Networking 1

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR FOURTH YEAR
STUDENTS
TITLE: CAMPUS NETWORK DESIGN

HOSTING COMPANY: BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY
INTERNSHIP DURATION: FROM END OF JUNE 2023 TO END OF AUGUST

2023
NAME ID NUMBER
ZELALEM ALEM…………………………………………….GUR/00754/12
ADVISOR`S NAME: MS. AZIZA
SUBMMISION DATE: FEBRUARY 11/2023
GONDAR, ETHIOPIA
INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CAMPUS NETWORK DESIGN
Declaration
I am fourth year computer engineering student at university of Gondar institute of technology.
I declare that this report is prepared by me during the internship program given by university of
Gondar institute of technology faculty of computer engineering from end of June 2023 to the end
of August 2023.I am sure that this report is not copied or taken from other student or any other
part.
Declared by:
Student Name: Zelalem Alem Student Signature __
Approved by:
Mentor name: __Mr.Alemnew______________ Mentor signature: _________
Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to say thank our creator supreme GOD to help me to finish my internship
program. Next to this I would like to thank university of Gondar to give this internship
opportunity and all UoG electrical and computer engineering staff members. This opportunity
would give me a good understanding of network installation and configuration practically and
theoretically. And also, I would like to thank BDU for all the services they provided to my along
my intern program till the end. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the BDU
workers for their willingness to help me, good work ethics and for their good approaches with
me. They provided me with the access of internet connection and other services. At the end I
would like to thank all BDU staff members for their unlimited support by giving me all necessary
information to complete this report and my project and for their mentoring and introducing me
with the working environment.
UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

2016 E.C Page 1
Executive summary
Internships are work-related learning experiences that provide students with the chance to gain
important knowledge and skills in a career related that may or may not be directly related to their
academic study. The internship program helps me to tackle different real-world problems and to
practice the theoretical knowledge especially around network installation and configuration and
also network troubleshooting. This program gave me the skills such that network cable
installation, router and switch configuration, network troubleshooting and designing small area
network. I have gotten the chance of following data center installation and configuration. This
report explains what I did during my internship program and the internship experience that I have
under taken at Bahirdar University. This document has eight chapters. Chapter one will talk
about background of Hosting Company (BDU). The second chapter will cover Internship
Experience of BDU. The third Chapter will cover the overall benefits of the internship. The
fourth chapter will cover Conclusion and recommendations of the previous three chapters. The
fifth chapter is my Project Proposal. Chapter six will cover general conclusion and
recommendation. Chapter seven will cover appendices. Chapter eight is about references that are
guidelines for the preparation of this report documentation.
This report is about my internship that I have undergone at BDU from end of June 2023 to the
end of August 2023. During my internship program, I was able to learn practical aspect of
network installation and configuration and I had gotten an interesting experience.

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List of Acronyms
conf t configure terminal
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS Domain-Name Service
FTP File Transport Protocol
GTP Growth and Transformation Plan
HTTP Hypertext transfer Protocol
BDU BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY
LAN Local Area Network
NTP Network Time Protocol
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
PVC Polymer of Vinyl Chloride
SFP Small form-factor pluggable
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
UTP Unshielded Twisted pair
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
WAP Wireless Access Point
WAN Wide Area Network

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List of Figures
Figure 1 Customer/end user flow chart
Figure 2 Organizational chart of BDU
Figure 3 Workflow of BDU ICT
Figure 4 Workflow of ICT department in BDU
Figure 5 hardware overview
Figure 6 TP-link (wireless access point)
Figure 7 Fiber optic patch panel
Figure 8 Star topology in each block
Figure 9 Office equipment
Figure 10 RJ45, color order and UTP
Figure 11 Pressing pins of RJ45
Figure 12 Building network design
Figure 13 Mode type of fiber optic cable
Figure 14 Fiber optic patch panel
Figure 15 WAP
Figure 16 Patch panel
Figure 17 Hacksaw
Figure 18 UTP cat6 cable
Figure 19 PVC
Figure 20 RJ45
Figure 21 fishery
Figure 22 Rack
Figure 23 UTP cable testers
Figure 24 Critical thinking

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Figure 25 Physical design
Figure 26 Logical design
Figure 27 ISR4331
Figure 28 Router4331 to Ethio-tele connection
Figure 29 BDU Network Simulation snapshot
Figure 30 DHCP Result
Figure 31 From poly to pedda connection
Figure 32 From poly to selam campus connection
Figure 33 From poly to gish-aby connection
Figure 34 Web server from poly campus
List of Tables
Table 1 Capitals and device requirement
Table 2 Costs of TCO

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Table of Contents
Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................... 1
Executive summary .......................................................................................................................... 2
List of Acronyms............................................................................................................................... 3
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... 4
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... 5
Table of Contents .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 1.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Background of Hosting Company .................................................................................................... 9
1.1. BDU Profile and Brief History ................................................................................................ 9
1.2. Production Process of the BDU ........................................................................................... 10
1.3. Vision and Mission of the BDU............................................................................................ 10
1.3.1 Vision............................................................................................................................. 10
1.3.2 Mission .......................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Main Products and Services ................................................................................................. 11
1.5 Main customers or the end users ........................................................................................ 11
1.6 Organizational Chart and workflow of the BDU .................................................................. 13
1. Organizational Chart of BDU .............................................................................................. 13
Chapter 2....................................................................................................................................... 14
Over All Internship experience ...................................................................................................... 14
2.1 Objective of the Internship .................................................................................................. 14
2.1.1 General objective .......................................................................................................... 14
2.1.2 Specific objective .......................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Section I Have Been Working In BDU ................................................................................... 14
2.3 Workflow in the Section ...................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Work Piece or Work Tasks I Have Been Executing............................................................... 16
2.4.1 Hardware overview ....................................................................................................... 17
2.4.2 Tasks I have been executing ......................................................................................... 18
2.5 Procedures Used Performing my Work Tasks...................................................................... 22
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2.5.1 Clipping RJ45 with UTP.................................................................................................. 22

2.5.2 Installing Network cable ............................................................................................... 23
2.5.3 Installing wireless access point ..................................................................................... 26
2.5.4 Computer maintenance ................................................................................................ 26
2.5.5 Mechanical tools and techniques I have been using while performing my work tasks 27
2.6 How good I have been in performing my work tasks ........................................................... 30
2.7 Challenges I have been facing while performing my work tasks ......................................... 30
2.8 Measures I have taken in order to overcome these challenges ........................................... 31
Chapter 3........................................................................................................................................ 31
The Overall Benefits of The Internship ........................................................................................... 31
3.1 Benefits I Gained from Internship........................................................................................ 31
3.2 Practical skill......................................................................................................................... 33
Routers ....................................................................................................................................... 37
3.3 Theoretical Skill .................................................................................................................... 38
3.4 Interpersonal Communication Skill ...................................................................................... 40
3.5 Improving team playing skills............................................................................................... 41
3.6 Improving Leadership skills .................................................................................................. 42
3.7 About work ethics related issues ......................................................................................... 43
3.8 Improving entrepreneurship skills ....................................................................................... 43
3.9 Overall experience and suggestions .................................................................................... 46
Chapter 4........................................................................................................................................ 46
Conclusion and recommendations ................................................................................................ 46
4.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 46
4.2 Recommendation on the Internship Experience ................................................................. 47
Chapter 5........................................................................................................................................ 48
Network design Project.................................................................................................................. 48
5.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 48
5.1.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 48
5.1.2 problem statement ....................................................................................................... 49
5.1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................... 49
5.1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................ 50
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5.1.5 PROJECT BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL GOALS ................................................................. 50

5.1.6 PROJECT PROPOSAL ...................................................................................................... 50
5.1.7 CAPITAL AND OPERATING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 51
5.1.8 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................. 52
5.2 NETWORK ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 52
5.3. PHYSICAL DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 53
5.4 LOGICAL DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 54
5.5 BDU SECURITY POLICY.......................................................................................................... 57
5.6 Network Cost of Ownership ................................................................................................. 59
5.7 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...................................................................................................... 59
5.8 BDU Network Configuration ................................................................................................ 60
5.9 Conclusion and recommendation on project ...................................................................... 65
Chapter 6........................................................................................................................................ 65
General conclusion and recommendation .................................................................................... 65
6.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 65
6.2 Recommendation................................................................................................................. 66
6.2.1 Recommendation for Bahirdar University .................................................................... 66
6.2.2 Recommendation for UoG(IoT) .................................................................................... 66
Chapter 7........................................................................................................................................ 67
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 67
7.1 Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 67
Poly campus Access Switch ........................................................................................................ 67
Chapter 8........................................................................................................................................ 72
References ..................................................................................................................................... 72

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Chapter 1
Background of Hosting Company

1.1. BDU Profile and Brief History
Ethiopia decided to do to expand higher education, on the premise that Education is a weapon
to eradicate poverty.
Bahir Dar Institute of Technology was established in 1963 under the technical
cooperation between the Government of USSR and the Imperial Government of
Ethiopia. The institute was a premier institute in producing technicians for the
Nation. Nestled in the beautiful green town of Bahir Dar just at shore of Lake Tana,
Bahir Dar Institute of Technology at Bahir Dar University is the pioneer institute of
technology offering higher education in the field of engineering and technologies.
Owing to our 51-year experience, our teaching learning and research becomes more
practical Oriented and custom-made to solve the industry and community-based
technology challenges. Most importantly, we envision having a national impact via
dissemination of technologies centering to the need of the local community and
industrial sector. The institute’s teaching-learning, research and community service
activity is supported by high Qualified 460 teachers, more than 150 technical
assistants and about 650 administrative staffs.
ICT Development office is responsible for all information systems development,

Customization, deployment and continual improvement across the Universityand all
its office in the campuses. It administrates the University LAN, website and mail
server including other content management systems. ICT Development office as
well resolving systems issues and maintenance of office Electronic devices and
Networks. Indeed, the office suggests different ICT solution in order to facilitate
learning and administrative duty. Bahir Dar Institute ICT Development office was
established in a few years ago, that recognizing the critical role of information and
communication technology through Multi- Sector. The institution which spreads the
ICT development for districts as well as different Sectors by way of developing
different skill such as mobilizing resources, guiding and monitoring implementation.

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It also views capacity building program as a means of addressing and strengthening

issues of governance, transparency, responsiveness and accountability in
government service delivery. And to this end the BiT ICT Development Office is
being fully committed to the realization of efficient and Effective systems of service
provision and there by ensures good education unit’s level. Consequently, the ICT
Development Office has been actively involving in structural and institutional
Reform with clear focus on bringing sustainable development, increasing institution
of technology system, deepening democratization institution unit, promoting sound
governance an empowerment based on the national strategic plan. This is due to the
fact that accountable and responsive service as well as decentralization program is
amongst the government’s instruments to provide opportunities to the people.
1.2. Production Process of the BDU

BDU has under taking the following systems in the campus.
❖ Highly Available and Secure Internet service
❖ Virtualize server and storage service
❖ Expand internet and Wi-Fi in the campus
❖ Making one card system
❖Online student registration system
1.3. Vision and Mission of the BDU

1.3.1 Vision
The Vision of BDU is producing competent graduates with skill, attitude, and discipline;
delivering community service; conducting need based and demand driven research.
Contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of the country by providing
unlimited supports to citizens through social needs and conducting problem solving research
and strengthening technology transfer.

