APPARATUS Prosedare A. Dison ct (Loshoie spe) with ward suppers clameing ove fr Bexle Sorte: wo oe ae ate opps wis she bet fer, for ens af cour Fa, ees of abet ub four screw clamps {Sartor gs hes; tre gis U tees win aber taper sn poze ‘er, nang uy ptt: tree Lng and fo short leh of ‘er abing nee: two ing anor cans thd es 0 {0 30 teemamete stop; eter sk ‘lr oss, argon, and eafon Boxe; ouce of comprened sir glass wont; Acre; dying apent Gosh as magnesom prose). Procedoe B, Vaswam sytem with mecha pump aed manifold daiag [roalon for yo tachnt i taper jt Lach difain all ah ogense atachl st top and boom, two Sanda taper la ot ‘nod ¢mo tlle ints dias cle gas (or metal) T flat tne lng legs and one Shor leg fey rubber peste WME thly wound appr es lege Dever fas Ge-abe manos, Te Taker” towely stopwatch of ecicltmer; met Sek, Dt 30 Tiel toes cinders or lcue bot faim, argo, an ation out REFERENCES gad oa Sc A Wes ot Whoo oe ‘Settee rpc afc yl Rew Sora 2. Aa en oped a, oh FC “eal a yal Ca ‘ena ow Na io Ber, "Aeed Cr Ae. (eS ct Engen CaN. (39 1 PS eee tae bate ray ote a 38 pp tn, Wy, New er (80. GENERAL READING peer iy aaa ee “CHAPTER Vv THERMOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS 7 ei cacy oe cere PRINCIPLES OF CALORIMETRY We ae concede wth he problem of determining experimentally the cathy change Af! or the eneay change AE aceompuring 4 sv Sale te «sytem somal oe sis AG) $8(%) “C1 + DC) ® In prac ne ont cy ay othe hg se thera us we ace bese a AE we een fh ah ‘Sointy aly Sod exes ow xpath compost of wo ep ‘mrt can sine eco odubtely i te ctiner sel lh it prt tn grea enpraa ‘ry + +S) =A) + DCT) +87) @ SEs ce ere femperste as the Teacant or produce teeame ofthe eapeentl ‘tenements ct een‘np The rau of step Tare bout othe nl empertn Fby adding eat (raking to) he Nt (r+ D(H) + S07) =C4r) + DAT +S¢H) o ‘As we sali soften unsecesatyt cay ct sep naa sie {esate change nent x eetiipy cx be les am the we fener diernce By adding Eas. (2) and (3) we obtain Ea (1) sd vey tat hese wo supe desea compte pth connecting the eared alfa fal sta ‘Aco, Alor AE forthe ange in sae (I) the sm of he nen of ths quay pertaining the mo pe AH= AN 0 4) AE= a5 + Ey @) ‘Th pata convince of th pth deste eat the hat g for step is oye the heat fore an cer ented or ee Teun be metsued day by ering out step ert ters) hoe the ston tthe sen os mesrble guano eto etal ent, ‘ean be caeued from the tenpestoe change (fr) revilng Tom ‘abut ep ifthe Neat capt te rou yen Looe Fo ep A=ap=0contatprmre =) AEi=q=0 comin wlume () ‘BH = at, co) nd if bo acai ou a estan oun, AE Ab @) Wither the proses ear ot tone prere oratconat Ye irate oemenease sea ccf ace comet Gy tut aeons! pres he een ou sf eon romp At epon he ee We denn of to ‘Satin, ih coset cid out st cota eke a ens ‘Sitter Howes, ne cn Cy Gla Am BE memos fom comunvoane posse Atm Ail dein! om 2 ‘Susu prem proce) Oye oe egaton ail=ab00) o ‘Wie al reactants sd pace ae condoned pase, the ACY) tem ‘eve rpm wi if and atin Wen ‘so Saat Wen ght ioe me a of Sabena the QV) tem ey sg i eine Stem’ compan wi ASE. Saat nl wees conor eve an ad emit Eg (7) in the form AN=AE+RT dn © ‘ere Be nr ens folk of in eae, ‘AB tors We sight eovinge ep Ing eed ty ing beat te tm oe taking het eveyone sytem and mean @ for tht proces} Ural, however, fs uch eet to mest oth tan et. tele, cecal work done onthe ese by «hain el (en fred {0s “ous heatag" can be xed eomesiny fo any at cer sep TT ot 1s mere leer enstherm, Sve the wok pt ne te ‘em the nok postive: nao fos oo here