics 17681 we dboo n b. SF = ma; T-W~2F,=800 N; T= 5000 N ‘cooking atthe FIBD for the counterweight we have SF M=Ti(g-~a) where T = 5000 N gives M = 625 kg a and T i for each block gives Ws — moa. Adding the two equations gives Wo—fe(ms + myo)a,ora= 2 mis Kt a Ty 'b, Ty isin internal system force and will cancel in combined equations. Using 2Fecana! ~ Mit gives ‘T, -mjg—mag = (m, + ma)a, solving yields T2 = 6600 N. Now using EF = ma forthe load gives ‘Ty mg mya and T, = 6000 N a198sB2 ‘a. Note thatthe system is at rest. The only forces on the hanging block are gravity and the tension in the rope, “which means the tension must equal the weight ofthe hanging block, or 100 N. You cannot use the block on the incline because fiction is acting on that block and the amount of ftiction is unknown, b. r oh LEN ce. EF=0;4, +mgsind—T=0 givesf, = 13N T9RGBI 4 SPecat = Myo Meg —Myg—Mag = (ms +m; + m,)a gives a= 14 m/s® b. For the 4 kg block: =F=ma te mg—T,=ma ake] sives Jag Te" 33.6N Similarly forthe 1 kg block: Ty ~mg~ma gives Ty = 11.2N t Dosa ‘mgs Where the maximum force of static friction on mass My is Nand N= Migs M2g— Mig = 0 ives = MIM fd, SF = my Where We now have kinetic frietion acting gives 80> (Myg— aM ygy(M, + Mz) EF = ma for the hanging block gives Mog ~ T= Mza and substituting a from above gives T= = juMig=(M, + M3) He +m) Tosa a | Teron J ¥ a b, SF=ma gives T~mg~maand T= 1050. . The helicopter and the package have the same initial velocity, 30 m/s upward. Use d = 630 mist + %5 5.2 m/s)" and d, = (30 mis) +46 (-9.8 mis", ‘The difference between dy and d, is 30 m, but they began Sm apart so the total distance is 35 m, 12Block A accelerates across the table with an acceleration equal to block B (2). Block A is still in motion, but with no more applied force, Block A will move at constant speed across the table. ‘Since block B falls straight to the flor and stops, the distance between the landing points is equal to the horizontal distance block A lands from the edge ofthe table. The speed with which block A leaves the tabletop isthe speed with which block B landed, which is found from v (2, ) fig and the time for gt, which gives ¢ —t_ ao . constant velocity means SF = 0 where SF era! = mg sin® + mag sin @—f— solving for M gives M= (m) + ma) sin 0— Gilg 4. Applying Newton’s second law to block | gives EF = m)g sin 0~ f=mja which gives a~ g sin 0— fm, b. f= WN where N= mig .cos 8 gives pt 0S or a Noone syn! b. The tension inthe rope is equal to the w EF, =T+N—mag=0 gives N= 100N cc. Forthe climbing student 2F = ma; T~ mye. 4. For student A to be pulled off the floor, the te student is not pulled of the floor. ‘e. Applying Newton's second law to student B with a tension of 700 N gives SF = T~ mpg = mga and solving ives a= 1.67 mist of student B: ning = 600 N mya gives T= 615 N ‘must exceed the weight of the student, 700 N. No, the 119= Avit= 2.17 ms" and used = ¥4 at" to find d= 975 m. The xand y components ofthe tension are T, = Tsin O and T, = T-cos (this is using the angle to the vertical) Relating these tothe other variables gives T sin @ = ma and T cos @ = mg. Dividing the two equations gives tan O= alg = (2.17 mis?)(9.8 aw's*) and @= 12.5" i There are other methods, but answers are restricted to those taught to this point inthe year. i, A dovice to measure distance and a calibrated mass or force seale or sensor ji, Hang the mass from the bottom of the spring and measure the spring extension (Ax) or pull onthe spring with a known force and measure the resulting extension. iii. Use hooke’s law with the known force or weight ofthe known mass F = kAx or mg = kAX and solve for k b. Many methods are correct, for example, place the object held by the scale on an inclined plane and find the KAN, One could similarly use a pulley system to reduce the effort applied by the spring 0 ifthe sed moves at constant speed. This