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To become one of the top ten premier technology institutes in Africa in 2025
recognized for its practical oriented education, research and innovative technologies.
Most importantly, we envision having a national impact via dissemination of
innovative technologies centering to the need of the local community and industrial
sector. This can be accomplished by several means.
In the first place, our graduates grow to lead technical engineering positions in
construction, manufacturing and process industrial sector and become professors at
universities. Moreover, we foresee that our industrial partnership program will grow
and allow fast transition of our technological tools to improve their production
efficiency.
1.3.2 Mission
To contribute substantially for economic, technological and scientific development
of the nation, the continent at large; through the provision of high-quality education,
active engagement in research and technology transfer packages, while offering our
employees a conducive and rewarding working environment that values, recognizes
and appreciates their contributions. Upgrade and value our indigenous technologies
that fosters improvement of the lively hood of the local community. Assist our
industrial partners in employing our technological tools to transfer more rapidly the
bench scale discoveries in such a way that the industries are targeted in cleaner,
more efficient processes technology implementation that helped to be competitive in
the global green economy.
1.4 Main Products and Services

BDU main products are producing educated man power and skilled personnel and to create a
highly qualified population in Ethiopia and also give training for students who comes from other
universities or colleges in case of internship or in other case. And its services are teaching its
students and it also work with other institution to reduce and eradicate poverty from Ethiopia.
The BDU has agriculture development strategy aimed at raising Ethiopian economy and to
change their way of life.
1.5 Main customers or the end users

The customer or end user of the BDU are divided in different groups of actors such as regular
students, extension students, employees and employers. We can also classify the customers in

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internal and external end users. Depending on the student type we can classify as internal and
external students.
BDU has also some customers or end users. Among them are communities of the university,
peoples who living in Bahirdar city, peoples who living near Bahirdar city and we can say
peoples Ethiopia. Because BDU established for many reasons such as to create qualified
population, to make job opportunities for people, to reduce and eradicate poverty from our
country and to aimed at raising Ethiopia to the status of a middle-income-level country.
Customers/End Users
External Students
Internal
Cafeteria
workers
Others
Students Employees
Bahirdar
Employers town
communities
Summer Guards
Regular
BDU Communities
Extension
Figure 1: Customer/end user flow chart

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1.6 Organizational Chart and workflow of the BDU

1. Organizational Chart of BDU
ICT DIRECTORATE DIRECTOR
Business App E-Learning Technical Training and

ICT Infrastructure Development Maintenance and
Technology Support Team
and Team Leader Team Leader Support Team
Team Leader Leader
Leader
Junior Network
Junior Video
Administrator Training and
Application Conference Technical
Consultancy
Development Technician Maintenance &
Network support Level I
Administrator Application Training
Junior E-
Development
Learning Technical Consultancy
Senior Network
Expert Maintenance Expert
Administrator Senior
Application support Level II
Development Senior E- Technical
Junior System Learning Maintenance &
Senior Database Expert Technical
Administrator Support Team
Administrator
Web Content Maintenance Leader
System Admin Expert support Level III
Junior System
Senior System Analyst
Admin Technical Maintenance Level I
Senior System Analyst
Technical Maintenance level II
System and App Development
Network Admin Team Leader
Figure 2: Organizational chart of BDU

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Chapter 2
Over All Internship experience

2.1 Objective of the Internship
2.1.1 General objective
The general objective of internship is to provide student operational environments which
formulate and focus on their career objectives. It also to connect students with potential
employers and provide opportunities to explore the variety of career objectives that are often
available within in the hosting company. Such opportunities also help students relate theories and
knowledge acquired in the academic year with the skills and attitudes found in the company and
develop idea appreciate businesses area and provide experience that many employers value.
2.1.2 Specific objective

Specific objective of the internship is to acquire and demonstrate competencies expected in a
professional managerial environment such as:
 Apply and generalized the academic theory & knowledge acquired in the class room to
practical engineering field.
 To familiarized the student with consumers, client, company’s activity, scope of service
in the company.
 To create interrelation and interdependence to the internship company.
 Create conducive atmosphere to assess professional qualification.
 Means to transfer a knowledge and technology to the industry.
 Increase productivity of the student.
 Student get opportunity to see the real problem of industry and when back to university
they can find a solution.
 Develop social life in work area
2.2 Section I Have Been Working In BDU

I have been doing our internship program in BDU ICT department specifically network
infrastructure team. BDU has many teams in ICT department such as networking, software and
maintenance teams. I have tried to see both networking and maintenance teams.
I wanted to enroll and study how the following can affect our life:
❖ To find the use of networking in today’s world.
❖ To gain the practical knowledge of what we have studied.

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❖ Identify the impact of network in economic, social and political system.
❖To examine the network and data communication inter-linkage.
❖ To look out the strength and weakness of the network communication in cyber-world.
❖ To provide information to employees in a certain institution or organization.
❖ It allows us to apply theory knowledge in real practice.
❖ It allows us to experience the working environment of networking and IT organization.
❖It allows us to study the overall IT system of an organization.
During our internship program, I have basically collected two types of information on
networking system. These were:
❖Internal information
❖ External Information
This information was collected with the help of both primary and secondary resources.
a) Primary Data: They are collected during the practical working, which are original. While
working I have come across with the sources such as direct asking our mentor, opinion of the
different employee, informal talks with the employees …etc.
b) Secondary Data: They are collected on the basis of the study of networking in the BDU.
For preparing this report on networking and data communication I have collected information
through internet, books, teachers, and some previous records.

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2.3 Workflow in the Section

The ICT department has its own workflow just like other departments. When someone wants
service from it like maintenance, installation or configuration; the ICT department respond and
give service to the communities.
The following figure shows the workflow of ICT department.
ICT DIRECTOR
Team
Leader
Maintenance Network and

E-Learning and
and Support System Admin
Web Design
Figure 3: workflow of BDU ICT
2.4 Work Piece or Work Tasks I Have Been Executing

At the first cycle of internship period, I have seen overview of hardware components of network
in the data center, network architecture, security camera control room and video conference.
While in the second cycle I have been doing network installation and some maintenance. After I
have understood the university structure, environment and observing the network infrastructure, I
discussed with my mentor Mr. Alemnew, what I have expected to gain in my internship program
in University of Bahirdar network installation project.
We all internship students were assigned under network installation section, because we had been
interesting to work on networking world. Some of the tasks we have been executing in the
networking environment are as follows: I have gotten the chance of visiting data center room,
network architecture of BDU, security camera control room, video conference and smart class
room, indoor and outdoor wireless access points, configure switches and create VLAN, configure
router, Install wireless network. Our main focus was on network installation and configuration.
We have been working on how to install the network cable in each block and distribute to each
office. So, we spent most of our time working on installing cables from the router to node means
to each office. We spent our half of time on practical work and the other half of time spent on
simulation configuration of different devices and digging out of other related theoretical parts.

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We used packet tracer for simulation part and putty for practical part to configure different
networking devices like switch, laptop, desktop, router.
After familiarizing myself with the packet tracer I started group discussion with coworkers from
other campus to produce ideas to come up with a project title that will help us develop our
configuring skill. In the duration of our intern program we were working on computer and printer
maintenance and also installing network and maintaining fault network cables in a certain block,
we could also fix Wi-Fi access point. Mr. Alemnew gave me unlimited support when I need any
assist. Moreover, I can try to show what I have done in our internship periods.
2.4.1 Hardware overview

✓ Firewall
✓ Core switch
✓ Distribution switch
✓ Access switch
✓ Local area network (LAN)
✓ UTP cable
✓ Fiber optic cable (single mode and multi-mode)
✓ Multimode fiber
✓ Patch panel
✓ Media converter
✓ LAN tester
✓ Data center
✓ Router

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Figure 5: hardware overview
2.4.2 Tasks I have been executing

✓ Visiting data center room and whole network architecture
✓ Visiting security camera control room
✓ Visiting video conference
✓ View indoor and outdoor wireless access points
✓ Network cable crimping and identifying network cable type
✓ Configure switches and create VLAN
✓ Configure router
✓ Install wireless network
✓ Analyze fiber optic patch panel
✓ Analyze each network hardware equipment’s in data center
✓ Analyze Cisco switch command
✓ Configuration of distribution layer switch

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✓ Configuration of access layer switch
2.4.2.1 During installation

I have been installing network cables, clipping RJ-45, switches and patch panel in some blocks.
In each block there are more than 42 computers and at least there are 4 switches and one fiber
optic patch panel. The fiber optic patch panel and media converter are placed at ground and one
switch in each G + x, x = 0, 1, 2, 3 ... For example, one building has five levels; in each level one
switch is placed and at ground level one fiber optic patch panel is placed. And to install the cable
we used star topology for each block. That mean the ground switch distribute to all switches in
that block using UTP as an uplink but BDU has the plan that to use fiber optic cable for up
linking. BDU wanted to use star topology, because it believes that the correction of fault is easy
in this topology so we were using this topology to do our practical work. We were using labeling
technique for future fault isolation, maintenance and management of the installed network. INU
used 48, 24 port Switches in order to the switches support many computers/users. If there is over
enough switch ports, the remaining switch port used as a reserve for newly incoming computers
and the SFP modules are used for each fiber optic patch panel and for a media-specific
transceiver in order to connect a fiber-optic cable or sometimes a copper cable. We were also
installing wireless access point on each building using TP-Link.

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Figure 6: TP-link (wireless access point)
Figure 7 :Fiber optic patch panel

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Figure 8: Star topology in each block
2.4.2.2 During Visiting time

I had seen data center room, video conference room, network infrastructure, security camera, and
wireless access point. As I have been seen the data center or server room contains the data server
that all the BDU files stored. Just like any household, a data center connects its modem to the
internet via a fiber optic cable. The wires that a fiber cable connects to run through the data center
and under the ground. It stores valuable data, provide the processing power for computing
workloads, and host various applications and services of BDU. I have seen that router and
distributed switch located in that room. We have seen that the three main components of a data
center infrastructure. Such as core component – equipment and software for IT operations and
storage of data and applications. These includes storage systems, servers, network infrastructure
like such as switch (distribution switch) and router. And there was interference protective
aluminum covered wall. In the video conference room, we had seen that displays like laptop,
desktop monitor, television screen and speakers, webcams, VoIP … etc. A webcam is a digital
video device used to transmit pictures over the Internet. VoIP is that allows you to make voice
calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular phone line or analog.
I have also seen that student room and president and other offices security cameras. It is used for
to record videos of student activity.

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Figure 9: office equipment
2.5 Procedures Used Performing my Work Tasks

The following explanation and descriptions of the procedures are my tasks I was executing at
BDU during my intern program.
2.5.1 Clipping RJ45 with UTP

The materials we needed in crimping RJ45 connector with cat6 cable were the followings
✓ copper cable
✓ RJ-45 connectors.
✓ Relief boots
✓ RJ-45 crimping tool.
✓ Wire cutters, wire strippers, or scissors.
Procedure
1.I was cutting the outer sheath of the cable with a pair of scissors. By using a pair of scissors, I
gently cutting the plastic sheath about 1 inch from the end of the cable. When the scissors
penetrate the sheath, I rotated the cable and scissors to create a cut around the cable.
2. I separated and straighten out the small wires in the cable.
3. I was putting the wires in the right order. The order of the wires are two types such as Type A
and B. I used type A to do our tasks. By arranging the wires from left to right through the order
of orange-white, orange, green-white, blue, blue-white, green, brown-white, brown.