te votge drop acs the btr, Qh ac hg nit the elt eurent For posse work one shuld metus ttl Ve and “ting the esting pte, In many stan, homer ssl one thar the resstanr of the eating nl &, coma and make oaly Iesusrement off by deeming te potential op V, aces Handa Feabtace nce wth he heigl, sah eee can we ~[Paan na o Not tat he dec wor en by Eos hen rita in chow, potent lag) ie voles en ie conde te see Siig Sine weal, ‘Alfg=g conan pee (i) Afgan conte i) ur deci 1 far i en ied etcmling Ay ot AE by iy cay op Il tv). However ent ec) {0 cay eat ths Sep fealty we ho can ci the bet Sepa ote rete tempts Snge C1) eng om ep wei a he sil rato we ml. ten[Po(cen+9ar os) a= ["o(esp4syar aw) ‘ri cin palin ihe er | pe Si) Siva ei ne rc es“he heat eapces oar vary ely ily over he sm tperstire anges ime: acordgly me an snp (1) sd combie thn wth {Eg (6) obtain te laa eaesaons AH=-GiC+D 4817-7) (2) AE=-C(C+D+SK0,-7) 2) bere Gand Gate average alts ve the empeaare “The heat capcty mst be determined i ot aon, A. diet itd pao he tmp te oy fe pcs (15-7) proce by he dapaon of 4 etsued quan of lcd ergy. We ben ait (30) 0%) constant pres a constant volume, repctnely. This metod ‘epi in the xperinent on heats ore ton ‘An inde method of Geteminng the Beat epacy eto cary oat sorter rencon alone, for whieh the het enon i known, i he ‘me clot asd te ba snes Ts metbod pedo eet {iat i most eonmeie meaurenens on che rexcons The hes ‘Spocty conan fhe aul prod pees (Cand) are vey all Sn ees nek, in comparon ih the conbtion de ote ars of the stom denoted by tbe smo! Sn » tomb cloner expect the ‘uta xpos anus & a ooo meth et tie ten the tharma quai of abou 2 Sgt ater Inclermetyevelvog te ‘gueou soitons, te brat expacties of sich solitons can ia ft ‘pronation be taken ea! to that of egualent weg or vues of ‘rte Those may wien place of Ea. (Es) a (10), 8] --a9e-1 $8 et eee ieee See nate ceo rs cc, eg ei, en nn oe ay {fom the bet of be Anown recon andthe sabe temperate change (15-7) prose by fone ) as) ill Ts method i exemgtisedin the experiment on heats of combustion by ba Pte Teta now comider sp 1 he abate stp, nd the meneame of he teers dtrenee (77) ws she fundamental mecuenent forme. Its ep eo be care ut nea date elie the temperature varaton would be Hk th sbown in Fg). ce here mond be to ciealy In deeming the tempers Gange A= "= ysne (07/4) =0 bore the tne of ng the reactants an ht he hehe equim The ac of apt cage assume that step truly adiabatic; ana thermal insulation is perfec, some eat wil in geal ek or ot ofthe sem daring th tn segue for ‘he eng in tate ost an for he thermometer to ee i uhm th he poi ter Tn on, we osually have a sce preset nthe cnc oid in the mining of eats or fer hstnig thermal equreon. Toe mesial ‘resk done he sytem by the sie ele he connor aon ok ergy f the tem at nal april cnstataeDsing te nt ‘ead or are ate an ema eee ‘ety introduces canbe Sigfesn” A Spel femprsae- tne veaon i own n Fig. 1(0), wheres pealyenpanedtmpestune ae bes bom Sian rapid pert ow ey te pnd ‘acon temperate change nth es, a nore denied sla edo in onder fo exact the state AT valve tom th ebacved dat ‘Consider Fi. 2, which shows x schema plot of 7) asoxised with sep Ta eaed ttn # pial clormee. This pole bed 0 tbe ‘stmptios tat he heat eka houph th coin wa sal (Gicetmmpee Ym Sf on ait ici, @) t ld nertt py une ge ape re ‘Sip oshor erp uae eae or Seo peer es1 a eee aoe oan = eo ee ; pa oe { Saas i _ ae the cour in duc to he ses mien. Thee acmpos te rope bre hemor exprnen Sor in Dak The {Mhatvenpetre