Recovering the Stolen

Pakistan General Elections 2024

Version 1.0

13th February, 2024

 1

“The evidence that it was blatantly stolen is in the public domain and it’s possible to
demonstrate the lies without having to do “he said/she said” stuff” — Ryan Grim, The
Intercept1

The Pakistan elections were held on 8th February 2024. In the run-up to the elections, the
massive pre-polling rigging to minimise the chances of PTI is by now well-documented.2 3 4 5
The authorities tried to subvert the elections by banning the leading party’s symbol (a huge
barrier in a country with low literacy rate where the symbol becomes synonymous with a party’s
candidate); shutting down the internet and blocking party’s websites; banning and jailing the
leading candidate; police raids; abducting candidates and their families; and voter suppression6
tactics like dispersal of voting places of same family members residing together across far off
polling locations. Unlike the US where voters can vote at any polling location within their county,
in Pakistan, voters are assigned specific polling stations based on their residential address.

The legal strangleholds applied to PTI prior to elections include the decision on 13th January,
2023 by a three-member bench of the apex court headed by none other than Chief Justice of
Pakistan (CJP) Qazi Faez Isa through which they revoked the electoral symbol (bat) of PTI
compelling the PTI candidates to contest as "PTI-backed" independents with a vast variety of
confusing electoral symbols. Another pertinent legal chokehold was that the Supreme court set
aside the precedent of assigning judicial officers as Returning Officers (election officials) - who
proved in the past to be more impartial and resistant to undue pressures - and adjudged that the
same government bureaucrats who served as tools of oppression during the caretaker
government would serve as Returning Officers.

In this report, the events unfolding on and after the polling day are documented. In particular,
the grave issue of delayed and manipulated results is covered.

Structure of Elections

In order to provide context, it is crucial to understand the structure of elections in Pakistan. Each
constituency is divided into multiple polling stations, typically ranging from 200 to 400 with
assigned voters. At each polling station, a Presiding Officer, appointed by the Election
Commission of Pakistan, oversees the proceedings. Additionally, a Returning Officer is
designated for an entire constituency and issues the final result of that constituency after
consolidating the results from all polling stations within that constituency.
1
https://x.com/ryangrim/status/1757043437222740331?s=20
2

https://churchcourtchambers.co.uk/michael-polak-chairs-independent-review-into-the-conditions-for-a-free
-and-fair-election-in-pakistan/
3
https://criticalmuslimstudies.co.uk/staged-elections-pakistan-2024/
4
https://time.com/6556335/pakistan-election-imran-khan-nawaz-sharif-military-pti/
5
https://democracywatchpakistan.com
6
https://theintercept.com/2024/02/07/pakistan-election-pti-imran-khan/
 2

What is Form-45?

Following the conclusion of polling, the Presiding Officer, in the presence of all polling agents
representing their candidates, counts the ballot papers. Subsequently, the Presiding Officer
issues a Form-45 to all polling agents, delineating the number of votes received by each
candidate at that particular polling station. This form is signed and authenticated by the
Presiding Officer, and witnessed by all polling agents, thus conferring it official status.
Furthermore, Form-45 is publicly displayed outside each polling station for scrutiny by the public
and media and is used by the media to issue preliminary election results.

What is Form-47?

While the Form-45 provides results at the individual polling station level, Form-47 aggregates
the results for an entire constituency. This form consolidates the data from all signed Form-45s
received from different Presiding Officers in the presence of contesting candidates or their
representative and is attested by the Returning Officer, who is responsible for the constituency
as a whole. Generally, the total of all Form-45 votes should always match with the Form-47 vote
count.

The Communication Blockade

Despite announcing that they would not block communications on election day and being
warned by Access Now (a global coalition of internet freedom NGOs)7 not to block phones or
the internet, the government implemented a countrywide shutdown of the mobile network just a
few minutes before voting commenced on 8th Feb 2024.8 This was a huge blow to voters trying
to message the number 8300 (a national voter SMS helpline) to locate their polling station,
coordinate travel, communicate the candidate symbols, and report rigging in a timely manner.

Polling Day Rigging and Result Manipulation

During the day, the turnout was impressive despite constant efforts by the authorities to
suppress voting or force PTI to boycott the elections.9 The exact percentage is still not
ascertained due to delayed results by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). As the
results started streaming in on social media and TV channels, it was clear that PTI-backed
independents were consistently in pole position.