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Figure 10: RJ45, color order and UTP
4. I trimmed the wires half inch away from the sheath. By bringing the wires together and hold
them with our thumb and index finger and then, by using our scissors to cut them.
5. I was fitting the wires into the grooves of the RJ-45 connector.
6. I pressed the pins down with a flathead screwdriver till finished.
Figure 11: Pressing pins of RJ45
2.5.2 Installing Network cable

I had been installing five buildings among these we want to see one building only. The design of
this building depends on its number of levels and each level has five rooms. So, each room needs
three nodes or three computer nodes. This building has four (G + 3) levels. So, the number of
computers in this building are 5*3*4 = 60. To connect computers to the switch, we used star
topology. So, the physical layout that we used in this building was Star topology. We did
Labeling of the access switch for each node and room because it is used for future to Fault
isolation, ease of maintenance and for management purpose.

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There were 15 nodes in each level so, we used on each level 24 port access switch and the
remaining switch port used as a reserve for additional computers. There was also distribute switch
and fiber optic patch panel at ground. The model of switch we used are CISCO 3560 series.
Procedures
The procedure that I had done are as follow:
✓ Connect through cable from access switch to each node of room
✓ And then I checked from access switch to node if there is fault.
✓ Connect through the straight cable each access switch to the ground distribute switch.
✓ And check from access switch to distribute switch the installed cable whether functional or not
✓ The incoming multimode fiber optic cable was connecting to fiber optic patch panel Interface
that connects multiple optical fiber cables.
✓ And then I used media converter to connect the patch panel to distribute switch.
✓ Finally, I connected each all nodes to each computer.
The design of this building network was doing using via designing software and the figure as
shown below:
Figure 12: building network design

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Fiber optic cable mode type

There are two common types of fiber cable, Single mode & Multimode. Each type has a specific
purpose ✓ Single mode fiber has a smaller core and is used for long-distance communication.
This is typically fiber runs that are over 2km.
✓ Multimode 62.5µm (OM1) fiber has a larger core and used primarily for on-campus
applications where fiber runs will be less than 2km.
✓ Multimode 50µm (OM2, OM3, or OM4) fiber has a slightly smaller core than the traditional
multimode fiber. It is a newer fiber mode and was developed for high-speed applications. These
mode types allow for higher data speeds over longer distances. While the core size is the same
between OM2, OM3, or OM4, the grade of glass used in the fiber increases the higher OM
number.
Figure 13: mode type of fiber optic cable
Fiber optic patch panel

A fiber optic patch panel is commonly described as the interface panel that connects multiple
optical fiber cables and optical equipment. Patch panels are rack-mountable onto 19”, 21”and 23”
rack systems, and some are designed to be wall-mountable. It facilitates the easy termination of
fiber optic cables

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Figure 14:FO patch panel
2.5.3 Installing wireless access point

Wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to
connect to a wired network. On each floor of the building, we installed one WAP (wireless access
point). We know that this building has four (G + 3) floors. So, the number of WAP in this
building are four. To connect WAP to the switch, we used UTP cat6 cable. It is easy for future to
Fault isolation, ease of maintenance and for management purpose because in each floor there is
only one access point. The type of that access point is TP-link.
Figure 15 WAP
2.5.4 Computer maintenance

I had been maintained some computers. When some customers wanted to maintain their devices.
To perform our maintenance task, we followed some procedures. Among them are as follows:
✓ Before all we read the manual.
✓ And then we placed the computer in a proper place
✓ Then we recognize or identify which part of the device not working (problem identification)
✓ Finally fixing the problem
✓ For example, Hard disk and RAM installation could be performed. And also, laptop battery
replacing was performed. The materials used during our maintenance are:
✓ hand tools for disassembly and reassembly.
✓ A multi-meter.
✓ Chemicals such as contact cleaners.
✓ Foam swabs.

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2.5.5 Mechanical tools and techniques I have been using while performing my work
tasks
In the working environment I had had used materials and tools such as: Hack saw, Fishery, and
Nail, Hammer, UTP Cat 6e Cables, Cuter, UTP cable tester, Drill, Cable tie (I used UTPs wire),
RJ-45 Connectors, punch-down, Nodes/Outlets, PVC Trunks, Switch, Patch Panels, rack, Screw
drivers, Chargeable drill, Punta, Router.
1. A patch panel is a piece of hardware with multiple ports that helps organize a group of cables.
Each of these ports contains a wire that goes to a different location. Patch panels can be quite
small, with just a few ports, or very large, with many hundreds of ports.
Figure 16: patch panel
2. Hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade under tension in a frame that is used for cutting hard
materials. Also used for cutting the trunk cable.
Figure 17: Hacksaw
3. UTP cat6 cable – used for connecting two networking devices. It is a standardized twisted pair
cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers. The cable standard specifies performance of
up to 250 MHz, compared to 100 MHz for Cat 5 and Cat 5e.
Figure 18: UTP cat6 cable

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4. PVC Trucking :is used to hide and protect the cable with a given range of PVC trucking and
accessories. All of the trucking, which we have worked with, is white as standard however,
special colors can be supplied subject to color availability and quantity required. Network trunks
are also used for holds many trunks by one. It used to protect network cables from much external
damage.
Figure 19: PVC
5. RJ45 Connectors: It refers to a type of modular plug normally used at the end of Ethernet
patch cables, and when attached at the end of an Ethernet cable it is called a RJ45. RJ45 is a type
of cable connector which is mainly used in computer networks. RJ45 is mainly used for ethernet
networking which is used to connect different type of devices like a switch, hub, PC, router,
firewall to each other. RJ45 is the most known and popular connector type in the IT world.
Figure 20: RJ45
6. Fishery – used for sticking the trunk and rack with screw to the wall or floor.

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Figure 21: fishery
7.The racks :are made from hot-dipped galvanized rigid structure to provide itself the protection
against corrosion as well as protection of sensitive components and equipment against vibration.
The roofing provides protection against direct solar radiation. They are also useful in areas where
flammable gases are present. Used for short- or long-term placement of materials like switch,
router server in a facility, storage racks hold items in an organized area.
Figure 22: Rack
8. UTP cable tester is an electronic device used to verify the electrical connections in a signal
cable or other wired assembly. Basic cable testers are continuity testers that verify the existence
of a conductive path between ends of the cable, and verify the correct wiring of connectors on the
cable. It works when the top RJ45 connector sends signals to each of its eight legs. The lower
RJ45 connector receives signals from the top RJ45 connector created by the wire. When the red
LED above the orange light LED bar shows the pins in the top RJ45 connector sends a test signal,
and when the bottom of the red LED illuminates orange LED bar indicates which of the eight
dioceses of the bottom RJ45 connector signal receives in this state where the wire is broken or not
connected, none of LEDs in the LED bar will light up orange. If a short circuit between two or
more wires, more than an orange LED lights up when the bottom red LED lights. Each time the
button is the active output pin.

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Figure 23: UTP cable testers
2.6 How good I have been in performing my work tasks

When I performing my tasks, I found that all the workers help me to know the physical details of
the device that we have been performing. I found that switch and router configuring is easy and I
could not find that it is difficulty. I believe that team or group working, cooperating with other
workers and following orders are good.
2.7 Challenges I have been facing while performing my work tasks

Challenges are obstacles that have been blocking us from doing our work tasks freely and there is
the existence of bad working conditions.
The challenges that have been facing in the internship program are as follows:
Poor sight of internship program in BDU campus
 Lack of working room

 Lack of module for network configuration
 Blocking of entering in some departments
 Lack of access of library, computer and internet classes
 Lack of assist from our mentor (Mr. ALEMNEW) who was tangled by his own work and
so had little time to check up on us.
 The other challenge we faced was lack of expertise around our field in the office who
would be eligible enough to embark knowledge.

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 Throughout the whole program no proper training session that would have boosted up our
knowledge or practical skill has been held related to our field of study hosted by our
office.
2.8 Measures I have taken in order to overcome these challenges

To overcome these challenges, I have been taking the measurements as follow:
 For lack of configuration module, I have solved by preparing module

 For poor sight of internship program in the campus, I have solved by creating awareness
to the person who have such kind of thinking
 For lack of library, computer and internet classes access, I have been solving by using
our cell phone or using our mobile internet accesses
 For blocking entering in some departments, I have been solving by directing the
problems to the vice president of BDU and to other targeted personnel
 For lack of working room, I have solved by using BDU students’ class as working room.
Chapter 3
The Overall Benefits of The Internship

3.1 Benefits I Gained from Internship
An internship is a good introduction to the career we may want to pursue. Internships are
typically arranged through an educational counselor who can help match us to a company that fits
our career goals. Because companies typically have to meet educational requirements for
internships, we might be exposed to many aspects of a company’s business to help us explore the
work we intend to pursue full time.
Internships can help us gain valuable work experience, fulfill a college requirement. It allowing
us to explore our interests and form our personal career goals. This internship program helped us
to handle the practical knowledge and skill full. We could increase practical performance.
We could also evaluate ourselves how much we can change the theoretical knowledge to the
practical experience. An internship is a structured experience that have some advantages for
students in case job experience, research experience, access to a variety of tasks and departments,
mentorship, help guide career goals, create a professional network, build a strong resume and
secure good references and more. It also gave us the following benefits:
✓ Relates to our major goal
✓ Enhances our academic and personal development
✓ It can be one academic term for us

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✓ It paid us unlimited knowledge
Here are some advantages of internship for us and many students:
1. Job experience
Job listings often describe requirements such as education and minimum job experience. If we are
entering the workforce after university, we likely do not yet have the required experience. An
internship is a perfect way to fill that gap. We can gain valuable exposure to how a business in
our chosen field runs, take part in meetings and perform assigned tasks in a real-world setting.
2. Research experience
we could test the research skills we learned in our university courses in a practical setting and
meaningfully contribute to the important research the lab does like network configuration and
installation. Some permanent research jobs require this kind of post-education training. Internship
opportunities can help us to decide what kind of lab work we would like to do.
3. Access to a variety of tasks and departments
We were helping BDU ICT department in case of maintenance and troubleshooting of computers
that come from the campus societies. We also sit in on meeting conference. And we were
observing the daily functions of their office.
4. Help guide career goals
During our education, we have been studying a variety of subjects to determine our interests. Our
university helping us to determine exactly what kind of career we want to have. It studies us to
having diverse set of experiences that presents multiple career options. An internship could give
us job experience by introducing us to daily rigors and tasks without a firm commitment to that
precise career track. It could help us to decide if certain jobs fit our personality and our talents
and allow us to meet people who can give us career advice and guidance.
6. Create a professional network
The most successful job searching usually comes from meeting others in our field who can
recommend you for open positions. Internships are a practical way to expand our job network.
The professionals we will meet might be the most valuable connection to our future jobs, so
showing curiosity, enthusiasm and willingness can help professional contacts see our potential.
7. Build a strong resume
The valuable job experience enables us to fill out our resume with honesty and specificity. Not
only will be able to add the duties and projects from our internship to the experience section of
our resume, but you will also be able to more clearly describe our objective for a permanent