score lca oe teva t me ben he ‘eucton ed folbwag 8 ped of enemy Ene. pedags ht ‘reo cuba te nal Gueseacinm) dette (€7/.e tompetre iT oowed er eaten fort pd lang enough ae: omy Hest sao and wo eshte ei ne (yon ary iy “Tc a of ep ile givn fo soot wane rine to nogont els old coeur Te fet of Beat lags Shite eng Newtons lwo one. 4--0-1) 09 whee 7, the temperature of the soundings (ale temperature in the abort) ands teal at const thst depen on tbe tema ‘oodnty ofthe clemeterlnlon, The meshanl power pu oe Syrem (Ga) wil be denoted by P whch tr tamed to be a conta a Hem 09 wher € iG fr conmttsolume resco aC, or cemtant pres ‘actos, The tmpertrediterense 7 hown nig 2s pea ponerse (2) a ™ vere AT =7,— i the change due to an aati heel rescon and {Beimegral athe set change du to beat ak ané ser power int Ths waregjn-ife-itro-me om ‘The folloring we the wos impart experinetalaproaches sed at ty an Be wed separately ors contin e 4. The eosin my be but ia such away 50a eat conucon into or ot of the ser A veel ih an essuates jut (Dewar as), 2. One ma ners: between tem an surundings "abu Jacket essay wel salted rom both Ths cet canted tha is fempetue ean be adjusted at wil ron autle, os for example, PY Spine elect enere toa bering cea we, te temperate of Ihe cet continous ads so sto bees se pest th of ‘he stem, tha no sens sn of hes wil ten ow twee {he ote ad the cet Tes caespons to making TT, ery sol 2. The serig seem may be aly dined to produce the lat ate of| ‘tek coment nth the requement of terouph aod esos apd Ime. Tis easpoads to sing Fal 44 We may asume tat the rate of gin ls of energy by the stem ‘sang fom bet eakge and eer work reson ort th tine at any given teapertute” We Say terefore ame that he Aempeatue vain 8 funcon of tine shld te italy and lly (One spe posbiliy woul be K(T ~7)= apd P= constant, in which case (at/aye Peta the te ve st all and Eq 09) ree arenan- Lye ner—7) en ‘As showa in Fig. 3), An this ase ju te veil dacs between to fale Tne. Natur, ws stnce co be eae tay 1A more Fels poss that ArT) seal bt not wepighe and P= ens Ths eae, the Tor a loos Eke Fig 31), whee the nal Se dat ily Br tom te ote ty Nome u-n oo merece so that he wo sated eons oH, 30) ao equal wea, “he deeaton of B4.(2} fm Eq, (20) request of seg-othangSESS ho smvatater cemetery apt, Les ear nen vaste 7m 74 (08 fem of ih (Z)--ka-m me (Z)--Ea-n) ay so Bg 0) enn sreci-neh[r-na v9 ee [e-ne-fo-narc-m-0 efo-narva-ny-» 2 the dtation ge hve for th 0 tralia Bg (25) cme ou ‘Stiting Ea, 3)imo Ey: Gia Sealing wo Ey (3) early to EG scfm ta Seraton at By (2) we ad cen {be Tvton pi tos ae ot ne Tosa one See ‘Stetetageetomne 4rd 1m summary, one said fotow the temperate vain beloe and sitar cation for» perid log enous oslo’ goed esunon of U7), nd Grid, Then make 4 pot lhe Fe. 30), cows We pit 4). ‘cine heb vale for an eae AT rom Eq (23 Yn pac ‘ould be chen at cnet ae ctent wih welcatered a {0 completion uly "Waencer te ie requ fort change in ge tong, nthe eof tering te het capac by eect ese orton fll i ear the mde ofthe to range Ara sponte rece fo banding be ees flere Beat lot, one cn hoa {(a he time the heir ued on abd as te ne t's ted off nd hoot th mio the Reng peo ‘tame in wich we ate iirxed are the mole antes flor SE ‘Srreiponding one mol of eon. Te tunis ef ae of atioe can STEERS tag aca wee ant, ap8E o» REFERENCE Some GENERAL READING Se ee teats 1 Eon am EXPERIMENT 6 HEATS OF COMBUSTION In thisexpeneat tomb corner employe in he dtrmination of be et cabin fan oc van hw mare, Gl Te