7
https://www.accessnow.org/press-release/joint-letter-keepiton-pakistan-election-2024/
8

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/08/pakistan-election-phone-service-suspended-country-goes
-to-polls
9
https://theintercept.com/2024/02/09/pakistan-election-military-pti/
 3

At 3am, the national assembly results were as below, as per the accumulation of info from
polling station results10, based on their respective Form-45:

PTI (INDEPENDENTS) 154

PMLN 47

PPP 47

MQM 4

JUI 4

Unannounced 7

Similar numbers were reported by several other mainstream media channels including Hum TV
and Geo TV. As mentioned earlier, these numbers were based on the polling station results
(recorded on the so-called Form 45) that were communicated to the news channels.

10
https://x.com/raftardotcom/status/1755721864029053295?s=20
 4

Suddenly, as many constituencies neared completion of the results, the updates for further
polling stations were stopped at the news stations. HRCP deplored the fact that the election
results, which needed to be legally communicated by 2am by election officers, were withheld.11

“HRCP deplores the delay in announcement of #election results, which, under Rule 84 of
the Election Rules, should have been communicated by the returning officers to the
@ECP_Pakistan by 2 AM this morning and made public shortly thereafter. If, under the
Rules, the returning officers had incomplete results by this time, they were legally bound
to tell the ECP why, also indicating which vote counts were still awaited. This lack of
transparency is deeply concerning. Moreover, we see no plausible reason to attribute
this delay to any extraordinary circumstances that might justify it.”

During the time when the speed of election results slowed down considerably, there were scores
of documented cases of results manipulation, polling stations being taken over by army and
plainclothes officers, presiding officers prevented from issuing original Form 45; several
PTI-backed candidates getting arrested or tortured; ROs banning the entry of journalists in
office; ROs being beaten, removed or abducted from polling stations, ROs being asked to sign
blank Form-45s, ballot papers being burnt.12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 There are several
documented reports of PTI candidates being threatened to agree with the results.27

The events in Balochistan were especially concerning. Bags full with stamped ballot papers
were found in Balochistan's Mand area, bordering Iran.28 There were several blasts in
Balochistan during days leading to election day, in which several polling stations were
destroyed. Incidentally, there are some reports that PMLN won in those polling stations where
polling did not even happen.

11
https://x.com/HRCP87/status/1755892759091687748?s=20
12
https://twitter.com/warriorwca/status/1755954034815431052?s=61&t=g_ZkpCC5mrXhnbFwWnd5uQ
13
https://twitter.com/sherazi_silmian/status/1755639777817252246
14
https://twitter.com/ryangrim/status/1755697149705101453?s=46
15
https://twitter.com/MNAFaheemPTI/status/1755698699869536676
16
https://x.com/NKMalazai/status/1755611725716738427?s=20
17
https://x.com/pti_politics/status/1755549366285455790
18
https://x.com/saarbab/status/1755615365005262903?s=20
19
https://twitter.com/maanrehman/status/1755561288468484182
20
https://x.com/justujuuu/status/1755557874653163547
21
https://x.com/Champion___X/status/1755602948116328767?s=20
22
https://x.com/NKMalazai/status/1755587914132599107?s=20
23
https://x.com/NKMalazai/status/1755617476136603680?s=20
24
https://twitter.com/zubairkhanpk/status/1755632090882650581
25
https://x.com/Imt_Tahir/status/1755621966235517038?s=20
26
https://x.com/G4_gul/status/1755630401052147925?s=20
27
https://twitter.com/seckermani/status/1756959118001074518?s=61&t=mT9vjFLa98Dwz4P6TaQ2lw
28
https://twitter.com/maanrehman/status/1755561288468484182
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As official results later started streaming in on various channels, there were scores of bizarre
reversals. An example is the case of Rehana Dar who was leading with at least 49,000 votes for
NA 171 in Sialkot, Punjab.29 30

However, when the full results were announced, her rival Khwaja Asif from PMLN was declared
the winner. The Intercept covers the case as follows.31

“On Thursday night, election night, with her son Umar still in custody, she shocked the
country. With 99 percent of precincts counted, she had beaten that lifetime politician,
Khawaja Asif, with 131,615 to 82,615 votes. [...] Then came one more wrinkle — one
that many in Pakistan expected, but which was still shocking. When the full results were
announced, Dar’s total had been reduced by 31,434 votes, while Asif gained votes, and
he was declared the winner.”

