STANDARD TANKS VOL 1 1200.00 120001 1200.02 1200.03 12.00.04 12.00.03 12.0006 120007 CONTENTS OF SECTION FOUNDATIONS. General ‘Types of Soils Standard Tank Foundations Foundations on Poor Soils Segin Tank Bottoms Foundations for Floating Roof Tanks Tanks Subject to High Winds or Operated at a Maximum Pressure of 2} in (650 mn) Water-Gauge Figure 12.0001 Maximum Permissible Settlement of Tank Bottoms | | |12.00.00 FOUNDATIONS 12.0001 Genera ‘Tanks ace usualy exeted on standard Foundations see dang in Volume 2, ‘The maximum ight to waieh a ank may safely be bul is alated by the baring epasity rc of the sol beneath te tank ad foundation. The bearing expsity of a el the taxi ‘nar press which can son without exesivestdement or rik of fale in shese. “Any ieemation onthe bakavout a he soil beneath scat tanks o balding, which ‘may be obsinable rom the rests of previous texte or rom lca expeiens, should be cow Slee fest. When celle local knowledge Snot svllable the Ste shoul be examined snd tented by soit mechanics peti ‘The approximate bearing pressures at ground level when tanks are fled with water are ‘ven on ihe aforementioned dang 12.0002 Types of Sots Sols maybe clsifedas hard o soft, bu ace aver ul homogeneous. Sub-solsgneily ‘onsit of vere stata each having dierent properties, The este of sopenmpored tank load extend to 4 comiersle depth and have {oe akan ito socunt whan carrying ou te soll jvesigaon: (@) Hard Sos, Hard sos, such as sands and graves, usually have adequate bearing capciy and setlemeats re of minor eat (©) Sot Sols. The beacing capacity of sof sol, suchas clays, sts and eats, shows 2 ‘ide vation. Ip thes, stement takes place slowly and may continue fora Tons pig b Dung the sting period, the bearing capaly ofthe soll is improved by consoldation, provided that sll alte does ot sec asa result of overoaing, 120003. Standard Tonk Fomdstons “The standard tank foundation issuable for use on most soll. consis of «we contllated mound of good quality aggregite or snd, supporting a sand bed which is covered waterproof sea cot The foundations graded and shaped to accommodate a cena sump. eal ofthe standard foundation, including detail of be vad atumen mix sed fo the sak ‘i ut, ae gies in Volume 2 Setement a he cen ofthe Bottom wl egret han tthe peiphecy ofthe tank and i I recommended that foundations testing on poor sols having © os raring capacity offs than approximately 2 tort (8 kglem?) sould iially be graded upwards towards the centre Ate semen complete, the tnk bocom gradient mst be ( ‘downvacds towards the centr. Tbe initia ‘difesnce in ight betwoen the cetre snd the Pihecy ofthe bottom when bulling the foundton depends pon the selment expected the figures given onthe dang In Volume 2 wil met all normal sal condition. ‘rz0n04 Foundations on Por Seis (on por soils it is advisable to apy the water tet on the completed tank slowly in oder to allow te subsol to consliate. (On very poor sis oer measures my be eequied, sie of whieh ate sted belo: (a) Toctesing he hugh of he sander foundations to slow For inal settlement (6). PreJoading he si to consldate the ite Before onstruction sore Aug 1981noe 120005 120006 20007 STANDARD TANKS VOL 1 (© Reducing the consolation prod reguived by means of vertical sand desing which enable the water inthe subs o be suena out more apy (2) ont the uper ayers fst ar of very poor aly, excvaing tse layers and ‘refilling with more suitable material * (© exceptional instances, sing a eafresd concrete raf supported by concrete pis, ‘This expensive and exper advice shouldbe Obaiaed before» defsion 1 aade Geseraly, the most economical method of supporting » tank isto se the standard foundation een ithe Foundation hac lo her pack soe tne Fe this a esa ‘0 invenignion, inctoding Boag, cone soundings ad lboratony te shouldbe cael ‘at whenever supplementaty measures to ncrease the strength of foundations ate being ton. sidered. Requirements relating tothe pease setement of tanks are stringent te ot ‘er sutures, Ii ecommended that test rele are compared with the resis obtnsd From other stes where there ae poor soll canditions st sana foundations have est successful ws Seg a Tank Batons “he amount of defetin, resting om semen, tht mst not be exeeded in tank botoms is given in Mgure 12.000. Itthe detection excede thee lieth sees Inte tank bottom pacing may become excite andi advale 1 it the tank aad report the foundation before this occur. If sl condins ate very bod it may be necoary to fepack ‘he foundations several ines during tif ofthe tank Foundation for Flating Roof Tanks ‘Uneven setlement of ie foundation of a foatlag coo tak may dort the cealaiy ‘ofthe tank sel and this may inert with the operation of the root and damage the sel ‘methane, ‘Although uneven semen mosh more crt for fasting roof tanks th for fed ‘oof tanks, Both pes cn generally be placed ox poo sos wthoat taking sty spcia enstes However if aneven setdement