2016 E.C Page 32
position. The mentor we meet during our internship can be a valuable reference for us as we
pursue a full-time job. The more positive and hardworking we are, the more likely managers are
willing to recommend us for open positions.
References generated from an internship can be valuable in our job searches because those
managers will have known us personally and seen how we contributed to the company. They can
speak to specifics and describe our developing skills and how we education prepares us for
employment.
8. Transition to a permanent job
Internships can act as preliminary employment training, and human resources personnel and
managers can observe us in various situations to determine if we might be a valuable addition to a
team. It reduces some stress you might face in looking for a job without making internship
contacts.
9. Build confidence
The transition from college to full-time employment can fill you with excitement, anxiety, hope
and ambition all at once. An internship is a good way to fill some transition time with the work
you hope to do long-term. It can eliminate some pressure of quickly finding a permanent job and
help you apply the skills and knowledge you have been studying into a practical situation.
Benefits of an Internship
✓ We able to maintain computer hardware and software and printer maintenance.
✓ We able to make printer sharing.
✓ We can able to installation and maintain network.
✓ We could understand about how to fix Wi-Fi access points.
✓ We could identification and finding problem solutions.
✓ We could also develop how to strengthen friendship with other in workplace.
✓ We could develop work habit at work place to detect and solve network problems.
✓ We could also improve social interaction to others.
✓ We could also able to configure switch and router.
3.2 Practical skill

An internship provides us with experience of the real working world - an opportunity to explore a
company, a technical area or a business sector to see if it is where we see ourselves working for

2016 E.C Page 33
our first job. Along with that it can be the extended interview that gives us the offer of a full-time
job.
An internship also gives us a great opportunity to develop a wide range of life skills, so called
generic or transferable skills - the skills that are key to our employability. The whole experience
will be of great value to us for our CV and our employability.
An alternative way of looking at some internships is an opportunity to earn money for future
funding of our study programmed or lifestyle. But not all internships are paid. This internship
program helped us to get on practical knowledge and be skillful. We could increase practical
performance. We could also evaluate ourselves how much we can change the theoretical
knowledge to the practical one. In the networking field I was able to get practical skill how to
crimp internet cables, how to assign IP address dynamically to computers, how to spliced fiber
cables, how to configure switches, how to assign VLAN ID, how to drill walls, how to sealed
trunks, generally I get knowledge about overall network installation during my internship time. I
maintain it by troubleshoot the problems that are occurred.
Some of the practical skills I gained from this internship program are:
Network Security
Here's how Network security is used in Network Internship jobs:
I analyzed existing network security policies and procedures, we prepared overview suggesting
improvements. And I identified network security vulnerabilities on different international
organizations. I tried to ask BDU network administrators and work together on different network
security issues. I performed network security first level monitoring with BDU network
administrators and I have gotten a little experience. As I saw for network security possibilities:
✓ Constantly update software’s
✓ Self-update about network security techniques
✓ Focus on network security and deployment
✓ Evaluate, configure, and monitor network system to maintain data protection and others are
some tips to protect our network health.
Hardware and Software

Hardware is the physical part attached to a computer or other similar devices. Components are the
internal parts of hardware which include RAM, hard drives, motherboard, and so on. External
hardware devices which include, keyboard, mouse, printer, and so on are known as peripherals.
All of these together are called computer hardware. Software is the invisible part of computer
gives instruction for the function of computer.

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Here's how Hardware is used in Network Internship jobs:
By handling technical troubleshooting within a customer-oriented environment, including system

crashes, virus removal, and hardware replacement to treat it. And testing and evaluating hardware
and software to determine efficiency, reliability, and compatibility with existing systems of the
device.
Here are some of tips:
✓ Perform hardware troubleshooting, wired and wireless networking configuration, software

configuration and upgrades.
✓ Designed network for computer training center, upgraded software and hardware components
in older equipment
✓ Supported and optimized computer hardware and applications on the Public Safety Network.
✓ Performed server/workstation hardware upgrades, replacements parts and firmware/software

updates.
✓ Prepare evaluations of Software or Hardware and recommend improvements.
✓ Worked in Data Centers configuring servers and troubleshooting hardware.
✓ Performed software compatibility tests on various hardware platforms.
✓ Installed and maintained all company-approved hardware and software.
✓ Determine compatibility requirements between hardware and software.
✓ Configured hardware products per customer request.
✓ Perform scheduled software and hardware upgrades
✓ End user interface troubleshooting Rebooting workstations Hardware and software upgrades
Any and all miscellaneous tasks as instructed by the Network Manager.
✓ Analyzed, evaluated, and documented software and hardware problems to provide rapid
resolution support for known errors and documenting solutions.

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Customer Service
Customer service is the process of offering assistance to all the current and potential customers
answering questions, fixing problems, and providing excellent service. The main goal of
customer service is to build a strong relationship with the customers so that they keep coming
back for more business.
Here's how Customer Service is used in Network Internship jobs:
✓ Provided customer service and troubleshoot customer issues.
✓ Developed strong customer relations and customer service skills while providing training,
customer service and technical support to clients.
✓ Ensured excellent customer service to clients and created strong relationships to enhance the
overall customer experience with the corporation.
✓ Provide great customer service, prepare meals, clean and sanitize store, and inventory control.
✓ Demonstrate excellent customer service by providing clear and timely technical support to
center staff.
✓ Provide customer service after completing install; to eliminate trouble calls from users.
✓ Provided customer service support; responded to automated Help Desk tickets.
✓ Configure to and from TFTP Servers and supervise customer services.
✓ Provided customer service for the testing center.
✓ Worked at help desk Assisted with customer service to students and faculty
Troubleshoot
Troubleshooting is the process of analyzing and fixing any kind of problem in a system or a
machine. Troubleshooting is the detailed yet quick search in the system for the main source of an
issue and solving it. Here's how Troubleshoot is used in Network Internship jobs:
✓ Repaired, troubleshoot refurbished laptops.
✓ Perform detailed steps to troubleshoot

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✓ Worked alongside with IT supervisor to maintain, troubleshoot, and resolve most network
issues caused by poor network management.
✓ Installed and troubleshoot commercial software applications, such as Microsoft PowerPoint

and Word, Excel Outlook, and Adobe Acrobat.
✓ Utilized various software to monitor network for issues such as down ports and troubleshoot
all issues with switches and routers.
✓ Gained hands-on knowledge of change and incident management processes to troubleshoot

network and application issues across the infrastructure.
✓ Interact and collaborate effectively with customers, vendors, carriers and team members to
troubleshoot issues.
✓ Implemented layer 2 features like VLAN on the switches and troubleshoot consequent issues.
✓ Identify and troubleshoot problems associated with network consisting of over 1000 users on
multiple domains.
✓ Installed, updated and troubleshoot desktop computers, printers, check scanners, and software.
✓ Installed, configured and troubleshoot computer systems, printers, scanners and other
peripherals.
✓ Worked hand in hand with experienced team members to troubleshoot down hole problems.
✓ Install, configure and troubleshoot LAN and WAN using Cisco routers, switches.
✓ Worked with team to troubleshoot IT needs of corporate end-users of local office.
✓ Install and update proprietary software as well as setup and troubleshoot related equipment.
Routers
Here's how Routers is used in Network Internship jobs:
✓ Configured switches and routers
✓ Maintenance on Cisco wireless routers - configurations and installations.
✓ Created initial configuration of Cisco routers.
✓ Installed and maintained various network level equipment like switches, cables, routers and
access points.

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✓ Gained knowledge in physical layer devices that included cables and connectors, switches and
routers.
✓ Configure, install & test routers, switches, firewalls.
✓ Performed basic configuration tasks on network switches and routers to enable new devices on
the network.
✓ Provide support for all networking technologies including, hubs, switches, routers, and
firewalls.
✓ Installed & configured LAN & WAN using Cisco and Routers.
✓ Installed & configured LAN & WAN using Cisco 4300 series Routers and 2900 series
switches.
✓ Capable of network installation and maintenance
✓ Perform problem identification and finding solution. Additionally:
✓ Finding the solution.
✓ How strength friendship with other in workplace.
✓ Develop work habit at work place to detect and solve network problems.
✓ Social interaction within others.
✓ Abel to configure switch
In the networking field we were able to get practical skill how to crimp internet cables, how to
assign IP address dynamically to computers, how to spliced fiber cables, how to configure
switches, how to assign VLAN ID, how to drill walls, how to sealed trunks, generally we get
knowledge about overall network installation during our internship time. We maintain it by
troubleshoot the problem.
3.3 Theoretical Skill

Vocational training has existed for hundreds of years in the form of apprenticeships outside of
academia and universities. Within other types of vocational training that have a long educational
tradition, e.g., engineering or teaching, the education has taken place within the framework of
general educational coordinators such as colleges and universities. What these two types of
education have in common is that they are expected provide the students with the knowledge and
skills that they will need in practicing their profession. In addition, employers expect graduated
students to possess the skills required to meet the future requirements of an ever-changeable
environment and market.

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The above requires educational coordinators at a college and university level to adapt to
developments in the professional sphere, and to challenges and requirements presented by society
currently as well as in the future.
Among other things, the challenge lies both in supporting and challenging the students’
creativity, scientific and critical thinking, and in contributing to an innovative and more flexible
way of working. Reaching these educational goals presupposes a clear and systematic integration
of scientific theory and experience-based knowledge, the latter most certainly connected to
present, and if at all possible, future societal requirements.
This can sometimes be seen as a conflict of interest, but it can also be seen as complementary
opportunities. Another question that arises is to what extent the vocational and practical
knowledge in educational programmed match the conditions and dilemmas that characterize the
professions that are being taught, and that are not necessarily a part of theory led internships.
Examples of this can be the various types of knowledge acquired through practical experience
that cannot always be articulated or put into a theoretical context.
How the integration of empirical knowledge and experience-based internships take shape varies
depending on which vocational course you are looking at; workplace-based courses, Co-op
courses and mentoring, mentoring organizations’, project work and degree projects are all forms
of education provided at university. These methods have all been available for a long period of
time in the courses we take, and are expected to integrate empirical knowledge and experience
based practical knowledge. If and how this happens is something we don’t know very much
about, which means that we need to learn more about how the relationship between different
working methods and spheres of knowledge can be understood, and how the courses’ educational
goals compare to outlined expectations and conditions.
We were also seeing the following one. How the theory changed to practical, how equipment can
be used practically. How the overall concepts of the courses are related and applied exactly on
practical works? We have seen during our internship program that helped us to improve our
theoretical skills and to relate what we have learnt at the classroom with the practical things we
have been working. The following are essential things all what I gained from the theoretical part.
 I could understand and practice how switches troubleshoot and configured.
 I could test our knowledge on different problems like solving network and device-oriented
problems.
 I were learning how can I improve resource management and wisely use it.
And management of my time, knowledge and problem.
 And also, I aware on how to extend my knowledge when I will at work place, and on different
situation.

