PARTS OF

CHAPTER 1
Rationale
Statement of the Problem/Research
Objectives
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
In quantitative research, a rationale refers to the
underlying reasons or justifications for
conducting a particular study. It serves as the
"why" behind the research, explaining the
purpose and significance of the research project.
Is a concise and clear articulation of the specific
issue or question that the research aims to
address. It outlines the context and provides a
foundation for the research study by identifying
the problem's significance and relevance.
Example:
The primary objective of this research is to address the following
key questions:
1. To what extent do variations in class schedules affect senior
high school students' learning outcomes at CASA Amazing
Grace?
2. What is the level of learning outcomes among Senior High
School Students in CASA Amazing Grace School?
3. Is there a significant relationship between Class Schedules and
Students Learning Outcomes?
A research hypothesis is a testable statement or
educated guess that predicts a relationship or
difference between variables. It is a specific and
clear proposition that guides the research and
serves as a basis for data collection and analysis.
Two types of Hypothesis:
1. Null Hypothesis (Ho)
2. Alternative Hypothesis (Hi)
1. Null Hypothesis (Ho)
The null hypothesis, often denoted as Ho, is a
statement that there is no significant effect,
relationship, or difference between the variables
being studied. Researchers typically aim to test the null
hypothesis to determine whether there is evidence to
reject it in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
Example: Ho: There is no significant difference in test
scores between Group A and Group B.
1. Alternative Hypothesis (Hi)
The alternative hypothesis, often denoted as Hi or Ha,
is the opposite of the null hypothesis. It asserts that
there is a significant effect, relationship, or
difference between the variables being studied.
Researchers seek to find evidence in support of the
alternative hypothesis.
Example: Ha: There is a significant difference in test
scores between Group A and Group B.
The review of related literature is a
comprehensive and critical summary of existing
research and scholarly work relevant to the topic
of the study. It serves to provide context, identify
gaps in knowledge, and highlight previous
findings related to the research problem.
Parts of RRL
1. Introductory Statement
2. 5 RRL for the IV
3. 5 RRL for the DV
4. 5 RRL connecting the IV and DV
Example: Introductory Statement
This part of the study presents survey of
related literature and writing of recognized
experts, both of which have significant bearing or
relation to the problem under investigation.
A theoretical framework is a structured set of
concepts and principles that provides a theoretical
foundation for the research. It helps in explaining
the relationships between variables and serves as a
lens through which the research problem is
viewed.
A conceptual framework is a visual
representation or model that illustrates the key
concepts, variables, and relationships in the study.
It helps researchers conceptualize the study's
structure and connections.
The significance of the study outlines the
importance and potential contributions of the
research. It explains how the research can fill a
gap in knowledge, inform practice, influence
policy, or benefit a particular group or field.
The definition of terms section provides clear
and precise explanations of key terms, concepts,
and variables used in the study. It ensures that all
readers have a common understanding of the
terminology used in the research.