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Here she uses:

• Simple Present: Ride, Get, Read, Write, Participate, Have Lunch → a

 ctions that Gaby performs every day or
sometimes
• Present Continuous: Am not going → Temporary Situation
• Adverbs of Frequency: Sometimes, Usually, Normally, Always → the number of times these actions happen
• Time Expressions: When, at the moment
• Time: At one p.m.

Some situations where we can talk about schedules are:

Meeting people Enrolling in a course Informal conversations At the doctor At work

L E S S O N 5

BASIC CONNECTORS: AND, BUT, SO

:: USE AND STRUCTURE

And But So

Adds Information Opposes Ideas Concludes Ideas

• Position in a Sentence

Sentence or Information 1 + AND + Sentence or Information 2 → Gabe swims and plays soccer.

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Sentence or Information 1 + BUT + Sentence or Information 2 → Mike is on a diet, but he doesn’t like salad.

Sentence or information 1 + SO + Conclusion → It is sunny, so I’m going to the beach.

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

At College
Professor – Guys, the exams are next week,
so you have to study.
Kerry – Professor, I have questions
about Law and Management.
Professor – OK, ask your questions, but the
exam is about Sociology.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT
Pam likes movies. Likes theater too. Pam likes movies and theater too.
So, I don’t go to the beach. I don’t like it. I don’t like it, so I don’t go to the beach.

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EXPRESSING POSSESSION: REVIEW

:: USE AND STRUCTURE

• Possessive Adjectives → Indicate Possession → Together with Noun → My car

Singular Plural
First person My Our
Second person Your Your
Third person His Their
Her
Its

• Possessive Case (’S or ’) → Indicates Possession → Together with Noun or Name

Case 1: Singular Nouns or Names → ’S

This is my friend’s house. Charles’s (or Charles’) sister likes videogames.

CHA R LE S CHA R LE S’S SISTE R

M A RK

Important Note: Names or singular words that end in –S may have two uses of the Possessive Case:

Charles’ sister = Charles’s sister. Both are correct, but Charles’s is more common.
My boss’ car = My boss’s car. Both are correct, but boss’s is more common.

Case 2: Plural Nouns → ’

My friends’ wedding was fantastic. Teachers will correct students’ homework at

the beginning of classes.

M Y F RI EN D S

STUDE NTS

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Case 3: Plural forms that don’t end in –S → ’S

The children’s parents will pick them up. People’s votes are important in a democracy.

:: STAY ALERT
These are Jack and Mary’s bikes.

These are Hugh’s and Josh’s bikes.

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:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

A Ride
Kurt – Lia, do you want a ride home?
Lia – Do you have a car?
Kurt – I don’t, but I’m using my dad’s car today.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT
My parents’s house is in Chelsea. My parents’ house is in Chelsea.
Where is Tony’ house? Where is Tony’s house?

IMPERATIVES
:: USE AND STRUCTURE

IMPERATIVES

Instructions/
Orders Requests
Directions

Structure

Affirmative Negative
Verb in the Bare Infinitive Form Don’t + Verb in the Bare Infinitive Form
Sit. Don’t sit here.

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• Giving Directions

How do I get from the café to the hotel?

Go straight ahead.

How do I get from the hotel to the school?

Walk down the street, turn left, and then turn right.

How do I get from the school to the food joint?

Cross the street.

• Other expressions with Imperatives to give directions:

Keep going up to Lords Square. Take the 8 bus and get off at St. Johns.

LORDS SQUARE ST. JOHNS

Make a left on 8th Avenue.

8th AVENUE

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

Lost in Paris
Paul – Excuse me, sir. How can I get to the Eiffel Tower?
Man – Oh, take the train to Champ de Mars and go straight
ahead. You’ll see the tower on your right.
Paul – Thank you, sir.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT
Don’t left. Don’t turn left.
Go to straight ahead on Lilly Street. Go straight ahead on Lilly Street.

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LIKES AND DISLIKES

:: USE AND STRUCTURE
Things
Likes, dislikes, and preferences
Actions

Things

Expressing Likes
Subject + Like/Love/Adore + Noun

Example: Martha likes basketball.

Expressing Dislikes
Subject + Dislike/Hate/Detest/Can’t Stand/Don’t Like + Noun

Example: Jackson hates soccer.

Actions

Expressing Likes
Subject + Like/Love/Adore + To + Verb Subject + Like/Love/Enjoy + Verb in the –ING Form

Example: Tommy loves to play hockey. Example: Laura enjoys skiing.

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Expressing Dislikes
Subject + Don’t Like/Don’t Love/Dislike/ Subject + Don’t Like/Dislike/Don’t Love/
Hate /Detest/Can’t Stand + To + Verb Detest + Verb in the –ING Form

Example: Lyla doesn’t like to run. Example: Leon detests playing baseball.

• Asking About Likes and Dislikes

YES/NO QUESTIONS CONTENT QUESTIONS

Do you like + Noun? What + DO/DOES + Subject + Complement

Do you like to + Verb?

Does he like + Noun?

Does he like to + Verb?

Do your brothers enjoy + Noun?

Do your brothers enjoy + Verb in the –ING
Form?

Your brothers = They

Does your mother enjoy + Noun? What does Peter like for breakfast?
Does your mother enjoy + Verb in the –ING He likes juice and toast.
Form?
What do you like for breakfast?
Your mother = She I like juice and toast.

• Expressing Preferences: Structure

Important Note:
You use the auxiiary
verb DO before I, you,
we, and they.
You use the auxiliary
verb DOES before he,
she, and it.
Things
Subject + Verb To Prefer + Noun
Willie prefers pasta. He just loves it.
Actions
Subject + Verb To Prefer + Verb in the –ING form or To + Verb
Willie prefers to go to the beach. or Willie prefers going to the beach.

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:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT
The Weekend
Michael – Honey, let’s order a pizza?
Jenna – Hm, OK. I like pizza, but I prefer to go
out rather than ordering at home.
Michael – Really? I'm feeling lazy tonight...
Jenna – Oh, come on! You know I don’t like to
stay at home on weekends.
Michael – Fine...I prefer to go out tonight rather
than going out tomorrow.
Jenna – Lovely! Tomorrow we stay in and
watch a romantic movie.
Michael – An action movie...you know I hate
romantic movies.
Jenna – We’ll talk about it tomorrow. Come on,
let’s go.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT
I prefer to go out than to stay home. I prefer to go out rather than staying home.
I prefer a burger than fruit. I prefer a burger to fruit.

MAKING REQUESTS
:: USE AND STRUCTURE

Favors
Requests
Permission

• Can you...? → Informal Favors → You expect the answer

to be “yes.”

Sentence Structure
Can you + Verb in the Bare Infinitive + Complement

Can you help me with the dishes?

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• Could you...? → Formal Favors → You don’t know what the

answer will be.

Sentence Structure
Could you + Verb in the Bare Infinitive + Complement

Could you cook dinner tonight?

• May I...? → Formal Permission → You don’t know what

the answer will be.

Sentence Structure
May I + Verb in the Bare Infinitive + Complement

May I help you dust?

:: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT

At Home
Tanya – Keyla, can you help me clean the house?
Keyla – Sure, mom. What do you want me to do?
Tanya – Could you mop the floor?
Keyla – Sure.
Tanya – Thank you, honey.

:: COMMON MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT
Can you to sweep the room, please? Can you sweep the room, please?
I can help you hang the clothes? Can I help you hang the clothes?
Do you can get the phone, please? Can you get the phone, please?

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