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3.4 Interpersonal Communication Skill

Interns will be expected to form and maintain appropriate and effective professional relationships
with colleagues, support staff, organizations, supervisors, supervisees, clients, and other allied
professionals throughout the course of the training program and complete documentation of client
records that is on time and maintains client treatment/assessment information security and
confidentiality.
Interns will demonstrate use of effective interpersonal skills in managing conflict or difficult
communication with others. Interns are expected to demonstrate thorough understanding and use
of professional language and concepts in both written and verbal communications and the ability
to effectively understand, integrate, and communicate information both verbally and through
writing. Interns will also be expected to demonstrate openness and responsiveness to supervision,
feedback from colleagues, willingness to engage in non-defensive discussion of feedback, and
implement feedback appropriately to enhance further growth.
That inter was helping us and testing our interpersonal communication skill. That was very
important for us when we were at working and when we needed any assisting. And also it was
good us when we were wanting to know about new skills.
Here are six ideas to help me communicate more effectively in our internship:
I. Volunteer to give a presentation to BDU
As a fresh face within BDU, I was in an ideal position to observe and learn. We suggest our
mentor that at the mid-way point of our internship I would like to give a short presentation of the
new skills I have learnt or worked. And then he was good and he understood us.
II. Ask to BDU a team meeting
There were meetings in BDU and we wanted to attend, so we would like to ask our mentor to tell
us how to get or got to the meeting. Most meetings were scheduled a weekly and monthly. We
were more involving at zoom meeting. Because this makes us more confidence on speaking in
front of other meetings or any member discussion.
III. Seek feedback from our mentor
We were giving feedback to our mentor on each activity. The feedback was ether supportive or
initiative. Because we were confidently communicating to our mentor. There were actively seek
feedback from our peers to ensure that we are constantly learning and improving our
communication skills.

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As an intern I placed at BDU in the previous was demonstrating a really proactive approach to
full networking background. By honestly advising our peers from our mentor networking is the
most important and needs for a certain company. And there was working hard to improve
network security. He asked our peers to point out any systematic errors when we configuring
different network devices. Because he had actively reached out to our peers, he was able to work
on our area of development before his work.
IV. Practice our 'small talk' at informal times
The easiest and quickest way to improve our communication skills is to practice at any informal
times and then practice some more. We were using our internship as an ideal way to speak with
our colleagues and learn from their experiences. And becoming involved communicating with
BDU communities at any activities. By making effort to introduce ourselves to people in our
working area. And we were asking their experience and engage them in conversation. This will
help your language skills improve.
V. Reach out to those in a similar situation (Intern students from another place)
There were many tip/experiences was shared with us by an intern placed into a networking team.
That was a great way to not only build our professional relationships, it was also an invaluable
method of gaining first hand tips from people who have been in a similar situation.
That intern was able to grasp strategies and methods to improve my communication skills as well
as build a connection with my colleague.
VI. Keep on learning and practicing
The development of our communication skills needs to be an ongoing part of our professional
learning and development. As we start our intern, we were learning many new technical skills
which are incredibly important for our development. However, effective communication skills
will really help us go to the next level of our intern. we wanted to consider extra training or
classes to perfect our good communication.
3.5 Improving team playing skills

Teamwork is prerequisite to the success of any organization, and to the success of the individuals
who work there. It’s vital you keep developing the skills that enable you to collaborate well with
colleagues and clients
In a working place, the most important part is the team work. This internship program thought us
a lot about the benefits of team work. The basic advantages that that internship program made us
improve Sharing ideas and solve the problem together, and made us strong. We learnt from our
mistake by asking questions and to improve our experience. Most importantly we learnt treat each
other and others with a respectful and supportive manner.

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We have learned from internship period that team works leads us being successful and
productive. When we speak and interact with one another, we pause and think about what we
talk. When we paid close attention to those around us, we were notice who on our team might
need our support. If we colleague seems to be uncertain about how to proceed with a task that we
are clear on, offer to help them. In fact, many people prefer to have a task clarified by a colleague
and not by their supervisor, fearing the latter might doubt their competence for the role. If another
of our colleagues is having difficulty meeting a deadline – again, offer to help. Ultimately, teams
succeed only if everyone puts in their best effort. Team playing skill helps us to get and solve
different problems. Like as follow:
✓ works with group of teams.
✓ Increase the speed of activities.
✓ problem identification and solving skill.
✓ choose appropriate way to solve the existing problem.
✓ Generating or forwarding flexible permissions to solve the problems raised.
✓ well decision maker.
3.6 Improving Leadership skills

Leadership is a process of leading the careers of the company. A person who is in the position of
leadership should be smart enough to manage those individuals whom he/she is leading. Became
a great leader at a work place is the other important thing beside team work. In our overall
internship time, we have been taught by our Advisor and our overall co-workers there are some
key terms to improve our leader ship skills. Some of them are:
✓ To be a communicable person with everyone with a great Smile
✓ Responsibility
✓ Punctuality
✓ Accountability for your duty
✓ Transparency
✓ Able to resist problems
✓ To be a problem solver
✓ Create self-motivation and workers’ motivation.
✓ To listen the idea of any employee

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3.7 About work ethics related issues

A work ethics is a belief in the moral benefit and importance of work and its inherent ability to
strengthen character. A strong work ethic can improve one’s’ career. We have gained some moral
principles posing a strong work ethics guide us to have work behavior and also, we noticed that it
would lead to produce high quality work consistently. We have seen that in our internship period
a strong work ethics is vital to a company achieving its goals. We have known important things
about work ethics like: -
✓ Co-operation
✓ Honesty
✓ Obedience to relatives, user and our instructor
✓ Sense of responsibility
✓ Having willing to do some task
✓ Confidentiality
✓ Respect the rules and the regulations
✓ Discipline
✓ Act in the public interest
✓ Commitment
✓ Sense of teamwork
3.8 Improving entrepreneurship skills

An internship at a startup which is still finding its footing will allow you to learn entrepreneurship
skills more than interning at big, established companies.
For example, someone went to an online portal and started applying to multiple internships. Since
s/he didn't have any previous work experience or any job-specific skills, s/he faced a lot of
rejections before s/he was finally shortlisted for a marketing internship in a startup. After a
telephonic interview with the HR, he was hired for the two-month internship. Since it was a
startup, s/he was needed to handle multiple responsibilities ranging from marketing and business
development to blogging and social media marketing. This gave her/him an exposure to various
aspects of a business as well as helped her/him learn a diverse range of skills including
marketing, customer relationship management, graphic designing, and a bit of coding. While
working closely with the core team of the startup, s/he even developed many entrepreneurial
skills like creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, self-reliance, and team building, which
later helped her/him launch her/his own startup.

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Being an active student who liked to participate in extracurricular activities, attend workshops,
and competitions, s/he found out that students don't have enough resources to find out about the
events being held in the city and end up missing out on some good opportunities. However, the
probability of picking up these entrepreneurial skills will be higher in startups. Well, startups
usually have a flat hierarchy where you often get to work closely with the core team on projects
that has a straight impact on the users, thus learn directly from the accomplished entrepreneurs
and professionals in a real-time environment. Here are entrepreneurial skills we could learn while
doing our internship:
1. Leadership:
Leadership is not limited to heading a team and delegating work. Instead, it includes a diverse
range of aspects from team building and management to staying self-motivated and keeping our
team motivated too.
While interning at a startup, we have gotten to observe leaders closely and we might even get a
chance to lead a team of our own. We know that goals are achieved with focused team efforts and
this could only happen with a thought leadership that knows how to take everyone together and
utilize every resource and talent in the most optimal way possible.
2. Communication and interpersonal skills:
An entrepreneur needs to be highly proficient in every kind of communication with all the
stakeholders. This involves having good observation and listening skills, writing skills for emails,
reports, and proposals, negotiation skills, ability to delegate work and deal with conflicts while
being fair.
In a startup, I often work on different projects and coordinate with team members. In BDU there
were some projects like new network installation and configuring, improving agricultural way of
life. On that project there were members having different mindsets and coming from diverse work
backgrounds of BDU. We sometimes have to face a difference of opinion with a team member
but, we tolerated one another and we were proceed our any other technical setback. We were
developed positive attitude to solve that problem. And we were also learning good
communication skills.
3. Flexibility:
It is extremely important for an entrepreneur to be flexible in his/her business plans and decisions.
Optimism, risk tolerance, and acceptance of failure are the three major parts of being flexible. In
simple words, an entrepreneur must be able to handle failure, redefine his/her goals, redesign
his/her plans as per the changing market needs, willing to take risks, and keep going.
Startups keep on exploring new concepts and this gives us an opportunity to understand and pick
up that skill by working on such projects of BDU.

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4. Critical thinking:
Figure 24: critical thinking
As an entrepreneur, you must be able to recognize opportunities, analyze the problems, plan a
creative solution, and take critical decisions for this is the only way a business could grow.
During internships, many a time, you are expected to come up with new project ideas, conduct
analysis and plan their execution thus helping you inculcate creativity, critical thinking, and
problem-solving abilities.
The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business with any of its
following risks is being an entrepreneur. During this short time of our internship programs, we
have claimed that Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk taking.
Entrepreneurship is scary just because there is no guarantee that the innovation or the business
will work also it needs a great encouragement from the surrounding even though on the positive
side our internship program helped us improve the benefits of being an entrepreneur. Some of the
ability we gained and we have learnt in order to be an entrepreneur is:
✓ On ambiguous problem we apply creative thinking
✓ We can find out some more bossiness plan
✓ We can participate actively on society problems
✓ We can define problems and make valuable solutions
✓ We can learn from our failure and success

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3.9 Overall experience and suggestions

The internship certainly provides us insights into the working world. We experienced first- hand
challenges of managing ourselves, the work itself and our co-workers. All of us were satisfied
with our internship program. We offered the following:
✓ It was a very pleasant experience. I am very happy with the internship and it definitely met my
expectations.
✓ This is a very valuable experience. The internship overall exceeded my expectation as I only
expected to know what a professional service does. My only expectation was to find out what it
was all about.
✓ Overall, the internship met our expectation I wanted to see what the real working environment
was like, it was very different, I thought it would not be a drastic difference. I got to interact with
people from all walks of life.
Chapter 4
Conclusion and recommendations

4.1 Conclusion
After completing my internship program at BDU, I had been exposed to networking,
troubleshooting, maintenance and other more experiences working life. Throughout internship
program, I could understand more about the definition of networking and troubleshooting and
prepare myself to become a responsible and innovative and network designer in the future. Along
training period, I realize that observation is a main element to find out the root cause of a
problem. Besides, my communication skill is strengthen as well when communicating with
others. During training period, I have received criticism and advice from BDU communities and
IT technician when mistakes were made. However, those advices are useful guidance for me to
change myself and avoid making the same mistakes again. Apart from that, we had also
developed our configuring and installing skills through various predesigned projects that we had
done. This also helps sharpen our skills in configuring since most of the networking were done
with the aid of putty. In sum, the activities that we had learned during intern really are useful for
us in future to face challenges in a working environment.
Throughout the internship program, we found that several things are important:
 Critical and Analytical Thinking
To organize our tasks, we need to analyze our problems and to formulate a good solution to the
problem. We would have to set contingency plan for the solution, so that we are well prepared for
the unforeseeable situations.