ateu, sting roof tanks may acid 19 jcked up fot ‘epickng the foundation more fequetly than Bed rot tks da te sae te “The provision of «enforced cones tng beneath the shell ofthe tank may sometimes be advisable. The rng wil duce dierent etemeat, end should be degned to rst ‘Tana Suet to High Winds or Operated at « Masia Presae of 21 (50 mm) Water- Gauge “Tanks up to and including 64 diameter may require aditonn wight to comes for uplift dust internal pressure whea working tos pres of 21) (330 mn) wer grog, ‘or for overtaring moments de to exceptionally high winds Rego subet to exeepionly high winds are iptizated om he wind foe ca, oe Figure 0290.02, ‘A rinored oneet rng foundation, which designed to rest both wind moments and pli is shown in Volume 2 The tank sel inthis fstance has eternal connctons [or ‘ollngtowe dol, and th boss ball into the evcret ing ‘The tank ses indicted bythe saded portion of the able ven in Figure 020002, wien rete in areas subj Co wind forces greater than 100 mp (11 kif, ut be rere i “ttenfreed coneete rng and holiing-dor bolts a Jed en the dvwigs eesti the working pressure a the tankSTANDARD TANKS VOL t FIGURE 120001 : —— | ef . | | 5 i : pare | 1 | sta egos om tao tonsa 2 = Umno ate ee ener oaton Bxamplet: | Bmampie 2: . Pata | te tang tag? mn cy —n ‘Seon “Total allovaiestement af centre rom cere A+83%, 00 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SETTLEMENT OF TANK BOTTOMS“STANDARD TANKS VOL 1 CONTENTS OF SECTION LATION 13.0000 INst 1SU0OL General 15.00.02 Roof Insulation Against Solar Heat 1300.03 Shell and Roof Insulation for Heated Tanks Ange 66 1.000fe ie 13.0000 INSULATION 13.0001 Genera Inslation for refinery tankage wil be designed speisly fr the progusts to be stort and isnot dese i hs manos 1300.02 Root tnuation Apso Solar Heat In marketing insaliatony/depae tis recommended tht polystyrene sibs Hin (98 ms) thick are sed for insuting tank rot gas solar heat. Tes slabs ae li onthe prepares roof sheets and ton sealed to preven them from Becoming materogaed ‘The ntlation i pied a flows! (8) Preparation of Root Sheets (© Cleaning. I the tank is new and the shots have Ben pickled and shop ‘me, the rot shoul be brushed thoroughly to remove all ust end dit. Rust on damaged aeas mus be removed by wire Brohing, I the tank new and the shes have not Been peed and shop vied, all di, rst, ‘loose mil ele must be removed by wie bting Ifthe tank has aleady been painted the sets mst be thoroughly brushed to remove al ds t,o oos o Making pa © Appliatian of Primer. A. single coat of PF i broshed on tothe seaned sete, sing 1 Imp gal300 (1 ie/6t m9, (Gy Lereing. The tank coo smoothed by appbing «mass consisting of nko Type | emulsion to whish et been added approximately three parts by volume of clean, sharp sind. The mast apled by towel and Sed solely as a smoothing cot Tt shoud be of the iskmuen thickness ‘eulred leva the lap ofthe oo ses (©) Apptcatin of Foamed Polen After the smoothing nasi as died “FUintkote’ ‘Type 382 adhesives aplied wo the tank rot, using {Imp ga/67 NYC ice/1-35 dali co ths foamed polystyrene ite. Thc adhesive i then allowed tory unt al ‘he water har evaprated, during which ine the surface rust be Kept fea fom dst and di. When the waters evaporated the polystyrene slabs are ese frm ino “The edges ofthe polystyrene slabs should also be costed wih adhesive, to prevent ‘ate tom entering through the joints between the Sb (© Arpiation of Waterpeoaig Layer @ tere slabs have been set, “stot” Type 7 emulsion is trovelled ono the enteral surface of the slabs exing approximately I mp gal/t7 (Ctire'35 mo, and 4 membrane of wove las fare applied to te Net surface ofthe coating A speaiction forthe gas aco even bel, Gi A further cotng of “inst” Type 7 emulsion is applied, sain wing 1 imp gf RE t35 m1 ve» al dy Rem ches f ths vratsproting Iyer above the pobsyrne of approxinaely in @ mm. id When the waterproofing layer is horouehly dy, wo coats of alia ‘itomen pain ae poi “The woven las faba hal be made rom a sabe watetesistan las re. The weight ‘tte fbi tobe 2 ox y*(0.8 gn) minimum. The mesh ses shoul beat eat teh Der lace ich 25 mim) ln both seis The brie mux be scong and, n onder fa ge Fiity aod prevent dation and ane diplacement of the trends, a sutble syne Fein tame binder must Se used nts manera art 18511.0005 STANDARD TANKS VOL t 13.0003 Stell and Roof aston or Heated Tanks ‘When storags tanks for bitumen have tobe insulate Lo reduce heat loses he flowing proce sould te adopted (6). Prepacition of Root Sheets and Shel Phtes. Both he rot sheets an shel plates ae roped ad pimed a aeny speed in 200.03 (©) Appin of tesataton. Aer priming, ain (12. leveling ayer of mea ‘oasis applied to the root shes The magnesia bs are them placed i postion =~ find covered bya Lin am) he Lye soetng oem of aga eto farsetinginuatlng coment, and “Fintote” 12. Final, layer of “Fnkot end sand mix, and to finishing cons 9 pled. ie 4