gives mg sin ® — f= 0, or f= mg sin 8 = 63.4 N mg e0s 8 so u=f7N = (mg sin O)/(mg eos 0) = tan 0 = 0.27 ™ b. ZF, =0;N+Tsin @—mg=0 gives N=mg~Tsin@=177N cc. f=¥N=38.9 Nand EF,“ ma; T cos 8~ f= ma yields a= 0.64 ms? aoe 4198M b. Fan be resolved into two components sin acting into the incline and Fos 0 aetng up the nce. ‘The normal fre is then calculated wth 3F = 0, NF sin Omg cos =O and Putting this teeter gives ST ~ ma: F cos Omg sin w(F sin 0 * mg eos) = ma, slve fora «. far sonstant velocity, a~0 in the above equation becomes F cos Omg sinO~y(F sin + mg cos 0)= solving for F gives F = mg (OS 2t822) must emain positive. Thats cos > sn, ortan 8 <1 (pests §) In order that F remain positive (acting tothe right), the denominator OT ‘8 Combining the person and the platform into one object, held up by two sides ofthe rope we have ZF = ma; 2T = (80 kg + 20 kee giving T= SOON b. Similarly, SF = ma; 2T ~ 1000 N = (100 kg)(2 mvs) giving T = 600 N ©. For the person only: SF mma gives 207M "| Ai & “4 b. EF, =0:N+F; sin ~mg=0 givesN=mg—F; sin EFL =ma; F) cos 8 yN= may. Substituting N ftom above gives y= (F) cos ma, )(mg.~F sin 6) 4 e. The condition forthe block losing contact is when the normal force goes to zero, which means friction is zero as Well. EFL = Fg 008 O= Maga And EF, ~ Fy Si 9 mg =O giving Frag mgl(sin 0) and dye, = (Pay C08 ym whieh results in dyn = £04 0 118aH = me ing dovnvatd ah pie deton, mg -N =a, vee = mig) = 280 N BL Freon thy bron reeset SF = = ma = 0 2: “Attheminimim cout of fan st con sl bette mci ae = EN vag = ON = (Goo ON) 028 : d. y=Yo+Vott Bat 1s (2 mis*)t*, solving for Suton ghost poms Tae re Fe] ee i A |” fag > 116 my For the hanging block: Mg T= Ma; For the to blocks on the plane: T— fs =(m, +ma)a inate T) and solving for a gives a ‘Combining these equations (by adding them to elai f= nome 18 giving ay = shi Mga he i T For the to blocks: Mg—T=Ma; and T—f) — f= la ing values for 4. The magnitude of the acceleration decreases as the ball moves upward. Since the velocity is upward, air resistance is downward, inthe same direction as gravity. The velocity will decrease, causing the force of air resistance to decrease. Therefore, the net force and thus the total acceleration both decrease. b, Atterminal speed EF = 0. EF =-Mg + kvy giving vy = Maik It takes longer for the ball to fall. Frition is acting on the ballon the way up and on the way down, wher begins from rest. This means the average speed is greater on the way up than on the way down, Since the distance traveled is the same, the time must be longer on the way down. a ne @ (Apply Pao =0 Fray) =O Ty cos 30= mg Trsin30= Ty Ty, =2037N Ty = 10.18 N TooTBL a) (b) SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS Fay) = 0 30+ Ty sin 60mg. Fa T, 00s 30 =T, eos 60 Tesi Solve above for Ty and plug into Fnet(y) eqn and solve T.=24N ° Ty=42N 47° 4) 2 8 IN ‘The horizontal component of the tension supplies the horizontal accelerato T,=ma=0.5 ‘The vertical component ofthe tension is equal to the weight ofthe ball, asin(ayii. T= 1N Since there is no acceleration, the sum ofthe forces must be zero, so the fension is equal and opposite to the weight ofthe ball. Ty =zer0, IN ‘The horizontal component of the tension is responsible forthe horizontal component ofthe acceleration. Applying Newton's second law: Tr, = ma cos 8, where 0 isthe angle between the acceleration and horizontal Ty = (0.10 kgX5.0 mvs") cos 30°, Ty = 0.43 N The vertical component of the tension counteracts only part ofthe sravitational force, resulting in a vertical component of the acceleration Applying Newton's sceond law. T= mg — ma sin @ T= (0.10 kg} 10 m/s!) ~ (0.10 keX5.0 mis") sin 30 75 N Since there is no horizontal acceleration, there is no horizontal component ofthe tension. T, = zero Assuming for the moment that the string is hanging downward, the centripetal isthe difference