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 Time Management
As a network engineer always racing against tight timeline and packed schedule, a proper time
management will minimize facing overdue deadlines. An effective time management allows us to
do our tasks efficiently and meet our schedules. Scheduling avoids time wastage and allows us to
plan ahead, and gaining more as a result.
 Goal Management
It is better to sub-divide the goals to a few achievable tasks, so that we will be gaining more
confidence by accomplishing those tasks.
 Colleague Interactions
In working environment, teamwork is vital in contributing to a strong organization. Teamwork is

also essential in reaching the goals of the organization as an entity. Thus, communicating and
sharing is much needed in the working environment.
Therefore, we should be respecting each other in work, and working together as a team, instead of
working alone. This is because working together as a team is easier in reaching our targets, rather
than operating individually.
In general, we can conclude that the internship benefits us in networking background practical
and theoretical. All of us believed that our internship program was good and we have gotten the
required knowledge and experience. We were able to see the bigger picture and develop our
presentation and our skills. Apart from that, we also learnt to be more independent. All these
learning was made possible through the variety of tasks and responsibilities given to us
throughout the duration of the 15-week internship program.
Internship programs offer us to understand the true and real-world activities on networking. Most
importantly these interns had the opportunity to understand the work culture during the internship
program.
In addition, given that the internship is only for a short duration of time, both the university and
host BDU draw up for us a meaningful and structured internship program to maximize the
potential learning experience for us. It is also crucial that they are given tasks which challenge us
to optimize learning. The support extended to us by the BDU supervisor, co-workers and the
university is deemed to be vital. This will ensure that the we would be properly guided by both
the BDU and the workplace in order to having a more meaningful internship experience.
4.2 Recommendation on the Internship Experience

My intern made me problem solver and work maker without keeping governmental or any private
organizations’ work. My intern was very important and made us skillful. But it was challengeable
and needs hard work sometimes. So, we would like to say some points recommendation. It would
be ideal when Bahir Dar university says there was some sort of training for students. And we
didn’t know which hosting company was good.
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So, to find the hosting company is hard to us. But at the end we found BDU that there was
network installation project so we would like it. To say truly it was good because we had gotten
some benefits, expectations and experiences from BDU. Many students find it hard to go through
all this steps. It would be great if I knew all about those things before I do our internship period.
There would have been better if we had enough money during our internship program. Most of
the students and the living expense were very high to get access of such as things dormitory,
transport and food.
Short term internship program is not enough to finish students experience sharing and learn
something new. In order to exercise our theoretical and practical skills, it is very recommendable
to have long-term internship program.
At the end, internship program is very important for any want to gain exercised skills and
knowledge. It was very important that internship program should continue and needed for all
students at a certain school or institution, and the opportunity should be given as much as possible
for every university student and for any employee at a company.
Chapter 5
Campus Network design Project

5.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Bahirdar University interested in network installation throughout its campus. So, it wants to
connect these campuses to the main campus through VPN. This network supports email, basic
Internet access, and a few specialized software tools like zoom. And it will be having higher
speeds, more reliability, and easier maintenance of network components. These changes, if
implemented, will provide greater reliability and security for all users of the BDU campus
network.
Along with the new hardware, the new network configuration will open the door for BDU to
explore new possibilities in using the network to increase overall productivity and, in the end,
better serve the needs of their users and communities. This takes into account not only resolving
current network problems, but also the overall cost of network ownership in the future.
5.1.1 OVERVIEW
The campus network carries critical student issues care data in real time from both a mainframe
host and several servers to workstations in ICT rooms, President offices, the Human resource
office, teaching labs, and Executive secretary office. Of course, all of the data transferred is
highly confidential and must not be lost or accessed by unauthorized personnel. BDU has more
than ten new buildings. The building has four floors with wiring closets per floor. The campus is
aggressively expanding its lab room, office rooms and alternative class room.

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Due to staff member and intake capacity expand in general, plans to enlarge the campus building
are also under way. The campus would like to expand the WAN infrastructure to provide
sufficient bandwidth between the campus and other universities at the same time. The
applications that the organization is currently running include standard office applications, plus
some specialized devices running over IP. BDU ICT, Computational, and other departments do
use connection to browse anything.
5.1.2 problem statement

The previous network uses inexpensive switches and router over time. The network access was
not much enough and the management is tired of network downtime and slowness affecting
community’s care. There was also misconfiguration, unable to establish VPN connection and the
problem of ongoing network process. The network path could be not found (DNS problem),
unable to connect printer. The staff members have frequently complained about slow response
times of the network. Solving these problems are important to reduce slow response, ensure
network and data secure, to satisfy communities demand and others.
5.1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The objective of network design is to satisfy data communication requirements while minimizing
expense. Requirement scope can vary widely from one network design project to another based
on geographic particularities and the nature of the data requiring transport. The main goal of
networking is-resource sharing, and it is to make all programs, data and equipment available to
anyone on the network without the regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. A
second goal is to provide high reliability by having alternative sources of supply.
Generally, the major objective of this project are the following:
✓ Provide more than adequate bandwidth between the different building and other universities
✓ Improve and consolidate network performance.
✓ Provide increased network capacity.
✓ Provide future expansion capability.
✓ Improve the network's fault tolerance, security, and high-speed connection, which will
increase the efficiency of day-to-day tasks in the campus.
✓ Identify the critical points of failure in the existing network and propose on how to eliminate
them.
✓ Recommend which points of failure should be addressed to increase availability and how to
increase this go.

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5.1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS

✓ Improved network reliability, security, and fault tolerance. Critical points of failure will be
identified and redundancy will be implemented to provide fault tolerance. This will save BDU a
great deal of money lost from a network limitation. Lack of connection make the BDU
communities boring.
Additionally, a breach in security could potentially cost millions in lawsuits.
✓ BDU will be able to process more records and accomplish more work with fewer staff. Much
less time will be spent waiting on the network.
5.1.5 PROJECT BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL GOALS

Business goals
✓ Reduce operational costs
✓ Reduce operational inefficiencies:
✓ Also measured in average time to process differ tasks.
✓ Increase employee productivity:
Technical goals
✓ Improve Network Speed and Capacity.
✓ Improve Network Security: Create an isolated VLAN for the BDU communities in order to
prevent students accessing data from the other servers.
✓ Replace hubs with managed switch. Managed switches provide all of the features of an
unmanaged switch and provide the ability to configure, manage, and monitor your LAN. And this
gives greater control over how data travels over the network.
5.1.6 PROJECT PROPOSAL

The following are the major design areas to be addressed:
✓ Identify the relevant network applications, their logical connectivity requirements, and the
services required.
✓ Redesign the BDU LAN: The entire network needs to be redesigned because there is no
redundancy. Included in the redesign fix the placement of the servers that will be implemented
and the identification of the single point's failure in order to find solutions to eliminate them.
✓ Expand the WAN links: the campus is using a new different application that takes a lot of
bandwidth.

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✓ Isolated VLAN of ICT DEPT: The 50 workstations connected to the five-shared servers that
serve as training to ICT DEPT need to have an isolated VLAN in order to prevent unauthorized
data access by campus student from the main server.
✓ Firewall: There should be a firewall in between the router that connects to the two remote
campus in order to prevent unauthorized access from outside BDU network.
5.1.7 CAPITAL AND OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
This section of the report covers the estimated costs for this project.
Hardware quantity cost per unit Total cost
Cisco ISR 4331 1 US$1,504.00 US$1,504.00
Cisco Catalyst 3560 3 US$ 1,073.00 US$3,219.00

Series
cisco ASA 5506 1 US$465.00 US$465.00

firewall
Catalyst 2960 >=35 US$ 643.80 US$22,533.0
Rack 24- U 30 US$51.50 US$1,545.00
DESKTOP >=3500 US$160.95 US$563,325.00
Total …. ........ ......... ..US$592,591
Table 1: capitals and device requirement

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5.1.8 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATION

In summary, the primary goal of this project is to expand the existing network of BDU and
remotely connect the two new branches of BDU. Accomplishment of the goal will bathe redesign
of the campus LAN and the expanding of the WAN links, the creation of an isolated VLAN for
the campus students, staff members, and visitors; and superior firewall protection. As part of our
expand recommendation, the inclusion of the physical and logical design and specifications for
the network is shown on a diagram, which also includes these modifications. A security
evaluation attained to determine the security of the network, incorporate toward the establishment
of a new BDU network security policy that takes into account the network expand. The estimate
for implementation of the network expand per recommendation will incur a cost of less than four
thousand dollars to BDU. Our belief, with the new network expand, BDU will achieve its goal of
modernizing its technological resources. In addition, the implementation of the new network
expand will provide the critical and much needed benefit of improving BDU’s fault tolerance and
security, as well as provide a high-speed connection.
5.2 NETWORK ANALYSIS

In the preceding section, the team presented the existing network diagram of BDU. In this
diagram, the team had identified critical points of failure. Sometimes computer users
unintentionally harm data, applications, software configurations, or even hardware. The BDU
network administrator must take precautionary measures and pay regular, close attention to
systems and networks to protect them such as:
✓ All possible redundancy should be employed to protect the availability of the operating room
systems, including redundant cabling, redundant NICs in the server that those workstations use,
fail-over capabilities in the switches these machines attach to, UPS backup for the servers that
contain student records, and centralized data backup for all servers.
✓ Switch redundancy: if network problems exist due to switch ‘A’ failure, switch ‘B’ still
functional and supply the links to the server; to the other two distribution switches and to the
WAN link. This redundancy solution will prevent the network system down due to a single
switch failure.
✓ Link redundancy: backup the link when there is a link failure to the server or to the switches.
The trunk ports of the switch are specifically used for backbone connection between switches.
✓ Each server that contains student records or other critical data, and the NICs, hard disks,
cabling, memory and CPU in those servers.
✓ Switches and Hubs that link to the operating rooms, president office, ICT office, teaching labs

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5.3. PHYSICAL DESIGN

In this section, the physical topology demonstrates the direction of the physical design
implementation and illustrates the major points of the network expand, which includes the
devices, locations, and cable installation. In the main floor of the building, the mainframe and the
five servers are in place. The mainframe connects to the five servers. The managed switches from
the different floors then connect to the mainframe. Please see the figure below.
Figure 25: physical design
The physical design has the following features:
✓ The building is equipped with Category 5e cabling and wall plates in the offices, classrooms,
labs, and so on.
✓ With in the building, managed switches are used. Managed switches give more control over
LAN traffic and offer advanced features to control that traffic. It provides the ability to configure,
manage, and monitor LAN and this gives greater control over how data travels over the network
and who has access to it.