In the NA-128 Lahore, PTI-backed Barrister Salman Akram Raja was leading by over 100,000
votes over the second best candidate. After one day, Barrister Raja was losing and Aun
Chaudhry (who has filed various charges and cases on Imran Khan) was declared the winner.
When the results were starting to be aggregated, Raja was evicted from the premises and his
assistant beaten.32 Later, even the RO was abducted.33 There have been similar bizarre
reversals in many places that were clearly a consequence of malicious and blatant result
manipulation.34 35 36 37 38 39

29
https://x.com/sh_basra/status/1755924897208103393
30
https://x.com/MalBokhari/status/1755612879041212431?s=20
31
https://theintercept.com/2024/02/09/pakistan-election-military-pti/
32
https://twitter.com/salmanaraja/status/1757030973311717549?s=61&t=tJjcG5pmZq_e9Hxx2KRQaQ
33
https://x.com/SalmanKNiazi1/status/1755918737104949376?s=20
34
https://twitter.com/warriorwca/status/1755954034815431052?s=61&t=g_ZkpCC5mrXhnbFwWnd5uQ
35
https://x.com/mobeen_hameed/status/1756013497782345942?s=20
36
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1756753257001587078?s=20
37
https://x.com/ehtashamabbasi/status/1756203483210932291?s=20
38
https://x.com/NaikRooh/status/1755727993899467088?s=20
39
https://x.com/ARYSabirShakir/status/1756684388882915637?s=20
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Based on the primary data of Form-45s, PTI independents form a clear majority in Punjab
provincial assembly, KP provincial assembly, and the National Assembly. In his authorised
message, Imran Khan stated that PTI easily secures majority in NA40:

“As per independent sources, we were winning in 150 constituencies before the rigging
began. As per Form-45s, we have won over 170 seats [out of the total 265]”

However, according to official ECP election results, PTI independents' seats are 93 in the
National Assembly. As further time passed, the number of seats for PTI according to official
ECP data barely increased whereas within the same timeframe, the PMLN’s NA seats which
according to initial ‘official ECP data’ were 47, have now moved to 75. These trends clearly
show that a massive nationalwide result manipulation was and still is being undertaken by the
state machinery to cut down the number of seats of PTI and increase the seats of PMLN. A
similar trend has happened in the Punjab provincial assembly.

Despite such blatant election manipulation, both by the manipulated ECP results as well as the
results based on the primary data of Form-45, PTI’s independents have won the elections. The
international media has affirmed that Imran Khan’s PTI-backed independents have been in the
leading position in the elections.41 42 However, the stealing of seats jeopardises the rightful and
significant mandate of PTI to form a government.

Admission by Other Candidates

Result manipulation by the state authorities has been so blatant that in several cases, it
embarrassed the other contestants or even winning candidates. In multiple instances, other
candidates have also affirmed the result manipulation.43 44 45 For example, a Jamaat-e-Islami
candidate testified that PTI's Yasmin Rashid defeated Nawaz Sharif in NA-130 of Lahore,
Punjab.46 In another case, contestant Hafiz Naeem-ur-Rehman, the officially winning candidate,
affirmed that he was not the real winner and that the seat was won by the PTI-backed candidate
in Karachi, Sindh.47 In NA 173, PMLN Candidate Molvi Tariq Chauhan himself accepted that
PTI's Nabeel Dahar won from NA173 Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab but PPP's Makhdoom Murtaza
was declared winner.48

40
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2455957/pti-secures-two-thirds-majority-in-na-claims-imran
41
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/10/world/asia/pakistan-election-imran-kahn.html
42
https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/02/12/pakistans-voters-tell-the-generals-where-to-put-it
43
https://x.com/imran_adv/status/1756308344040546345?s=20
44
https://x.com/NKMalazai/status/1756933343239647607?s=20
45
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1757233305236467836?s=20
46
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1756746438082740349?s=20
47
https://x.com/NaeemRehmanEngr/status/1756954692188275186?s=20
48
https://twitter.com/pti_politics/status/1756261172742119559?s=61&t=V7bXpaY32JRNpnuoT0CsTw
 7

