BADMINTON

a. Origin and history

Badminton has ancient roots, with a history dating back over 2,000 years. The
sport is believed to have originated in ancient civilizations, possibly originating in
Greece or China. In the mid-19th century, British army officers stationed in India
introduced a game called "Poona," which involved a shuttlecock and racquet. The
officers brought this game back to England, and it evolved into what we now know as
badminton. The Bath Badminton Club established the first official rules in 1873, and
the sport gained popularity globally. Badminton was included in the Olympics in
1992, solidifying its status as a widely recognized and played sport.

b. Basic skills
1. Grip- Learn the basic grip to hold the racket comfortably and effectively.
2. Footwork- Focus on developing good footwork for swift movement around the
court.
3. Seve- Practice the basic serves, including high serves and low serves.
4. Clear Shot- Work on the clear shot to send the shuttlecock to the back of the
opponent`s court.
5. Drop Shot- Practice a basic drop shot for precise placement close to the net.
6. Smash- Develop a basic smash for a powerful offensive shot.
7. Net Shot- Learn the basics of the net shot, placing the shuttlecock just over the
net.
8. Drive Shot- Practice a basic drive shot for a flatter trajectory.
9. Lob Shot- Get comfortable with a basic lob shot for sending the shuttlecock
high and deep.
10. Basic Reflexes- Focus on improving your basic reflexes for quick responses
during rallies.
c. Facilities and Equipment
 Court Dimensions
- A badminton court is rectangular, with specific dimensions for singles and
doubles play.
- The court is divided into halves by a net, and there are boundary lines for
singles and doubles play.
 Net and Net Height
- The badminton net is placed in the center of the court, creating a barrier
between the two sides.
- the net height is standardized, with specific measurements of men`s, women`s,
and mixed doubles play.
 Shuttlecock
- The shuttlecock, also known as a birdie, is a feathered or synthetic projectile
used in badminton.
- Feathered shuttlecocks are typically made with goose feathers, while synthetic
ones are made of nylon.
 Raquets
- Badminton racquets, also called rackets, are used by players to hit the
shuttlecock.
-Racquets vary in weight, balance, and string tension, and players often choose
them based on personal references and playing styles.
 Flooring
- The playing surface of a badminton court is usually made of wood or synthetic
materials.
- The surface should provide good traction to prevent slipping, and it must be
marked according to the official court dimensions.
 Lighting
- Adequate lighting is essential for clear visibility of the shuttlecock and lines on
the court.
- Professional and competitive venues often have specific lighting requirements
to meet international standards.
 Facility Layout
- Badminton facilities may include multiple courts arranged in a way that allows
for simultaneous play.
- Spectator seating, changing rooms, and other amenities contribute to the overall
functionality of a badminton facility.
 Scoring Equipment
- Scoreboards and other equipment for keeping track of points are often used in
the competitive settings.

d. Single Scoring
-In badminton, single scoring refers to the scoring system used in singles matches,
where one player competes against another.
 Scoring System
-In singles play, each rally results in a point being scored by one of the players.
- Points can only be scored by the serving side, and a point is awarded when the
opponent fails to return the shuttlecock within the boundaries of the court or commits
a fault.
 Points to Win
- Traditionally, badminton follows a rally scoring system in which a point is scored
on every serve, regardless of which side serves.
- The first player to reach 21 points with a two-point advantage wins the game.
 Deuce
- If the score reaches 20-20, the game continues until one player gains a two-point
lead.
- This situation is known as "deuce," and players continue to alternate serves until
a clear winner emerges.
 Winning the Match
- A badminton match in singles is usually played as the best of three games.
- The player who wins two out of the three games is declared the overall winner
of the match.
 Server Rotation
- Unlike doubles play, where there is a specific rotation of server positions, in
singles, the server always serves from the right-hand court at the start of a game or
when the server's score is even.

e. Double Scoring
-In badminton, double scoring refers to the scoring system used in doubles matches,
where two players on one team compete against two players from the opposing team.
 Scoring System
- In doubles play, each rally results in a point being scored by one of the teams.
 - Points can only be scored by the serving side, and a point is awarded when the
opponents fail to return the shuttlecock within the boundaries of the court or commit a
fault.
 Points to Win
- Similar to singles play, doubles traditionally follows a rally scoring system in
which a point is scored on every serve, regardless of which side serves.
- The first team to reach 21 points with a two-point advantage wins the game.
 Deuce
- If the score reaches 20-20, the game continues until one team gains a two-point
lead.
- Just like in singles, this situation is known as "deuce," and play continues until a
clear winner emerges.
 Winning the Match
- A badminton match in doubles is usually played as the best of three games.
- The team that wins two out of the three games is declared the overall winner of
the match.
 Server Rotation
- Unlike singles play, where the server always serves from the right-hand court, in
doubles, there is a specific rotation of server positions.
- The first server serves from the right-hand court, and after each point, both
players on the serving team rotate positions, with the server moving to the left-hand
court.

f. Associating Officials
-In badminton, associating officials refer to the individuals responsible for ensuring
fair play, enforcing rules, and making judgments during matches. These officials play
a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the game.

 Umpire
- The umpire is the primary official on the court responsible for overall match
control.
- The umpire ensures that the match is conducted according to the rules and
makes decisions on points, faults, and other issues.
- They also announce the score, call faults, and signal the start and end of each
rally.
 Service Judge
- The service judge specifically monitors the serving player to ensure they adhere
to service rules.
- They watch for service faults, such as improper height of the shuttlecock or the
racquet head pointing downwards during the serve.
- The service judge typically stands diagonally across the net from the umpire.
 Line Judges
- Line judges are positioned around the court and are responsible for determining
whether a shuttlecock lands in or out of the boundaries.
- They make immediate decisions on line calls and communicate them to the
umpire, who may consult with them if there is uncertainty.
 Overall Referee
- In larger tournaments or events, there may be an overall referee who oversees
multiple matches and ensures consistency in officiating.
 - The overall referee may address disputes, rule interpretations, and other matters
that arise during the tournament.
 Service Judge Assistant (Optional)
- In high-level competitions, there may be an assistant to the service judge who
helps in making service fault calls, especially for close or difficult-to-judge situations.