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In addition, managed switches use protocols such as the Simple Network Management Protocol,
or what we call SNMP, for monitoring the devices on the network. SNMP is a protocol that
facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. SNMP queries can
determine the health of the network or the status of a particular device. By displaying this data in
an easily understood format, IT managers located at a central site can monitor the performance of
the network and quickly detect and repair network problems without having to physically interact
with the switch.
✓A separate router is used in the third floor. The sole purpose of this router is to manage the
VLAN of campus in order to prevent the students from accessing the critical information of the
campus such as grade information.
✓ The ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. These are companies that provide access to the
Internet. In our country there are two ISPs such as ethio-telecom and safaricom. But in this case
we used the first ISP known as ethio-telecom.
✓ The firewall is a device designed to permit or deny network transmissions based upon a set of
rules and is frequently used to protect networks from unauthorized access while permitting
legitimate communications to pass.
5.4 LOGICAL DESIGN

In order to meet BDU's business and technical goals, the team applied the Cisco SAFE
Architecture in designing BDU logical design. Cisco SAFE architecture provides the security
design guidelines for building secure and reliable network infrastructures that are resilient to both
well-known and new forms of attacks.
The principal goal is to provide best practices information on designing and implementing secure
networks. This architecture uses a modular approach. The modularity built into the architecture
allows flexibility in network design and facilitates implementation and troubleshooting. Cisco
SAFE Architecture takes a defense in-depth approach, in which multiple layers of protection are
strategically located throughout the network. These layers are under unified strategy for
protecting the entire network and the various components of the network, including individual
network segments, infrastructure devices, network services, endpoints, and applications.
The logical network topologies are divided into three functional areas called modules, as
illustrated in the logical design below.
✓ Enterprise Campus - This area contains all the functions required for independent operation
within one campus location; it does not provide remote connections.
✓ Enterprise Edge - This area contains all the functions required for communication between the
Enterprise Campus and remote locations, including the Internet, remote employees, partners, and
so forth.

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✓ Service Provider Edge - This functional area is not implemented by the organization; rather, it
is included to represent WANs and Internet connections provided by service providers.
Each of this functional areas contains network modules, which in turn can include the core,
distribution, and access layer functionality. So I use the first logical topology design…[campus
network design]
Figure 26: logical design
The following are considerations provided to the functional areas and modules. The Campus
Infrastructure module connects devices within a campus to the Data Center and Enterprise Edge
modules. The Campus Infrastructure module includes three layers:
Access Layer
✓ The Access layer, located within a campus building, aggregates end users from different
workgroups and provides uplinks to the Building Distribution layer. This contains all the devices
to allow authorized users in the building to access the network.

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This includes end-user devices, such as workstations, etc., as well as devices to interconnect the
end users to the services they require. This layer is responsible for ensuring that only users who
are authorized to access the network are admitted. This layer provides important services, such as
broadcast suppression, protocol filtering, network access, IP multicast, and QoS.
Distribution Layer
✓ The Distribution layer provides access between workgroups and to the Core. Routing is
implemented in this layer. This layer controls access to services by implementing filters or access
lists. Redundant switches and redundant links to both the access and backbone is also
implemented. So in case the one of the routers or links will be down, the network can still
continue to function.
Core Layer
✓ The Core layer provides a high-speed connection between the access layer, distribution and
the data Server and Edge Distribution. Redundancy is implemented to ensure a highly available
and reliable backbone.
Data Center Module
The data center contains internal BDU servers. These servers include e-mail, file, and print
servers, or any other servers that are necessary for the network solutions. Redundancy is also
implemented within this layer and to the Core so that authorized users always have access to the
servers they need.
Edge Distribution Module
The Edge Distribution could be optional. This module aggregates the connectivity from the
various elements at the enterprise edge and routes the traffic into the Campus Core layer. In
addition, the Edge Distribution module acts as a boundary between the Enterprise Campus and
the Enterprise Edge and is the last line of defense against external attacks. The Edge Distribution
provides additional security between the Enterprise Campus and the Enterprise Edge. The edge
distribution protects from the following threats:
✓ IP spoofing - the edge distribution router protects the core from spoofing of IP addresses.
✓ Unauthorized access - Controls access to the network core.
✓ Network reconnaissance - filtering of network discovery packets to prevent discovery from

External networks.
✓ Packet sniffers-the edge distribution separates the edge’s broadcast domains from the campus,
preventing possible network packet captures.

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Enterprise Edge Internet Connectivity Module
The Internet Connectivity module provides internal users with connectivity to Internet services,
such as HTTP, FTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and DNS. This module also
provides Internet users with access to information published on an enterprise’s public servers,
such as HTTP and FTP servers.
Devices in this module include DNS servers, public servers (FTP and HTTP), DMZ, firewalls,
and edge routers.
Major components used in the Internet Connectivity module include the following:
✓ SMTP mail servers: Act as a relay between the Internet and the intranet mail servers.
✓ DNS servers: Serve as the authoritative external DNS server for the enterprise and relay
internal DNS requests to the Internet.
✓ DMZ: It prevents outside users from getting direct access to a server that has campus data.
✓ Public servers (for example, FTP and HTTP): Provide public information about the
organization. Each server on the public services segment contains host-based intrusion detection
systems (HIDS) to monitor against any rogue activity at the operating system level and in
common server applications including HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.
✓ Firewalls: Provide network-level protection of resources, provide state-full filtering of traffic,

and forward VPN traffic from remote sites and users for termination.
✓ Edge routers: Provide basic filtering and multilayer connectivity to the Internet.
5.5 BDU SECURITY POLICY

The following policy outlines data security at BDU campus. All employees of BDU agree to
adhere by this policy for the duration of their employment at the campus. In addition, it is the
responsibility of every employee to report any known or suspicious activity that may be in
violation of this policy. All information and records will be secured and protected from
unauthorized users.
✓ Control physical access to facilities
✓ Control physical access to data centers
✓ Prevent password-recovery mechanisms in insecure locations
✓ Be aware of cable plant issues
✓ Be aware of physical PC security threats

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AUTHENTICATION
Users at BDU will be assigned a personal profile with a specified security level based on the
amount of information they need to access on a routine basis.
In order to log on to a workstation anywhere in the campus, a user must enter their login
credentials, which will allow them access to the work station and any information they are
authorized to see.
Once a user logs in, the workstation will automatically log out after 5 minutes of inactivity in
order to maintain a high level of security. After this time, the user will be required to log back in
to continue working.
VIOLATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Even with network security and authentication in place, it is possible for information security to
be compromised. The following list is not comprehensive, but it does specify a broad range of
activities that constitute violation of the BDU security policy:
✓ Leaving a workstation without logging out
✓ Giving out authentication information
✓Allowing someone else to look over your shoulder while you are logged on to a workstation
✓ Attempting to access features, settings, or information that you are unauthorized to access
✓ Using a workstation under another user’s profile
✓ Attempting to navigate to unauthorized websites that could potentially introduce a virus
✓ Attempting to tamper with, or alter in any unauthorized way, records or other information
contained in BDU’s information systems
✓ Taking any records or other information outside of the campus premises without specific
permission
✓Attempting to alter any network configuration settings, or tamper with any network hardware
or software

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5.6 Network Cost of Ownership

The System Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is defined by the following categories in
implementing the network system at BDU campus.
Category Infrastructure cost
Power equipment US$2,089.13
Cooling equipment US$1,008.00
Engineer and installation labor US$23,332.00
electricity US$473.00
Racks and enclosures US$56.00
Project management US$12.00
Totals US$26,970.13
Table 2: costs of TCO
5.7 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

After all details are finalized and expanding design strategy complete, the implementation of the
network expansion will transpire with minimal or no downtime within BDU. As part of our
implementation plan, an initial network test will occur. This will be done during off-hours to
minimize possible problems; however, the final test will be done during normal business hours to
completely evaluate the network expansion performance.
The following items below will be completely under evaluation:
✓ Verify the design expansion meets key business and technical goals.
✓ Validate LAN and WAN technology and device selections.

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✓ Verify the service provider provides the agreed-upon service.
✓ Identify any bottlenecks or connectivity problems.
✓ Test the redundancy of the network.
✓ Analyze the effects on performance during network link failures.
✓ Determine the optimization techniques to meet performance and other technical goals.
✓ Analyze the effects on performance while the upgrade of network links or devices is under
construction (what-if analyses).
✓ Identify any risks that can impede implementation and determine the plans for contingencies.
The following are considerations to experience while a live test is under implementation:
✓ Warn users in advance about the timing of tests so they can expect some performance
degradation, but ask the users to work as they typically do to avoid invalidating the test by
abnormal behavior. Moreover, have the users report any issues that arise during the live test.
✓ Warn network administrators and other designers in advance to avoid the possibility that they
could be running tests at the same time.
✓ Warn network managers in advance, so they are not confused by unexpected alarms on
network-management consoles, and so they can account for test traffic when documenting load
and availability statistics.
✓ If possible, we will run multiple, short (less than 2-minute) tests to minimize user impact and
lessen the effects on baseline measurements.
✓ Monitor test results and discontinue them when test objectives are met, or the production
network is severely impacted or fails. Furthermore, we will provide a follow-up after
implementation. We will follow up every day until all issues have been resolved and the
design/upgrade has been fully completed.
5.8 BDU Network Configuration

Router: 4300 Series- I used Router 4331 in this configuration.

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Figure 27: ISR4331
Switch: we used one switch [3560] next to R4331.
The interface of router ISR4331 are as follow presented:
▪ Gi0/0/0-connected to ISP IP address of 10.138.220.76 with mask address 255.255.248.0.
▪ Gi0/0/1-Trunk BDURouter to layer three switch model 3560.
▪ Gi0/0/2-reserved for the other branches of BDU
The router ISR4331 interface Gi0/0/0 connected to the ISP such as ethio-telecom
The router interface Gi0/0/1-connected to 3560 switches (layer three switch)
The router interface Gi0/0/2 reserved
Figure 28: router4331 to Ethio-Tele connection
Sub-interface /SFP Module/

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A sub-interface is a virtual interface created by dividing one physical interface into multiple
logical interfaces for sending and receiving data. We use the following sub interfaces of router
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 because this interface is our trunk. In order to form a trunk link
with our switch it is necessary to create one sub-interface for every VLAN configured on our
switch. After creating the sub-interface, we assign an IP address to it and set the encapsulation
type to 802.1q along with the VLAN to which the sub-interface belongs. SFP module is a small
form-factor pluggable transceiver used for interface between networking equipment and
interconnecting cables.
So, the BDU network design and project just like this
Figure 29 BDU Network Simulation snapshoot

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Result Analysis
Fig 30 DHCP Result
Fig 31 ping mgt access from Main Campus

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Fig 32 ping mgt access from branch Campus
Fig 33 ping mgt access from mgt pcs

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5.9 Conclusion and recommendation on project

Conclusion
The aim of this project is to design BDU network expanding to provide for the existence of
network access in each building. This design should prove to be a useful network accessing and
providing easy access and exchange of information between different buildings and external
network(internet) forming the network inside the specified buildings in the study area.
Recommendation
It could be very useful to determine the data availability for the features to be modeled before
attempting a project with a similar topic. Valuable time was wasted trying to locate and find
relevant data useful for this project. The end result was that most of the data had to be guessed
and assumed which resulted in a model that can only be implemented as a prototype.
Chapter 6
General conclusion and recommendation

6.1 Conclusion
The internship program used to realize theoretical knowledge with a practical demonstration. It
also used for to develop team playing skill, interpersonal skill and leader ship skill etc. an intern
student gets a lot of knowledge and skill during his/her internship program.
Network is a pervasive in all aspects of life: political, economic and social. It is indispensable to
the workings of a global economy and to the defense of both conventional military threats and the
threat of terrorism. Everything in our world needs knowledge, and that knowledge come from
another place through internet. Designing a secure network is necessary for the health of good
and safe communication.
In this report I have covered all what I have been doing in my internship program including
studying historical background of the hosting company and the overall benefit I gained from the
training session. This program helps us to develop skill and knowledge that can be executed in
the real world. In addition to this we have been developing the ability of solving problems related
to any professional areas and how to meet challenges. In the internship program, I have
developed theory supported by real-world applications. Generally, the internship is one of

2016 E.C Page 65
significant thing for all students especially for technology students in order to have the interest to
learn more at the future and to be having a good vision about future.
6.2 Recommendation
6.2.1 Recommendation for Bahirdar University
BDU should know what the interns will going to do. It should ask first what the intention of
intern students will be, what they would intend to do, and what advantage that the organization
will go to have after finishing the duration.
The followings are some points I would like recommend BDU:
 The organization should ready for intern students through preparing project tasks
 The organization must prepare office for intern students.
 The organization must solve problem of purchasing materials
 Professional and skilled man should take advantage of our country development so the
organization must employ professionals.
6.2.2 Recommendation for UoG(IoT)

UoG has no enough communications with the company especially the industrial linkage should
have good communication and find the best company for intern students. Due to this reason, we
were not cover every portion of networking in the company. Therefore, communication between
UoG and company is essential.
UoG need to deal with the hosting companies and evaluate how the companies will be ready for
the intern students. The availability of resources only does not mean make comfort for the interns
but needs the willingness of the companies.