The Country-wide Robbery Via Form-47

“Concrete evidence in form of all the Form45 of few constituencies substantiates claim of
PTI. Form 47s don’t tally forms 45s. Our ECP proved Stalin right. He had said those
count the ballots matter more than the voters.” — Bari Sarwar49

Most of the result manipulation has happened when aggregating the verified results of polling
station results. The votes for each candidate are tabulated at each polling station on the Form
45. Copies of Form-45 collected by PTI candidates' polling agents show them winning by
significant to huge margins.

However, Returning Officers (RO) manipulated the final results using Form-47, which is
supposed to be an aggregation of all votes recorded in all Form-45s from all polling stations in
an electoral constituency. In many cases, a PTI candidate was leading based on an aggregation
of votes received on Form-45s by huge margins. However, Form-47 was illegally prepared by
the RO in the absence of the PTI candidates and polling agents and the PTI candidate was
shown to be the runner-up in the ‘Official ECP result’. This is despite Pakistani electoral law
demanding consolidation of Form-45 and the issuance of Form-47 in the presence of all
candidates and their agents. However, in many instances, police force and state machinery
have been used to prevent PTI candidates from accessing the RO to join the tabulation process
on Form-47.50 51

In multiple cases, the PTI candidates / polling agents were not allowed to be present in person
while preparing Form-45. The Returning officers totally disregarded the actual Form-45 results
and prepared Form-47 based on “whatever deems right” favouring opponents of the Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party. Instances were reported where PTI-backed candidates were barred
from the Returning Officer's office during result compilation, in violation of Article 92 of the
Election Act, 2017 which clearly states that Returning officers shall prepare official results in the
presence of candidates or their representatives.

The matter was brought before the attention of Sindh High Court, highlighting the blatant rigging
perpetrated against PTI. As a result, the Sindh High Court intervened and prohibited the
Election Commission of Pakistan from announcing results until the discrepancies between
Form-45 and Form-47 were rectified for 25 seats.

PTIpossesses authenticated copies of Form-45, indicating victory in over 180 National

Assembly seats. However, the Election Commission of Pakistan, relying on tampered Form-45

49
https://x.com/BariSarwra/status/1756954904294224305?s=20
50

https://www.dawn.com/news/1813349/pti-alleges-form-47-of-18-na-seats-falsely-changed-by-returning-offi
cers#:~:text=The%20PTI%20said%20on%20Sunday,by%20returning%20officers%20(RO).
51

https://www.firstpost.com/world/pakistan-petitions-by-losing-candidates-flood-courts-as-imran-khans-supp
orters-challenge-poll-results-13714552.html
 8

documents, allocated only 93 seats to PTI. This discrepancy amounts to 87 seats, representing
48% of PTI's total National Assembly seats and 33% of the total national assembly seats.

The following table illustrates the distribution of National Assembly seats, region-wise, that are
being withheld from PTI.

Area Seats won by PTI Seats Seats being

PTI as per declared by stolen from
original ECP PTI
Form-45s

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 42 37 5

Islamabad 3 0 3

Punjab 115 55 60

Sindh 16 0 16

Baluchistan 4 1 3

Total 180 93 87

The scale of rigging across the above-mentioned 87 instances is so extensive that it cannot be
covered adequately in one document. Nevertheless, to provide a glimpse into the alarming
instances of rigging perpetrated against PTI, it is worth highlighting a select few cases. Here are
some egregious examples of National Assembly seats where Form-45 documents were
manipulated to favour the PTI opponent. The candidate in green is the actual winner but has not
been declared as the winner.