between the gravitational force and the tension. Applying Newton's second law. mv"/r= mg T,, Solving for the vertical component of tension: ‘T, =~ 1.S Nie. the siring is actually pulling down on the ball.SECTION B ~ Circular Motion 19772 1 = normal force; 2= friction; 3 = weight b. Friction, f= uN where N = Mg. Friction provides the necessary centipetal fore so we have f= MIR MVR < Mg. or 1 VRE Mg 4. from the diagram below, a component of the normal force N’ balances gravity so N’ must be greater than mg ToRaT ‘At the top of the path, tension and gravity apply forces downward, toward the center of the cirele. SF =T+mg= 2Mg + Mg=3Mg Inthe eircular path, which gives 3Mg = myo"/L and vo = 319 «The ball is moving horizontally (¥o,~ 0) ftom a height of 2L so this ives 21 t= 2 fia t= JBI «2 JP g = 281 Myg'R: Vertical forces: T sin = Mg. Squaring and adding the equations gives 1191997 ‘a. The circumference of the path, d, can be calculated from the given radius. Use the timer to obtain the period of | revolution, t by ti ber of revolutions and dividing the total time by that number of revolutions. Caleulate the speed using v= 4/t b. Ifthe cord is horizontal, T= my"ir (5.5 N~5.8 NV(S.B N) * 100 =—5, ' Teneo weight ji, The cord cannot be horizontal because the tension must have a vertical component to balance the weight of the ball iil. Resolving tension into components gives T sin @ = mg and T cos @ = mv"/r which gives ® = 21° [99985 sumferencelperiod = 2 R/T = 2x(0.14 myi(L.S 8) = 0.6 mis The coin will slip when static fiction has reached its maximum value of v= (iar = 0.83 mis 4d. It would not affect the answer to part (c) as the mass cancelled out of the equation for the speed of the coin nv'lr which gives 200181 bb. ‘The minimum speed occurs when gravity alone supplies the necessary centripetal foree atthe top of the (1. tension is zero and is not required). Therefore we have Mg = Mv /Ro & _Atthe bottom of the swing SF = ma becomes T~ Mg “VR and solving. for Vn V6 ta = fE a) 4. Atpoint P the ball is moving stig up, the string breaks that Sraght wp, slowing down unlit reaches a maximum eight and fl st iat, the ball would continue to move ight back to the ground, 120Tsin® =v, Substituting [otsindtand -myyIr and vis related to the ); T 0 0 mg =O gives = (T os 8g Thccetipetl fares suppled by the horzentl component ofthe tension: F the value om found in part band he radius as sin ives v subsittng the answer above int = 2f gives f= 2: [FE The ntl velocity ofthe balls hvimeal and th basque raecor is parole To "The cetrpetal fore is provided by the w period ofthe motion v= 2ar/P. This ives mag = 222 b. 4d. Using the slope ofthe line 0.038 kw/*) in the equation from part be an (SS) ‘The quantities that may be graphed to give a straight line are P* and I/ms, which will yield a straight line with a shpe of a? (2) Vins (ke 4» so 128 ms (ke) 0.020 0.090 | 0.060 0.080 Po) 1.40 1.05 0.80 075 PE) 1.96 110 0.64 056 Ps) 2.50 2.00 150 1.09 080 9.00 3040 afm, (1/ks) 50 _ sg 9.97 mis wawhere v= 2arf= 2ar(I/n) = 2r= 10 mvs giving F = 1000 N provided by the normal force c. EF, =0 so the upward force provided by fiction equals the weight ofthe rider = mg = 490 N 4d. Since the frictional foreeis proportional to the normal force and equal tothe weight of the rider, m will cancel from the equation, meaning a rider with twice the mass, or any different mass, will not slide down the wall as ‘mass is irrelevant for this condition, ‘Toward the center ofthe tum we have ZF =N sin Wv'ir and vertically N cos 0= mg. Di expressions gives us tan 0 = Wig and v= 16 mis ing the two. b. seman c. EFy = Neos 0 ~f'sin @~ mg =0 and SP, = N sin @+ feos @ mv‘/r solve for N and fand substitute into f= BN gives finn = 0.32 T9986 bei. ‘The horizontal velocity is constant, the vertical motion i fre fall and the path is parabolic ‘The ball falls straight down in free fll v2