INOT, ANGEL MARIE S.

GAS 1-AGONCILLO
ANSWER TO MODULE 5 (ELS)

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. Which of the following studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks?

A. Nicholas Steno C. Alfred Wegener

B. Nicolas Seno D. Harry Hiss

2. What is the science of rock strata or layers?

A. Polygraphy C. Stratigraphy
B. Geology D. Layering
3. Which of the following is also called for rock layers?
A. layering C. rack
B. strata D. stone
4. Which basic principles that all geologists use in deciphering the age and
characteristics of rock layers?
A. Law of rocks C. Code of ethics
B. Ethics and principles D. Stratigraphic Laws
5. What principle that most sediment when deposited, form a horizontal or nearly
horizontal layer? The Principle of _________.
A. Superposition C. Lateral Continuity
B. Faunal Succession D. Original Horizontality
6. Which of the following principles that Smith noticed a succession of rock layers;
furthermore, he saw that the same vertical changes in fossils that are embedded in
rocks occurred in different places? The Principle of ________.
A. Superposition C. Lateral Continuity
B. Faunal Succession D. Original Horizontality
7. Scientists can relate layers at one location to layers at another location and this is
critical for stratigraphic correlation.
A. Superposition C. Lateral Continuity
B. Faunal Succession D. Original Horizontality
8. The oldest rock in the Grand Canyon that is exposed at the base is
Proterozoic-age rocks. The Principle of _____________.
A. Superposition C. Lateral Continuity
B. Faunal Succession D. Original Horizontality
9. The Grand Canal serves as a very good example of the principles of
stratigraphy.
A. True C. Maybe
B. False D. Somehow
10. Some older layers have been tilted and the surface where these tilted
layers are overlaid by a stratum that is not deformed. The principle of
________.
A. Superposition C. Lateral Continuity
B. Faunal Succession D. Original Horizontality
What is in the picture
Activity 1. Describe each picture based on your observation.
A. Based on my observation about the picture, the rocks are horizontally layered
and they could have been tilted layers are overlaid by a stratum that is not
deformed.
B. Based on my observation about the picture, it has undisturbed layers accumulate
through time; older layers are buried beneath younger layers.
C. Based on my observation about the picture, other body of rock cuts through
another body of rock.

ELABORATE: APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Direction: Arrange the letter that corresponds to the layer in order from oldest to
youngest.

EVALUATE: ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. How relative dating is being used?
- Relative dating is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave
behind, in a sequence. Relative dating can also be used in determining which
fossils are older.
2. What Nicholas Steno’s point of view about the relative positions of
sedimentary rocks?
- He discovered that they settle based on their relative weight or size in a fluid.
The largest or heaviest particles settle first, and the smallest or the lightest
particles settle last.
3. How other personalities contributed to the establishment of the Geologic
time Scale?
- The geologic time scale was developed after scientists observed changes in
the fossils going from oldest to youngest sedimentary rocks. They used
relative dating to divide Earth's past in several chunks of time when similar
organisms were on Earth.
4. What are the principles that can determination of the relative age of a rock?
The determination of the relative age of a rock is based on the;
- The Principle of Original Horizontality
 - The Principle of Lateral Continuity
- The Principle of Superposition
- The Principle of Crosscutting Relationships:
- The Principle of Faunal Succession

ENGAGE: DO THIS!

ELABORATE: APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Half-life U-238 Pb-206 Number of years

0 500 0 0

1 250 250 4.5 billion years

2 125 375 9 billion years

3 62.5 437.5 13.5 billion years

4 31.25 468.75 18 billion years

5 15.625 484.375 22.5 billion years

EVALUATE: ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. How to determine the absolute (radiometric) age of a rock?
- To establish the age of a rock or a fossil, researchers use some type of
clock to determine the date it was formed. Geologists commonly use
radiometric dating methods, based on the natural radioactive decay of
 certain elements such as potassium and carbon, as reliable clocks to
date ancient events.
2. Why radioactive decay is spontaneously happening in all rocks?
- All rocks are radioactive because they contain radioactive uranium,
thorium, potassium, and rubidium. This radioactivity is part of the
earth’s natural system and is the main cause of heat inside the earth and
the driving force for the earth’s tectonic system which leads to
volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics.
3. Discuss the difference between relative and absolute dating?
- Absolute dating is the actual date of the rock and can also be known as
radioactive dating. Relative dating is using the rock layers and fossil
records to determine the age of the rock, and it is not the actual age of
the rock.

REFLECT!
I understand- the contribution of different personalities in the
establishment of the Geologic time scale. It is an important tool used to
portray the history of the Earth—a standard timeline used to describe the age
of rocks and fossils and the events that formed them. It spans Earth's entire
history and is separated into four principal divisions.

I do not understand- I do not understand why there is no such place on

the earth that has a complete conformable stratum since external and
internal possess has always interrupted the deposition of the sediments.

I need more information about- radioactive decay.

POST-ASSESSMENT
1. Used to determine whether an object is older or younger than other objects
A. Superposition C. Fossil
B. Relative Dating D, Unconformity
2. States that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been
disturbed
A. Law of crosscutting
B. Law of superposition
C. Relative Dating
D. Unconformity
3. A break in the geologic record that is made when rock layers are eroded over a
long period.
A. Law of Superposition
B. Law of Crosscutting
C. Relative Dating
D. Unconformity
4. What is the law of superposition?
A. The age of sedimentary rock not found in the original layers.
B. Metamorphic rock is younger than the nearby igneous rock.
C. Sedimentary rock in its original position is older than layers above it.
D. Metamorphic rock is older because it was deposited to nearby
sedimentary rock.
5. How do geologists use relative dating?
A. Placing rocks in order from youngest to oldest
B. Placing rocks in order by minerals they contain
C. Classifying rocks by different textures
D. Classifying rocks by different isotopes
6. Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
A. the younger the rocks get
B. the smellier the rocks get
C. the harder the rocks get
D. the older the rocks get
7. The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
A. The absolute age of rock layers
B. The age of fossils
C. The relative age of rock layers
D. the superpowers of rocks
8. What states that a fault or a body of rocks must be younger than any feature or
layer of rock that the fault or rock body cuts through?
A. Unconformity
B. Intrusion
C. Law of superposition
D. Law of crosscutting
9. How does sedimentary rock usually form?
A. Vertically
B. Diagonally
C. Folding
D. Horizontally
10. Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
A. A, B, C, D, E
B. E, B, C, D, A
C. E, D, C, B, A
D. C, B, A, D, E