Constituency Candidate Votes as per Votes as per Manipulation of

Party Form-45 Form-47 Votes

NA-24I PTI 78,044 48,610 (29,434)

Karachi
PPPP 20,558 52,456 31,898
 9

Constituency Candidate Votes as per Votes as per Manipulation of

Party Form-45 Form-47 Votes

NA-57 PTI 101,073 56,789 (44,284)

Rawalpindi
PMLN 49,929 83,331 33,402

Constituency Candidate Votes as per Votes as per Manipulation of

Party Form-45 Form-47 Votes

NA-58 PTI 154,825 102,537 (52,288)

Chakwal
PMLN 128,914 115,974 (12,940)

Constituency Candidate Votes as per Votes as per Manipulation of

Party Form-45 Form-47 Votes

NA-46 PTI 85,793 44,317 (41,476)

Islamabad
PMLN 42,048 81,958 39,913

Constituency Candidate Votes as per Votes as per Manipulation of

Party Form-45 Form-47 Votes

NA-234 PTI 47,760 43,774 (3,986)

Karachi
MQM 8,567 73,687 65,120
 10

Amidst the 2024 General Election in Pakistan, some amusing yet alarming incidents of electoral
fraud occurred. Here are a few notable examples. There are dozens of similar cases.52

NA-47 Islamabad

In NA-47, PTI-backed Shoaib Shaheen had won with 46,307 votes compared to 19,536 by Tariq
Fazal Ch from PMLN after 71% of the polling stations had been covered. However, Tariq Fazal
was later announced as the winner!

NA-57 Rawalpindi

For example, In NA 57 Rawalpindi, after the compilation of all Form-45s by PTI the result from
NA 57 was as follows53: PTI backed Seemabia Tahir got 101,073 votes versus PMLN Barrister
Danyal’s 49,929 votes. PTI won by 51,134 votes but was made to later lose in the official
Form-47 issued! The detailed breakdown of the voting results in each polling station is
available.54 One of the candidates Chaudhry Muhammad Adnan, in Rawalpindi who took part in
nationwide polls from NA-57 constituency has been killed.

52
https://x.com/Jhagra/status/1755705554368946263?s=20
53
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1756142108107321423?s=20
54
http://form45.com/constituency_details/NA-57
 11

NA-130 Lahore

In the hotly contested NA-130, where former PM Nawaz Sharif competed, more oddities
occurred. PTI's Dr. Yasmeen Rashid, Ex Punjab Health Minister (who is in jail since last 8
months on account of politically motivated baseless charges registered against PTI senior
leadership), leading by huge margin based on signed Form-45.

However, the result took a shocking turn. Despite 18 candidates, the returning officer hastily
declared only 4 received votes, with 10 garnering zero, implying they did not even vote for
themselves! Without reconciling Form-45, the officer promptly announced Nawaz Sharif the
winner. Upon realising the mistake after social media uproar, a revised Form-47 was issued with
marginal votes allotted to those 10 candidates. It was truly a comedy of errors!

NA-158 Vehari

The 2024 election featured creative rigging tactics, but NA-158 stood out for its clumsiness. PTI
candidate Aftab Ahmed Khan received an impressive 111,196 votes, while his opponent had
103,052. Bizarrely, the returning officer simply switched the names on Form-47, causing PTI's
votes to drop to 103,052 and the opponent to jump to 111,196. A blatant manoeuvre!

NA- 236 Karachi

In a strange turn of events, the Form-45 for PTI candidate Alamgir Khan showed an impressive
110,000+ votes. However, the returning officer's Form-47 inexplicably only had 1,154 votes
recorded, just 1% of the actual tally. Worthy to mention, in the last election of 2018, Alamgir
Khan had bagged 37,035 votes (59% of total vote count) and won his seat.
 12

At present, PTI has digitally recorded the Form-45s of the relevant constituencies.55 The primary
data from the Form-45s and their respective results compilation gives evidence of PTI
candidates winning in these constituencies.56 The details of the form 47 manipulation are
recorded at https://insafpk.github.io/form45/ and have been covered in the international
media57. An independent effort on the same issue is http://form45.com which shows various
constituencies in which the candidate who lost has been declared the winner.

Some candidates are still outside the ROs’ offices and trying to secure all their Form-45s but
several ROs are not cooperating or are unavailable. Some of the laughable ways in which the
Form-47 has been illegally manipulated include the following: Form-45 vote count totals were
not matching with the Form-47 vote counts; the number of valid votes were larger than the
number of total votes casted, multiple lower-ranked contestants getting a total of zero votes, and
critical constituencies getting thousands of invalid votes whereas the same constituencies get at
most a few hundred invalid votes. In other cases, some polling stations that had later results
started reporting unusually high turnout such as 97%.