2016 E.C Page 66
Chapter 7
Appendix
7.1 Appendix
Poly campus Access Switch

Switch>en
Switch#configterminal
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNT
L/Z. Switch(config)#hostname
poly_Access_switch
Poly_Access_switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Poly_Access_switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan
10
% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan
10
Poly_Access_switch(config-if)#switchport mode
access
Poly_Access_switch(config-
if)#interfacefastEthernet0/3
poly_Access_switch(config-
if)#switchportaccessvlan20
% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan
20
poly_Access_switch(config-
if)#switchportmodeaccess
Poly Distribution switch

Switch>en
Switch#conft
Enter configuration commands,one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname
Poly_Dist
Poly_Dist(config)#ipdhcpexcluded-address10.154.10.110.154.10.9
Poly _Dist(config)#ipdhcpexcluded-address10.154.20.110.154.20.9
Poly _Dist(config)#ip dhcp pool FasilVlan10
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#network10.154.10.0 255.255.255.0
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#default-router10.154.10.1
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)# dns-server 10.139.2.2
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#ip dhcp pool FasilVlan20
Poly _Dist(dhcp-
2016 E.C Page 67
config)#network10.154.20.0255.255.255.0
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#default-router10.154.20.1
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#dns-
server10.139.2.2
Poly _Dist(dhcp-config)#ip routing
Poly _Dist(config)#interface
FastEthernet0/1
Poly _Dist(config-if)#no switchport
Poly _Dist(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.30.2255.255.255.0
Poly _Dist(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Poly _Dist(config-if)# switchport trunk
encapsulation dot1q
Poly _Dist(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
Poly _Dist(config-if)#interface Vlan10
Poly _Dist(config-
if)#ipaddress10.154.10.1255.255.255.0 Poly
_Dist(config-if)#interface Vlan20
Poly _Dist(config-if)#ipaddress10.154.20.1255.255.255.0
Poly_Dist(config-if)#router ospf 1
Poly_Dist(config-router)#log-adjacency-
changes
Poly_Dist(config-router)#network10.139.30.00.0.0.255area0
Poly_Dist(config-
router)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0FastEthernet0/1
Poly_Dist(config)#
At Core switch
Switch>en
Switch>conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with
CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname CORE_SWITCH
CORE_SWITCH(config)#ip routing
CORE_SWITCH(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
CORE_SWITCH(config-if)# no switchport
CORE_SWITCH(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.70.1255.255.255.0
CORE_SWITCH(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/2
CORE_SWITCH(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.30.1255.255.255.0

2016 E.C Page 68
CORE_SWITCH(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.40.1255.255.255.0
CORE_SWITCH(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.50.1255.255.255.0
CORE_SWITCH(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.60.1255.255.255.0
CORE_SWITCH(config-if)#router ospf 1
CORE_SWITCH(config-router)#log-adjacency-
changes
CORE_SWITCH(config-router)#network10.139.30.00.0.0.255area0
CORE_SWITCH(config-router)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0FastEthernet0/1
CORE_SWITCH(config)#
At Edge Firewall
Router>en
Router#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname Edge-Firewall
Edge-Firewall(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0
Edge-Firewall(config-
if)#ipaddress10.139.70.2255.255.255.0 Edge-
Firewall(config-if)# ip nat inside
Edge-Firewall(config-if)#interfaceSerial2/0
if)#ipaddress200.1.1.1255.255.255.0 Edge-
Firewall(config-if)# ip nat outside
Edge-Firewall(config-if)#routerospf1
Edge-Firewall(config-router)#log-adjacency-changes
Edge-Firewall(config-router)#network10.139.70.00.0.0.255area0
router)#ipnatinsidesourcelist1interfaceSerial2/0overload Edge-
Firewall(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial2/0

2016 E.C Page 69
Edge-Firewall(config)#access-list1permit10.154.10.00.0.0.255
Edge-Firewall(config)#access-
list1permit10.136.20.00.0.0.255 Edge-Firewall(config)#
At Ethio-Telecom
Router>en
Router>conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname Ethio-Telecom
Ethio-Telecom(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0
Ethio-Telecom(config-
if)#ipaddress8.8.8.1255.255.255.0 Ethio-
Telecom(config-if)# ip nat inside
Ethio-Telecom(config-if)#interfaceFastEthernet1/0
Telecom(config-if)# ip nat inside
Ethio-Telecom(config-if)#interfaceSerial2/0
Telecom(config-if)# ip nat outside
if)#ipnatinsidesourcelist1interfaceSerial2/0overload Ethio-
Telecom(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial2/0
Ethio-Telecom(config)#access-list1permithost 8.8.8.0
Ethio-Telecom(config)#access-
list1permithost3.3.3.0 Ethio-Telecom(config)#
Cisco Packet Tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer as the name suggests, is a tool built by Cisco. This tool provides a network
simulation to practice simple and complex networks.
As Cisco believes, the best way to learn about networking is to do it.
The main purpose of Cisco Packet Tracer is to help students learn the principles of networking
with hands-on experience as well as develop Cisco technology specific skills. Since the protocols

2016 E.C Page 70
are implemented in software only method, this tool cannot replace the hardware Routers or
Switches. Interestingly, this tool does not only include Cisco products but also many more
networking devices.
Using this tool is widely encouraged as it is part of the curriculum like CCNA, CCENT where
Faculties use Packet Trace to demonstrate technical concepts and networking systems. Student’s
complete assignments using this tool, working on their own or in teams.
Engineers prefer to test any protocols on Cisco Packet Tracer before implementing them. Also,
Engineers who would like to deploy any change in the production network prefer to use Cisco
Packet Tracer to first test the required changes and proceed to deploy if and only if everything is
working as expected.
This makes the job easier for Engineers allowing them to add or remove simulated network
devices, with a Command line interface and a drag and drop user interface. You can download the
tool from https://www.netacad.com by clicking on the Packet Tracer graphic and selecting the
appropriate OS package, then you are good to play with it.
This course will help you kick start using the tool: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-
tracer/introduction-packet-tracer.[5]
Workspace:
1. Logical – Logical workspace shows the logical network topology of the network the user has
built. It represents the placing, connecting and clustering virtual network devices.
2. Physical – Physical workspace shows the graphical physical dimension of the logical network.
It depicts the scale and placement in how network devices such as routers, switches and hosts
would look in a real environment. It also provides geographical representation of networks,
including multiple buildings, cities and wiring closets.
Key Features:
• Unlimited devices
• E-learning
• Customize single/multi user activities
• Interactive Environment
• Visualizing Networks
• Real-time mode and Simulation mode
• Self-paced
• Supports majority of networking protocols

2016 E.C Page 71
• International language support
• Cross platform compatibility
Chapter 8
References
[1] [ configuration and installation manual]
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25766/network-configuration
[1:40 PM June 3, 2021]
[2] [wireless networking] https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-guide/how-to-
configure-wireless-network-in-packet-tracer.html
[9:04 AM June 10, 2021]
[3] [cisco] https://www.cisco.com
[1:44 PM June 20, 2021]
[4] [subnetting] https://www.ibm.com/docs/fr/zos/2.4.0?topic=internetworking-ipv4-
subnetting [11:44 PM June 25, 2021]
[5] [packet tracer] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-cisco-packet-tracer/
[1:44 PM July 10, 2021]
[6] [vlan configuration] https://www.grandmetric.com/knowledge-
base/design_and_configure/how-to-configure-vlan-cisco/[10:00 AM July 19, 2021]
[7] https://www.inu.edu.et [3:00 PM July 21, 2021]

2016 E.C Page 72

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UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

TITLE: CAMPUS NETWORK DESIGN

INTERNSHIP DURATION: FROM END OF JUNE 2023 TO END OF AUGUST

ADVISOR`S NAME: MS. AZIZA

SUBMMISION DATE: FEBRUARY 11/2023

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

conf t configure terminal

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DNS Domain-Name Service

FTP File Transport Protocol

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

HTTP Hypertext transfer Protocol

BDU BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY

LAN Local Area Network

NTP Network Time Protocol

STP Shielded Twisted Pair

PVC Polymer of Vinyl Chloride

SFP Small form-factor pluggable

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

UTP Unshielded Twisted pair

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

WAP Wireless Access Point

WAN Wide Area Network

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Figure 1 Customer/end user flow chart

Figure 2 Organizational chart of BDU

Figure 3 Workflow of BDU ICT

Figure 4 Workflow of ICT department in BDU

Figure 5 hardware overview

Figure 6 TP-link (wireless access point)

Figure 7 Fiber optic patch panel

Figure 8 Star topology in each block

Figure 9 Office equipment

Figure 10 RJ45, color order and UTP

Figure 11 Pressing pins of RJ45

Figure 12 Building network design

Figure 13 Mode type of fiber optic cable

Figure 14 Fiber optic patch panel

Figure 16 Patch panel

Figure 18 UTP cat6 cable

Figure 23 UTP cable testers

Figure 24 Critical thinking

Figure 25 Physical design

Figure 26 Logical design

Figure 28 Router4331 to Ethio-tele connection

Figure 29 BDU Network Simulation snapshot

Figure 30 DHCP Result

Figure 31 From poly to pedda connection

Figure 32 From poly to selam campus connection

Figure 33 From poly to gish-aby connection

Figure 34 Web server from poly campus

Table 2 Costs of TCO

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

2.5.1 Clipping RJ45 with UTP.................................................................................................. 22

5.1.5 PROJECT BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL GOALS ................................................................. 50

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Background of Hosting Company

ICT Development office is responsible for all information systems development,

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR IOT INTERNSHIP REPORT FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS

It also views capacity building program as a means of addressing and strengthening

1.2. Production Process of the BDU

❖ Highly Available and Secure Internet service