5/6/2017 Britain, the United States and the Rise of an Egyptian Leader: The Politics and Diplomacy of Nasser’s

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Britain, the United States and the Rise of an

Egyptian Leader: The Politics and Diplomacy of
Nasser’s Consolidation of Power, 1952–4
Michael T. Thornhill

Engl Hist Rev (2004) 119 (483): 892-921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.483.892

Published: 01 September 2004

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Abstract
Nasser’s emergence as the unrivalled leader of the ‘Egyptian revolution’ was
intimately connected with his efforts to secure an end to the British occupation
of the Suez Canal Zone. While there was nothing new about the long-running
negotiations with Britain influencing Egypt’s internal politics, the stakes were
nevertheless considerably raised after the military coup of July 1952. Using the
exigencies of trying to negotiate an evacuation agreement, Nasser moved Egypt
decisively away from pluralism and towards authoritarianism. Opponents —
some from within the regime — were either arrested or barred from political
life. Officials from the US embassy in Cairo played a crucial role in this process,
much to the frustration of their British counterparts and, at times, the concerns
of Washington. In detailing the relationship between Egypt’s internal and

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5/6/2017 Britain, the United States and the Rise of an Egyptian Leader: The Politics and Diplomacy of Nasser’s Consolidation of Power, …

external politics as Nasser consolidated his power, this article seeks to pull
together two hitherto largely distinct lines of enquiry: the first, predominantly
the preserve of area studies specialists, has focused on the collapse of Egypt’s
old order and anatomized the new; the second, occupied in the main by imperial
historians, has considered the diplomatic context of the rise of Nasser,
specifically the negotiations leading to the Anglo–Egyptian defence agreement
of 1954 (and mostly as a brief prelude to the Suez crisis two years later). What
emerges from this account is the precariousness of Nasser’s progress from the
shadows of the military junta and how dependent he was on US support.

Oxford University Press 2004

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