The international press has started to cover the blatant manipulation that is easy to establish.
Ryan Grim, journalist from The Intercept wrote58: “I think you’re seeing western press pick up on
this story because it’s not murky like claims of election rigging usually are.”

Similar to the national assembly, there is a massive discrepancy in the Punjab Provincial
Assembly tabulation.

Punjab Provincial Assembly

Seats won by PTI as per PTI Seats Seats being

Form-45 declared by ECP stolen from PTI

220 138 82

The Form-47 manipulation is so blatant that Jalal Khan (PML-N) who officially won PK-79 -
Peshawar-VIII was one of the worst performing candidates. PTI backed Taimur Jhagra won
convincingly in all the polling stations except four!59

55
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1icEWb54MCGuLJ4cToPYDXLHkM_wOeJ7n
56
https://insafpk.github.io/form45/
57
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1756766242608746871?s=20
58
https://x.com/ryangrim/status/1757043437222740331?s=20
59
http://form45.com/constituency_details/PK-79
 13

International Condemnation of the Election Handling

Many countries that have been relatively silent during the grave pre-poll rigging have now
condemned the pre-poll rigging and the manipulation of results. The UK Foreign Secretary,
David Cameron, raised serious concerns about the fairness of the elections.60

“We regret that not all parties were formally permitted to contest the elections and that
legal processes were used to prevent some political leaders from participation, and to
prevent the use of recognisable party symbols. We also note the restrictions imposed on
internet access on polling day, significant delays to the reporting of results and claims of
irregularities in the counting process.”

The US State Department has raised similar concerns.61

“We join credible international and local election observers in their assessment that
these elections included undue restrictions on freedoms of expression, association, and
peaceful assembly. We condemn electoral violence, restrictions on the exercise of
human rights and fundamental freedoms, including attacks on media workers, and
restrictions on access to the Internet and telecommunication services, and are
concerned about allegations of interference in the electoral process. Claims of
interference or fraud should be fully investigated.”

The EU issued the statement62:

“We regret the lack of a level playing field due to the inability of some political actors to
contest the elections, restrictions to freedom of assembly, freedom of expression both
online and offline, restrictions of access to the internet, as well as allegations of severe
interference in the electoral process, including arrests of political activists. We therefore
call upon the relevant authorities to ensure a timely and full investigation of all reported
election irregularities”

60
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-statement-pakistan-elections
61
https://www.state.gov/elections-in-pakistan/
62

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/02/09/pakistan-statement-by-the-high-repr
esentative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union-on-the-general-elections/?s=08
 14

Dozens of US members of Congress have condemned the election result manipulation.63 64 The
Commonwealth Observer Group stated in its preliminary findings that PTI was stopped from
campaigning via detentions etc. and it also condemned Chief Justice's decision to take away
PTI electoral symbol ' decision as it "curtailed the right of voters".65

Looking Ahead

Unfortunately, the state apparatus is still busy in acts to cement / provide basis to their earlier
hastily conceived and comically executed Form-47 based rigging of final results by
systematically eroding the entire custodial chain of election results and ballots and violating all
safeguards in the elections rule. They have resorted to changing poll officials after the elections
to those who are more amenable to do their bidding. Creating from scratch, rigged Form-45s to
match their released Form-47s and forced poll officials to sign them. In some instances, they are
hunting the polling agents of candidates to force them to countersign these newly created
Form-45s. Reports are emerging noww of creating new stamped ballots to match these forged
Form-47s / Form-45s thereby rendering any future recount of ballots a pointless exercise.

Going forward, it is absolutely critical that the voters are respected, the stolen seats are
recovered and PTI-backed candidates are allowed to form governments in KP, Punjab, and in
the centre. This is the democratic right of the party that has won a majority by significant
margins in all the three relevant parliaments. The other parties and their contestants are also
requested to show a spirit of democracy.

Acknowledgements

The report was written by @AainaSaaf, A. Usman, and @Elon_Sust.

Thanks to @dexiewrites for feedback.

63
https://x.com/MarioNawfal/status/1756561041499083051?s=20
64

https://www.geo.tv/latest/530711-us-lawmakers-advise-biden-against-recognising-pakistan-elections-resul
ts
65
https://thecommonwealth.org/news/commonwealth-observers-urge-pakistan-citizens-exercise-patience